300 lines
37 KiB
XML
300 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="A0DA465156715F7B5E4D46A29AC6BF5C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.206798" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f362f4e9-0219-45a1-a498-6f04a5483c9e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="206798" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460246210568" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vila-Farré, Miquel, Sluys, Ronald, Almagro, Ío, Handberg-Thorsager, Mette & Romero, Rafael" docDate="2011" docId="038887CDFF877757FF2EB889699D859C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02779p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2779" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phagocata flamenca Vila-Farre & Sluys, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFB1FFB5FF8C7759FFB9BC666D2E866C" masterDocTitle="Freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from the Iberian Peninsula and Greece: diversity and notes on ecology" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698241874557" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="00CBD427E67D6AABE802BF531C966FB4">Freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from the Iberian Peninsula and Greece: diversity and notes on ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2C7778545EBA7387CC29F09A38037901">Vila-Farré, Miquel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0A10CE7018D6322BCD9F3BE41EDAD79">Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="032491B6293E071CB05673FA3B81DAEC">Almagro, Ío</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC150DB43916D42CEF3FF79EDF6DEFE9">Handberg-Thorsager, Mette</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4DFC908830B6B80EB446940F82B354B">Romero, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1FF283D2BD486B95262C7304193035C3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2C5DF81D4A6C7920FAE221ECA34F70AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="291FFE72296DD72477CC0FDA76D2E9DF">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038887CDFF877757FF2EB889699D859C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5687255" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119390537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5687255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887CDFF877757FF2EB889699D859C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887CDFF877757FF2EB889699D859C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C33B6550FF877752FF2EB8896CD48346" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF2EB8896FDE8365" blockId="11.[151,752,1263,1322]" box="[151,752,1263,1289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0D681B7FF877752FF2EB8896FDE8365" bold="true" box="[151,752,1263,1289]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FF2EB8896FDE8365" bold="true" box="[151,752,1263,1289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF877752FF2EB8896FAB8365" authority="Vila-Farre & Sluys" authorityName="Vila-Farre & Sluys" box="[151,645,1263,1289]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FF2EB8896CA08365" bold="true" box="[151,398,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phagocata flamenca</emphasis>
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Vila-Farré & Sluys
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657B2FF877752FD2AB8896FDE8365" box="[659,752,1263,1289]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF2EB9746CD48346" blockId="11.[151,752,1263,1322]" box="[151,506,1298,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6A30360FF877752FF27B9746DDD8346" box="[158,243,1298,1322]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,235,154,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,266,763]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. List of localities with new species of freshwater planarians in the Iberian Peninsula and Greece. Latitude and longitude are expressed in decimal degrees (Datum European, 1979). Latitude and longitude for “ Canal of Argos, near Argos and Néa Kíos ” are approximations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6653FF847751FF2EBCFC6CFF8683" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF5E6653FF847751FF2EBCFC6CFF8683">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF877752FEB8B9746C618346" box="[257,335,1298,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1558,1581]" captionTargetBox="[171,1436,828,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,828,1528]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distributional records of twelve species of freshwater planarians in the Iberian Peninsula. Data from De Beauchamp, 1920; De Beauchamp, 1932; Baguñà et al. 1980, 81; Gourbault, 1981; Ribas, 1990; Sluys et al. 1995; Carranza & Giribet, 1997; unpublished records, this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206801/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF877752FEE2B9746C498346" box="[347,359,1298,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1090]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,333,1029]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,333,1029]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phagocata flamenca (A – D) specimens from “ Fuente de Don Pedro ” (Loja), (A) living animal, (B) preserved specimen, (C) freehand sketch of a live specimen in movement, (D) diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx, showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206806/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8</figureCitation>
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A–D, 9A–B)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6550FF877752FF2EB9346C3383A2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF2EB9346CC383E0" blockId="11.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FF2EB9346CAE8307" bold="true" box="[151,384,1362,1387]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="549A8879FF877752FE3FB9346F338306" box="[390,541,1362,1386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED30AE1EFF877752FD91B9356F488307" box="[552,614,1363,1387]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZMA</collectionCode>
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V.Pl. 6868.1, Fuente de Don Pedro, Loja,
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<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF877752FB86B934698F8306" box="[1087,1185,1362,1386]" name="Grenada" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Granada</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF877752FB12B93469C08306" box="[1195,1262,1362,1386]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FF9F101BFF877752FB40B93468B68306" box="[1273,1432,1362,1386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2009-04-20">20 April 2009</date>
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, sagittal sections on five slides.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF7EB9F36C3383A2" blockId="11.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="549A8879FF877752FF7EB9F36C4B83C1" box="[199,357,1429,1453]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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. V.Pl. 6868.2, ibid., sagittal sections on four slides; V.Pl. 6868.3, ibid., horizontal sections on three slides.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6550FF877752FF7EB9BE6DD480D0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF7EB9BE6F738059" blockId="11.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FF7EB9BE6C60839C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1496,1520]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet alludes to the great resemblance of the animal’s undulated body margins to the ruffles of a flamenco dancer’s dress. Moreover, the specimens were collected from Andalucía, a region in which Flamenco is the traditional dance.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF7EBA266DD480D0" blockId="11.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FF7EBA266C058034" bold="true" box="[199,299,1600,1624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecology.</emphasis>
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A large number of individuals were found under small stones in the well of an artificial spring, which receives water from irrigation channels and has three spouts that flow continuously. The depth of the well was about
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<quantity id="4CD99B3EFF877752FEB7BAE46C7D80F6" box="[270,339,1666,1690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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and the water conditions were as follows: temperature: 15ºC; conductivity 610 µs at 15ºC (502 µs at 25ºC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6550FF877752FF7EBAA36FAE810B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF7EBAA36FAE810B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FF7EBAA36C6F80B2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1733,1758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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With respect to external features,
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF877752FD05BAA36E8D80B1" box="[700,931,1733,1757]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FD05BAA36E8D80B1" box="[700,931,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phagocata flamenca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657B2FF877752FC10BAA3692C80B1" box="[937,1026,1733,1757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FC10BAA3692C80B1" bold="true" box="[937,1026,1733,1757]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be distinguished from its congeners by its exceptionally undulated body margin and by the characteristic and very wide shape of the frontal margin of the head during locomotion. Anatomically, the species is characterized by an ejaculatory duct that lacks a plug of cells and receives the opening of two
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<typeStatus id="549A8879FF877752FDEABB486FA0812A" box="[595,654,1838,1862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
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of glands, one that is cyanophilic and fine-grained, and one that is formed from coarse, erythrophilic granules.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6550FF877757FF7EBB1468AF8423" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF877752FF7EBB146F5E819E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1362,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF877752FF7EBB146C7781E7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1906,1931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
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Completely extended living specimens are about
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<quantity id="4CD99B3EFF877752FC28BB146ED981E6" box="[913,1015,1906,1930]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4CD99B3EFF877752FBD3BB14698281E6" box="[1130,1196,1906,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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wide; preserved animals measure up to
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<date id="FF9F101BFF877752FE38BBF36C8981C1" box="[385,423,1941,1965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9 x</date>
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<quantity id="4CD99B3EFF877752FE09BBF36F2281C1" box="[432,524,1941,1965]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
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. The dorsal surface is brown (
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<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF877752FCD5BBF36E9F81C1" box="[876,945,1941,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1090]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,333,1029]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,333,1029]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phagocata flamenca (A – D) specimens from “ Fuente de Don Pedro ” (Loja), (A) living animal, (B) preserved specimen, (C) freehand sketch of a live specimen in movement, (D) diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx, showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206806/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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A) and a broad lateral margin of the body, which is about
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<quantity id="4CD99B3EFF877752FEFEBBDE6CB181BC" box="[327,415,1976,2000]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
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wide, is unpigmented. In the middle of the body, at the pharynx level, the colour is pale brown due to a reduction of pigmentation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807755FF7CBCF16EC78770" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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The body margin is exceptionally undulated. The undulations are even more prominent when the animal retracts its body during locomotion or when specimens are preserved (
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<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF807755FC06BCDA692A86B8" box="[959,1028,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1090]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,333,1029]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,333,1029]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phagocata flamenca (A – D) specimens from “ Fuente de Don Pedro ” (Loja), (A) living animal, (B) preserved specimen, (C) freehand sketch of a live specimen in movement, (D) diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx, showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206806/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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B). There are about 8–12 wave-like curves or folds on each side, depending on the size of the animal. A narrow, pigmented line, consisting of 7–8 spots, surrounds each of the folds. The ventral surface is devoid of pigment.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5E6653FF807755FF2EB84D6E028213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206806/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[151,1431,333,1029]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807755FF2EB84D6E028213" blockId="12.[151,1437,1067,1151]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF807755FF2EB84D6C3C822C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1067,1090]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF807755FEA1B84D6CC6822D" box="[280,488,1067,1089]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
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<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF807755FEA1B84D6CC6822D" box="[280,488,1067,1089]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phagocata flamenca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(A–D) specimens from “Fuente de Don Pedro” (Loja), (A) living animal, (B) preserved specimen, (C) freehand sketch of a live specimen in movement, (D) diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx, showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807755FF7CB8C169108322" blockId="12.[151,1437,1190,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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A narrowing or “neck” is present at the level of the eyes and the tail is pointed. During locomotion, the frontal margin of the head shows a characteristic and very wide shape with a small protrusion in the midline, while the lateral edges of the margin are rounded. During the usual gliding motion, the head may also show lateral protrusions that are raised from the substrate and make twisting and turning movements, with the midline of the frontal margin being either sharply V-shaped or showing a shallow V-shaped depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF807755FC61B95069358322" box="[984,1051,1334,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1090]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,333,1029]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,333,1029]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phagocata flamenca (A – D) specimens from “ Fuente de Don Pedro ” (Loja), (A) living animal, (B) preserved specimen, (C) freehand sketch of a live specimen in movement, (D) diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx, showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206806/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807755FF7CB93C696683D6" blockId="12.[151,1437,1190,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The eyes are set in pigment-free patches (maximum eye-cup diameter 52–58 µm in specimen V.Pl. 6868.1 (in sections)), located far from the frontal margin. The number of retinal cells in each pigment cup could not be determined with certainty, but there are probably more than ten in specimen V.Pl. 6868.2.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807755FF7CB9A06E6A806E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1190,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">The cilia of the nucleated epidermis are uniformly distributed on the ventral epidermis but not on the dorsal epidermis, which is formed by ciliated and non-ciliated cells.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807755FF7CBA776E1680B2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1190,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The cylindrical pharynx is situated in the middle of the body and measures about 1/5th of the body length. The outer epithelium of the pharynx is underlain by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres, followed by a layer of circular muscles. The inner epithelium is underlain by a thick layer of circular muscles, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF807755FE86BA1B6CAD80F9" box="[319,387,1661,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1090]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,333,1029]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,333,1029]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Phagocata flamenca (A – D) specimens from “ Fuente de Don Pedro ” (Loja), (A) living animal, (B) preserved specimen, (C) freehand sketch of a live specimen in movement, (D) diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx, showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206806/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The mouth is situated in the posterior portion of the pharyngeal pocket and opens to the exterior underneath the copulatory bursa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF807755FDD3BAC76F8280D5" box="[618,684,1697,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,352,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1426,337,1922]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phagocata flamenca. Holotype V. Pl. 6868.1, (A) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left), (B) sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206807/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). In specimen V.Pl. 6868.1, the mouth is situated 310 μm from the anterior end of the body and 510 μm from the gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807755FF7CBA8F681C8125" blockId="12.[151,1437,1190,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">There are two rows of large irregularly-shaped testes extending from the ovaries to the posterior end of the body, and the follicles occupy about two-thirds of the dorsoventral diameter. Although they are principally ventral, some follicles may extend dorsally to well beyond the midline, especially in the anterior part of the body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF807754FF7CBB306EBB8770" blockId="12.[151,1437,1190,2009]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
In the proximity of the penis papilla, the vasa deferentia widen considerably, curve dorsally and, subsequently, recurve and narrow again before they penetrate the lateral wall of the penis bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF807755FB9EBB1F694781FD" box="[1063,1129,1913,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,352,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1426,337,1922]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phagocata flamenca. Holotype V. Pl. 6868.1, (A) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left), (B) sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206807/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Once they have penetrated the penis bulb, the vasa deferentia open separately into the ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory duct runs centrally and opens at the rounded tip of the penis papilla. This duct is lined with thick, nucleated epithelium into which the two
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A8879FF817754FE85BCFE6C5986DC" box="[316,375,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of glands open. The first
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A8879FF817754FD21BCFE6FE686DC" box="[664,712,152,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of gland produces a pale, cyanophilic and fine-grained secretion that is discharged into the central section of the ejaculatory duct. The second kind of secretion is also produced by glands that lie outside of the penis papilla and is discharged into the distal section of the duct. This secretion is very abundant and consists of coarse, erythrophilic granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF817754FCB4BD626E7E8770" box="[781,848,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,352,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1426,337,1922]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phagocata flamenca. Holotype V. Pl. 6868.1, (A) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left), (B) sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206807/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6653FF817754FF2EBBC46EA081B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206807/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[166,1421,352,1921]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF817754FF2EBBC46EA081B4" blockId="13.[151,1436,1954,2008]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF817754FF2EBBC46C3D81D4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1954,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF817754FEA3BBC56CC581D5" box="[282,491,1955,1977]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF817754FEA3BBC56CC581D5" box="[282,491,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phagocata flamenca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype V.Pl. 6868.1, (A) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left), (B) sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF827757FF7CBCF16FC58756" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Abundant glandular secretion is present throughout the mesenchyme of the penis papilla. The penis papilla is covered with thin epithelium that is underlain by a layer of circular muscle fibres. The hemispherical penis bulb is formed mostly by longitudinal muscles, with only a few circular muscle layers. In specimen V.Pl. 6868.1, the dorsal section of the male atrium is lined with thick epithelium that is underlain by a thin layer of circular muscle fibres, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal fibres.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF827757FF7CBD2368AF8423" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The paired, globular ovaries occupy about one-half of the dorsoventral diameter of the body and are located a short distance behind the brain. The oviducts run dorsally to the ventral nerve cords and curve dorsally at the level of the penis papilla, where they unite to form a common oviduct. This opens into the posterodorsal section of the male atrium. Shell glands discharge into the common oviduct. The large, rounded copulatory bursa lies between the hind wall of the pharyngeal pocket and the copulatory apparatus. It is lined with tall, vacuolated cells, which have nuclei mainly in a basal position and vacuoles in the apices. The bursal canal curves dorsally to the male atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A5EFF827757FF26BE736DCB8441" box="[159,229,533,557]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,352,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[166,1426,337,1922]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Phagocata flamenca. Holotype V. Pl. 6868.1, (A) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left), (B) sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206807/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The lining epithelium of the wide bursal canal bears distinct cilia and consists of nucleated cells surrounded by a subepithelial layer of circular muscle fibres, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscle fibres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6550FF827757FF7EBE3C699D859C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36DBFF827757FF7EBE3C699D859C" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FF7EBE3C6C62841F" bold="true" box="[199,332,602,627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
There is only one other species of freshwater planarian that has the same characteristic wave-like folds as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FF4ABE1B6CA884F9" box="[243,390,637,661]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FF4ABE1B6CA884F9" box="[243,390,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FF4ABE1B6C3B84F9" box="[243,277,637,661]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. flamenca
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on its body margin:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FDD5BE1B693384F9" authority="Stankovic, 1960" authorityName="Stankovic" authorityYear="1960" box="[620,1053,637,662]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FDD5BE1B6E7E84F9" box="[620,848,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Phagocata undulata</emphasis>
|
||
(Stankoviċ, 1960)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake Ohrid. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FAB5BE1B68B584F9" box="[1292,1435,637,661]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FAB5BE1B68B584F9" box="[1292,1435,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FAB5BE1B680084F9" box="[1292,1326,637,661]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. undulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“The lateral margins of the body are thrown into almost regular, wave-like curves and folds...” and the body “... margin has a row of short conical papillae” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B2AFF827757FD3DBEA46E2284B6" author="Kenk" box="[644,780,706,730]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Kenk, R. (1978) The planarians (Turbellaria: Tricladida Paludicola) of Lake Ohrid in Macedonia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 280, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1978">Kenk, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the body margin is also folded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FABBBEA568BA84B7" box="[1282,1428,707,731]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FABBBEA568BA84B7" box="[1282,1428,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FABBBEA5680A84B7" box="[1282,1316,707,731]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. flamenca
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the conical papillae are absent. Regarding anatomical features, the vasa deferentia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FBD4BE8369D18491" box="[1133,1279,741,765]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FBD4BE8369D18491" box="[1133,1279,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FBD4BE8369A18491" box="[1133,1167,741,765]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. undulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
penetrate the weak penis bulb from a medial direction, the penis papilla is conical, and the penis bulb lacks any reticulated tissue. In contrast, the vasa deferentia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FD90BF4D6FEF852F" box="[553,705,811,835]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FD90BF4D6FEF852F" box="[553,705,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FD90BF4D6F65852F" box="[553,587,811,835]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. flamenca
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
penetrate the penis bulb after a marked recurvature, the penis papilla is blunt, and the penis bulb presents a zone of reticulated tissue that is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FBD3BF2B69D48509" box="[1130,1274,845,869]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FBD3BF2B69D48509" box="[1130,1274,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FBD3BF2B69A28509" box="[1130,1164,845,869]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. undulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the proximal part of the ejaculatory duct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FDC1BF166E2685E4" box="[632,776,880,904]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FDC1BF166E2685E4" box="[632,776,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FDC1BF166FB485E4" box="[632,666,880,904]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. undulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is filled by a plug of cells, which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FABBBF1668BA85E4" box="[1282,1428,880,904]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FABBBF1668BA85E4" box="[1282,1428,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FABBBF16680A85E4" box="[1282,1316,880,904]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. flamenca
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distal section of the ejaculatory duct of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FD3BBFF56E3F85C7" box="[642,785,915,939]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FD3BBFF56E3F85C7" box="[642,785,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FD3BBFF56F8A85C7" box="[642,676,915,939]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. undulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually somewhat widened and lined with taller epithelium, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FECBBFD36F2885A1" box="[370,518,949,973]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FECBBFD36F2885A1" box="[370,518,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FECBBFD36CBA85A1" box="[370,404,949,973]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. flamenca
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the dorsal surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FC3EBFD3693685A1" box="[903,1048,949,973]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FC3EBFD3693685A1" box="[903,1048,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FC3EBFD36E8485A1" box="[903,938,949,973]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. undulata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is covered with an epithelium that lacks cilia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B2AFF827757FEAFBFB16CB38583" author="Kenk" box="[278,413,983,1007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Kenk, R. (1978) The planarians (Turbellaria: Tricladida Paludicola) of Lake Ohrid in Macedonia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 280, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1978">Kenk, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which contrasts with the dorsally ciliated epidermis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D58FF827757FBA1BFBE6982859C" box="[1048,1196,984,1008]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="flamenca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAC9FF827757FBA1BFBE6982859C" box="[1048,1196,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336764BFF827757FBA1BFBE6914859C" box="[1048,1082,984,1008]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ph</collectingCountry>
|
||
. flamenca
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |