treatments-xml/data/03/87/76/038776236240FFFB2DEFB18DFA7A5DB2.xml

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<mods:title id="3BC9C596439E5E34B340DCCDD89FBC3E">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6240FFE52DEFB18DFDD1594A" box="[151,566,1014,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB18DFDD1594A" blockId="6.[151,566,1014,1041]" box="[151,566,1014,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB18DFDD1594A" bold="true" box="[151,566,1014,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52D96B18CFDD1594A" ID-CoL="8KVXP" ID-ENA="177489" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[238,566,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52D96B18CFEA1594B" bold="true" box="[238,326,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52C36B18CFDD1594A" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[334,566,1014,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="25 - 118" refId="ref112373" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes orientales, et de contrees analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques, 8 [1859], 25 - 118." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB640FCC3590E" blockId="6.[151,804,1083,1108]" box="[151,804,1083,1108]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB640FEC05909" bold="true" box="[151,295,1083,1107]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type-species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52C56B640FDB35909" ID-CoL="4DKP5" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[302,596,1083,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52C56B640FE2E5909" bold="true" box="[302,457,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena bicolor</emphasis>
Motschulsky
</taxonomicName>
, fixed by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6240FFE52DEFB602FBE458FE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB602FD065994" blockId="6.[151,1437,1144,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52DEFB602FE3959CB" ID-CoL="8KVXP" authority="Motschulsky, 1860: 31" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,478,1144,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB602FF0459CA" bold="true" box="[151,227,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52D95B603FE3959CB" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[237,478,1144,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="25 - 118" refId="ref112373" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes orientales, et de contrees analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques, 8 [1859], 25 - 118." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860: 31</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52C94B603FD2159CB" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[492,710,1144,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="188 - 268" refId="ref110168" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1877) Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 52 (2), 188 - 268." type="journal article" year="1877">Chaudoir, 1877: 207</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52FABB603FC5359CB" author="Peringuey, L." box="[723,948,1144,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="99 - 623" refId="ref112650" refString="Peringuey, L. (1896) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa. Part II. Cicindelidae supplement. Carabidae. The Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 7, 99 - 623." type="journal article" year="1896">Peringuey, 1896: 242</bibRefCitation>
, (misspelled as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52927B602FB4D59CA" ID-CoL="8LSL4" authority="Péringuey, 1896" box="[1119,1194,1145,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pazena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52927B602FB4D59CA" box="[1119,1194,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pazena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE529BAB603FA7F59CA" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[1218,1432,1144,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref109566" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1928) On the types of Oriental Carabidae described by V. de Motschulsky. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1928. tb 01185. x" type="journal article" year="1928">Andrewes, 1928: 16</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52DBFB6ECFE6B59F5" author="Jeannel, R." box="[199,396,1175,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="767 - 1146" refId="ref111235" refString="Jeannel, R. (1949) Faune de l'Empire francais. XI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region malgache (troisieme partie). Paris: Librairie Larose, 767 - 1146." type="book chapter" year="1949">Jeannel, 1949: 971</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52CE0B6ECFD8359F5" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[408,612,1175,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="269 - 579" refId="ref111456" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579." type="journal article" year="1963">Jedlička, 1963: 439</bibRefCitation>
; Habu, 1967: 149; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52E53B6ECFC3C59F5" author="Habu, A." box="[811,987,1175,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="83 - 118" refId="ref110913" refString="Habu, A. (1982) Revised and supplementary notes on and descriptions of the Truncatipennes group of Japan (2) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan, 37 (2), 83 - 118." type="journal article" year="1982">Habu, 1982: 109</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52E9FB6ECFB5759F5" author="Shpeley, D." box="[999,1200,1175,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="261 - 349" refId="ref112949" refString="Shpeley, D. (1986) Genera of the subtribe Metallicina and classification, reconstructed phylogeny and geographical history of the species of Euproctinus Leng and Mutchler (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22 (4), 261 - 349." type="journal article" year="1986">Shpeley, 1986: 269</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE529C4B6ECFA7F59F5" author="Xie, W. P. &amp; Yu, P. Y." box="[1212,1432,1175,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="185 - 195" refId="ref113326" refString="Xie, W. P. &amp; Yu, P. Y. (1993) On the Chinese species of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sinozoologia, 10, 185 - 195." type="journal article" year="1993">Xie &amp; Yu, 1993: 185</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52DBFB6CDFE3D5994" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[199,474,1206,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="999 - 1067" refId="ref111570" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (1994) Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 26, 999 - 1067." type="journal article" year="1994">Kirschenhofer, 1994: 1022</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52C9CB6CDFD3B5994" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[484,732,1206,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref111612" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="2006">Kirschenhofer, 2006: 87</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB6AFFB795851" blockId="6.[151,1437,1144,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52DEFB6AFFE1059B6" ID-CoL="8LSMH" authority="Macleay, 1871: 85" authorityName="Macleay" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,503,1236,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phloeodromius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB6AFFED159B6" bold="true" box="[151,310,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phloeodromius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52C44B6AFFE1059B6" author="Macleay, W. J." box="[316,503,1236,1261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="79 - 205" refId="ref112153" refString="Macleay, W. J. (1871) Notes on a collection of insects from Gayndah. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, 2 [1873], 79 - 205." type="journal article" year="1871">Macleay, 1871: 85</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52FE8B6AFFC3359B6" ID-CoL="77C4T" authority="Macleay" authorityName="Macleay" box="[656,980,1236,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phloeodromius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52FE8B6AFFC9059B6" bold="true" box="[656,887,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phloeodromius piceus</emphasis>
Macleay
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52917B6AFFAC059B7" author="Sloane, T. G." box="[1135,1319,1236,1261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="444 - 520" refId="ref112997" refString="Sloane, T. G. (1898) On Carabidae from West Australia, sent by Mr. A. M. Lea (with descriptions of new genera and species, synoptic tables &amp; c.). The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 23, 444 - 520." type="journal article" year="1898">Sloane, 1898: 493</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52857B6AFFED75851" author="Andrewes, H. E." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="469 - 483" refId="ref109369" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1919) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. - I. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 3, 469 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931908673846" type="journal article" year="1919">Andrewes, 1919: 483</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52C41B688FDF15851" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[313,534,1267,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="145 - 195" refId="ref109413" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1921) Notes on synonymy and on some types of Oriental Carabidae in various foreign collections. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1921, 145 - 195." type="journal article" year="1921">Andrewes, 1921: 179</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52F67B688FD0C5851" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[543,747,1267,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref109566" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1928) On the types of Oriental Carabidae described by V. de Motschulsky. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1928. tb 01185. x" type="journal article" year="1928">Andrewes, 1928: 16</bibRefCitation>
(synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52EC3B68FFB745851" ID-CoL="8KVXP" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[955,1171,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52EC3B68FFBE25851" box="[955,1029,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena</emphasis>
Motschulsky
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB769FB555812" blockId="6.[151,1437,1144,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52DEFB769FE305870" ID-CoL="8LT6Z" authority="Peringuey, 1898: 324" authorityName="Peringuey" authorityPageNumber="324" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,471,1298,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Umgenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB769FF105870" bold="true" box="[151,247,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Umgenia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52D85B769FE305870" author="Peringuey, L." box="[253,471,1298,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="315 - 374" refId="ref112689" refString="Peringuey, L. (1898) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa. Family Carabidae. First supplement. The Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 10, 315 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21560382.1897.9525939" type="journal article" year="1898">Peringuey, 1898: 324</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52F0BB769FC215870" ID-CoL="7DGCH" authority="Peringuey" authorityName="Peringuey" authorityYear="1898" box="[627,966,1297,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Umgenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formidulosa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52F0BB769FCBF5873" bold="true" box="[627,856,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Umgenia formidulosa</emphasis>
Peringuey
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE5291CB769FADB5870" author="Peringuey, L." box="[1124,1340,1298,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="167 - 299" refId="ref112736" refString="Peringuey, L. (1904) Sixth contribution of the South African Coleopterous fauna. Annals of South African Museum, 3, 167 - 299." type="journal article" year="1904">Peringuey, 1904: 296</bibRefCitation>
(synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52C47B74BFDEE5812" ID-CoL="8KXR3" authority="Chaudoir" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1873" box="[319,521,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52C47B74BFE475812" box="[319,416,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metallica</emphasis>
Chaudoir
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52F62B74BFCE75813" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[538,768,1328,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="205 - 224" refId="ref109918" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1961) Sur les types de Carabidae africains decrits par V. Motschulsky. Bulletin et Annales Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 97, 205 - 224." type="journal article" year="1961">Basilewsky, 1961: 213</bibRefCitation>
(synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52EA8B74AFB4F5812" ID-CoL="8KVXP" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[976,1192,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52EA8B74AFBFD5812" box="[976,1050,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena</emphasis>
Motschulsky
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB734FC7C58DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1144,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52DEFB734FE58583D" ID-CoL="8LSRN" authority="Fairmaire, 1899: 76" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,447,1359,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prymira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB734FF0A583D" bold="true" box="[151,237,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Prymira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52D8CB734FE58583D" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[244,447,1359,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="76 - 78" refId="ref110582" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1899) Description de coleopteres nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Scoiete Entomologique de France, 1899, 76 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1899.22305" type="journal article" year="1899">Fairmaire, 1899: 76</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Type-species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52F23B734FC69583D" ID-CoL="77ZQN" authority="Fairmaire" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1899" box="[603,910,1359,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prymira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52F23B734FCC5583D" bold="true" box="[603,802,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Prymira stigmatica</emphasis>
Fairmaire
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52954B734FB04583D" author="Alluaud, C." box="[1068,1251,1359,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917: 87</bibRefCitation>
(subgen. of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE5281BB72BFEF958DC" ID-CoL="8KWFM" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE5281BB72BFEF958DC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52C4CB715FE0E58DC" author="Csiki, E." box="[308,489,1390,1414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1279 - 1598" refId="ref110330" refString="Csiki, E. (1932) Carabidae: Harpalinae VII (Pars 124). In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (eds.), Coleopterorum catalogus. Volumen III. Carabidae III. Berlin: W. Junk, 1933 pp. [pp. 1279 - 1598.]" type="book chapter" year="1932">Csiki, 1932: 1455</bibRefCitation>
(synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52FC1B714FC7658DC" ID-CoL="8KVXP" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[697,913,1390,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52FC1B714FCE458DC" box="[697,771,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena</emphasis>
Motschulsky
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB7F7FBE458FE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1144,1445]" box="[151,1027,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52DEFB7F7FE0F58FF" ID-CoL="8LRSH" authority="Fairmaire, 1901: 122" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,488,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Euprymira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB7F7FEEE58FE" bold="true" box="[151,265,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Euprymira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52C68B7F7FE0F58FF" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[272,488,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="101 - 248" refId="ref110622" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1901) Materiaux pour la faune coleopterique de la region Malagache (11 Note). Revue d'Entomologie, 20, 101 - 248." type="journal article" year="1901">Fairmaire, 1901: 122</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. redundant replacement name for 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52E38B7F6FC7558FE" box="[832,914,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Prymire</emphasis>
Fairmaire.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6240FFF62DEFB7A9FDA75DA3" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DEFB7A9FECA58B6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1490,1949]" box="[151,301,1490,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB7A9FECA58B6" bold="true" box="[151,301,1490,1516]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Recognition.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DBFB78CFD9F5A57" blockId="6.[151,1436,1490,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
In addition to the characters states of subtribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52FB0B78CFBDD5B4B" authority="(Shpeley, 1986: 268)" baseAuthorityName="Shpeley" baseAuthorityPageNumber="268" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[712,1082,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Metallicina">
Metallicina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46240FFE52E2EB78CFBD55B4B" author="Shpeley, D." box="[854,1074,1527,1553]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="261 - 349" refId="ref112949" refString="Shpeley, D. (1986) Genera of the subtribe Metallicina and classification, reconstructed phylogeny and geographical history of the species of Euproctinus Leng and Mutchler (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22 (4), 261 - 349." type="journal article" year="1986">Shpeley, 1986: 268</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, adults of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52865B78CFA895B4A" box="[1309,1390,1527,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52865B78CFA895B4A" box="[1309,1390,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by: Head and pronotum yellowish brown to piceous, not metallic; elytra color various, unicolor or with pattern, metallic or not; antennomeres 5–11 with sensory pits on ventral and dorsal surfaces; elytral interval 9 less than half width of normal intervals; each claw with six to ten long pectinations; male mesotarsi with biseriate adhesive setae ventrally. Endophallus of male genitalia with a well chitinized primary sclerite; without flagellum or with flagellum much shorter than aedeagus (compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52E38B4D0FC2F5B9E" authorityName="Leng &amp; Mutchler" authorityYear="1927" box="[832,968,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Euproctinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52E38B4D0FC2F5B9E" box="[832,968,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Euproctinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); without a group of spines (compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52DEFB4B4FEE55BB3" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,258,1743,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB4B4FEE55BB3" box="[151,258,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52C44B4B4FE375BB3" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[316,464,1743,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pachycallida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52C44B4B4FE375BB3" box="[316,464,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pachycallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Gonocoxite II of female ovipositor subquadrate or dichotomous, with four to seven ensiform setae, without membranous apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356240FFE52DBFB56CFB985AC7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1490,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Compared with other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52CBFB56CFDFF5A6B" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[455,536,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lebiini">Lebiini</taxonomicName>
genera showing similar appearances (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52969B56CFB965A6B" box="[1041,1137,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calleida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52969B56CFB965A6B" box="[1041,1137,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calleida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE529FBB56CFB185A6B" box="[1155,1279,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paraphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE529FBB56CFB185A6B" box="[1155,1279,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paraphaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52869B56CFA6B5A6B" box="[1297,1420,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Peliocypas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52869B56CFA6B5A6B" box="[1297,1420,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peliocypas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66240FFE52DEFB540FF0F5A0E" box="[151,232,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276240FFE52DEFB540FF0F5A0E" box="[151,232,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the combination of following external features: mandibles strongly widened; mentum without median tooth; apex of glossal sclerite with four or more apical setae; terminal palpomeres fusiform; cleaning spur close to inner margin of protibia; tarsomeres 4 bilobed; claws strongly pectinate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356241FFE42DEFB2ECFED65DEB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2031]" box="[151,305,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DEFB2ECFED65DEB" bold="true" box="[151,305,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Morphology.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356241FFE42DBFB2C1FB7A5DAD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DBFB2C1FE6E5D8E" bold="true" box="[199,393,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">General features</emphasis>
: Members of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42F08B2C0FD265D8E" box="[624,705,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42F08B2C0FD265D8E" box="[624,705,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are median-sized truncatipennes ground beetles, body length between 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06241FFE42D99B2A6FE9F5DA2" box="[225,376,221,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.7" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.7" valueMin="6.3">6.3–11.7 mm</quantity>
; body form sub-depressed, slightly widened at the apical third of elytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356241FFE42DBFB37BFE6C5EE8" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DBFB37BFEEF5C41" bold="true" box="[199,264,256,283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Color</emphasis>
: The head uniformly reddish brown to piceous in most species. Frons with a triangular red patch in some dark species of subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42CBAB35FFDF45C67" box="[450,531,292,317]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42CBAB35FFDF45C67" box="[450,531,292,317]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42F33B358FD045C67" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[587,739,291,317]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42F33B358FD045C67" box="[587,739,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Clypeus same color as frons or paler (in some dark species). Mouthparts slightly paler than the head in most species, with terminal palpomeres gradually lightened to apex. Antennomere 1 yellowish or reddish brown, slightly paler than head in most species. Antennomeres 2–4 same color as antennomere 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06241FFE42C35B3F7FE9F5CFC" box="[333,376,396,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
most species, but nearly black in some species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42EADB3F6FBAA5CFC" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[981,1101,397,422]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42EADB3F6FBAA5CFC" box="[981,1101,397,422]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Antennomeres 5–11, and also the apical half of antennomere 4 darkened in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42E9EB3D4FB9B5C93" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[998,1148,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42E9EB3D4FB9B5C93" box="[998,1148,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and part of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42DEFB3A8FF0F5CB6" box="[151,232,467,492]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DEFB3A8FF0F5CB6" box="[151,232,467,492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but same color as basal antennomeres in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42E01B3A9FBF65CB6" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[889,1041,466,492]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42E01B3A9FBF65CB6" box="[889,1041,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and part of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE4283CB3A8FA725CB6" box="[1348,1429,467,492]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE4283CB3A8FA725CB6" box="[1348,1429,467,492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pronotum with disc same color as the head, usually without a well-defined pattern, but with a pair of black stripes in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42DCDB062FEB65F68" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[181,337,537,562]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DCDB062FEB65F68" box="[181,337,537,562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. emarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42C21B063FE7E5F68" bold="true" box="[345,409,536,562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6241FFE42C21B063FE7E5F68" box="[345,409,536,562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; lateral explanations somewhat lighter than disc. Elytral colors varied: uniformly brown or metallic, with diverse dark or light patterns, or with black or metallic lateral stripes. For some of those patterned species, the style of elytra pattern is stable and has importance in species determination; but in other cases, the elytra patterns present dimorphism (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42F16B0F9FD0C5FC1" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[622,747,641,667]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42F16B0F9FD0C5FC1" box="[622,747,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or pleomorphism (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42973B0F9FB665FC1" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1035,1153,641,667]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42973B0F9FB665FC1" box="[1035,1153,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. fasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or are varied individually (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42C71B0DFFE495FE4" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[265,430,676,702]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42C71B0DFFE495FE4" box="[265,430,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or in different geographical populations (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42EBFB0DFFBA55FE4" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[967,1090,676,702]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42EBFB0DFFBA55FE4" box="[967,1090,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. malaisei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The entire venter same color as the pronotum in most species, with the exceptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42E77B0BCFC9E5FBB" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[783,889,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42E77B0BCFC9E5FBB" box="[783,889,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42EF8B0BCFC275FBB" bold="true" box="[896,960,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6241FFE42EF8B0BCFC275FBB" box="[896,960,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42E8FB0BCFB7B5FBB" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1015,1180,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42E8FB0BCFB7B5FBB" box="[1015,1180,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE429DCB0BCFB035FBB" bold="true" box="[1188,1252,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6241FFE429DCB0BCFB035FBB" box="[1188,1252,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, which have the metasternum much darker than other parts. Major parts of the legs are usually in the same color as the pronotum. Femora are unicolor in most species, but those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42FBBB176FCCA5E7C" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[707,813,781,806]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42FBBB176FCCA5E7C" box="[707,813,781,806]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. picipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42E4CB176FC945E7D" bold="true" box="[820,883,781,807]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6241FFE42E4CB176FC945E7D" box="[820,883,781,807]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are black at the apical half. Tibiae are usually the same color as the apical half of femora, with the only exception that the tibiae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE4295BB14BFB705E13" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. E" authorityYear="1933" box="[1059,1175,815,841]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruralis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE4295BB14BFB705E13" box="[1059,1175,815,841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. cruralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are black in contrast to the pale yellow femora. Tarsomeres are the same color as the femora and tibiae for most species, but slightly lighter in some dark species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42CB1B10DFDD85ED5" authorityName="Mateu. F" authorityYear="1977" box="[457,575,885,911]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42CB1B10DFDD85ED5" box="[457,575,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or distinctly darkened in all members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42932B10DFB255ED5" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1098,1218,886,911]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42932B10DFB255ED5" box="[1098,1218,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and some of these African species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356241FFE42DBFB1C0FE985964" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DBFB1C0FE9F5E8C" bold="true" box="[199,376,955,982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Microsculpture</emphasis>
: Head and pronotum without microsculpture. Labrum with distinct isodiametric microsculpture. Elytra without microsculpture or with shallow isodiametric microsculpture (no species with transverse microsculpture). The presence of elytral microsculpture has no sexual dimorphism but is sometimes variable within species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42DAFB65EFE895964" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[215,366,1061,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DAFB65EFE895964" box="[215,366,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356241FFE42DBFB63DFDDE5B10" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DBFB63DFEE2593B" bold="true" box="[199,261,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Head</emphasis>
: Vertex shallowly swollen, with surface smooth or finely punctate. Dorsal surface of the head without accessory setae, but with sparse short setae behind the vertex in some species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42933B610FB3359DE" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1099,1236,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42933B610FB3359DE" box="[1099,1236,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Frons with a Vshaped depression in the middle, shallow in some species but always recognizable. Frontal furrows shallow and wide, terminated before midpoint of the eyes. Frontoclypeal suture distinct in most species, but partly fused at the middle in some species. Clypeus subquadrate and bisetose. Eyes very large, hemispheric, and strongly convex. Tempora abruptly narrowed, very short with length approximately one-eighth diameter of eye in most species, but much longer in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42C51B762FE635868" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[297,388,1305,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42C51B762FE635868" box="[297,388,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (one-third to half diameter of eye). Head behind the tempora constricted, parallel-sided, forming the neck-constriction. The sum of the length of the neck-constriction and tempora (namely the distance between the posterior margins of eyes and pronotal anterior angles) is approximately one-third the diameter of the eye in most species, but more than two-thirds of the diameter of the eye in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42EA3B7F9FBD058C1" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[987,1079,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42EA3B7F9FBD058C1" box="[987,1079,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Postgenae with a pair of long suborbital setae close to the gular sutures in all species of subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42EB0B7DFFBB958E4" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[968,1118,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42EB0B7DFFBB958E4" box="[968,1118,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE429EAB7DFFACD58E4" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1170,1322,1444,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE429EAB7DFFACD58E4" box="[1170,1322,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06241FFE42841B7DFFA7758E4" box="[1337,1424,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Suborbital setae are similar length to the supraorbital setae, but are short (less than half length of the supraorbital setae) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42D87B790FE425B5E" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[255,421,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42D87B790FE425B5E" box="[255,421,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42CD5B791FE095B5E" bold="true" box="[429,494,1514,1540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6241FFE42CD5B791FE095B5E" box="[429,494,1514,1540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
In the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42FC8B790FCE65B5E" box="[688,769,1515,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42FC8B790FCE65B5E" box="[688,769,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the suborbital setae absent (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06241FFE42934B791FB475B5E" box="[1100,1184,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) for most species, but present in species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42CC9B475FDF85B7D" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[433,543,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42CC9B475FDF85B7D" box="[433,543,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42F20B475FD0D5B7D" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1899" box="[600,746,1550,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prymira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42F20B475FD0D5B7D" box="[600,746,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. stigmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups. In a few individuals of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE429FAB475FAEB5B7D" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1154,1292,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE429FAB475FAEB5B7D" box="[1154,1292,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, there are two suborbital setae on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356241FFE42DBFB428FB165AB4" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42DBFB428FED05B37" bold="true" box="[199,311,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Antennae</emphasis>
: Similar to other arboreal groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42FB2B428FCF95B37" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[714,798,1619,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lebiini">Lebiini</taxonomicName>
, members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42ECAB42FFBE45B37" box="[946,1027,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42ECAB42FFBE45B37" box="[946,1027,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have relatively short antennae, barely extended to the base of pronotum in the subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42F81B40DFC685BCA" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[761,911,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42F81B40DFC685BCA" box="[761,911,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42EB0B40CFBC75BCA" box="[968,1056,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42EB0B40CFBFB5BCA" box="[968,1052,1655,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parena</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
extended about one antennomere length beyond the elytral base in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42FD7B4E2FCA05BE9" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[687,839,1689,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42FD7B4E2FCA05BE9" box="[687,839,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Antennomere 1 thick and arcuate, with a depressed posterior surface (accommodating the convex eyes), with dorsal-posterior margin distinctly ridged and ventral-posterior margin indistinctly ridged. Antennomere 1 with two primary setae near the apex, with the ventral one less than half length of the dorsal one (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06241FFE42CA4B57AFD755A46" box="[476,658,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 1A, 1B, 1C</figureCitation>
) in most species, but only slightly shorter in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE429D5B579FAFE5A41" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1197,1305,1794,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE429D5B579FAFE5A41" box="[1197,1305,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06241FFE42817B57AFF5B5A65" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Antennomere 2 has two primary setae of similar length near the apex. Antennomere 3 has five or six primary setae forming the apical ring. The accessory setae on antennomeres 1–3 are absent or represented only by sparse, very short and fine ones in the subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42F0DB511FCEC5ADE" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[629,779,1898,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42F0DB511FCEC5ADE" box="[629,779,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42E3CB510FC725ADE" box="[836,917,1899,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42E3CB510FC725ADE" box="[836,917,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06241FFE42EDEB511FB815ADE" box="[934,1126,1898,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 1A, 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
). Accessory setae are more abundant and longer in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66241FFE42F4DB5F6FD2A5AFD" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[565,717,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276241FFE42F4DB5F6FD2A5AFD" box="[565,717,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with one or two of them on the antennomere 2 of similar length to the primary ones (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06241FFE42CF9B5CBFE3E5A90" box="[385,473,1968,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). The apical half of antennomere 4 and all of the following more distal antennomeres are pubescent. Sensory pits are on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of antennomeres 5–11 (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06241FFE429F5B5AFFB045AB4" box="[1165,1251,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD624EFFEB2DEFB166FCC05E9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,797,821]" targetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C735624EFFEB2DEFB166FCC05E9F" blockId="8.[151,1437,797,965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DEFB166FEEA5E6F" bold="true" box="[151,269,797,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Antennae and mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2F45B165FD285E6F" box="[573,719,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2F45B165FD605E6F" box="[573,647,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2FC5B166FD285E6F" bold="true" box="[701,719,797,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2FB7B166FD095E6F" bold="true" box="[719,750,797,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">–D</emphasis>
Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DEFB13AFF4E5E03" bold="true" box="[151,169,833,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2DCAB139FDD55E03" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[178,562,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DCAB139FF265E03" box="[178,193,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DA1B13AFE865E03" box="[217,353,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2C0AB139FE395E03" box="[370,478,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2F47B13AFDB75E03" bold="true" box="[575,592,833,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2F20B139FC145E03" authority="(Andrewes)" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[600,1011,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2F20B139FD805E03" box="[600,615,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2F07B13AFCEE5E03" box="[639,777,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2E62B13AFC975E03" box="[794,880,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">malaisei</emphasis>
(Andrewes)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2E87B13AFBF65E03" bold="true" box="[1023,1041,833,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2962B139FA875E03" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1050,1376,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2962B139FBCE5E03" box="[1050,1065,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2939B139FB6C5E03" box="[1089,1163,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB29E4B13AFB155E03" box="[1180,1266,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">africana</emphasis>
(Alluaud)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2813B13AFA9A5E03" bold="true" box="[1387,1405,833,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB28FEB139FEB95E27" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB28FEB139FA725E03" box="[1414,1429,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DD8B11DFF0D5E27" box="[160,234,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2D82B11EFEB95E27" box="[250,350,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ruficornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2C1EB11EFE5D5E27" bold="true" box="[358,442,869,893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624EFFEB2C1EB11EFE465E27" box="[358,417,869,893]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
E
</emphasis>
Antennomeres 7–11 of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2FCDB11DFBCE5E27" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[693,1065,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2FCDB11DFD2E5E27" box="[693,713,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2FA1B11DFCC45E27" box="[729,803,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2E4BB11EFC485E27" box="[819,943,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">nigrolineata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2D97B1F2FEF85EFB" bold="true" box="[239,287,905,929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F–G</emphasis>
Labrum of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2CE5B1F1FCFE5EFB" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[413,793,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2CE5B1F1FE565EFB" box="[413,433,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2CB9B1F2FDAE5EFB" box="[449,585,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2F21B1F1FD225EFB" box="[601,709,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2EF8B1F2FC685EFB" bold="true" box="[896,911,905,929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
dorsal surface. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB294EB1F2FBAD5EFB" bold="true" box="[1078,1098,905,929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
ventral surface. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2981B1F2FAEA5EFB" bold="true" box="[1273,1293,905,929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
Maxilla of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB28F2B1F1FE135E9F" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB28F2B1F1FA7A5EFB" box="[1418,1437,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DD8B1D6FECF5E9F" box="[160,296,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2C4EB1D5FE455E9F" box="[310,418,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624EFFEB2DBFB195FDFE592E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1006,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DBFB195FEA95953" bold="true" box="[199,334,1006,1033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: Labrum (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2CBCB195FDA05952" box="[452,583,1006,1032]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1F, 1G</figureCitation>
) nearly quadrate or very slightly dilated towards the apex, length about two-thirds of width. with six apical setae almost evenly arranged. Apical margin nearly straight in most species (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB283AB669FA745976" box="[1346,1427,1042,1068]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
) or slightly convex, very weakly emarginate in several species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2EE1B64CFBD6590A" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[921,1073,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2EE1B64CFBD6590A" box="[921,1073,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and distinctly emarginate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2DCCB620FEA8592E" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[180,335,1115,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DCCB620FEA8592E" box="[180,335,1115,1140]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. emarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2C2FB621FE71592E" bold="true" box="[343,406,1114,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624EFFEB2C2FB621FE71592E" box="[343,406,1114,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2CDDB621FDEB592E" box="[421,524,1114,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1595,1619]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,707,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-274@78.[151,1436,705,1572]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 46. Parena (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 46C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624EFFEB2DBFB605FA7A5886" blockId="8.[151,1437,1006,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Mandibles widened, with arcuate external edges and strongly extended mandibular scrobes, conspicuously widened in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2CEEB6D9FDCB59E6" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[406,556,1186,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2CEEB6D9FDCB59E6" box="[406,556,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2F1DB6D8FD5159E6" box="[613,694,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2F1DB6D8FD5159E6" box="[613,694,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with each roughly semicircular (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB294DB6D9FB2359E6" box="[1077,1220,1186,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2A, 2B</figureCitation>
), and less widened in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2C5AB6BDFE5D59BA" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[290,442,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2C5AB6BDFE5D59BA" box="[290,442,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with each rounded-triangular (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2E63B6BDFC3359BA" box="[795,980,1222,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2C, 2D, 2E</figureCitation>
). Mandibular apices very shortly hooked and suddenly turned inward, but slightly more elongate and less turned inward in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2955B690FB35585E" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1069,1234,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2955B690FB35585E" box="[1069,1234,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB29A2B691FAFE585E" bold="true" box="[1242,1305,1258,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624EFFEB29A2B691FAFE585E" box="[1242,1305,1258,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2851B691FA6A585E" box="[1321,1421,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
). Left mandible with inner edge of the apical hook formed by the shortened terebral ridge and the cutting edge formed by the retinacular ridge. Right mandible with the cutting edge formed by the terebral ridge. Retinacular ridge of right mandible reduced to a retinacular tooth (rr in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2FEDB72DFCF9582A" box="[661,798,1366,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2A, 2B</figureCitation>
) in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2EBBB72DFBBE582A" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[963,1113,1366,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2EBBB72DFBBE582A" box="[963,1113,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB29F7B72CFB07582A" box="[1167,1248,1367,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB29F7B72CFB07582A" box="[1167,1248,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but present as a shortened ridge in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2CB6B701FD8158CE" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[462,614,1402,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2CB6B701FD8158CE" box="[462,614,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In most species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2E42B701FC3558CE" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[826,978,1402,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2E42B701FC3558CE" box="[826,978,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rr in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB296AB701FB7258CE" box="[1042,1173,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2C, 2E</figureCitation>
), its length is about one-third of the terebral ridge in ventral view, but more than half of the terebral ridge in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2941B7E4FB3B58E2" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1081,1244,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2941B7E4FB3B58E2" box="[1081,1244,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB299BB7E5FAC558E2" bold="true" box="[1251,1314,1438,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624EFFEB299BB7E5FAC558E2" box="[1251,1314,1438,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2848B7E5FA7358E2" box="[1328,1428,1438,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2DBEB7B8FEDC5886" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[198,315,1475,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DBEB7B8FEDC5886" box="[198,315,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. taiwana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rr in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2CFAB7B9FE3C5886" box="[386,475,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Ventral grooves present, more than two-thirds length of the mandibular mesal edges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624EFFEB2DBFB79DFCE45B13" blockId="8.[151,1437,1006,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Maxillae (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2C43B79DFE715B5A" box="[315,406,1510,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
): apex of lacinia strongly hooked, with a smooth inner curved surface. Terminal maxillary palpomeres fusiform in both sexes, glabrous and longer than the penultimate palpomere. Penultimate and antepenultimate palpomeres with several short setae near apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624EFFEB2DBFB428FD875AA3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1006,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D7624EFFEB2DBFB428FEC15B37" box="[199,294,1619,1645]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mentum</collectingRegion>
varied in shape, without a median tooth, with a pair of setae in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2901B429FAF65B36" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1145,1297,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2901B429FAF65B36" box="[1145,1297,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2833B428FA7B5B36" box="[1355,1436,1619,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2833B428FA7B5B36" box="[1355,1436,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(very short in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2C10B40CFDE85BCA" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[360,527,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2C10B40CFDE85BCA" box="[360,527,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2F32B40CFD315BCA" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[586,726,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2F32B40CFD315BCA" box="[586,726,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. latecincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups) and without such setae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2915B40DFAE45BCA" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[1133,1283,1654,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2915B40DFAE45BCA" box="[1133,1283,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2DEFB4E1FECA5BEE" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[151,301,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DEFB4E1FECA5BEE" box="[151,301,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2C46B4E1FE7D5BEE" box="[318,410,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), lateral lobes extremely large, with inner margins nearly straight and outer margins fully arcuate; apices of lateral lobes widely rounded and extended well beyond the very narrow epilobes. In subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2DEFB498FF0F5BA6" box="[151,232,1763,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2DEFB498FF0F5BA6" box="[151,232,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2C67B499FE505BA6" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[287,439,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2C67B499FE505BA6" box="[287,439,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2CBFB499FD655BA6" box="[455,642,1762,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3B, 3C, 3D</figureCitation>
), lateral lobes relatively short, with inner margins more or less oblique and outer margins nearly straight or arcuate, and the epilobes relatively wide; apices of lateral lobes narrowly rounded or slightly angulate, only slightly extended beyond the epilobes in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2929B550FB455A1E" box="[1105,1186,1835,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2929B550FB455A1E" box="[1105,1186,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB29C9B551FAEF5A1E" box="[1201,1288,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), but the epilobes extended beyond the lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624EFFEB2F26B535FD0F5A32" box="[606,744,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3C, 3D</figureCitation>
) in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624EFFEB2EFBB535FBFC5A32" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[899,1051,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624EFFEB2EFBB535FBFC5A32" box="[899,1051,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Glossal sclerite apically truncate, with two to four pairs of setae, the paramedian pair longer than the others. Paraglossae fused to the glossal sclerite, with apices membranous and setose. Terminal labial palpomeres fusiform or subcylindrical, similar in both sexes. Terminal and penultimate labial palpomeres shortly setose, the penultimate palpomere with two long setae on the inner margin and one on the dorsal apex.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD624FFFEA2DEFB546FB705A98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" targetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C735624FFFEA2DEFB546FB705A98" blockId="9.[151,1437,1853,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2DEFB546FEEA5A0F" bold="true" box="[151,269,1853,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Mandibles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624FFFEA2CDCB545FDC65A0F" box="[420,545,1854,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2CDCB545FE095A0F" box="[420,494,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parena</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2C04B51AFE695A23" bold="true" box="[380,398,1889,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624FFFEA2CEEB519FCF75A20" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[406,784,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2CEEB519FE425A23" box="[406,421,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2CC3B519FDA45A20" box="[443,579,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2F2AB519FD595A23" box="[594,702,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Shaanxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2E02B519FC6C5A20" bold="true" box="[890,907,1890,1914]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624FFFEA2EEAB519FB205A20" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[914,1223,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2EEAB519FC465A23" box="[914,929,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2EC0B519FBE55A23" box="[952,1026,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2969B519FB925A20" box="[1041,1141,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">latecincta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Zhejiang. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2841B51AFAAC5A23" bold="true" box="[1337,1355,1889,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624FFFEA282AB519FE075AC4" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA282AB519FA865A23" box="[1362,1377,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2800B519FEE25AC4" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2C6BB5FDFE915AC4" box="[275,374,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Guangxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2F35B5FDFDB85AC4" bold="true" box="[589,607,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624FFFEA2F1DB5FDFC425AC7" authority="Hua" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[613,933,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2F1DB5FDFD935AC7" box="[613,628,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2FF1B5FDFCF45AC4" box="[649,787,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2E59B5FDFC945AC7" box="[801,883,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">taiwana</emphasis>
Hua
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA297CB5FDFBF25AC4" bold="true" box="[1028,1045,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624FFFEA2963B5FDFA7F5AC4" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1051,1432,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2963B5FDFBCD5AC7" box="[1051,1066,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2946B5FDFB2F5AC4" box="[1086,1224,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA29AEB5FDFAA05AC7" box="[1238,1351,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">tripunctata</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2F2EB5D1FD8B5A98" bold="true" box="[598,620,1962,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">rr</emphasis>
retinacular ridge of right mandible; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624FFFEA2EA5B5D1FC115A98" bold="true" box="[989,1014,1962,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vg</emphasis>
ventral groove.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5197BD624CFFE92DEFB10AFD195EAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,881,905]" targetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C735624CFFE92DEFB10AFD195EAF" blockId="10.[151,1436,881,1013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92DEFB10AFEE85ED3" bold="true" box="[151,271,881,905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92C66B10AFEA85ED3" bold="true" box="[286,335,881,905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A–D</emphasis>
Labia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92CC0B109FDDF5ED2" box="[440,568,881,905]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92CC0B109FDE55ED3" box="[440,514,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parena</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92F3CB10AFDB15ED3" bold="true" box="[580,598,881,905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92F27B109FC395ED3" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[607,990,881,905]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92F27B109FD895ED3" box="[607,622,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92FFDB10AFCEA5ED3" box="[645,781,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92E66B109FC6D5ED3" box="[798,906,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE9293DB10AFBB15ED3" bold="true" box="[1093,1110,881,905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92927B109FA7F5ED3" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1119,1432,881,905]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92927B109FB895ED3" box="[1119,1134,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE929FDB109FB285ED3" box="[1157,1231,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92998B10AFAA35ED3" box="[1248,1348,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">latecincta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Zhejiang. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92C78B1EEFEF55EF7" bold="true" box="[256,274,917,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92C63B1EDFD4A5EF7" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[283,685,917,941]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92C63B1EDFECD5EF7" box="[283,298,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92C3AB1EEFE2B5EF7" box="[322,460,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92CA5B1EEFDA75EF7" box="[477,576,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Guangxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92E58B1EEFCD55EF7" bold="true" box="[800,818,917,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92E43B1EDFB265EF7" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[827,1217,917,941]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92E43B1EDFCAD5EF7" box="[827,842,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92E19B1EEFC0C5EF7" box="[865,1003,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92E84B1EDFB8A5EF7" box="[1020,1133,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">tripunctata</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE9285FB1EEFAB35EF7" bold="true" box="[1319,1364,917,941]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E–F</emphasis>
Heads of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92DCCB1C1FED65E8A" box="[180,305,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92DCCB1C1FF195E8B" box="[180,254,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parena</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
in lateral view: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92CA4B1C2FE0A5E8B" bold="true" box="[476,493,953,977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92C8DB1C1FCDB5E8A" authority="Hua" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[501,828,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92C8DB1C1FDE35E8B" box="[501,516,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92F63B1C2FD425E8B" box="[539,677,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92FCEB1C1FCEF5E8B" box="[694,776,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">taiwana</emphasis>
Hua
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE929D8B1C2FB485E8B" bold="true" box="[1184,1199,953,977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE929C0B1C1FF055EAF" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE929C0B1C1FB205E8B" box="[1208,1223,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE929A6B1C1FACF5E8B" box="[1246,1320,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92840B1C2FA7B5E8B" box="[1336,1436,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">latecincta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624CFFE92DBFB658FB9F593B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1059,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Submentum with two setae on each side in most species, with the outer one much shorter than the inner one. However, there is only one long seta on each side of submentum in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92EF5B633FBD6593B" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[909,1073,1095,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92EF5B633FBD6593B" box="[909,1073,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92941B63CFB9F593B" bold="true" box="[1081,1144,1095,1121]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624CFFE92941B63CFB9F593B" box="[1081,1144,1095,1121]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624CFFE92DBFB610FD955B03" blockId="10.[151,1437,1059,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92DBFB610FEDB59DF" bold="true" box="[199,316,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pronotum</emphasis>
: Pronotal shapes are varied among species: nearly rectangular to distinctly transverse. The pronotum of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92C2BB6F4FE0E59F3" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[339,489,1167,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92C2BB6F4FE0E59F3" box="[339,489,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often wider (PW/PL = 1.50–1.82, generally greater than 1.60) than in other two subgenera, and that of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92F53B6C8FD245997" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[555,707,1203,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92F53B6C8FD245997" box="[555,707,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often narrower (PW/PL = 1.19–1.43, generally less than 1.35). The pronotum is much wider than the head (PW/HW = 1.05–1.26, generally greater than 1.10) in the subgenus 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92825B6ACFF19584F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92825B6ACFF1D584F" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crossoglossa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
narrower or barely wider than the head (PW/HW = 0.85–1.13, generally less than 1.10) in the other two subgenera. Anterior margin nearly straight or weakly emarginate at middle, without distinct apical angles. Posterior margin nearly straight at the middle, and more or less oblique laterally. Maximum width of pronotum near the anterior third, but in some species of subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92FF7B71CFCC058DB" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[655,807,1383,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92FF7B71CFCC058DB" box="[655,807,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92E16B713FBF458DB" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[878,1043,1383,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92E16B713FBF458DB" box="[878,1043,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92962B71CFBBD58DB" bold="true" box="[1050,1114,1383,1409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624CFFE92962B71CFBBD58DB" box="[1050,1114,1383,1409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), distance between posterior angles is almost equal to the maximum width. Lateral margins more or less sinuate before posterior angles in most species, with two marginal setae, at the maximum width point and the posterior angle, respectively. Posterior angles narrowly rounded or faintly angulate at an obtuse or rectangular angle in most species, but not denticulate. The lateral explanations more or less widened. Basal foveae shallow and wide, without distinct limits. Disc moderately convex, glabrous or finely and sparsely punctate, sometimes faintly wrinkled. Median line fine, slightly deepened anteriorly and posteriorly in some species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624CFFE82DBFB418FB8A5E07" blockId="10.[151,1437,1059,2022]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92DBFB418FE2C5B27" bold="true" box="[199,459,1635,1662]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Elytra and hind wings</emphasis>
: Elytra broad and slightly widened apically. Humeri distinct, widely rounded, without a humeral denticle. Basal ridge incomplete, extended medially only to base of the fourth stria. Elytral disc with a pair of large and shallow depressions near the middle of the interval 
<quantity id="4CD66AD0624CFFE92EEDB4D0FC585B9F" box="[917,959,1707,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
many species, absent from several species belonging to different subgenera. In ground plan, the discal depressions are elongate or subtriangular, occupying intervals 3 to 6 and one-third to half of the elytra length. Lateral margins are usually shallowly depressed near the basal third. Intervals 7 and 8 more or less tumid near the apex and elytral surface otherwise even; but in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE928F0B563FEC75A0F" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE928F0B563FEC75A0F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92C50B540FE8F5A0F" bold="true" box="[296,360,1851,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624CFFE92C50B540FE8F5A0F" box="[296,360,1851,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, humps are present on the base and middle parts of the lateral intervals. Scutellar striae present on interval 1, of similar depth as normal striae, usually with free apex. Basal pore (bp) present adjacent to stria 1, slightly anterior to apex of scutellum (sa). Interval 3 has three discal setigerous pores (except 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE929D2B5FFFAD55AC7" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1194,1330,1923,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE929D2B5FFFAD55AC7" box="[1194,1330,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with the basal two (d1, d2) adjacent to stria 3 and the apical one (d3) next to stria 2. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624CFFE92961B5D3FB445A9B" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1049,1187,1959,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624CFFE92961B5D3FB445A9B" box="[1049,1187,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one additional discal pore (with two or three as individual variants) is present between d2 and d3 adjacent to stria 2. Discal pores simple, with their diameter less than half of the interval width (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82E7BB2ECFCBC5DEB" box="[771,859,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) in most species, but are strongly enlarged forming foveae greater than interval width in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82F45B2C0FD205D8F" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[573,711,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F45B2C0FD205D8F" box="[573,711,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82FA0B2C0FCC85D8F" box="[728,815,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
), or forming black umbilicular spots in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE8298EB2C0FA7B5D8F" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1270,1436,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE8298EB2C0FA7B5D8F" box="[1270,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82DEFB2A4FF305DA3" bold="true" box="[151,215,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624DFFE82DEFB2A4FF305DA3" box="[151,215,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82D9FB2A4FEDC5DA3" box="[231,315,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). In subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C91B2A4FD985DA3" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[489,639,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C91B2A4FD985DA3" box="[489,639,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82FCFB2A4FCEF5DA2" box="[695,776,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82FCFB2A4FCEF5DA2" box="[695,776,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, d1 very close to the elytra base, on the level only slightly posterior to the apex of scutellum. Thus the distance between d1 and bp is subequal or slightly less than the distance between bp and sa (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82C0DB35CFDD55C1B" box="[373,562,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 4A, 4B, 4C</figureCitation>
). In contrast, in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82EF8B35CFBFF5C1B" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[896,1048,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82EF8B35CFBFF5C1B" box="[896,1048,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, d1 is distant from the elytra base, on a level much more posterior to the apex of scutellum. Thus the distance between d1 and bp is about two times the distance between bp and sa (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82C85B314FD545CD3" box="[509,691,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 4D, 4E, 4F</figureCitation>
). Intervals 5 and 7 are without discal pore on most species, but in a few individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C1FB3E8FE085CF7" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[359,495,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C1FB3E8FE085CF7" box="[359,495,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is one pore near the middle of interval 5. Elytra striae not or shallowly incised, finely punctate. Intervals flat or slightly convex, with very fine and sparse punctures arranged in an irregular row in most species. Stria 7 with one pore near elytral apical margin. The interval 9 less than half-width of the preceding ones. Umbilicular series composed of 18–28 pores. In the truncatipennes groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82929B384FB225F43" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1105,1221,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
, the elytral apex is referred to as the apical truncation, although it is not always evidently truncate. The elytral apex is distinctly truncate in most members of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82F6BB03CFD4E5F3B" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[531,681,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F6BB03CFD4E5F3B" box="[531,681,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the sutural angles usually more or less pointed (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82879B03CFA6B5F3B" box="[1281,1420,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-19@25.[151,1436,181,1561]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Elytra apex of Parena (Crossoglossa) spp. A–H Elytra sutural angle (left), scale bar = 0.2mm. A P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. laesipennis (Bates), Vietnam. C P. levata Andrewes, Borneo. D P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong. E P. sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. F P. cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. G P. mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. H P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. I–L Elytra outer apical angle (left), scale bar = 0.5mm. I P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. J P. laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. K P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. L P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958963/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14A–G</figureCitation>
), except for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C76B010FE905FDF" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[270,375,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C76B010FE905FDF" box="[270,375,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C05B010FE5A5FDF" bold="true" box="[381,445,619,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624DFFE82C05B010FE5A5FDF" box="[381,445,619,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82CB3B010FDD45FDF" box="[459,563,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-19@25.[151,1436,181,1561]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Elytra apex of Parena (Crossoglossa) spp. A–H Elytra sutural angle (left), scale bar = 0.2mm. A P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. laesipennis (Bates), Vietnam. C P. levata Andrewes, Borneo. D P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong. E P. sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. F P. cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. G P. mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. H P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. I–L Elytra outer apical angle (left), scale bar = 0.5mm. I P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. J P. laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. K P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. L P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958963/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 14H</figureCitation>
), and the outer apical angles well rounded or weakly angulate (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82989B010FA895FDF" box="[1265,1390,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-19@25.[151,1436,181,1561]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Elytra apex of Parena (Crossoglossa) spp. A–H Elytra sutural angle (left), scale bar = 0.2mm. A P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. laesipennis (Bates), Vietnam. C P. levata Andrewes, Borneo. D P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong. E P. sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. F P. cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. G P. mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. H P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. I–L Elytra outer apical angle (left), scale bar = 0.5mm. I P. cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. J P. laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. K P. sciakyi sp. n., holotype. L P. testacea (Chaudoir), Guangdong." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958963/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 14I–L</figureCitation>
). In the subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C41B0F4FE365FF3" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[313,465,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C41B0F4FE365FF3" box="[313,465,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82F70B0F4FDBE5FF2" box="[520,601,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F70B0F4FDBE5FF2" box="[520,601,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the elytral apex is subtruncate in most species, with the sutural angles not pointed and the outer apical angles well rounded (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82FB1B0C8FCB25F97" box="[713,853,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 5A, 5E</figureCitation>
). However, in three species groups (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82988B0C8FEC15FAB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82988B0C8FA7F5F97" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1264,1432,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">P. heteronycha</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82DEFB0ACFEC55FAB" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[151,290,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">P. dorsigera</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C23B0ACFE205FAA" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[347,455,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C23B0ACFE205FAA" box="[347,455,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups), the apex is distinctly truncate, with the apical margin nearly straight or slightly concave. In the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C35B080FE145E4F" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[333,499,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C35B080FE145E4F" box="[333,499,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82F55B080FD7C5E4E" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[557,667,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F55B080FD7C5E4E" box="[557,667,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups, the sutural angles are more or less denticulate (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82860B080FF5F5E63" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 5B–D, 5F</figureCitation>
). In the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C6AB164FE515E63" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[274,438,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C6AB164FE515E63" box="[274,438,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C94B164FD935E63" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[492,628,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C94B164FD935E63" box="[492,628,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups, the outer apical angles are prominent but apically rounded (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82812B164FF355E07" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 5F–J</figureCitation>
). Hind wings are fully developed, with large oblongum and wedge cells. (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82975B138FB825E07" box="[1037,1125,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD624DFFE82DEFB468FA7A5BCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" targetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C735624DFFE82DEFB468FA7A5BCD" blockId="11.[151,1437,1555,1688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82DEFB468FEEA5B71" bold="true" box="[151,269,1555,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Elytral base (left) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C95B46FFD985B71" box="[493,639,1555,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C95B46FFDD05B71" box="[493,567,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parena</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F15B468FD985B71" bold="true" box="[621,639,1555,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82FFEB46FFC305B71" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[646,983,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82FFEB46FFD725B71" box="[646,661,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82FD3B46FFD125B71" box="[683,757,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82E7BB468FCAB5B71" box="[771,844,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">bicolor</emphasis>
Motschulsky
</taxonomicName>
, Sumatra. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE8293AB46FFBB45B76" bold="true" box="[1090,1107,1556,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82922B46FFA7F5B71" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1114,1432,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82922B46FFB8E5B71" box="[1114,1129,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82907B46FFB2E5B71" box="[1151,1225,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE829AFB46FFACA5B76" box="[1239,1325,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">africana</emphasis>
(Alluaud)
</taxonomicName>
, Cameroon. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C75B44CFEF85B15" bold="true" box="[269,287,1591,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82C5DB443FD455B0A" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[293,674,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C5DB443FED35B15" box="[293,308,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82C31B44CFE365B15" box="[329,465,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82CA7B44CFDB65B15" box="[479,593,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">laesipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82E7AB443FCF35B0A" bold="true" box="[770,788,1592,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82E62B443FB705B0A" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[794,1175,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82E62B443FCCE5B15" box="[794,809,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82E46B44CFC2F5B15" box="[830,968,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82EAEB443FBA05B15" box="[982,1095,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tripunctata</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82980B443FAEE5B0A" bold="true" box="[1272,1289,1592,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82877B443FE7C5B29" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82877B443FAF95B15" box="[1295,1310,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE8284BB44CFF275B29" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82DB6B420FED65B29" box="[206,305,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Guangxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F70B427FDF05B2E" bold="true" box="[520,535,1628,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624DFFE82F65B427FCB25B29" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[541,853,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F65B427FDCB5B29" box="[541,556,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F39B420FD2C5B29" box="[577,715,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82FA1B420FCB25B29" box="[729,853,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82E23B427FC745B2E" bold="true" box="[859,915,1628,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624DFFE82E23B427FC745B2E" box="[859,915,1628,1652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82F1BB4FBFD985BC2" bold="true" box="[611,639,1664,1688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">bp</emphasis>
elytral basal pore; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82E39B4FBFCBF5BC2" bold="true" box="[833,856,1664,1688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sa</emphasis>
the apex of scutellum; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE8293DB404FBB85BCD" bold="true" box="[1093,1119,1663,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">d1</emphasis>
the first discal setigerous pore.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624DFFE82DBFB4BDFB1C5AE2" blockId="11.[151,1437,1734,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624DFFE82DBFB4BDFF1A5BBA" bold="true" box="[199,253,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs</emphasis>
: Metacoxae with two long setae, near ante-lateral and post-lateral corners, and numerous shorter setae. Pro- and mesotrochanters each with one long seta near the apex. Metatrochanters with one long seta near the middle. All femora with four or more setae along the ventral surface. Cleaning organ of the protibiae with two cleaning setae and a well-defined cleaning spur very close to the inner margin (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624DFFE82E23B549FC535A16" box="[859,948,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
). Mesotibiae of males smooth on the ventral surface, without a notch or denticle. All tarsomeres strongly widened, with tarsomere 1 of all legs and metatarsomere 2 cylindrical, pro- and mesotarsomere 2 and tarsomere 3 of all legs subtriangular to cordate, and tarsomere 4 bilobed. Metatarsomere 1 slightly longer than metatarsomere 2. Tarsomeres sparsely setose dorsally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD624AFFEF2DEFB539FCC75AB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" targetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C735624AFFEF2DEFB539FCC75AB1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1858,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2DEFB539FEE95A01" bold="true" box="[151,270,1858,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. Elytral apex (left) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2C8FB538FD6C5A00" box="[503,651,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2C8FB538FDA65A00" box="[503,577,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parena</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2F01B539FD6C5A00" bold="true" box="[633,651,1858,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2FEBB538FC325A01" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[659,981,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2FEBB538FD455A00" box="[659,674,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2FC1B538FCE45A00" box="[697,771,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2E6BB538FC8E5A01" box="[787,873,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">africana</emphasis>
(Alluaud)
</taxonomicName>
, Cameroon. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2920B538FB8E5A01" bold="true" box="[1112,1129,1859,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2909B538FAB35A01" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1137,1364,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2909B538FB675A00" box="[1137,1152,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF29EEB538FB075A00" box="[1174,1248,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2988B538FAB35A01" box="[1264,1364,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ruficornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2824B538FA715A01" bold="true" box="[1372,1430,1859,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624AFFEF2824B538FA715A01" box="[1372,1430,1859,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Central Africa, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2CE2B51DFE4B5A24" bold="true" box="[410,428,1894,1918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2CCCB51CFD015A25" authority="Facchini" authorityName="Facchini. E" authorityYear="2011" box="[436,742,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valeriae" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2CCCB51CFE245A24" box="[436,451,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2CA1B51CFDC45A24" box="[473,547,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2F4AB51CFD625A25" box="[562,645,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">valeriae</emphasis>
Facchini
</taxonomicName>
, holotype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2E2FB51CFC8E5A25" bold="true" box="[855,873,1895,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2E08B51CFAF55A25" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[880,1298,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2E08B51CFC985A24" box="[880,895,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2EEEB51CFC075A24" box="[918,992,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2E97B51CFB415A25" box="[1007,1190,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">madagascariensis</emphasis>
(Alluaud)
</taxonomicName>
, Madagascar. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2DEFB5F0FF4F5AF9" bold="true" box="[151,168,1931,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2DC8B5F0FDFE5AF9" authority="(Jedlicka)" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[176,537,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2DC8B5F0FF585AF8" box="[176,191,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2DAEB5F0FE875AF9" box="[214,352,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2C09B5F0FE4C5AF8" box="[369,427,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">tesari</emphasis>
(Jedlička)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2F05B5F0FD6B5AF9" bold="true" box="[637,652,1931,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2FECB5F0FC365AF9" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[660,977,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2FECB5F0FD445AF8" box="[660,675,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2FC3B5F0FCA25AF9" box="[699,837,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2E2DB5F0FC365AF9" box="[853,977,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2EA1B5F0FBF35AF9" bold="true" box="[985,1044,1931,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624AFFEF2EA1B5F0FBF35AF9" box="[985,1044,1931,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Laos, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF29B0B5F1FB3B5AF8" bold="true" box="[1224,1244,1930,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF299CB5F0FEC65A9D" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF299CB5F0FB145AF8" box="[1252,1267,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2872B5F0FA735AF9" box="[1290,1428,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2DEFB5D4FF055A9D" box="[151,226,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">kurosai</emphasis>
Habu
</taxonomicName>
, Japan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2C0AB5D4FE615A9D" bold="true" box="[370,390,1967,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2CF3B5D4FCF15A9D" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[395,790,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2CF3B5D4FE7D5A9C" box="[395,410,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2CC8B5D4FDDD5A9D" box="[432,570,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2F30B5D4FD4C5A9D" box="[584,683,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2E01B5D4FC645A9D" bold="true" box="[889,899,1967,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF2EF0B5D4FAF45A9D" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[904,1299,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2EF0B5D4FC705A9C" box="[904,919,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2ED5B5D4FBD05A9D" box="[941,1079,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF293DB5D4FB4F5A9D" box="[1093,1192,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF280CB5D4FA665A9D" bold="true" box="[1396,1409,1967,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624AFFEF28FEB5D4FDE15AB1" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF28FEB5D4FA725A9C" box="[1414,1429,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2DD8B5A8FECD5AB1" box="[160,298,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624AFFEF2C40B5A8FE7C5AB1" box="[312,411,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5197BD624BFFEE2DEFB0AFFAF85E9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,724,748]" targetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C735624BFFEE2DEFB0AFFAF85E9E" blockId="13.[151,1436,724,964]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2DEFB0AFFEE95FB6" bold="true" box="[151,270,724,748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C63B0AFFECA5FB6" bold="true" box="[283,301,724,748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
Hind wing, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2CD7B0AEFCCD5FB6" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[431,810,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CD7B0AEFE595FB6" box="[431,446,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CACB0AFFDBB5FB6" box="[468,604,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F14B0AEFD3F5FB6" box="[620,728,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE299BB0AFFB1C5FB6" bold="true" box="[1251,1275,724,748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">oc</emphasis>
oblongum cell; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2DEFB083FF525E4A" bold="true" box="[151,181,760,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">wc</emphasis>
wedge cell. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C4CB083FE825E4A" bold="true" box="[308,357,760,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B–G</emphasis>
Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2FB0B083FCDC5E4A" baseAuthorityName="Shpeley" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[712,827,760,784]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Metallicina">Metallicina</taxonomicName>
spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2947B083FBB75E4A" bold="true" box="[1087,1104,760,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE292EB083FF5F5E6E" authority="Jeannel" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pachycallida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoplagiata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE292EB083FA865E4A" box="[1110,1377,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pachycallida rufoplagiata</emphasis>
Jeannel
</taxonomicName>
, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F71B167FDFC5E6E" bold="true" box="[521,539,796,820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F5AB167FC8F5E6E" authority="Chaudoir" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1873" box="[546,872,796,820]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F5AB167FCE55E6E" box="[546,770,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Metallica viridipennis</emphasis>
Chaudoir
</taxonomicName>
, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE29ABB167FB025E6E" bold="true" box="[1235,1253,796,820]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2993B166FF3A5E02" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2993B166FB185E6E" box="[1259,1279,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2874B167FA735E6E" box="[1292,1428,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2DEFB13BFF3A5E02" box="[151,221,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2D9BB13BFEFB5E02" bold="true" box="[227,284,832,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624BFFEE2D9BB13BFEFB5E02" box="[227,284,832,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CF4B13BFE7A5E02" bold="true" box="[396,413,832,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2CDBB13AFD015E02" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[419,742,832,856]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CDBB13AFE505E02" box="[419,439,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CBCB13BFDA95E02" box="[452,590,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F24B13BFD405E02" box="[604,679,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">kurosai</emphasis>
Habu
</taxonomicName>
, Nepal. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2E40B13BFCA05E02" bold="true" box="[824,839,832,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2E35B13AFB655E02" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[845,1154,832,856]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2E35B13AFC865E02" box="[845,865,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2E16B13BFC1F5E02" box="[878,1016,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE297EB13BFB655E02" box="[1030,1154,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE29F0B13BFB275E02" bold="true" box="[1160,1216,832,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624BFFEE29F0B13BFB275E02" box="[1160,1216,832,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Laos, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2815B13BFA665E02" bold="true" box="[1389,1409,832,856]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE28FEB13AFE4B5E26" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE28FEB13AFA725E02" box="[1414,1429,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2DD8B11EFF0D5E26" box="[160,234,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2D8FB11FFEBC5E26" box="[247,347,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">latecincta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Vietnam. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F60B11FFDCB5E26" bold="true" box="[536,556,868,892]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H</emphasis>
Protibia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2FDAB11EFBF55E26" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[674,1042,868,892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2FDAB11EFD565E26" box="[674,689,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2FBEB11EFCF75E26" box="[710,784,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2E66B11FFC7D5E26" box="[798,922,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nigrolineata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, scale bar = 0.5 mm. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE299FB11FFB165E26" bold="true" box="[1255,1265,868,892]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">I</emphasis>
Mesotarsomeres of male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2C70B1F2FD9B5EFA" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[264,636,904,928]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C70B1F2FEF05EFA" box="[264,279,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C56B1F2FE9F5EFA" box="[302,376,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CFFB1F3FDE45EFA" box="[391,515,904,928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nigrolineata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE286EB1F3FAC45EFA" bold="true" box="[1302,1315,904,928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J</emphasis>
Mesotarsomeres of male for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2C29B1D6FD645E9E" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[337,643,940,964]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C29B1D6FE875E9E" box="[337,352,941,964]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C0DB1D6FE585E9E" box="[373,447,941,964]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CB6B1D7FDD55E9E" box="[462,562,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">latecincta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624BFFEE2DBFB196FCEA5835" blockId="13.[151,1437,1005,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
In all species of the genus, the ventral surfaces of protarsomeres 1, 2, and 3 have biseriate adhesive setae along their full length. However, the adhesive setae on the ventral surface of male mesotarsomeres are always present but varied: the apical half of mesotarsomere 1 has biseriate adhesive setae on its apical portion (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE29D4B64EFB1E5915" box="[1196,1273,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
) in many species, but these setae are absent from most species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2EFEB622FBF95929" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[902,1054,1113,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2EFEB622FBF95929" box="[902,1054,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE29D1B621FAF85929" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[1193,1311,1114,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE29D1B621FAF85929" box="[1193,1311,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. taiwana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and some species of the subgenus 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CDCB605FBCB59CD" box="[420,1068,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2CDCB605FE1259CD" box="[420,501,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parena</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F7DB606FD7559CD" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[517,658,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">P. latecincta</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2FE5B605FCCC59CD" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[669,811,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">P. monticola</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2E4EB605FC2859CD" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[822,975,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politissima">P. politissima</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2EA1B605FBCB59CD" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[985,1068,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">P. fulva</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE294BB606FB9559CD" bold="true" box="[1075,1138,1149,1175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624BFFEE294BB606FB9559CD" box="[1075,1138,1149,1175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE29D6B605FAC159CD" box="[1198,1318,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE29D6B605FAC159CD" box="[1198,1318,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. plagiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2847B606FA6959CD" box="[1343,1422,1149,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
), or rudimentary (i.e., present as a single row near the apex) in 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2E46B6D9FC3859E1" box="[830,991,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2E46B6D9FC3C59E1" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[830,987,1185,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumdata">P. circumdata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The ventral surface of mesotarsomere 2 has biseriate adhesive setae along its full length or nearly so in most species, but they are restricted to the apical half in some species of subgenera 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C9FB691FBCD5859" box="[487,1066,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2C9FB691FDDF5859" box="[487,568,1258,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parena</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F30B692FD045859" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[584,739,1257,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politissima">P. politissima</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F96B691FC9C5859" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[750,891,1257,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">P. latecincta</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2EFEB691FBC55859" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[902,1058,1257,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumdata">P. circumdata</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2919B692FB1E5859" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1121,1273,1257,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2919B692FB1E5859" box="[1121,1273,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2873B691FE34587D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2873B691FA9B5859" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[1291,1404,1257,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">P. kurosai</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE28F0B691FED0587D" authorityName="Mateu. A" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisignata">P. quadrisignata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2C3AB775FE34587D" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[322,467,1294,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonggaica" status="sp. nov.">P. gonggaica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CA1B776FDFF587D" bold="true" box="[473,536,1293,1319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624BFFEE2CA1B776FDFF587D" box="[473,536,1293,1319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F5DB775FD4D587D" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[549,682,1294,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triguttata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F5DB775FD4D587D" box="[549,682,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. triguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2FC8B776FD08587D" bold="true" box="[688,751,1293,1319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624BFFEE2FC8B776FD08587D" box="[688,751,1293,1319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). The ventral surface of mesotarsomere 3 has well-developed biseriate adhesive setae except in 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F68B749FD4A5811" box="[528,685,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F68B749FD4D5811" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[528,682,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politissima">P. politissima</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Variation in the male mesotarsal adhesive setae in different species of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2D86B72DFEA85835" box="[254,335,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2D86B72DFEA85835" box="[254,335,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is summarized in the diagram in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2FBDB72EFCED5835" box="[709,778,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,932,956]" captionTargetBox="[199,1380,189,903]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[198,1389,181,909]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Diagram of the ventral surface of male mesotarsomeres 1–3, white strips representing the variety of adhesive setal patterns in different species of genus Parena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958951/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624BFFEE2DBFB702FA7A5BE9" blockId="13.[151,1437,1005,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Tarsal claws strongly pectinate, each with six to ten long pectinations (the medial one much smaller than others in some specimens) with the proximal one very close to the claw base (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2ECAB7E6FBC958ED" box="[946,1070,1437,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 6D–G</figureCitation>
). However, in the related genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2DEFB7BAFECC5881" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,299,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pachycallida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2DEFB7BAFECC5881" box="[151,299,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pachycallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2C1AB7BAFE2A5881" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1873" box="[354,461,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C1AB7BAFE2A5881" box="[354,461,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are four or five pectinations on each claw with the proximal one slightly distant from the claw base (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2C0EB79EFDE758A5" box="[374,512,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 6B, 6C</figureCitation>
). In the same individual, there can be a difference of one pectination between claws in same or different legs. The tarsal claws are usually symmetric or nearly so, but conspicuously asymmetric in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE28F0B471FEC75B1D" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE28F0B471FEC75B1D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C5FB456FE825B1D" bold="true" box="[295,357,1581,1607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624BFFEE2C5FB456FE825B1D" box="[295,357,1581,1607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2C0BB456FE2E5B1D" box="[371,457,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 6F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2CABB456FDC55B1D" box="[467,546,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">26E–G</figureCitation>
). In the latter species, the inner claws of meso- and metatarsi are longer than the outer ones (the outer claws of prolegs are homologous to the inner claws of meso- and metalegs, thus the claws of prolegs are in an opposite form), with all pectinations restricted to the basal half of claw and shorter than those on the outer claw. The apical half of the inner claw is smooth and elongated. The outer claw is the same as in other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C735624BFFEE2DBFB4C6FE0A5AAD" blockId="13.[151,1437,1005,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2DBFB4C6FEFC5B8D" box="[199,283,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2DBFB4C6FEF55B8D" bold="true" box="[199,274,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Venter</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Pro- and mesothoracic venter glabrous or sparsely setose, metathoracic venter finely setose overall. Abdominal sternites each with numerous fine setae in addition to the primary setae. The abdominal sternite VII (terminal ventrite) with two or three primary setae (one or four in some specimens) on each side in both sexes. Apex of sternite VII of females straight in most species of the genus (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2E1FB552FC255A19" box="[871,962,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), but weakly projected in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2991B551FAB75A19" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1257,1360,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2991B551FAB75A19" box="[1257,1360,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. mellea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE28F0B551FF175A3D" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. E" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruralis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE28F0B551FF175A3D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. cruralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2C79B536FE685A3D" box="[257,399,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 8C, 8D</figureCitation>
) and more distinctly projected in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2E6DB535FC2D5A3D" authorityName="Kirschenhofer. D" authorityYear="2006" box="[789,970,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2E6DB535FC2D5A3D" box="[789,970,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. sulawesiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2EA4B536FBD25A3D" box="[988,1077,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Apex of sternite VII of males straight (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2D82B50AFEA95AD1" box="[250,334,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
) in most species of subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2FDDB50AFCDC5AD1" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[677,827,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2FDDB50AFCDC5AD1" box="[677,827,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2E09B50AFBEE5AD1" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[881,1033,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2E09B50AFBEE5AD1" box="[881,1033,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but distinctly emarginate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2837B509FF5E5AF5" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2837B509FF5E5AF5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. mellea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2DB0B5EEFEFA5AF5" box="[200,285,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
). In most species of subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F16B5EDFD585AF5" box="[622,703,1942,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F16B5EDFD585AF5" box="[622,703,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, apex of sternite VII of males is weakly emarginate (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2874B5EEFA825AF5" box="[1292,1381,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
), but obviously emarginate (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE2CE2B5C2FDF35A89" box="[410,532,1977,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 8I, 8J</figureCitation>
) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F3CB5C1FD5D5A89" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[580,698,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F3CB5C1FD5D5A89" box="[580,698,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. fasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2F8BB5C1FC665A89" authorityName="Jedlicka, Philippine. Scale" authorityYear="1934" box="[755,897,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2F8BB5C1FC665A89" box="[755,897,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. andrewesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or nearly straight (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0624BFFEE291CB5C2FB5C5A89" box="[1124,1211,1977,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-59@14.[198,1388,1017,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2993B5C1FA9F5A89" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[1259,1400,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2993B5C1FA9F5A89" box="[1259,1400,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE28F0B5C1FEF25AAD" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumdata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE28F0B5C1FEF25AAD" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. circumdata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6624BFFEE2C2BB5A5FE405AAD" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[339,423,2013,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2C2BB5A5FE405AAD" box="[339,423,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B27624BFFEE2CD6B5A6FE0A5AAD" bold="true" box="[430,493,2013,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C624BFFEE2CD6B5A6FE0A5AAD" box="[430,493,2013,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD6248FFED2DEFB1DFFD865EBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958951/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,932,956]" targetBox="[199,1380,189,903]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356248FFED2DEFB1DFFD865EBA" blockId="14.[151,1436,932,993]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2DEFB1DFFEEA5EE7" bold="true" box="[151,269,932,957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. Diagram of the ventral surface of male mesotarsomeres 1–3, white strips representing the variety of adhesive setal patterns in different species of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2F69B1B2FDBC5EBA" box="[529,603,969,992]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F69B1B2FDBC5EBA" box="[529,603,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5197BD6248FFED2DEFB532FBC65AAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958953/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1865,1889]" targetBox="[198,1388,1017,1840]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356248FFED2DEFB532FBC65AAB" blockId="14.[151,1436,1865,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2DEFB532FEE85A3B" bold="true" box="[151,271,1865,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Apex of sternite VII of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2F6DB531FD4B5A3B" box="[533,684,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F6DB531FDB85A3B" box="[533,607,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parena</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2FE2B532FD4B5A3B" bold="true" box="[666,684,1865,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2FD4B532FD2C5A3B" bold="true" box="[684,715,1865,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–D</emphasis>
females: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2E4AB532FCA35A3B" bold="true" box="[818,836,1865,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2E35B531FBB55A3B" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[845,1106,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2E35B531FCBB5A3B" box="[845,860,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2E0CB532FC1B5A3B" box="[884,1020,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2974B532FBB55A3B" box="[1036,1106,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2923B532FB715A3B" bold="true" box="[1115,1174,1865,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6248FFED2923B532FB715A3B" box="[1115,1174,1865,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2875B532FAF95A3B" bold="true" box="[1293,1310,1865,1889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED285EB531FDEA5ADF" authority="Kirschenhofer" authorityName="Kirschenhofer. D" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiensis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED285EB531FAD25A3B" box="[1318,1333,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2835B532FF3F5ADF" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2D90B516FE955ADF" box="[232,370,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sulawesiensis</emphasis>
Kirschenhofer
</taxonomicName>
, Sulawesi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2FFAB516FD735ADF" bold="true" box="[642,660,1901,1925]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2FE4B515FBFF5ADF" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[668,1048,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellea" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2FE4B515FD4C5ADF" box="[668,683,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2FBAB516FCAD5ADF" box="[706,842,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2E22B516FC795ADF" box="[858,926,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">mellea</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Philippine. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED29E2B516FB4B5ADF" bold="true" box="[1178,1196,1901,1925]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED29CCB515FE4F5AF3" authority="Andrewes, Borneo. E" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. E" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruralis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED29CCB515FB245ADF" box="[1204,1219,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED29A2B516FA855ADF" box="[1242,1378,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED280AB515FF225AF3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">cruralis</emphasis>
Andrewes, Borneo. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2CE0B5EAFE4F5AF3" bold="true" box="[408,424,1937,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2CD1B5EAFE245AF3" bold="true" box="[425,451,1937,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">–J</emphasis>
males: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F6BB5EAFDC35AF3" bold="true" box="[531,548,1937,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2F53B5E9FC405AF3" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[555,935,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F53B5E9FDDD5AF3" box="[555,570,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F29B5EAFD3E5AF3" box="[593,729,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F90B5E9FCB35AF3" box="[744,852,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Tianjin. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2970B5EAFBF05AF3" bold="true" box="[1032,1047,1937,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2967B5E9FA7F5AF3" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1055,1432,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellea" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2967B5E9FBC95AF3" box="[1055,1070,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED293DB5EAFB2A5AF3" box="[1093,1229,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED29A4B5EAFAC75AF3" box="[1244,1312,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">mellea</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Philippine. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2C76B5CEFEC55A97" bold="true" box="[270,290,1973,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2C51B5CDFD825A97" authority="Shibata" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[297,613,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2C51B5CDFEDF5A97" box="[297,312,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2C37B5CDFE7E5A97" box="[335,409,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2CD1B5CEFDE95A97" box="[425,526,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">monticola</emphasis>
Shibata
</taxonomicName>
, Jiangxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2FB0B5CEFD3B5A97" bold="true" box="[712,732,1973,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2F9CB5CDFC4B5A97" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[740,940,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F9CB5CDFD145A97" box="[740,755,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2E72B5CDFCB35A97" box="[778,852,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2E1CB5CDFC4B5A97" box="[868,940,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">picipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2ECBB5CEFC095A97" bold="true" box="[947,1006,1973,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6248FFED2ECBB5CEFC095A97" box="[947,1006,1973,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Borneo, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED29C2B5CEFB235A97" bold="true" box="[1210,1220,1973,1997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED29B4B5CDFEEE5AAB" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED29B4B5CDFB3C5A97" box="[1228,1243,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED298AB5CDFADB5A97" box="[1266,1340,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2834B5CEFA7B5A97" box="[1356,1436,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">fasciata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Philippine. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2CF0B5A2FE725AAB" bold="true" box="[392,405,2009,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66248FFED2CE3B5A1FC765AAB" authority="Jedlicka, Philippine. Scale" authorityName="Jedlicka, Philippine. Scale" authorityYear="1934" box="[411,913,2009,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2CE3B5A1FE4D5AAB" box="[411,426,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2CC7B5A1FDEE5AAB" box="[447,521,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276248FFED2F60B5A2FD985AAB" box="[536,639,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">andrewesi</emphasis>
Jedlička, Philippine. Scale
</taxonomicName>
bar = 0.5mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356249FFEC2DBFB2EDFC505CD3" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DBFB2EDFE9D5DEB" bold="true" box="[199,378,150,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DBFB2EDFE965DEB" bold="true" box="[199,369,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Male genitalia</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Median lobe of aedeagus slightly bend near the base with shape varied. Relatively slender (AL/AW = 5.4–6.8) in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2F77B2C0FD425D8F" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[527,677,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2F77B2C0FD425D8F" box="[527,677,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; very stout (AL/AW = 3.4–4.2) in most members of subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC280CB2C0FEF75DA3" authority="Schaum, 1863" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC280CB2C0FEF75DA3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but only moderately stout (AL/AW = 4.5–5.1) in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2E0DB2A4FC365DA2" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[885,977,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E0DB2A4FC365DA2" box="[885,977,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, or slender (AL/AW = 5.5–6.0) in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2DB9B378FED15C46" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[193,310,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DB9B378FED15C46" box="[193,310,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. taiwana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; varied from very to moderately stout (AL/AW = 3.7–5.6) in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC29DBB378FB135C46" box="[1187,1268,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC29DBB378FB135C46" box="[1187,1268,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Apical orifice oriented toward the left or ventral-left side of the aedeagus. Apical lamella (the apical portion between the extreme apex and the apical orifice) laminar or relatively thick, often slightly bent toward dorsum in lateral view; right margin often more or less sinuate basal to the apical lamella in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356249FFEC2DBFB3E8FC6B59BC" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The endophallus has distinct sclerites and scaled regions, without large spines (compared to those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2849B3E8FA7B5CF7" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1873" box="[1329,1436,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2849B3E8FA7B5CF7" box="[1329,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2DBFB3CCFEBC5C8B" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,347,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pachycallida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DBFB3CCFEBC5C8B" box="[199,347,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pachycallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with a long flagellum-like sclerite in many species, but not pointed out to the apical orifice (as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2DCEB3A0FED95CAE" authorityName="Leng &amp; Mutchler" authorityYear="1927" box="[182,318,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Euproctinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DCEB3A0FED95CAE" box="[182,318,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Euproctinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A total of four groups of structures are recognized on the endophallus. These structures exist in all species of the genus but differ in their shape. (1) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2F9AB385FC425F42" bold="true" box="[738,933,510,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Primary sclerite</emphasis>
(blue in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2972B384FBAA5F43" box="[1034,1101,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) is a heavily chitinized piece, extended from the base of median lobe. It is composed of a flared basal expansion and an elongated flagellum-like apex in most species of subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2F65B03CFD895F3A" box="[541,622,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2F65B03CFD895F3A" box="[541,622,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2FDDB03CFCDA5F3B" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[677,829,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2FDDB03CFCDA5F3B" box="[677,829,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2E35B03CFC3B5F3B" box="[845,988,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 9A, 9D</figureCitation>
). The flared expansion is reduced in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2DEFB010FEE45FDF" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,259,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DEFB010FEE45FDF" box="[151,259,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, thus the primary sclerite is filiform in these species (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2ED9B010FC1E5FDF" box="[929,1017,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). The flagellum is thick and extended to the apical orifice, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2CC1B0F4FDCF5FF3" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[441,552,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2CC1B0F4FDCF5FF3" box="[441,552,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2F4FB0F4FD6D5FF3" box="[567,650,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,193,991]" captionTargetId="figure-19@55.[151,1436,181,997]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 30. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Japan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958999/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
), or thinner and gradually tapered and terminated before apical orifice such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2D8BB0C8FE6B5F96" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[243,396,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2D8BB0C8FE6B5F96" box="[243,396,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2CE5B0C8FE1F5F97" box="[413,504,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). The primary sclerite is rudimentary in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2919B0C8FB105F97" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[1121,1271,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2919B0C8FB105F97" box="[1121,1271,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is present as a very small triangular piece near the base of median lobe (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2E23B0ACFC525FAB" box="[859,949,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). (2) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E8BB0ADFB785FAA" bold="true" box="[1011,1183,726,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Apical sclerite</emphasis>
(magenta in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC284DB0ACFA9E5FAB" box="[1333,1401,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) is a V-shaped (in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2CC4B080FDEA5E4E" box="[444,525,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2CC4B080FDEA5E4E" box="[444,525,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2F3DB080FD3A5E4F" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[581,733,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2F3DB080FD3A5E4F" box="[581,733,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2F94B080FC4E5E4F" box="[748,937,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 9A, 9C, 9D</figureCitation>
) or ribbon-form (in subgenus 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2987B080FA7B5E4F" box="[1279,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2987B080FA7F5E4F" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[1279,1432,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crossoglossa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2DEFB164FF095E63" box="[151,238,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
) piece near the apical orifice. It is less chitinized than the primary sclerite. Sometimes the major portion of the apical sclerite is weakly defined (such as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2FA8B138FCD85E07" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[720,831,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2FA8B138FCD85E07" box="[720,831,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but its left edge is always well chitinized. The basal core refers to the darkest area near the base of the apical sclerite which is usually heavily scaled. It is usually ovate or strongly elongated, but extended as a transverse scaled belt as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2EEDB1F0FC0E5EFF" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[917,1001,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2EEDB1F0FC0E5EFF" box="[917,1001,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2E81B1F0FBAC5EFF" box="[1017,1099,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="124.[151,250,777,801]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,172,747]" captionTargetId="figure-28@124.[151,1436,166,753]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIGURE 75. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) fulva sp. n., right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views. A Holotype. B Paratype from Zimbabwe. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959094/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
), or indistinct as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2855B1F0FA7B5EFF" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[1325,1436,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2855B1F0FA7B5EFF" box="[1325,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2DE7B1D5FF125E92" box="[159,245,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1020,1044]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,193,991]" captionTargetId="figure-19@55.[151,1436,181,997]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 30. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Japan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958999/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). (3) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2C4BB1D5FDE55E92" bold="true" box="[307,514,942,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Squamate sheath</emphasis>
(green in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2F00B1D5FD5B5E92" box="[632,700,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) is the large scaled membranous portion extended from the base of median lobe to the apical orifice. It usually surrounds the apical part of the primary sclerite. There is a gap in the middle of the squamate sheath, dividing it into a basal sheath and an apical sheath. The apical sheath is usually much larger and more heavily scaled than the basal sheath. (4) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E23B662FC18596E" bold="true" box="[859,1023,1049,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Squamate sac</emphasis>
(yellow in 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC29F8B662FB24596E" box="[1152,1219,1049,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) refers to the small scaled sac present on the basal half of median lobe, well separated from the squamate sheath. It is usually on the dorsal side to the squamate sheath, sometimes turns to the right or left side. The squamate sac is simple (such as in 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DEFB6FDFEFF59C5" box="[151,280,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2DEFB6FDFEF259C5" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[151,277,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei">P. malaisei</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2C58B6FEFE9759C5" box="[288,368,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1480,1504]" captionTargetBox="[156,1423,320,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-93@75.[151,1436,309,1457]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 44. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views. A Guangxi. B Taiwan. C Nepal. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959027/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) or divided into two sacs (such as in 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E69B6FDFC4859C5" box="[785,943,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2E69B6FDFC4C59C5" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[785,939,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">P. tripunctata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2ECFB6FEFBF659C5" box="[951,1041,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
): The proximal sac is usually like a scaled membranous sac (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2CD7B6D3FDE05999" box="[431,519,1192,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) but sometimes has a dentate chitinized apex as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC293DB6D2FB555998" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[1093,1202,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC293DB6D2FB555998" box="[1093,1202,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC29B9B6D3FAFE5999" box="[1217,1305,1192,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). The distal sac is usually the same size as the proximal one, but less chitinized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356249FFEC2DBFB68BFE46582F" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Left paramere large and rounded, with concave outer surface and rounded or slightly truncate apex. The right paramere is smaller than the left and trifurcate with the apex varied (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2EE4B76FFC175874" box="[924,1008,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,1250,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-182@16.[152,1436,1241,1885]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Parameres of male genitalia for Parena spp. A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Shanghai. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Zhejiang. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. F P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Xizang. G P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. H P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. I P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958957/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). The parameres have very little taxonomical value in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2CA8B743FDC6580B" box="[464,545,1336,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2CA8B743FDC6580B" box="[464,545,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because they are similar among different species and the apices are somewhat varied infraspecifically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356249FFEC2DBFB705FA7A58BA" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2DBFB705FE6E58C3" bold="true" box="[199,393,1406,1433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Female genitalia</emphasis>
: Gonocoxite I of ovipositor without setae or spines, with its dorsal surface strongly concave in subgenus 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2C7DB7D8FE4658E7" box="[261,417,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2C7DB7D8FE7958E7" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[261,414,1443,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crossoglossa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
shallowly concave in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2E73B7D8FCBB58E6" box="[779,860,1443,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E73B7D8FCBB58E6" box="[779,860,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2EE8B7D8FBCF58E7" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[912,1064,1443,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2EE8B7D8FBCF58E7" box="[912,1064,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Gonocoxite II subquadrate or dichotomous, with four to seven ensiform setae on the apex, without nematiform seta or membranous apical extension.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356249FFEC2DBFB790FD4A5BC9" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In subgenus 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2C2AB791FE085B5E" box="[338,495,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2C2AB791FE0C5B5E" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[338,491,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crossoglossa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
gonocoxite II dichotomous and strongly bent outwards forming a U-shaped structure (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2DE7B475FEE15B72" box="[159,262,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 11Y</figureCitation>
–γ). The inner branch with two ensiform setae on the apex. The outer branch slightly longer than the inner one in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2C75B449FE435B11" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[269,420,1585,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis">P. laesipennis</taxonomicName>
group (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2C84B44AFDB85B16" box="[508,607,1585,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11Z</figureCitation>
), and similar length in the other two groups. It with two or three ensiform setae on the apex, of similar length to those on the inner branch in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2EBFB42DFBA65B35" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[967,1089,1622,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2EBFB42DFBA65B35" box="[967,1089,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC29E4B42EFB095B35" box="[1180,1262,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 11</figureCitation>
α–γ) and much shorter in the other two groups (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2C87B402FD475BC9" box="[511,672,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 11Y, 11Z</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356249FFF32DBFB4E6FB245DA3" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2042]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2C1CB4E5FE525BED" box="[356,437,1694,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2C1CB4E5FE525BED" box="[356,437,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2C8AB4E6FD6D5BED" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[498,650,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2C8AB4E6FD6D5BED" box="[498,650,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, gonocoxite II quadrate or nearly so, with the apex concave, nearly straight, or slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2CA0B4BBFD805B81" box="[472,615,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 11A–X</figureCitation>
). The apex with an evident tooth near the inner angle (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2869B4BBFA915B81" box="[1297,1398,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11O</figureCitation>
) in many species, but the tooth very faint in most species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2E58B49FFC5F5BA4" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[800,952,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E58B49FFC5F5BA4" box="[800,952,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2977B49EFB835BA4" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1039,1124,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2977B49EFB835BA4" box="[1039,1124,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2914B49FFB4B5BA4" bold="true" box="[1132,1196,1764,1790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6249FFEC2914B49FFB4B5BA4" box="[1132,1196,1764,1790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC298DB49FFABA5BA4" box="[1269,1373,1764,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11U</figureCitation>
). The ventral surface of gonocoxite II with a large depression (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2E27B573FC585A78" box="[863,959,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11S</figureCitation>
) in most species, but the depression very shallow in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2CFBB557FDFC5A1C" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[387,539,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2CFBB557FDFC5A1C" box="[387,539,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2FE2B557FCEF5A1F" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[666,776,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2FE2B557FCEF5A1F" box="[666,776,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2E9FB557FBDF5A1F" box="[999,1080,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E9FB557FBDF5A1F" box="[999,1080,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC29F8B557FB045A1C" box="[1152,1251,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11V</figureCitation>
). The apex with four to seven ensiform setae. In most species of subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2E54B534FC235A33" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[812,964,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E54B534FC235A33" box="[812,964,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these setae are subequally arranged with two or three of them grouped on the outer angle (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2E7FB508FC8A5AD4" box="[775,877,1907,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
); but in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2EB6B50FFBD95AD7" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[974,1086,1907,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2EB6B50FFBD95AD7" box="[974,1086,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. kurosai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC290FB50FFB335AD7" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1143,1236,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC290FB50FFB335AD7" box="[1143,1236,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(probably also 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC28F0B50FFF145AEB" authorityName="Mateu. F" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC28F0B50FFA7A5AD7" box="[1416,1437,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P.</emphasis>
obscura
</taxonomicName>
), there are three or four ensiform setae grouped on the inner and outer angles, respectively (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2992B5ECFA685AE8" box="[1258,1423,1943,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 11C, 11D</figureCitation>
). In most species of subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2CACB5C7FDC25A8F" box="[468,549,1980,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2CACB5C7FDC25A8F" box="[468,549,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are two or three ensiform setae on the outer angle, two on the inner angle, and another one next to the apical tooth (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06249FFEC2FE0B5A4FD195AA0" box="[664,766,2015,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 11N</figureCitation>
); but in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66249FFEC2E22B59BFC4A5AA3" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[858,941,2015,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2E22B59BFC4A5AA3" box="[858,941,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276249FFEC2ECCB59BFC135AA0" bold="true" box="[948,1012,2016,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6249FFEC2ECCB59BFC135AA0" box="[948,1012,2016,2042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, these setae are nearly equally spaced except the inner two slightly close to each other (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06256FFF32FB8B2ECFCC05DEB" box="[704,807,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11U</figureCitation>
). In the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32EFBB2ECFC175DEB" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[899,1008,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32EFBB2ECFC175DEB" box="[899,1008,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF3293EB2ECFB545DEA" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1094,1203,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF3293EB2ECFB545DEA" box="[1094,1203,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and the other two species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32C11B2C0FE1D5D8E" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1899" box="[361,506,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prymira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C11B2C0FE1D5D8E" box="[361,506,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. stigmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, all of these setae are grouped to the inner and outer angles (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06256FFF32851B2C0FA695D8F" box="[1321,1422,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11K</figureCitation>
), but one seta of each group may be slightly distant from others (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06256FFF32EEBB2A4FC1A5DA3" box="[915,1021,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11W</figureCitation>
) in some species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD6256FFF32DEFB646FB1D599A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" targetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356256FFF32DEFB646FB1D599A" blockId="16.[151,1436,1085,1217]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32DEFB646FEEA590F" bold="true" box="[151,269,1085,1109]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
. Endophallus of male genitalia for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32F09B645FD0C590E" box="[625,747,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F09B645FD5C590F" box="[625,699,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C30B61AFEBD5923" bold="true" box="[328,346,1121,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32C1BB619FD0F5923" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[355,744,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C1BB619FE955923" box="[355,370,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32CF1B61AFDF45923" box="[393,531,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F5CB619FD725923" box="[548,661,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">tripunctata</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, modified from Fig. 39B. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E83B61AFBEB5923" bold="true" box="[1019,1036,1121,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF3296CB619FA7F5923" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1044,1432,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF3296CB619FBC45923" box="[1044,1059,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32942B61AFB255923" box="[1082,1218,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF329ABB61AFAA25923" box="[1235,1349,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">laesipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, modified from Fig. 18A. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32CE2B6FEFE4B59C7" bold="true" box="[410,428,1157,1181]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32CCBB6FDFCE159C7" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[435,774,1157,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32CCBB6FDFE2559C7" box="[435,450,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32CA1B6FDFDC459C7" box="[473,547,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F4AB6FEFD9C59C7" box="[562,635,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">bicolor</emphasis>
Motschulsky
</taxonomicName>
, modified from Fig. 51A. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF3296BB6FEFBC259C7" bold="true" box="[1043,1061,1157,1181]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32955B6FDFB1459C7" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1069,1267,1157,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32955B6FDFBDB59C7" box="[1069,1084,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF3292AB6FDFB7B59C7" box="[1106,1180,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF329D3B6FDFB1459C7" box="[1195,1267,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">picipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32982B6FEFAD459C7" bold="true" box="[1274,1331,1157,1181]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6256FFF32982B6FEFAD459C7" box="[1274,1331,1157,1181]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, modified from Fig. 63. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C5BB6D2FEB3599B" bold="true" box="[291,340,1193,1217]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Blue</emphasis>
, primary sclerite; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F76B6D2FD89599B" bold="true" box="[526,622,1193,1217]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Magenta</emphasis>
, apical sclerite; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E6CB6D2FCB0599B" bold="true" box="[788,855,1193,1217]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Green</emphasis>
, squamate sheath; 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32960B6D2FB87599B" bold="true" box="[1048,1120,1193,1217]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Yellow</emphasis>
, squamate sac.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5197BD6256FFF32DEFB50EFA6C5AA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958957/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[163,1429,1250,1879]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356256FFF32DEFB50EFA6C5AA3" blockId="16.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32DEFB50EFEFE5AD7" bold="true" box="[151,281,1909,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
. Parameres of male genitalia for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32F10B50DFD1E5AD7" box="[616,761,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F10B50DFD555AD7" box="[616,690,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F9FB50EFD1E5AD7" bold="true" box="[743,761,1909,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32F87B50DFB945AD7" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[767,1139,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F87B50DFCF45AD7" box="[767,787,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E58B50EFC4F5AD7" box="[800,936,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32ECEB50DFBC55AD7" box="[950,1058,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF329ACB50EFB025AD7" bold="true" box="[1236,1253,1909,1933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32993B50DFE855AEB" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32993B50DFB185AD7" box="[1259,1279,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32874B50EFA735AD7" box="[1292,1428,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32DEFB5E1FF0D5AEB" box="[151,234,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">testacea</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Shanghai. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32CAEB5E2FE0F5AEB" bold="true" box="[470,488,1945,1969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32C97B5E1FC9E5AEB" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[495,889,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C97B5E1FE195AEB" box="[495,510,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32F6BB5E2FD7A5AEB" box="[531,669,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32FD3B5E2FCE95AEB" box="[683,782,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Zhejiang. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E91B5E2FC1C5AEB" bold="true" box="[1001,1019,1945,1969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32979B5E1FAA45AEB" authority="Hua" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[1025,1347,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32979B5E1FBF75AEB" box="[1025,1040,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF3295EB5E2FB575AEB" box="[1062,1200,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF329C6B5E1FAF75AEB" box="[1214,1296,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">taiwana</emphasis>
Hua
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32DEFB5C6FF4F5A8F" bold="true" box="[151,168,1981,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32DD7B5C5FDD75A8F" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[175,560,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32DD7B5C5FF595A8F" box="[175,190,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32DACB5C6FEB95A8F" box="[212,350,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C15B5C5FE395A8F" box="[365,478,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">tripunctata</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Shaanxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32FE2B5C6FD4E5A8F" bold="true" box="[666,681,1981,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32FC8B5C5FBE25A8F" authority="Andrewes" authorityName="Andrewes. A" authorityYear="1928" box="[688,1029,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripicta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32FC8B5C5FD585A8F" box="[688,703,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32FADB5C5FCF85A8F" box="[725,799,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E56B5C6FC725A8F" box="[814,917,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">rubripicta</emphasis>
Andrewes
</taxonomicName>
, Xizang. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF3291EB5C6FB9D5A8F" bold="true" box="[1126,1146,1981,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF329F9B5C5FF2C5AA3" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF329F9B5C5FB775A8F" box="[1153,1168,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF329DEB5C5FB175A8F" box="[1190,1264,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32987B5C6FAA85A8F" box="[1279,1359,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">fasciata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C53B59AFED85AA3" bold="true" box="[299,319,2017,2041]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32C3EB599FD505AA3" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[326,695,2017,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C3EB599FEB25AA3" box="[326,341,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32C12B599FE535AA3" box="[362,436,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32CBBB59AFDD85AA3" box="[451,575,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">nigrolineata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E6FB59AFCC65AA3" bold="true" box="[791,801,2017,2041]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66256FFF32E50B599FBBD5AA3" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[808,1114,2017,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E50B599FCD05AA3" box="[808,823,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32E34B599FC715AA3" box="[844,918,2018,2041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276256FFF32EDDB59AFBEE5AA3" box="[933,1033,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">latecincta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5197BD6254FFF12DEFB2EDFA8B5F05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[151,250,150,174]" targetBox="[178,1425,191,1946]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356254FFF12DEFB2EDFA8B5F05" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB2EDFEF05DF4" bold="true" box="[151,279,150,174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12FCFB2ECFCD55DF4" box="[695,818,151,174]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FCFB2ECFCE65DF4" box="[695,769,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129E6B2EDFB2D5DF4" bold="true" box="[1182,1226,150,174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A–J</emphasis>
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF1284BB2ECFF275D88" authority="Schaum, 1863" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1284BB2ECFF275D88" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DB5B2C1FF385D88" bold="true" box="[205,223,186,210]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12D9EB2C0FDF85D89" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[230,543,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12D9EB2C0FF125D88" box="[230,245,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C73B2C0FE725D89" box="[267,405,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CDBB2C0FDF85D89" box="[419,543,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6254FFF12F5EB2C0FDBF5D88" box="[550,600,187,210]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Laos, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E7CB2C0FCF25D89" bold="true" box="[772,789,187,211]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12E63B2C0FB415D89" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[795,1190,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E63B2C0FCCD5D88" box="[795,810,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E38B2C0FC2D5D89" box="[832,970,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EA1B2C0FBDB5D89" box="[985,1084,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Shaanxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12877B2C1FAC65D88" bold="true" box="[1295,1313,186,210]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF1285FB2C0FE935DAD" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1285FB2C0FAD15D88" box="[1319,1334,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12834B2C0FF3E5DAC" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12D91B2A4FED35DAD" box="[233,308,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">kurosai</emphasis>
Habu
</taxonomicName>
, Guangdong. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F7BB2A4FDF25DAD" bold="true" box="[515,533,223,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12F64B2A4FC655DAD" authority="(Jedlicka)" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[540,898,223,247]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F64B2A4FDCC5DAC" box="[540,555,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F3AB2A4FD2B5DAD" box="[578,716,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FA3B2A4FCF25DAC" box="[731,789,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">tesari</emphasis>
(Jedlička)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E9DB2A4FC115DAD" bold="true" box="[997,1014,223,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12E85B2A4FAA65DAC" authority="Hua" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[1021,1345,223,247]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E85B2A4FBEB5DAC" box="[1021,1036,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1295AB2A4FB4B5DAD" box="[1058,1196,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129C3B2A4FAEA5DAC" box="[1211,1293,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">taiwana</emphasis>
Hua
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB378FF415C41" bold="true" box="[151,166,259,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12DC8B378FDDF5C41" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[176,568,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DC8B378FF585C40" box="[176,191,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DAFB378FE865C41" box="[215,353,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C0BB378FE035C40" box="[371,484,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">tripunctata</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Shaanxi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FDEB379FD5D5C40" bold="true" box="[678,698,258,282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12FBBB378FBB85C41" authority="(Andrewes)" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[707,1119,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FBBB378FD355C40" box="[707,722,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F92B378FC935C41" box="[746,884,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EFEB378FC3B5C41" box="[902,988,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">malaisei</emphasis>
(Andrewes)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129BEB378FB3D5C41" bold="true" box="[1222,1242,259,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF1299AB378FE885C64" authority="Mateu" authorityName="Mateu. A" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisignata" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1299AB378FB165C40" box="[1250,1265,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12872B378FA735C41" box="[1290,1428,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB35CFEC25C65" box="[151,293,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">quadrisignata</emphasis>
Mateu
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CACB35CFE395C65" bold="true" box="[468,478,295,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12C9CB35CFCF25C64" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[484,789,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C9CB35CFE145C64" box="[484,499,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F71B35CFD745C65" box="[521,659,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FD9B35CFCF25C64" box="[673,789,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">emarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E64B35CFCB25C65" bold="true" box="[796,853,295,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6254FFF12E64B35CFCB25C65" box="[796,853,295,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EBFB35CFC335C65" bold="true" box="[967,980,295,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12EA2B35CFB1F5C64" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[986,1272,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triguttata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EA2B35CFC0E5C64" box="[986,1001,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E87B35CFB6E5C65" box="[1023,1161,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129E0B35CFB1F5C64" box="[1176,1272,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">triguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12986B35CFAD05C65" bold="true" box="[1278,1335,295,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6254FFF12986B35CFAD05C65" box="[1278,1335,295,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Sichuan, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12D84B330FEC95C39" bold="true" box="[252,302,331,355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">K–X</emphasis>
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12CE3B330FE025C38" box="[411,485,331,354]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CE3B330FE025C38" box="[411,485,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C8AB330FDE15C39" bold="true" box="[498,518,331,355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">K</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12F75B330FCB85C39" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[525,863,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F75B330FDFB5C38" box="[525,540,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F4AB330FD9B5C38" box="[562,636,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FF3B330FD335C39" box="[651,724,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">bicolor</emphasis>
Motschulsky
</taxonomicName>
, Sulawesi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EABB330FC035C39" bold="true" box="[979,996,331,355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12E93B330FAD95C39" authority="Andrewes" authorityName="Andrewes. A" authorityYear="1928" box="[1003,1342,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripicta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E93B330FC1D5C38" box="[1003,1018,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12968B330FBBD5C38" box="[1040,1114,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12911B330FB375C39" box="[1129,1232,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">rubripicta</emphasis>
Andrewes
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB314FF485CDD" bold="true" box="[151,175,367,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12DC0B314FDE15CDD" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[184,518,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DC0B314FF205CDC" box="[184,199,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12D98B314FECD5CDC" box="[224,298,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C43B314FE6C5CDD" box="[315,395,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fasciata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F15B314FD985CDD" bold="true" box="[621,639,367,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12FF0B314FBE55CDD" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[648,1026,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FF0B314FD705CDC" box="[648,663,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FC8B314FD1D5CDC" box="[688,762,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E73B314FC605CDD" box="[779,903,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nigrolineata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12911B315FB9A5CDC" bold="true" box="[1129,1149,366,390]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF129FEB314FAB65CDC" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1158,1361,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129FEB314FB725CDC" box="[1158,1173,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129D6B314FB1F5CDC" box="[1198,1272,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12871B314FAB65CDC" box="[1289,1361,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">picipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12822B314FA715CDD" bold="true" box="[1370,1430,367,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6254FFF12822B314FA715CDD" box="[1370,1430,367,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Borneo, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C2AB3E8FE865CF1" bold="true" box="[338,353,403,427]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12C10B3E8FCDD5CF0" authority="Jedlicka, Philippine. Q" authorityName="Jedlicka, Philippine. Q" box="[360,826,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C10B3E8FE905CF0" box="[360,375,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CF4B3E8FE315CF0" box="[396,470,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C9DB3E8FDAB5CF1" box="[485,588,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">andrewesi</emphasis>
Jedlička, Philippine. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E5EB3E9FCDD5CF0" bold="true" box="[806,826,402,426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Q</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12E38B3E8FB435CF1" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[832,1188,403,427]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politissima" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E38B3E8FCA85CF0" box="[832,847,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E1DB3E8FC485CF0" box="[869,943,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EC5B3E8FBCB5CF1" box="[957,1068,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">politissima</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Vanuatu. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12875B3E8FAF85CF1" bold="true" box="[1293,1311,403,427]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF1285EB3E8FEA95C95" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1285EB3E8FAD25CF0" box="[1318,1333,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12832B3E8FA735CF0" box="[1354,1428,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB3CCFF1C5C95" box="[151,251,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">latecincta</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Guizhou. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CB8B3CDFE295C94" bold="true" box="[448,462,438,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12CAFB3CCFCC65C95" authority="Shibata" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[471,801,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumdata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CAFB3CCFE015C94" box="[471,486,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C85B3CCFDA05C94" box="[509,583,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F2FB3CCFD2E5C95" box="[599,713,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">circumdata</emphasis>
Shibata
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EFDB3CCFC715C95" bold="true" box="[901,918,439,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12EE6B3CCFA995C95" authority="Andrewes, Borneo. U" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. U" authorityYear="1931" box="[926,1406,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendleburyi" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EE6B3CCFC4A5C94" box="[926,941,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EBCB3CCFBE95C94" box="[964,1038,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12966B3CCFB705C95" box="[1054,1175,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pendleburyi</emphasis>
Andrewes, Borneo. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12814B3CCFA995C95" bold="true" box="[1388,1406,439,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">U</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF128FEB3CCFECC5CA9" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF128FEB3CCFA725C94" box="[1414,1429,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DD8B3A0FF0D5CA8" box="[160,234,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12D80B3A0FECC5CA9" box="[248,299,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C49B3A0FE8D5CA9" bold="true" box="[305,362,475,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6254FFF12C49B3A0FE8D5CA9" box="[305,362,475,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Zimbabwe, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F2CB3A0FD815CA9" bold="true" box="[596,614,475,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">V</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12F14B3A0FBEB5CA9" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[620,1036,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F14B3A0FD9C5CA8" box="[620,635,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FE9B3A0FD3C5CA8" box="[657,731,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F91B3A0FC475CA9" box="[745,928,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">madagascariensis</emphasis>
(Alluaud)
</taxonomicName>
, Madagascar. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129E4B3A0FB525CA9" bold="true" box="[1180,1205,475,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">W</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF129C3B3A0FA7B5CA9" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1211,1436,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129C3B3A0FB2D5CA8" box="[1211,1226,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12998B3A0FACD5CA8" box="[1248,1322,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12840B3A0FA7B5CA9" box="[1336,1436,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ruficornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6254FFF12DEFB384FF2E5F4C" box="[151,201,511,534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Central Africa, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CA8B384FE055F4D" bold="true" box="[464,482,511,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">X</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12C90B384FCC45F4D" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[488,803,511,535]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C90B384FE105F4C" box="[488,503,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F74B384FDB15F4C" box="[524,598,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F1BB384FD5E5F4D" box="[611,697,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">africana</emphasis>
(Alluaud)
</taxonomicName>
, Uganda. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EFFB384FC555F4D" bold="true" box="[903,946,511,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Y–γ</emphasis>
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12963B384FB445F4D" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[1051,1187,511,535]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12963B384FB445F4D" box="[1051,1187,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129D7B384FB265F4D" bold="true" box="[1199,1217,511,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Y</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF129BEB384FEDB5F61" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129BEB384FB3D5F4C" box="[1222,1242,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1299EB384FA895F4D" box="[1254,1390,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12804B384FF0C5F60" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Taiwan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CE3B058FE4B5F61" bold="true" box="[411,428,547,571]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12CCAB058FCCD5F61" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[434,810,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CCAB058FE225F60" box="[434,453,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12CAAB058FDBD5F61" box="[466,602,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F1FB058FD3E5F61" box="[615,729,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">laesipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EF5B058FC7C5F61" bold="true" box="[909,923,547,571]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">α</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12ED8B058FAC75F61" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[928,1312,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12ED8B058FC535F60" box="[928,948,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EB8B058FBAF5F61" box="[960,1096,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1292EB058FB4E5F60" box="[1110,1193,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">testacea</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Zhejiang. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF128F7B058FA7B5F61" bold="true" box="[1423,1436,547,571]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">β</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12DEFB03CFD955F05" authority="Kirschenhofer" authorityName="Kirschenhofer. D" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,626,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiensis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB03CFF4C5F04" box="[151,171,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DC0B03CFEA75F05" box="[184,320,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12C37B03CFE3E5F05" box="[335,473,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sulawesiensis</emphasis>
Kirschenhofer
</taxonomicName>
, Sulawesi. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F9CB03CFD175F05" bold="true" box="[740,752,583,607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">γ</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12F8EB03CFC135F05" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[758,1012,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F8EB03CFCED5F04" box="[758,778,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E6FB03CFC785F05" box="[791,927,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12ED6B03CFC135F05" box="[942,1012,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E82B03CFBD45F05" bold="true" box="[1018,1075,583,607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6254FFF12E82B03CFBD45F05" box="[1018,1075,583,607]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356254FFF12DBFB0FCFB975E6B" blockId="18.[151,1437,647,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Female internal reproductive tracts are similar among different subgenera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12944B0F3FB6A5FFB" box="[1084,1165,648,673]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12944B0F3FB6A5FFB" box="[1084,1165,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06254FFF129E7B0FCFB125FF8" box="[1183,1269,647,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[179,1400,861,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-428@18.[164,1423,842,1601]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Female internal reproductive tracts of Parena spp. A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. C P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958959/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca digitiform without a differentiated pedicel, strongly whorled on the surface of the apical half, inserted on the dorsal surface of bursa copulatrix close to the junction of common oviduct. Spermathecal gland similar in length to spermatheca, more or less branched near base, inserted to the lateral side of spermathecal base. The tubular sac slender and much longer than spermathecal gland, inserted near the base of spermathecal gland.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD6254FFF12DEFB423FB335BC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958959/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[151,250,1624,1648]" targetBox="[179,1400,861,1597]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356254FFF12DEFB423FB335BC9" blockId="18.[151,1436,1624,1684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB423FEFF5B2A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1624,1648]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
. Female internal reproductive tracts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12FDEB422FCD05B2A" box="[678,823,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FDEB422FD175B2A" box="[678,752,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E5DB423FCD05B2A" bold="true" box="[805,823,1624,1648]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12E45B422FB575B2A" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[829,1200,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis" subGenus="Crossoglossa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E45B422FCB75B2A" box="[829,848,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E25B423FC025B2A" box="[861,997,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12E8BB422FBB85B2A" box="[1011,1119,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">cavipennis</emphasis>
(Bates)
</taxonomicName>
, Beijing. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12869B423FAC55B2A" bold="true" box="[1297,1314,1624,1648]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12850B422FE515BCE" authority="(Schaum)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera" subGenus="Bothynoptera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12850B422FAD05B2A" box="[1320,1335,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12834B423FF3E5BCE" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12D90B407FEAC5BCE" box="[232,331,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">dorsigera</emphasis>
(Schaum)
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F61B407FDCC5BCE" bold="true" box="[537,555,1660,1684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12F4AB406FC445BCE" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[562,931,1660,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata" subGenus="Parena">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F4AB406FDA65BCE" box="[562,577,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F2EB406FD475BCE" box="[598,672,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12FD7B407FCCC5BCE" box="[687,811,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nigrolineata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
, Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356254FFF12DEFB4C6FE1B5B8D" blockId="18.[151,1437,1725,2039]" box="[151,508,1725,1751]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DEFB4C6FE1B5B8D" bold="true" box="[151,508,1725,1751]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Monophyly and relationships.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356254FFF12DBFB49AFC4E5A45" blockId="18.[151,1437,1725,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The subtribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12C21B49AFE3E5BA1" baseAuthorityName="Shpeley" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[345,473,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Metallicina">Metallicina</taxonomicName>
was erected by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46254FFF12FF2B49AFCBB5BA1" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[650,860,1761,1787]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="525 - 559" refId="ref109951" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1984) Essai d'une classification supra-generique naturelle des Carabides Lebiens d'Afrique et de Madagascar (Coleoptera Carabidae Lebiinae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 98 (3), 525 - 559." type="journal article" year="1984">Basilewsky (1984)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12EF1B49AFC135BA1" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1873" box="[905,1012,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12EF1B49AFC135BA1" box="[905,1012,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF1297AB49AFB715BA1" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[1026,1174,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pachycallida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1297AB49AFB715BA1" box="[1026,1174,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pachycallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF129B2B499FAFC5BA1" box="[1226,1307,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF129B2B499FAFC5BA1" box="[1226,1307,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Soon after that, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12DB7B57DFEB05A45" authorityName="Leng &amp; Mutchler" authorityYear="1927" box="[207,343,1798,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Euproctinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12DB7B57DFEB05A45" box="[207,343,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euproctinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12F6DB57EFD725A45" baseAuthorityName="Shpeley" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[533,661,1797,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Metallicina">Metallicina</taxonomicName>
as well (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46254FFF12F80B57EFC7B5A45" author="Shpeley, D." box="[760,924,1797,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="261 - 349" refId="ref112949" refString="Shpeley, D. (1986) Genera of the subtribe Metallicina and classification, reconstructed phylogeny and geographical history of the species of Euproctinus Leng and Mutchler (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22 (4), 261 - 349." type="journal article" year="1986">Shpeley, 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356254FFF12DBFB552FC0B5AAD" blockId="18.[151,1437,1725,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
As the result of a preliminary phylogenetic analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46254FFF12E6AB552FC525A19" author="Shpeley, D." box="[786,949,1833,1859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="261 - 349" refId="ref112949" refString="Shpeley, D. (1986) Genera of the subtribe Metallicina and classification, reconstructed phylogeny and geographical history of the species of Euproctinus Leng and Mutchler (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22 (4), 261 - 349." type="journal article" year="1986">Shpeley, 1986</bibRefCitation>
), the monophyly of the subtribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12865B552FA7A5A19" baseAuthorityName="Shpeley" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1309,1437,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Metallicina">Metallicina</taxonomicName>
can be suggested by the following synapomorphic character states: antennomeres 5–11 each with ventral sensory pits; apex of glossal sclerite with four or more apical setae; head with suborbital setae; antennomere 1 with a carina. Within the subtribe 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12C00B5EEFE1D5AF5" baseAuthorityName="Shpeley" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[376,506,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Metallicina">Metallicina</taxonomicName>
, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12F01B5EDFD2D5AF5" box="[633,714,1942,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12F01B5EDFD2D5AF5" box="[633,714,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presumed to be the sister group of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF1290FB5EEFB055AF5" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1873" box="[1143,1250,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF1290FB5EEFB055AF5" box="[1143,1250,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66254FFF12879B5EEFA725AF5" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[1281,1429,1941,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pachycallida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276254FFF12879B5EEFA725AF5" box="[1281,1429,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pachycallida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, supported only by one synapomorphic character state: the retinacular ridge of right mandible reduced. Nevertheless, this relationship seems reliable as it fits the zoogeographical pattern as well.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB2ECFD555C3F" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The monophyly of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02C96B2ECFDD85DEA" box="[494,575,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02C96B2ECFDD85DEA" box="[494,575,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be supported by the following apomorphic character states: (1) male genitalia with endophallic sclerite; (2) gonocoxite II of ovipositor with four or more ensiform setae, without membranous apex or trichoid setae; (3) female reproductive tracts with extremely long tubular sac. Three subgenera are recognized under the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02CADB378FDC15C46" box="[469,550,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02CADB378FDC15C46" box="[469,550,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The monophyly of two subgenera (
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02EBBB378FBBE5C47" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[963,1113,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02EBBB378FBBE5C47" box="[963,1113,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF029E9B378FACE5C47" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1169,1321,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF029E9B378FACE5C47" box="[1169,1321,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) seems to be well supported, whereas the third (
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F44B35CFD6A5C1A" box="[572,653,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F44B35CFD6A5C1A" box="[572,653,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6255FFF02FECB35CFD375C1B" box="[660,720,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) could be paraphyletic. Detailed discussions on the infrageneric relationships are provided under each subgenus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DEFB3E9FDF15CF6" blockId="19.[151,1437,402,1617]" box="[151,534,402,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02DEFB3E9FDF15CF6" bold="true" box="[151,534,402,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Life history and larvae features.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB3CCFE585F3B" blockId="19.[151,1437,402,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02C41B3CCFE6D5C8A" box="[313,394,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02C41B3CCFE6D5C8A" box="[313,394,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found on leaves or trunks of various woody plants. They are frequently collected by beating dense vine plants or dead leaves hanging on small trees. They might be hidden inside the dead leaf rolls in the daytime and active at the night preying mainly on lepidopteral larvae. Many species are attracted by lights, whereas a few very rare species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02FBCB058FCBB5F67" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[708,860,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02FBCB058FCBB5F67" box="[708,860,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were only collected from the canopy of trees with height between 5 and 
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6255FFF02CF5B03CFE585F3B" box="[397,447,583,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CD66AD06255FFF02CF5B03CFE5C5F3B" box="[397,443,583,609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB010FADC5EDB" blockId="19.[151,1437,402,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Based on the literature by Andrewes, Habu, Yokoyama, Nawa, Minamikawa, etc., Habu (1967) reviewed the life history of some common Japanese species: the adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02E3AB0F4FB925FF2" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1964" box="[834,1141,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nigrolineata" subSpecies="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02E3AB0F4FB925FF2" box="[834,1141,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. nigrolineata nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF029E5B0F4FAA55FF3" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1181,1346,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF029E5B0F4FAA55FF3" box="[1181,1346,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are reported to prey on various lepidopteral larvae including the silk worm (
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02ECAB0C8FBAE5F96" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[946,1097,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Bombyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mori">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02ECAB0C8FBAE5F96" box="[946,1097,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bombyx mori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.); the larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF0286EB0C8FA7B5F97" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1302,1436,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF0286EB0C8FA7B5F97" box="[1302,1436,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. perforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02DCEB0ACFED95FAB" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[182,318,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02DCEB0ACFED95FAB" box="[182,318,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are predatory on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F70B0ACFC5F5FAB" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1877" box="[520,952,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Spilosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imparilis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F70B0ACFD005FAB" box="[520,743,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spilosoma imparilis</emphasis>
Butler (Arctiidae)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02EBAB0ACFBB35FAA" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[962,1108,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02EBAB0ACFBB35FAA" box="[962,1108,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is predaceous on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02860B0ACFDE75E4F" authority="Butler (Heterogeneidea)" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Phrixolepia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02860B0ACFF0F5E4E" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Phrixolepia sericea</emphasis>
Butler (Heterogeneidea)
</taxonomicName>
; the adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02FE0B080FCC85E4E" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[664,815,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02FE0B080FCC85E4E" box="[664,815,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in the leaf-rolls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF029FDB080FEC35E63" authority="Vollenhoven" authorityName="Vollenhoven" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" genus="Paroplapoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pardalis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF029FDB080FA7B5E4F" box="[1157,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paroplapoderus pardalis</emphasis>
Vollenhoven
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02C4CB164FE5D5E63" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[308,442,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Attelabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Attelabidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02CBDB164FDA25E63" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[453,581,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
), but it remains to be proven whether or not they feed on the weevils. More recently, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02D86B138FE6B5E07" author="Habu, A." box="[254,396,835,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="63 - 73" refId="ref110880" refString="Habu, A. (1981) Larvae of two species of Lebiini (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan, 36 (1), 63 - 73." type="journal article" year="1981">Habu (1981)</bibRefCitation>
reported that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F50B138FD5B5E06" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[552,700,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F50B138FD5B5E06" box="[552,700,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is predaceous on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02EFCB138FA7E5E07" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[900,1433,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Scopelodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contracta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02EFCB138FB935E06" box="[900,1140,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Scopelodes contracta</emphasis>
Walker (Heterogeneidae)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02DEFB11CFE855EDB" author="Mochizuki, A." box="[151,354,871,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="319 - 320" refId="ref112256" refString="Mochizuki, A. (1990) A carabid predator, Parena laesipennis (Bates) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) attacking Pidorus glaucopis (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 25 (2), 319 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 25.319" type="journal article" year="1990">Mochizuki (1990)</bibRefCitation>
reported that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02C86B11CFD7F5EDB" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[510,664,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02C86B11CFD7F5EDB" box="[510,664,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. laesipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02E16B11CFAD05EDB" authority="(Drury)" baseAuthorityName="Drury" box="[878,1335,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Pidorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glaucopis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02E16B11CFBDD5EDB" box="[878,1082,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pidorus glaucopis</emphasis>
(Drury) (Zygaenidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB1F0FEDE594B" blockId="19.[151,1437,402,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02D9EB1F0FEC55EFF" box="[230,290,907,933]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02C56B1F0FE345EFF" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[302,467,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02C56B1F0FE345EFF" box="[302,467,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported as a predator of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02E50B1F0FAE85EFF" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1864" box="[808,1295,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Opisina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosella">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02E50B1F0FC1A5EFF" box="[808,1021,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Opisina arenosella</emphasis>
Walker (Oecophoridae)
</taxonomicName>
, the coconut caterpillar (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02C61B1D4FDFE5E93" author="Mohamed, U. V. K. &amp; Abdurahiman, U. C. &amp; Remadevi, O. K." box="[281,537,943,969]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="341 - 343" refId="ref112315" refString="Mohamed, U. V. K., Abdurahiman, U. C. &amp; Remadevi, O. K. (1982) Notes on two carabid (Carabidae: Coleoptera) predators of Nephantis serinopa Meyrick (Xylorictidae: Lepidoptera) from Kerala. Entomon, 7 (3), 341 - 343." type="journal article" year="1982">
Mohamed 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02CEDB1D4FE205E93" box="[405,455,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
., 1982
</bibRefCitation>
; Pushpalatha &amp; Verresh, 1995), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02EF2B1D4FA7F5E93" authority="Ragonot" authorityName="Ragonot" box="[906,1432,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Nephopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugraphella">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02EF2B1D4FB4F5E93" box="[906,1192,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nephopteryx eugraphella</emphasis>
Ragonot (Pyralidae)
</taxonomicName>
, the chiku moth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02C36B1A8FDA25EB7" author="Sran, C. S. &amp; Sandhu, G. S." box="[334,581,979,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="169" refId="ref113173" refString="Sran, C. S. &amp; Sandhu, G. S. (1979) New records of parasites and predators of Nephopteryx eugraphella Ragonot in India. Current Science Bangalore, 48 (4), 169." type="journal article" year="1979">Sran &amp; Sandhu, 1979</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02FF0B1A8FB6C5EB7" authority="Swederus" authorityName="Swederus" authorityYear="1787" box="[648,1163,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Yponomeutidae" genus="Atteva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabriciella">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02FF0B1A8FCAC5EB7" box="[648,843,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atteva fabriciella</emphasis>
Swederus (Yponomeutidae)
</taxonomicName>
, the ailanthus webworm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02DE7B18CFECB594B" author="Misra, R. M." box="[159,300,1015,1041]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="350 - 356" refId="ref112216" refString="Misra, R. M. (1994) Biology of some natural enemies of ailanthus webworm Atteva fabriciella Swed (Yponomeutidae: Lepidoptera). Indian Journal of Forestry, 16 (4), 350 - 356." type="journal article" year="1994">Misra, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB660FC6D580F" blockId="19.[151,1437,402,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02D91B660FECB596F" box="[233,300,1051,1077]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76255FFF02C45B660FE57596F" box="[317,432,1051,1077]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Shandong</collectingRegion>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02C8DB660FDDB596F" box="[501,572,1051,1077]" name="South Korea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Korea</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F33B660FD06596E" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[587,737,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F33B660FD06596E" box="[587,737,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported as an important predator of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF029B6B660FF175903" authority="(Drury)" baseAuthorityName="Drury" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Hyphantria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF029B6B660FA7B596E" box="[1230,1436,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hyphantria cunea</emphasis>
(Drury)
</taxonomicName>
, the fall webworm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02CA0B644FD765903" author="Ko, J. H. &amp; Ko, M. K." box="[472,657,1087,1113]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="71 - 72" refId="ref111717" refString="Ko, J. H. &amp; Ko, M. K. (1982) On the Parena cavipennis (Bates) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as a predator of Hyphantria cunea Drury in Korea. Korean Journal of Entomology, 12 (2), 71 - 72." type="journal article" year="1982">Ko &amp; Ko, 1982</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02FE7B644FC885903" author="Wang, J. Y. &amp; Zhang, Y. H. &amp; Jiang, S. P. &amp; Wang, J. B. &amp; Zhang, X. B. &amp; Sun, J. Y." box="[671,879,1087,1113]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="183 - 184" refId="ref113252" refString="Wang, J. Y., Zhang, Y. H., Jiang, S. P., Wang, J. B., Zhang, X. B. &amp; Sun, J. Y. (1999) Preliminary study on the bionomics of Parena cavipennis, a predator of Hyphantria cunea. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 15 (4), 183 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">
Wang 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F91B644FCFB5903" box="[745,796,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
., 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). Both adults and larvae can attack larvae of the webworm. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02C6FB618FE0F5927" author="Zhao, S. &amp; Dong, X. G. &amp; Li, X. S. &amp; Zhang, Q. S. &amp; Dong, C. Y. &amp; Mu, X. Q. &amp; Liang, H. B." box="[279,488,1123,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3613 - 3614" refId="ref113446" refString="Zhao, S. W, Dong, X. G., Li, X. S., Zhang, Q. S., Dong, C. Y., Mu, X. Q. &amp; Liang, H. B. (2011) New predatory natural enemy for Tussah - Parena cavipennis Bates. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 39 (6), 3613 - 3614." type="journal article" year="2011">
Zhao 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02C22B618FE695927" box="[346,398,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F2FB618FD0A5926" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[599,749,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F2FB618FD0A5926" box="[599,749,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a predatory natural enemy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02915B618FAD45926" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1855" box="[1133,1331,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Antheraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pernyi">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02915B618FAD45926" box="[1133,1331,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Antheraea pernyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Guérin-Méneville), the tussah silkworm, in Liaoning province. Larvae of the beetle bite the ventral side of the silkworm, sucking its body fluids and causing death in days. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02FB6B6D0FC85599E" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[718,866,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02FB6B6D0FC85599E" box="[718,866,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also reported as predaceous on larvae of various lepidopteral pests, including twenty-eight species belonging to ten families, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF0293AB6B4FACB59B3" authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" box="[1090,1324,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Argidae" genus="Arge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="captiva">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF0293AB6B4FB3759B2" box="[1090,1232,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Arge captiva</emphasis>
(Smith)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02842B6B4FA7F59B3" box="[1338,1432,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Argidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Argidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02DEFB688FED65857" box="[151,305,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02C30B688FE2A5857" author="Zhou, X. T." box="[328,461,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="56 - 60" refId="ref113522" refString="Zhou, X. T. (1988) Studies on the biology and host of Parena rufotestacea Jedl (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Natural Enemies of Insects, 10 (1), 56 - 60." type="journal article" year="1988">Zhou, 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02CA0B688FD7D5857" author="Zhao, S. &amp; Dong, X. G. &amp; Li, X. S. &amp; Zhang, Q. S. &amp; Dong, C. Y. &amp; Mu, X. Q. &amp; Liang, H. B." box="[472,666,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3613 - 3614" refId="ref113446" refString="Zhao, S. W, Dong, X. G., Li, X. S., Zhang, Q. S., Dong, C. Y., Mu, X. Q. &amp; Liang, H. B. (2011) New predatory natural enemy for Tussah - Parena cavipennis Bates. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 39 (6), 3613 - 3614." type="journal article" year="2011">
Zhao 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F61B688FDAD5857" box="[537,586,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02FD4B688FCD15857" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[684,822,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02FD4B688FCD15857" box="[684,822,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. latecincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported as predaceous on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF029E1B688FE72586B" authority="(Wileman)" baseAuthorityName="Wileman" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Termioptycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF029E1B688FA7A5857" box="[1177,1437,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Termioptycha bilineata</emphasis>
(Wileman) (Pyralidae)
</taxonomicName>
, an important pest on the staghorn sumac in Beijing. Both larvae and adults of the beetle can attack pyralid moth larvae inside their leaf rolls (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02FC1B740FC99580F" author="Zhao, H. L. &amp; Yu, G. Y. &amp; Wang, H. &amp; Yao, F. S. &amp; Feng, S. K. &amp; Liu, X." box="[697,894,1339,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1641 - 1645" refId="ref113363" refString="Zhao, H. L., Yu, G. Y., Wang, H., Yao, F. S., Feng, S. K. &amp; Liu, X. (2014) Morphology and life-history characteristics of a new insect pest of the staghorn sumac and the smoketree: the pyralid moth Termioptycha bilineata (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 51 (6), 1641 - 1645." type="journal article" year="2014">
Zhao 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F83B740FCCB580F" box="[763,812,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
., 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB724FEC258BF" blockId="19.[151,1437,402,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02D9FB724FECD5823" box="[231,298,1375,1401]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76255FFF02C44B724FE415823" box="[316,422,1375,1401]" country="China" name="Liaoning" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02CC3B724FDB75822" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[443,592,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02CC3B724FDB75822" box="[443,592,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hibernates in the adult stage in dry habitat under trees, such as under dirt clumps, rocks, or dead leaves. Adults are active between May and October. The egg stage starts from middle July, lasting about five days. The average stadia of larvae, prepupa and pupa are 9–12d, 2–3d, 8–10d, respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02819B7DCFEFE58BF" author="Zhao, S. &amp; Dong, X. G. &amp; Li, X. S. &amp; Zhang, Q. S. &amp; Dong, C. Y. &amp; Mu, X. Q. &amp; Liang, H. B." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3613 - 3614" refId="ref113446" refString="Zhao, S. W, Dong, X. G., Li, X. S., Zhang, Q. S., Dong, C. Y., Mu, X. Q. &amp; Liang, H. B. (2011) New predatory natural enemy for Tussah - Parena cavipennis Bates. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 39 (6), 3613 - 3614." type="journal article" year="2011">
Zhao 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02DEFB7B0FF2F58BF" box="[151,200,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB794FB385B0B" blockId="19.[151,1437,402,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Larvae of some East Asian species have been illustrated and described by different authors: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF029B7B794FA7B5B53" author="Habu, A. &amp; Sadanaga, K. &amp; Minamikawa, J." box="[1231,1436,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="305 - 308" refId="ref111000" refString="Habu, A., Sadanaga, K. &amp; Minamikawa, J. (1963) Additional notes on predators (Carabidae) of the tea nettle grub, Phrixolepia sericea Butler. Kontyu, 31, 305 - 308." type="journal article" year="1963">
Habu 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF0286AB794FAA35B53" box="[1298,1348,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. (1963)
</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02DC6B468FE095B76" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1964" box="[190,494,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nigrolineata" subSpecies="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02DC6B468FE095B76" box="[190,494,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. nigrolineata nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F6CB468FD505B77" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[532,695,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F6CB468FD505B77" box="[532,695,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02FB7B468FC0D5B77" author="Habu, A. &amp; Sadanaga, K." box="[719,1002,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="391 - 397" refId="ref110956" refString="Habu, A. &amp; Sadanaga, K. (1967) Description of the larva of Parena (Parena) perforata (Bates) with some notes on its life history (Carabidae). Kontyu, 35, 391 - 397." type="journal article" year="1967">Habu &amp; Sadanaga (1967)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF0296FB468FB7C5B77" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1047,1179,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF0296FB468FB7C5B77" box="[1047,1179,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. perforata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF029B9B468FAAF5B77" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1217,1352,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF029B9B468FAAF5B77" box="[1217,1352,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02818B468FF055B0B" author="Habu, A." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="63 - 73" refId="ref110880" refString="Habu, A. (1981) Larvae of two species of Lebiini (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan, 36 (1), 63 - 73." type="journal article" year="1981">Habu (1981)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02C68B44CFE435B0A" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[272,420,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02C68B44CFE435B0A" box="[272,420,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02CCAB44CFDB65B0B" author="Hondo, M." box="[434,593,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref111081" refString="Hondo, M. (2012) Bionomics of arboreal carabid beetles, the genus of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Japan. New Entomologist, 61 (1, 2), 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2012">Hondo (2012)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F07B44CFCF05B0A" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[639,791,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F07B44CFCF05B0A" box="[639,791,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. tripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46255FFF02E2DB44CFBC75B0B" author="Zhao, H. L. &amp; Yu, G. Y. &amp; Wang, H. &amp; Yao, F. S. &amp; Feng, S. K. &amp; Liu, X." box="[853,1056,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1641 - 1645" refId="ref113363" refString="Zhao, H. L., Yu, G. Y., Wang, H., Yao, F. S., Feng, S. K. &amp; Liu, X. (2014) Morphology and life-history characteristics of a new insect pest of the staghorn sumac and the smoketree: the pyralid moth Termioptycha bilineata (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 51 (6), 1641 - 1645." type="journal article" year="2014">
Zhao 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02EEEB44CFC205B0B" box="[918,967,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02936B44CFB305B0B" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1102,1239,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02936B44CFB305B0B" box="[1102,1239,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. latecincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DEFB405FE055BC2" blockId="19.[151,1437,1662,2013]" box="[151,482,1662,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02DEFB405FE055BC2" bold="true" box="[151,482,1662,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diversity and biogeography</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF02DBFB4D8FAF85ACF" blockId="19.[151,1437,1662,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02C3BB4D8FE735BE6" box="[323,404,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02C3BB4D8FE735BE6" box="[323,404,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of 46 species classified into three subgenera. This genus has an extensive distributional range in the Old World Tropics, from West Africa eastward through 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF0297FB4BCFB775BBB" box="[1031,1168,1735,1761]" name="Madagascar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF029E2B4BCFB315BBB" box="[1178,1238,1735,1761]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
, and Indochina to the Malay Archipelago, and easternmost to 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02FFBB490FCD55A5F" box="[643,818,1771,1797]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02E11B490FC5E5A5F" box="[873,953,1771,1797]" name="Samoa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Samoa</collectingCountry>
; southward to the eastern coastal region of 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02DEFB574FEE65A73" box="[151,257,1807,1833]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Australia</collectingCountry>
; and northward through 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02F6DB574FD995A73" box="[533,638,1807,1833]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">East Asia</collectingCountry>
to Primorye, 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02E62B574FC8F5A73" box="[794,872,1807,1833]" name="Russia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Russia</collectingCountry>
. The specific diversity of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF029ACB574FAC25A72" box="[1236,1317,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF029ACB574FAC25A72" box="[1236,1317,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Asia is far richer than that from Africa or 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02F57B548FD7E5A17" box="[559,665,1843,1869]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Australia</collectingCountry>
. The highest species richness occurs in south 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF029E2B548FB3A5A17" box="[1178,1245,1843,1869]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
and on the south slope of the Himalayan Range (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06255FFF02C8EB52CFDD85A2B" box="[502,575,1879,1905]" captionStart="MAP 1" captionStartId="20.[152,211,992,1016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,968]" captionTargetId="figure-59@20.[151,1436,237,968]" captionText="MAP 1. Distributional range and species richness of genus Parena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963956/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Map 1</figureCitation>
). For example, in some regions (e.g., southern 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76255FFF02934B52CFB455A2B" box="[1100,1186,1879,1905]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76255FFF029AFB52CFAD65A2B" box="[1239,1329,1879,1905]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
of southern 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02DBAB500FEEF5ACF" box="[194,264,1915,1941]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
, as many as thirteen species occur in an area of no more than ten thousand square kilometers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356255FFF72DBFB5E4FB9E5D8F" blockId="19.[151,1437,1662,2013]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Among the three subgenera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66255FFF02F5BB5E4FD935AE2" box="[547,628,1951,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276255FFF02F5BB5E4FD935AE2" box="[547,628,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the nominotypical subgenus has the widest distributional range, reaching from Africa and 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56255FFF02C04B5B8FE015A87" box="[380,486,1987,2013]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Australia</collectingCountry>
. The other two subgenera are confined to the Oriental Realm, the eastern part of Palaearctic Realm, and 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72CF9B2ECFDBC5DEB" box="[385,603,151,177]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. The subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72E7CB2ECFC7D5DEB" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[772,922,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72E7CB2ECFC7D5DEB" box="[772,922,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most diverse in the Malay Archipelago, and the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72C48B2C0FE2F5D8F" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[304,456,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C48B2C0FE2F5D8F" box="[304,456,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges farther north with its highest diversity in south 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72956B2C0FB925D8F" box="[1070,1141,187,213]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5197BD6252FFF72DE0B19BFCA35EAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963956" box="[152,836,992,1016]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[152,211,992,1016]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,968]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356252FFF72DE0B19BFCA35EAD" blockId="20.[152,836,992,1016]" box="[152,836,992,1016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72DE0B19BFF0B5EA2" bold="true" box="[152,236,992,1016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MAP 1.</emphasis>
Distributional range and species richness of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72F8CB19AFCD95EA2" box="[756,830,993,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72F8CB19AFCD95EA2" box="[756,830,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356252FFF72DBFB65DFEDE5843" blockId="20.[151,1437,1062,1629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Members of some species groups have strictly allopatric distributions, showing examples of geographical replacement. For example, in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72F78B630FDBA593E" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[512,605,1099,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72F78B630FDBA593E" box="[512,605,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06252FFF72E69B631FCB9593E" box="[785,862,1098,1124]" captionStart="MAP 7" captionStartId="57.[152,211,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,181,979]" captionTargetId="figure-19@57.[200,1388,181,979]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="MAP 7. Distributions for species in the Parena (Bothynoptera) tesari group" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963671/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Map 7</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72E0DB630FBAE593E" authority="(Jedlicka)" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[885,1097,1098,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72E0DB630FC35593E" box="[885,978,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. tesari</emphasis>
(Jedlička)
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in south 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72DEFB615FF3A59D2" box="[151,221,1134,1160]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">China</collectingCountry>
, while its adelphotaxon, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72C85B614FD2E59D3" authority="Mateu" authorityName="Mateu. F" authorityYear="1977" box="[509,713,1134,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C85B614FD9259D2" box="[509,629,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. obscura</emphasis>
Mateu
</taxonomicName>
, is only from 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72E16B615FC5859D2" box="[878,959,1134,1160]" name="Bhutan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72E83B615FBA559D2" box="[1019,1090,1134,1160]" name="Nepal" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nepal</collectingCountry>
. In the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF729E3B614FAA659D2" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1179,1345,1134,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF729E3B614FAA659D2" box="[1179,1345,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06252FFF72D9EB6E9FED859F6" box="[230,319,1170,1196]" captionStart="MAP 10" captionStartId="95.[152,211,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-19@95.[164,1423,181,1147]" captionText="MAP 10. Distributions for species in the Parena (Parena) nigrolineata group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963687/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Map 10</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72C2CB6E8FD9D59F6" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[340,634,1170,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C2CB6E8FE1F59F6" box="[340,504,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
(Chaudoir)
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in the area west to Weber's Line, while its adelphotaxon 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72DA5B6CCFE57598A" authority="(Macleay)" baseAuthorityName="Macleay" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[221,432,1206,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72DA5B6CCFED1598A" box="[221,310,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. picea</emphasis>
(Macleay)
</taxonomicName>
is from the area east of Weber's Line. In the species groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF7290DB6CCFAE8598A" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1141,1295,1206,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF7290DB6CCFAE8598A" box="[1141,1295,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. laesipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72866B6CCFA72598A" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1310,1429,1207,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72866B6CCFA72598A" box="[1310,1429,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72DEFB6A0FEE359AE" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,260,1243,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72DEFB6A0FEE359AE" box="[151,260,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72C39B6A0FE5D59AE" box="[321,442,1242,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C39B6A0FE5D59AE" box="[321,442,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. plagiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all species are strictly allopatric with some very widely distributed and others restricted to small areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356252FFF72DBFB759FC0F5B07" blockId="20.[151,1437,1062,1629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Although some species are very common and widely distributed (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72EA9B758FB935866" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[977,1140,1314,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72EA9B758FB935866" box="[977,1140,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Asia, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF7285BB758FA7B5866" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1315,1436,1314,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF7285BB758FA7B5866" box="[1315,1436,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from African Continent), several species in the genus are relatively rare in collections. Some of these rare species are very narrowly distributed (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72F5AB710FD6A58DE" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[546,653,1387,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72F5AB710FD6A58DE" box="[546,653,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. picipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72FECB711FD3458DE" bold="true" box="[660,723,1386,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6252FFF72FECB711FD3458DE" box="[660,723,1386,1412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72E70B710FBC658DE" authority="Andrewes" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. U" authorityYear="1931" box="[776,1057,1386,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72E70B710FC4D58DE" box="[776,938,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. pendleburyi</emphasis>
Andrewes
</taxonomicName>
are endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF729AAB711FA8E58DF" box="[1234,1385,1386,1413]" name="Malaysia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">north Borneo</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72DEFB7F4FEDB58F2" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,316,1422,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72DEFB7F4FEDB58F2" box="[151,316,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C3CB7F5FE6358F2" bold="true" box="[324,388,1422,1448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6252FFF72C3CB7F5FE6358F2" box="[324,388,1422,1448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is endemic to north 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72F14B7F5FD4058F2" box="[620,679,1422,1448]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Laos</collectingCountry>
). A few species are only known from the 
<typeStatus id="549579976252FFF72903B7F5FB3A58F2" box="[1147,1245,1422,1448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
material (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF728F0B7F4FEEA5896" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonggaica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF728F0B7F4FEEA5896" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. gonggaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C6CB7C9FEB35896" bold="true" box="[276,340,1458,1484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6252FFF72C6CB7C9FEB35896" box="[276,340,1458,1484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Sichuan, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72F48B7C8FCF35896" authority="Basilewsky" authorityName="Basilewsky. C" authorityYear="1955" box="[560,788,1458,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorae">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72F48B7C8FD6B5896" box="[560,652,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. dorae</emphasis>
Basilewsky
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72E2FB7C9FC495896" box="[855,942,1458,1484]" name="Angola" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Angola</collectingCountry>
), however some others are relatively widely distributed but still known from only very few specimens (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72E14B7ACFBB258AA" authority="Shibata" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[876,1109,1494,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72E14B7ACFC1F58AA" box="[876,1016,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. monticola</emphasis>
Shibata
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF729E3B7ADFB0658AA" box="[1179,1249,1494,1520]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">China</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72866B7ACFA9458AA" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1310,1395,1494,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72866B7ACFA9458AA" box="[1310,1395,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72803B7ADFF495B4E" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6252FFF72803B7ADFF495B4E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Southeast Africa). It seems to be very difficult to collect these rare species on low vegetation, because individuals of some species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72C92B464FD615B62" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[490,646,1567,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C92B464FD615B62" box="[490,646,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. emarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72FF6B465FD295B62" bold="true" box="[654,718,1566,1592]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6252FFF72FF6B465FD295B62" box="[654,718,1566,1592]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72E6BB465FCBF5B62" box="[787,856,1566,1592]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">China</collectingCountry>
) of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72958B465FB5F5B62" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1056,1208,1566,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72958B465FB5F5B62" box="[1056,1208,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were only collected from the canopy of medium-sized trees, by using a long-stick sweeping net.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356252FFF72DEFB4F1FDA05BFE" blockId="20.[151,1437,1674,2025]" box="[151,583,1674,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72DEFB4F1FDA05BFE" bold="true" box="[151,583,1674,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Species excluded from genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72C8BB4F1FDA05BFE" box="[499,583,1674,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C8BB4F1FDA05BFE" bold="true" box="[499,583,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356252FFF72DBFB4D5FBCB5A4B" blockId="20.[151,1437,1674,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46252FFF72DBFB4D5FE6B5B92" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[199,396,1710,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref109781" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1947) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Coleoptera: Carabidae. Collected by Rene Malaise. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 38 A nr. 20, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Andrewes (1947)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72F70B4D5FD015B92" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1947" box="[520,742,1710,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sticta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72F70B4D5FD015B92" box="[520,742,1710,1736]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bothynoptera sticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on 
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6252FFF72E22B4D5FBE15B92" box="[858,1030,1710,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
collected from Kambaiti in 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56252FFF72831B4D4FA7E5B93" box="[1353,1433,1711,1737]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Burma</collectingCountry>
. This species was mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46252FFF72C83B4A9FD4E5BB6" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[507,681,1746,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="269 - 579" refId="ref111456" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579." type="journal article" year="1963">Jedlička (1963)</bibRefCitation>
but its taxonomic status has not been discussed after that. In recent catalogues (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46252FFF72C66B48CFE515A4B" author="Lorenz, W." box="[286,438,1782,1809]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref112064" refString="Lorenz, W. (2005) Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta Coleoptera Geadephaga: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae), second edition. Tutzing: Wolfgang Lorenz, 530 pp." type="book" year="2005">Lorenz, 2005</bibRefCitation>
; L̂bl &amp; L̂bl, 2017), it was placed in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72EACB48CFBC25A4A" box="[980,1061,1783,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72EACB48CFBC25A4A" box="[980,1061,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356252FFF62DBFB561FDA75DA3" blockId="20.[151,1437,1674,2025]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
A few years ago, the senior author examined 
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6252FFF72FB2B560FCBC5A6F" box="[714,859,1819,1845]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06252FFF72E14B561FC365A6E" box="[876,977,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,530,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-204@21.[151,1436,525,1539]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Peliocypas stictus (Andrewes, 1947) comb. nov. A Habitus of holotype, B Habitus of paratype (NHML), C Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958961/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
) of this species in NHML, and later, the 
<typeStatus id="549579976252FFF72DEFB545FF1E5A02" box="[151,249,1854,1880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06252FFF72C71B545FE895A02" box="[265,366,1854,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,530,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-204@21.[151,1436,525,1539]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Peliocypas stictus (Andrewes, 1947) comb. nov. A Habitus of holotype, B Habitus of paratype (NHML), C Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958961/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) and another 
<typeStatus id="549579976252FFF72F72B544FD8D5A03" box="[522,618,1855,1881]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
deposited in NHRS were examined through photos thanks to the help of Dr. J. Bergsten. Based on these, we found that this species is different from all members of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF7287DB518FAB15A26" box="[1285,1366,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF7287DB518FAB15A26" box="[1285,1366,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following aspects: (1) mandibles not widened, outer margins nearly straight; (2) interval 3 of elytra with only two setigerous pores; (3) terminal palpomeres acuminate to apex; (4) eyes not hemispheric, much less convex than other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66252FFF72C75B5B4FEB95AB2" box="[269,350,1999,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276252FFF72C75B5B4FEB95AB2" box="[269,350,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and (5) metatarsomere 1 longer than the combination of following two tarsomeres. Although we didn’t study the ventral or genital characters of this species, all the above character states support well that this species actually belongs to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62F6DB2C0FC925D8F" authority="Schmidt-Gbel. We" authorityName="Schmidt-Gbel. We" box="[533,885,187,215]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Peliocypas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62F6DB2C0FD775D8F" box="[533,656,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Peliocypas</emphasis>
Schmidt-Ĝbel. We
</taxonomicName>
propose the new combination herein: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62859B2C1FE505DA2" authority="(Andrewes, 1947)" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Peliocypas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stictus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62859B2C1FE505DA2" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62859B2C1FF075DA3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Peliocypas stictus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46253FFF62D97B2A5FE575DA2" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[239,432,222,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref109781" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1947) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Coleoptera: Carabidae. Collected by Rene Malaise. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 38 A nr. 20, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Andrewes, 1947</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6253FFF62CC6B2A4FDA75DA3" box="[446,576,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62CC6B2A4FDDD5DA3" bold="true" box="[446,570,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6253FFF62DBFB379FBDC5CAF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62DBFB379FBDC5CAF" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62DBFB379FDD65C47" bold="true" box="[199,561,258,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Materials examined. 
<typeStatus id="549579976253FFF62CBCB378FDD65C47" box="[452,561,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(NHRS): examined by photo, &quot;N.E. 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56253FFF62EADB378FBDD5C47" box="[981,1082,259,285]" name="Myanmar" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BURMA</collectingCountry>
/ Kambaiti, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06253FFF629B1B378FAC65C47" box="[1225,1313,259,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="ft" value="7000.0">7000 ft.</quantity>
/ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62840B378FA7B5C47" box="[1336,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<date id="FF90E1F56253FFF62840B378FA7B5C47" box="[1336,1436,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1934-05-03">3/5 1934</date>
</emphasis>
/ R. MALAISE&quot;, &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C13B35CFDE45C1B" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[363,515,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C13B35CFDE45C1B" box="[363,515,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62F62B35CFDB05C1A" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1947" box="[538,599,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sticta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62F62B35CFDB05C1A" box="[538,599,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62F17B35CFD115C1B" box="[623,758,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type Andr. /</emphasis>
H.E. Andrewes det.&quot;. &quot;Typus&quot; [red label], &quot;Figured / Specimen&quot;, &quot;7883 / E91+&quot; [blue label], &quot;NHRS-JLKB / 000020252&quot; &lt;
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06253FFF62E14B330FBF45C3F" box="[876,1043,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,530,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-204@21.[151,1436,525,1539]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Peliocypas stictus (Andrewes, 1947) comb. nov. A Habitus of holotype, B Habitus of paratype (NHML), C Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958961/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 13A, 13C</figureCitation>
&gt;. 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62956B330FB485C3F" bold="true" box="[1070,1199,331,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="549579976253FFF62956B330FB4D5C3F" box="[1070,1194,331,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
1 ex (NHRS), examined by photo, &quot;N.E. 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56253FFF62CF2B314FE085CD3" box="[394,495,367,393]" name="Myanmar" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BURMA</collectingCountry>
/ Kambaiti, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06253FFF62F07B314FD305CD3" box="[639,727,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="ft" value="7000.0">7000 ft.</quantity>
/ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62F97B315FC8C5CD3" box="[751,875,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<date id="FF90E1F56253FFF62F97B315FC8C5CD3" box="[751,875,366,393]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1934-06-04" valueMax="1934-06-08" valueMin="1934-06-04">4-8/6 1934</date>
</emphasis>
/ R. MALAISE&quot;, &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF6293FB314FB385CD3" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1095,1247,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF6293FB314FB385CD3" box="[1095,1247,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62980B314FAD25CD2" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1947" box="[1272,1333,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sticta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62980B314FAD25CD2" box="[1272,1333,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62835B314FF055CF7" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cotype Andr. /</emphasis>
H.E. Andrewes det.&quot;. &quot; 
<typeStatus id="549579976253FFF62C9BB3E8FDBE5CF7" box="[483,601,403,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
&quot; [red label], &quot;7884 / E91+&quot; [blue label], &quot;NHRS-JLKB / 000020253&quot;. 1 ex (NHML), &quot;N.E. 
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56253FFF62C29B3CCFE515C8B" box="[337,438,439,465]" name="Myanmar" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BURMA</collectingCountry>
/ Kambaiti, 
<quantity id="4CD66AD06253FFF62F3AB3CCFD7D5C8B" box="[578,666,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="ft" value="7000.0">7000 ft.</quantity>
/ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62FC8B3CDFCC65C8B" box="[688,801,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<date id="FF90E1F56253FFF62FC8B3CDFCC65C8B" box="[688,801,438,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1934-06-20">20/6 1934</date>
</emphasis>
/ R. MALAISE&quot;, &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62E82B3CCFB755C8B" authority="Schaum, 1863" box="[1018,1170,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62E82B3CCFB755C8B" box="[1018,1170,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF629D0B3CCFB025C8A" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1947" box="[1192,1253,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sticta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF629D0B3CCFB025C8A" box="[1192,1253,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62983B3CCFA7B5C8B" box="[1275,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cotype Andr. /</emphasis>
H.E. Andrewes det.&quot;. &quot;Co- / type&quot; [round label with green circle label] &lt;
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06253FFF62EBAB3A0FBC25CAF" box="[962,1061,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,530,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-204@21.[151,1436,525,1539]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Peliocypas stictus (Andrewes, 1947) comb. nov. A Habitus of holotype, B Habitus of paratype (NHML), C Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958961/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
&gt;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5197BD6253FFF62DEFB461FE315B0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958961/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[151,250,1562,1586]" targetBox="[162,1421,530,1526]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62DEFB461FE315B0C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1562,1622]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62DEFB461FEFF5B68" bold="true" box="[151,280,1562,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 13</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C5CB461FD745B68" authority="(Andrewes, 1947)" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[292,659,1562,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Peliocypas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stictus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C5CB461FE3E5B68" box="[292,473,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Peliocypas stictus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46253FFF62C9DB461FD6B5B68" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[485,652,1562,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref109781" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1947) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Coleoptera: Carabidae. Collected by Rene Malaise. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 38 A nr. 20, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Andrewes, 1947</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62FE0B461FCC55B68" bold="true" box="[664,802,1562,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6253FFF62FE0B461FCEC5B68" box="[664,779,1562,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A
</emphasis>
Habitus of holotype, 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62E82B461FBEC5B68" bold="true" box="[1018,1035,1562,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
Habitus of paratype (NHML), 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62839B461FAB45B68" bold="true" box="[1345,1363,1562,1586]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6253FFF42DEFB4D3FD7958C7" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62DEFB4D3FD575B98" blockId="21.[151,688,1704,1731]" box="[151,688,1704,1731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62DEFB4D3FD575B98" bold="true" box="[151,688,1704,1731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Checklist of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C00B4D2FD575B98" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[376,688,1704,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C00B4D2FE2B5B99" bold="true" box="[376,460,1705,1731]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46253FFF62CABB4D2FD575B98" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[467,688,1704,1731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="25 - 118" refId="ref112373" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes orientales, et de contrees analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques, 8 [1859], 25 - 118." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62DEFB48BFD815A50" blockId="21.[151,761,1776,2019]" box="[151,614,1776,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62DEFB48BFD815A50" bold="true" box="[151,614,1776,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C69B48BFD815A50" authority="Chaudoir, 1872" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1872" box="[273,614,1776,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C69B48BFE4F5A51" bold="true" box="[273,424,1776,1803]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46253FFF62CD7B48BFD815A50" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[431,614,1776,1802]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="97 - 204" refId="ref110142" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204." type="journal article" year="1872">Chaudoir, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62DBFB56EFDB45A75" blockId="21.[151,761,1776,2019]" box="[199,595,1812,1839]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62D9BB56EFE535A74" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[227,436,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62D9BB56EFE535A74" box="[227,436,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parena cavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62D8FB542FD6A5A09" blockId="21.[151,761,1776,2019]" box="[247,653,1849,1875]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
[1] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C67B542FD6A5A09" authority="(Bates, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[287,653,1849,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C67B542FE085A08" box="[287,495,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parena cavipennis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46253FFF62C86B542FD635A09" author="Bates, H. W." box="[510,644,1849,1875]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="229 - 322" refId="ref109990" refString="Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322." type="journal article" year="1873">Bates, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62C2FB526FD1E5A2D" blockId="21.[151,761,1776,2019]" box="[343,761,1884,1911]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C2FB526FD6D5A2D" authority="Jedlicka, 1934" authorityName="Jedlicka" authorityYear="1934" box="[343,650,1884,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufotestacea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C2FB526FE065A2D" box="[343,481,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">rufotestacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46253FFF62C91B527FD6D5A2D" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[489,650,1884,1911]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref111269" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1934) Carabiden aus Ostasien. (5 Teil.). Casopis Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Entomologicke, 31, 13 - 19." type="journal article" year="1934">Jedlička, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62FE9B526FD1E5A2D" bold="true" box="[657,761,1885,1911]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6253FFF62FE9B526FD1E5A2D" box="[657,761,1885,1911]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62DBFB5FAFDBE5AC1" blockId="21.[151,761,1776,2019]" box="[199,601,1920,1947]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
2. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62D9BB5FAFE5D5AC0" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[227,442,1920,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62D9BB5FAFE5D5AC0" box="[227,442,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parena laesipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62D8FB5DEFD745AE5" blockId="21.[151,761,1776,2019]" box="[247,659,1956,1983]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
[2] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C67B5DEFD745AE5" authority="(Bates, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[287,659,1956,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laesipennis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C67B5DEFE125AE4" box="[287,501,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parena laesipennis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46253FFF62F7CB5DEFD6C5AE5" author="Bates, H. W." box="[516,651,1957,1983]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="229 - 322" refId="ref109990" refString="Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322." type="journal article" year="1873">Bates, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356253FFF62D8FB5B2FD9E5AB9" blockId="21.[151,761,1776,2019]" box="[247,633,1992,2019]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
[3] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66253FFF62C67B5B2FD9E5AB9" authority="Andrewes, 1931" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. D" authorityYear="1931" box="[287,633,1992,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276253FFF62C67B5B2FE5C5AB8" box="[287,443,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parena levata</emphasis>
Andrewes, 1931
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB2ECFD4F5DEB" blockId="22.[199,764,150,393]" box="[247,680,150,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[4] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C67B2ECFD4F5DEB" authority="Jedlicka, 1952" authorityName="Jedlicka" authorityYear="1952" box="[287,680,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obenbergeri">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C67B2ECFE185DEB" box="[287,511,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena obenbergeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F7EB2ECFD4F5DEB" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[518,680,150,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="207 - 211" refId="ref111420" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1952) Les Carabides nouveaux de la zone palaearctique (Col.). Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze, 27 [1951], 207 - 211." type="journal article" year="1952">Jedlička, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DBFB2C0FDD05D8F" blockId="22.[199,764,150,393]" box="[199,567,187,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52D9BB2C0FE7F5D8E" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[227,408,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52D9BB2C0FE7F5D8E" box="[227,408,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena testacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB2A5FD7D5DA3" blockId="22.[199,764,150,393]" box="[247,666,222,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[5] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C67B2A4FD7D5DA3" authority="(Chaudoir, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[287,666,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C67B2A4FE345DA2" box="[287,467,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena testacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52C99B2A4FD765DA3" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[481,657,223,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="97 - 204" refId="ref110142" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204." type="journal article" year="1872">Chaudoir, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB378FD1B5C47" blockId="22.[199,764,150,393]" box="[247,764,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[6] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C67B378FD1B5C47" authority="Kirschenhofer, 2006" authorityName="Kirschenhofer. D" authorityYear="2006" box="[287,764,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C67B378FDE85C47" box="[287,527,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena sulawesiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F6FB378FD1B5C47" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[535,764,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref111612" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="2006">Kirschenhofer, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB35CFD6E5C1B" blockId="22.[199,764,150,393]" box="[247,649,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[7] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C67B35CFD6E5C1B" authority="(Chaudoir, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[287,649,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C67B35CFE255C1B" box="[287,450,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena mellea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CA8B35CFD675C1B" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[464,640,295,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="97 - 204" refId="ref110142" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204." type="journal article" year="1872">Chaudoir, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB330FD6A5C3F" blockId="22.[199,764,150,393]" box="[247,653,330,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[8] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C67B330FD6A5C3F" authority="Andrewes, 1935" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. G" authorityYear="1935" box="[287,653,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruralis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C67B330FE375C3F" box="[287,464,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena cruralis</emphasis>
Andrewes, 1935
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB314FDC15CD3" blockId="22.[199,764,150,393]" box="[247,550,367,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[9] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C67B314FE225CD3" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[287,453,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C67B314FE225CD3" box="[287,453,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52CB4B314FDC15CD3" bold="true" box="[460,550,367,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52CB4B314FDC15CD3" box="[460,550,367,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DEFB3CDFDBB5C8A" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[151,604,438,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52DEFB3CDFDBB5C8A" bold="true" box="[151,604,438,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C69B3CDFDBB5C8A" authority="Schaum, 1863" authorityName="Schaum" authorityYear="1863" box="[273,604,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C69B3CDFE495C8B" bold="true" box="[273,430,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CCDB3CDFDBB5C8A" author="Schaum, H. R." box="[437,604,438,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref112815" refString="Schaum, H. R. (1863) Descriptions of four new genera of Carabidae. The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical, 2, 74 - 78." type="journal article" year="1863">Schaum, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DBFB3A0FD825CAF" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[199,613,475,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
4. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52D9BB3A0FE225CAF" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[227,453,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52D9BB3A0FE225CAF" box="[227,453,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB384FD885F43" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,623,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[10] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B384FDE95F43" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,526,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B384FDE95F43" box="[301,526,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena heteronycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52F6EB384FD885F43" bold="true" box="[534,623,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52F6EB384FD885F43" box="[534,623,511,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DBFB059FDAF5F67" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[199,584,546,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
5. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52D9BB058FE4E5F67" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[227,425,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52D9BB058FE4E5F67" box="[227,425,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena dorsigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB03CFD4C5F3B" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,683,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[11] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C54B03CFD4C5F3B" authority="(Schaum, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Schaum" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[300,683,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsigera">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C54B03CFE165F3B" box="[300,497,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena dorsigera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F78B03CFD445F3B" author="Schaum, H. R." box="[512,675,583,609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="74 - 78" refId="ref112815" refString="Schaum, H. R. (1863) Descriptions of four new genera of Carabidae. The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical, 2, 74 - 78." type="journal article" year="1863">Schaum, 1863</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB010FD2A5FDF" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,717,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB010FDB85FDF" authority="(Bates, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[343,607,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB010FE265FDF" box="[343,449,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">perforata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CA8B010FDB05FDF" author="Bates, H. W." box="[464,599,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="229 - 322" refId="ref109990" refString="Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322." type="journal article" year="1873">Bates, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52F1EB010FD2A5FDF" bold="true" box="[614,717,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52F1EB010FD2A5FDF" box="[614,717,619,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB0F4FCCF5FF3" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,808,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB0F4FD5E5FF3" authority="Kirschenhofer, 1994" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="1994" box="[343,697,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB0F4FE2A5FF3" box="[343,461,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">nepalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CACB0F4FD5E5FF3" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[468,697,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="999 - 1067" refId="ref111570" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (1994) Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 26, 999 - 1067." type="journal article" year="1994">Kirschenhofer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52FB8B0F4FCCF5FF3" bold="true" box="[704,808,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52FB8B0F4FCCF5FF3" box="[704,808,655,681]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB0C8FCAD5F97" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,842,691,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB0C8FD3B5F97" authority="Kirschenhofer, 1996" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="1996" box="[343,732,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kunmingensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB0C8FE085F97" box="[343,495,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">kunmingensis</emphasis>
Kirschenhofer, 1996
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52F9BB0C8FCAD5F97" bold="true" box="[739,842,691,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52F9BB0C8FCAD5F97" box="[739,842,691,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB0ACFD855FAB" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,610,727,753]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[12] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B0ACFD855FAB" authority="Habu, 1967" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1967" box="[301,610,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurosai">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B0ACFE3F5FAB" box="[301,472,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena kurosai</emphasis>
Habu, 1967
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB080FD1B5E4F" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,764,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB080FD695E4F" authority="Kirschenhofer, 2006" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="2006" box="[343,654,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wrasei">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB080FE455E4E" box="[343,418,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">wrasei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CD1B080FD695E4F" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[425,654,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref111612" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="2006">Kirschenhofer, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52FEDB080FD1B5E4F" bold="true" box="[661,764,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52FEDB080FD1B5E4F" box="[661,764,763,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DBFB164FDFC5E63" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[199,539,799,825]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
6. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52D9BB164FE9B5E62" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[227,380,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52D9BB164FE9B5E62" box="[227,380,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena tesari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB138FD675E07" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,640,834,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[13] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B138FD675E07" authority="(Jedlicka, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[301,640,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tesari">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B138FE225E06" box="[301,453,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena tesari</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CACB138FD9F5E07" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[468,632,834,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="59 - 60" refId="ref111384" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1951) Stukie O. Carabidech Palaearcticke Fauny. Etudes sur les Carabides de la faune palaearctique. Acta Musei Silesiae, (A) 1, 59 - 60." type="journal article" year="1951">Jedlička, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB11CFDC55EDB" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,546,871,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB11CFDC55EDB" authority="Habu, 1969" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1969" box="[343,546,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esakii">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB11CFE7F5EDB" box="[343,408,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">esakii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CE7B11CFDC55EDB" author="Habu, A." box="[415,546,871,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="115 - 119" refId="ref110804" refString="Habu, A. (1969) A new species of Parena (Lebiini: Calleidina) from Formosa, with notes on the generic name Calleida (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Kontyu, 37, 115 - 119." type="journal article" year="1969">Habu, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB1F0FCDF5EFF" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,824,907,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB1F0FD2E5EFF" authority="Kirschenhofer, 1996" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="1996" box="[343,713,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nantouensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB1F0FE3A5EFE" box="[343,477,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">nantouensis</emphasis>
Kirschenhofer, 1996
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52FA8B1F0FCDF5EFF" bold="true" box="[720,824,907,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52FA8B1F0FCDF5EFF" box="[720,824,907,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB1D4FCE45E93" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,771,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB1D4FD735E93" authority="Kirschenhofer, 2006" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="2006" box="[343,660,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kataevi">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB1D4FE4F5E93" box="[343,424,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">kataevi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CD7B1D4FD735E93" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[431,660,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref111612" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="2006">Kirschenhofer, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52FE3B1D4FCE45E93" bold="true" box="[667,771,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52FE3B1D4FCE45E93" box="[667,771,943,969]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB1A8FD935EB7" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,628,979,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[14] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B1A8FD935EB7" authority="Mateu, 1977" authorityName="Mateu. F" authorityYear="1977" box="[301,628,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B1A8FE385EB7" box="[301,479,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena obscura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52C9EB1A8FD935EB7" author="Mateu, J." box="[486,628,979,1005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref112190" refString="Mateu, J. (1977) Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Entomologica Basiliensia, 2, 159 - 174." type="journal article" year="1977">Mateu, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DBFB18CFDD1594B" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[199,566,1015,1041]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
7. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52D9BB18CFE71594A" authorityName="Hua. A" authorityYear="2002" box="[227,406,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52D9BB18CFE71594A" box="[227,406,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena taiwana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB661FDBC596F" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,603,1050,1077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[15] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B660FDBC596F" authority="Hua, 2008" authorityName="Hua" authorityYear="2008" box="[301,603,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B660FE38596E" box="[301,479,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena taiwana</emphasis>
Hua, 2008
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB644FD1C5903" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,763,1087,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB644FD975903" authority="Ohkura, 1978" authorityName="Ohkura" authorityYear="1978" box="[343,624,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB644FE285903" box="[343,463,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">formosana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CAEB644FD975903" author="Ohkura, M." box="[470,624,1087,1113]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref112451" refString="Ohkura, M. (1978) A new Parena species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Harpalidae). Entomological Review of Japan, 32 (1 - 2), 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1978">Ohkura, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[homonym]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DBFB618FDBF5927" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[199,600,1123,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
8. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52D9BB618FE5F5926" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[227,440,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52D9BB618FE5F5926" box="[227,440,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena tripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB6FCFD7859FB" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,671,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[16] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B6FCFD7859FB" authority="(Bates, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[301,671,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripunctata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B6FCFDE659FA" box="[301,513,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena tripunctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F69B6FCFD7059FB" author="Bates, H. W." box="[529,663,1159,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="229 - 322" refId="ref109990" refString="Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322." type="journal article" year="1873">Bates, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB6D0FDB9599F" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,606,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB6D0FDB9599F" authority="Chaudoir, 1877" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1877" box="[343,606,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceola">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB6D0FE4E599F" box="[343,425,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">piceola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CC9B6D0FDB9599F" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[433,606,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="188 - 268" refId="ref110168" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1877) Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 52 (2), 188 - 268." type="journal article" year="1877">Chaudoir, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB6B4FD2A59B3" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,717,1231,1257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[17] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B6B4FD2A59B3" authority="Xie &amp; Yu, 1993" authorityName="Xie &amp; Yu. B" authorityYear="1993" box="[301,717,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shapingensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B6B4FDF159B3" box="[301,534,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena shapingensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F65B6B4FD2A59B3" author="Xie, W. P. &amp; Yu, P. Y." box="[541,717,1231,1257]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="185 - 195" refId="ref113326" refString="Xie, W. P. &amp; Yu, P. Y. (1993) On the Chinese species of Parena Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Sinozoologia, 10, 185 - 195." type="journal article" year="1993">Xie &amp; Yu, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB688FCF55857" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,786,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB688FD435857" authority="Kirschenhofer, 1994" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="1994" box="[343,676,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB688FE505856" box="[343,439,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">yunnana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CC7B688FD435857" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[447,676,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="999 - 1067" refId="ref111570" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (1994) Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 26, 999 - 1067." type="journal article" year="1994">Kirschenhofer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52FD3B688FCF55857" bold="true" box="[683,786,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52FD3B688FCF55857" box="[683,786,1267,1293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB76CFD4B586B" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,684,1303,1329]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[18] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B76CFD4B586B" authority="(Bates, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[301,684,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monostigma">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B76CFDE9586A" box="[301,526,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena monostigma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F65B76CFD43586B" author="Bates, H. W." box="[541,676,1303,1329]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="229 - 322" refId="ref109990" refString="Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322." type="journal article" year="1873">Bates, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB740FD85580F" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,610,1339,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB740FE5E580E" box="[343,441,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CB8B740FD85580F" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[448,610,1339,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref111358" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1946) Description des Carabides nouveaux de 1 ' Asie orient. Praha: A. Jedlicka, 16 pp." type="book" year="1946">Jedlička, 1946</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB724FCEB5823" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,780,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB724FD795823" authority="Kirschenhofer, 1994" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="1994" box="[343,670,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB724FE555823" box="[343,434,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">koreana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CC1B724FD795823" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[441,670,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="999 - 1067" refId="ref111570" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (1994) Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 26, 999 - 1067." type="journal article" year="1994">Kirschenhofer, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52FDDB724FCEB5823" bold="true" box="[677,780,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52FDDB724FCEB5823" box="[677,780,1375,1401]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB7F8FD5258C7" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,693,1411,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[19] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B7F8FD5258C7" authority="(Andrewes, 1947)" baseAuthorityName="Andrewes" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[301,693,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B7F8FE0358C7" box="[301,484,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena malaisei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52C8BB7F8FD4A58C7" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[499,685,1411,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref109781" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1947) Entomological results from the Swedish expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Coleoptera: Carabidae. Collected by Rene Malaise. Arkiv f ˆ r Zoologi, 38 A nr. 20, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Andrewes, 1947</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB7DCFD0E589B" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,745,1447,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB7DCFD9C589B" authority="Habu, 1979" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1979" box="[343,635,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB7DCFE16589B" box="[343,497,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">albomaculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52C80B7DCFD9C589B" author="Habu, A." box="[504,635,1447,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="51 - 59" refId="ref110845" refString="Habu, A. (1979) Formosan Lebiini collected by Professor T. Shirozu in 1965 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). The Entomological Review of Japan, 33, 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="1979">Habu, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52FFAB7DCFD0E589B" bold="true" box="[642,745,1447,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52FFAB7DCFD0E589B" box="[642,745,1447,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB7B0FD5058BF" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,695,1483,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[20] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B7B0FD5058BF" authority="Mateu, 1977" authorityName="Mateu. A" authorityYear="1977" box="[301,695,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrisignata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B7B0FDC558BF" box="[301,546,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena quadrisignata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F51B7B0FD5058BF" author="Mateu, J." box="[553,695,1483,1509]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref112190" refString="Mateu, J. (1977) Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Entomologica Basiliensia, 2, 159 - 174." type="journal article" year="1977">Mateu, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52C2FB794FCBB5B53" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[343,860,1519,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB794FD0A5B53" authority="Kirschenhofer, 2011" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="2011" box="[343,749,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phongsalyensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB794FDE55B53" box="[343,514,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">phongsalyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52F71B794FD0A5B53" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[521,749,1519,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="61 - 75" refId="ref111662" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2011) Beschreibungen neuer truncatipenner Carabiden aus Ost- und Sudostasien; eine neue Art der Gattung Craspedophorus Hope, 1838 (Panageaeini) aus Sudostasien; Bemerkungen zu zwei japanischen Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky, 1859. Acta Coleopterologica, 27 (1), 61 - 75." type="journal article" year="2011">Kirschenhofer, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52F8CB794FCBB5B53" bold="true" box="[756,860,1519,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52F8CB794FCBB5B53" box="[756,860,1519,1545]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB468FD815B77" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,614,1555,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[21] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B468FDE25B76" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,517,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B468FDE25B76" box="[301,517,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena emarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52F74B468FD815B77" bold="true" box="[524,614,1555,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52F74B468FD815B77" box="[524,614,1555,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB44CFDBB5B0B" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,604,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[22] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B44CFE1C5B0A" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,507,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonggaica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B44CFE1C5B0A" box="[301,507,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena gonggaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52F7AB44CFDBB5B0B" bold="true" box="[514,604,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52F7AB44CFDBB5B0B" box="[514,604,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52D8FB420FDB75B2F" blockId="22.[151,860,438,1653]" box="[247,592,1627,1653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
[23] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B420FE085B2E" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,495,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triguttata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B420FE085B2E" box="[301,495,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena triguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C8EB420FDB75B2F" bold="true" box="[502,592,1627,1653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52C8EB420FDB75B2F" box="[502,592,1627,1653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DEFB4D9FDAE5BE6" blockId="22.[151,693,1698,2013]" box="[151,585,1698,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52DEFB4D9FDAE5BE6" bold="true" box="[151,585,1698,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C69B4D8FDAE5BE6" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[273,585,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C69B4D8FE825BE7" bold="true" box="[273,357,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52C14B4D8FDAE5BE6" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[364,585,1698,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="25 - 118" refId="ref112373" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes orientales, et de contrees analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques, 8 [1859], 25 - 118." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356250FFF52DEFB4BCFD525A87" blockId="22.[151,693,1698,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Oriental-Australian species 9. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52D9BB490FE6A5A5F" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[227,397,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52D9BB490FE6A5A5F" box="[227,397,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group [24] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B574FD555A73" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[301,690,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B574FE315A73" box="[301,470,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena bicolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CA5B574FD555A73" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[477,690,1807,1833]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="25 - 118" refId="ref112373" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes orientales, et de contrees analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques, 8 [1859], 25 - 118." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[25] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B548FD535A17" authority="Andrewes, 1928" authorityName="Andrewes. A" authorityYear="1928" box="[301,692,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripicta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B548FE105A17" box="[301,503,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena rubripicta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52C84B548FD535A17" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[508,692,1843,1869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref109566" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1928) On the types of Oriental Carabidae described by V. de Motschulsky. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1928. tb 01185. x" type="journal article" year="1928">Andrewes, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[26] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C55B52CFD425A2B" authority="(Chaudoir, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[301,677,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C55B52CFE395A2B" box="[301,478,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parena fasciata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52C94B52CFD7B5A2B" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[492,668,1879,1905]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="97 - 204" refId="ref110142" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1872) Monographie des Callidides. Annales de Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 16, 97 - 204." type="journal article" year="1872">Chaudoir, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB500FD945ACF" authority="(Macleay, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Macleay" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[343,627,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB500FE535ACF" box="[343,436,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">plagiata</emphasis>
(Macleay, 1876)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB5E4FDD75AE3" authority="Csiki, 1932" authorityName="Csiki" authorityYear="1932" box="[343,560,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sloanei">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB5E4FE4F5AE3" box="[343,424,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sloanei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CD7B5E4FDD75AE3" author="Csiki, E." box="[431,560,1951,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1279 - 1598" refId="ref110330" refString="Csiki, E. (1932) Carabidae: Harpalinae VII (Pars 124). In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (eds.), Coleopterorum catalogus. Volumen III. Carabidae III. Berlin: W. Junk, 1933 pp. [pp. 1279 - 1598.]" type="book chapter" year="1932">Csiki, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66250FFF52C2FB5B8FDA15A87" authority="(Heller, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[343,582,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sellata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52C2FB5B8FE455A87" box="[343,418,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sellata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46250FFF52CC9B5B8FDD95A87" author="Heller, K. M." box="[433,574,1987,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="523 - 627" refId="ref111042" refString="Heller, K. M. (1921) New Philippine Coleoptera. The Philippine Journal of Science, 19, 523 - 627. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1235" type="journal article" year="1921">Heller, 1921</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276250FFF52F35B5B8FD525A87" bold="true" box="[589,693,1987,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6250FFF52F35B5B8FD525A87" box="[589,693,1987,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB2ECFD5A5DEB" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[343,701,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB2ECFDA95DEB" authority="(Heller, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[343,590,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB2ECFE4E5DEB" box="[343,425,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">hastata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42CC0B2ECFDA15DEB" author="Heller, K. M." box="[440,582,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="523 - 627" refId="ref111042" refString="Heller, K. M. (1921) New Philippine Coleoptera. The Philippine Journal of Science, 19, 523 - 627. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1235" type="journal article" year="1921">Heller, 1921</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42F2DB2ECFD5A5DEB" bold="true" box="[597,701,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42F2DB2ECFD5A5DEB" box="[597,701,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB2C0FD1E5D8F" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[343,761,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB2C0FD6D5D8F" authority="(Jedlicka, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[343,650,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sellatoides">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB2C0FE285D8F" box="[343,463,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sellatoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42CA6B2C0FD655D8F" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[478,642,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref111324" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1940) Neue Carabiden aus Ostasien. (Hauptsachlich Von der Insel formosa) (XIII. Teil). Praha: A. Jedlicka, 18 pp." type="book" year="1940">Jedlička, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42FE9B2C0FD1E5D8F" bold="true" box="[657,761,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42FE9B2C0FD1E5D8F" box="[657,761,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB2A4FD095DA3" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[343,750,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB2A4FD985DA3" authority="Louwerens, 1949" authorityName="Louwerens" authorityYear="1949" box="[343,639,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB2A4FE515DA3" box="[343,438,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">unicolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42CC5B2A4FD985DA3" author="Louwerens, C. J." box="[445,639,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref112108" refString="Louwerens, C. J. (1949) Some notes on the Carabidae, collected by Mr. P. H. van Doesburg in the Malay Archipelago with descriptions of new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 90, 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1949">Louwerens, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42FFEB2A4FD095DA3" bold="true" box="[646,750,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42FFEB2A4FD095DA3" box="[646,750,223,249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB378FCCE5C47" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[343,809,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB378FD5D5C47" authority="Kirschenhofer, 2011" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="2011" box="[343,698,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB378FE285C46" box="[343,463,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sumatrana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42CAEB378FD5D5C47" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[470,698,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="61 - 75" refId="ref111662" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2011) Beschreibungen neuer truncatipenner Carabiden aus Ost- und Sudostasien; eine neue Art der Gattung Craspedophorus Hope, 1838 (Panageaeini) aus Sudostasien; Bemerkungen zu zwei japanischen Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky, 1859. Acta Coleopterologica, 27 (1), 61 - 75." type="journal article" year="2011">Kirschenhofer, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42FB9B378FCCE5C47" bold="true" box="[705,809,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42FB9B378FCCE5C47" box="[705,809,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DBFB35CFD945C1B" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[199,627,295,321]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
10. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42D89B35CFE345C1B" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[241,467,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42D89B35CFE345C1B" box="[241,467,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena nigrolineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB330FD325C3F" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,725,330,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[27] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B330FD325C3F" authority="(Chaudoir, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[301,725,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B330FDE95C3F" box="[301,526,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena nigrolineata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42F65B330FD2A5C3F" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[541,717,330,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="3 - 104" refId="ref110103" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1852) Memoire sur la famille des carabiques. 3 e partie. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25 (1), 3 - 104." type="journal article" year="1852">Chaudoir, 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB314FD325CD3" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[343,725,367,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB314FE3A5CD2" box="[343,477,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">nipponensis</emphasis>
Habu, 1964 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42F16B314FD325CD3" bold="true" box="[622,725,367,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42F16B314FD325CD3" box="[622,725,367,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB3E8FCB55CF7" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[343,850,403,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB3E8FD045CF7" authority="Kirschenhofer, 2006" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="2006" box="[343,739,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schillhammeri">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB3E8FE105CF7" box="[343,503,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">schillhammeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C86B3E8FD045CF7" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[510,739,403,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="87 - 103" refId="ref111612" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2006) Neue Arten der Gattung Parena Motschulsky aus Japan, China Und Indonesien (Sulawesi) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins E. V. Frankfurt, 31 (3 - 4), 87 - 103." type="journal article" year="2006">Kirschenhofer, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42F92B3E8FCB55CF7" bold="true" box="[746,850,403,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42F92B3E8FCB55CF7" box="[746,850,403,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB3CCFD675C8B" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,640,439,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[28] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B3CCFD675C8B" authority="(Macleay, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Macleay" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[301,640,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B3CCFE255C8A" box="[301,450,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena picea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42CA8B3CCFD9F5C8B" author="Macleay, W. J." box="[464,632,439,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="79 - 205" refId="ref112153" refString="Macleay, W. J. (1871) Notes on a collection of insects from Gayndah. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, 2 [1873], 79 - 205." type="journal article" year="1871">Macleay, 1871</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB3A0FD035CAF" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,740,475,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[29] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B3A0FD035CAF" authority="Habu, 1964" authorityName="Habu. Scale" authorityYear="1964" box="[301,740,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amamiooshimensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B3A0FDBD5CAF" box="[301,602,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena amamiooshimensis</emphasis>
Habu, 1964
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB384FDD25F43" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,565,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[30] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B384FE335F42" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,468,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B384FE335F42" box="[301,468,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena picipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42CA4B384FDD25F43" bold="true" box="[476,565,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42CA4B384FDD25F43" box="[476,565,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB058FD475F67" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,672,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[31] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B058FD475F67" authority="Jedlicka, 1934" authorityName="Jedlicka, Philippine. Scale" authorityYear="1934" box="[301,672,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B058FE105F67" box="[301,503,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena andrewesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C86B058FD475F67" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[510,672,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="13 - 19" refId="ref111269" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1934) Carabiden aus Ostasien. (5 Teil.). Casopis Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Entomologicke, 31, 13 - 19." type="journal article" year="1934">Jedlička, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB03CFD205F3B" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,711,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[32] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B03CFD205F3B" authority="(Chaudoir, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[301,711,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politissima">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B03CFDE75F3B" box="[301,512,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena politissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42F77B03CFD585F3B" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[527,703,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref110278" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1883) Description de carabiques nouveaux. p. 17 - 39. In: Coleopterorum novitates. Recueil specialement consacre a l'etude des Coleopteres. Tom. I. Livr. I. Rennes: Oberthur, 48 pp., 2 pl." type="book" year="1883">Chaudoir, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DBFB010FDB05FDF" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[199,599,619,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
11. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42D88B010FE505FDF" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[240,439,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42D88B010FE505FDF" box="[240,439,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena latecincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB0F4FD765FF3" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,657,655,681]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[33] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B0F4FD765FF3" authority="(Bates, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[301,657,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B0F4FE145FF3" box="[301,499,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena latecincta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42F7BB0F4FD6E5FF3" author="Bates, H. W." box="[515,649,655,681]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="229 - 322" refId="ref109990" refString="Bates, H. W. (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873 (2), 229 - 322." type="journal article" year="1873">Bates, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB0C8FD7A5F97" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[343,669,691,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB0C8FD7A5F97" authority="(Jedlicka, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Jedlicka" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[343,669,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridilineata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB0C8FE065F97" box="[343,481,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">viridilineata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C88B0C8FD725F97" author="Jedlicka, A." box="[496,661,691,717]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref111297" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1939) Neue Carabiden aus Ostasien. (XII. Teil). Praha: A. Jedlicka, 8 pp." type="book" year="1939">Jedlička, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB0ACFD425FAB" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,677,727,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[34] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B0ACFD425FAB" authority="Shibata, 1987" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[301,677,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumdata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B0ACFDE35FAB" box="[301,516,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena circumdata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42F73B0ACFD425FAB" author="Shibata, T." box="[523,677,727,753]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="63 - 67" refId="ref112910" refString="Shibata, T. (1987) Three new species and a new record of Carabidae from Taiwan (Truncatipennes) (Coleoptera). Entomological Review of Japan, 42 (1), 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="1987">Shibata, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB081FD715E4F" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,662,762,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[35] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B080FD715E4F" authority="Shibata, 1987" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[301,662,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B080FE125E4F" box="[301,501,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena monticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C84B080FD715E4F" author="Shibata, T." box="[508,662,763,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="63 - 67" refId="ref112910" refString="Shibata, T. (1987) Three new species and a new record of Carabidae from Taiwan (Truncatipennes) (Coleoptera). Entomological Review of Japan, 42 (1), 63 - 67." type="journal article" year="1987">Shibata, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB164FD2F5E63" blockId="23.[199,850,151,825]" box="[247,712,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[36] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B164FD2F5E63" authority="Andrewes, 1931" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. U" authorityYear="1931" box="[301,712,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B164FDEC5E63" box="[301,523,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena pendleburyi</emphasis>
Andrewes, 1931
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DEFB11CFEA25EDB" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[151,325,871,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">African species</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DBFB1F0FDB95EFF" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[199,606,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
12. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42D89B1F0FE585EFE" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[241,447,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42D89B1F0FE585EFE" box="[241,447,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena stigmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB1D4FD215E93" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,710,943,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[37] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B1D4FD215E93" authority="(Fairmaire, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[301,710,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatica">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B1D4FE1D5E92" box="[301,506,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena stigmatica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42F70B1D4FD595E93" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[520,702,943,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="76 - 78" refId="ref110582" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1899) Description de coleopteres nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Scoiete Entomologique de France, 1899, 76 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1899.22305" type="journal article" year="1899">Fairmaire, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB1A8FD745EB7" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,659,978,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[38] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B1A8FD745EB7" authority="Basilewsky, 1955" authorityName="Basilewsky. C" authorityYear="1955" box="[301,659,978,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorae">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B1A8FE215EB7" box="[301,454,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena dorae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42CB6B1A8FD745EB7" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[462,659,978,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="93 - 137" refId="ref109889" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1955) Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 27, 93 - 137." type="journal article" year="1955">Basilewsky, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB18CFDF9594B" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,542,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[39] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B18CFE5A594B" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,445,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B18CFE5A594B" box="[301,445,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena fulva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42CBCB18CFDF9594B" bold="true" box="[452,542,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42CBCB18CFDF9594B" box="[452,542,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DBFB660FDDD596F" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[199,570,1051,1077]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
13. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42D89B660FE7C596E" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[241,411,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42D89B660FE7C596E" box="[241,411,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena scutata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB644FCEE5903" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,777,1087,1113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[40] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B644FCEE5903" authority="(Alluaud, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[301,777,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B644FDA85903" box="[301,591,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena madagascariensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42F26B644FCE65903" author="Alluaud, C." box="[606,769,1087,1113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB618FD235927" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[343,708,1123,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB618FDB25927" authority="Jeannel, 1949" authorityName="Jeannel. Scale" authorityYear="1949" box="[343,597,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB618FE535927" box="[343,436,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">alluaudi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42CC4B618FDB25927" author="Jeannel, R." box="[444,597,1123,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="767 - 1146" refId="ref111235" refString="Jeannel, R. (1949) Faune de l'Empire francais. XI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region malgache (troisieme partie). Paris: Librairie Larose, 767 - 1146." type="book chapter" year="1949">Jeannel, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42F24B618FD235927" bold="true" box="[604,708,1123,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42F24B618FD235927" box="[604,708,1123,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB6FCFD6A59FB" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,653,1159,1185]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[41] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B6FCFD6A59FB" authority="Facchini, 2011" authorityName="Facchini. E" authorityYear="2011" box="[301,653,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valeriae">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B6FCFE0659FB" box="[301,481,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena valeriae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C90B6FCFD6A59FB" author="Facchini, S." box="[488,653,1159,1185]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="275 - 279" refId="ref110543" refString="Facchini, S. (2011) A new species of Parena Motschulsky, 1859 from Zambia (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 12 (56), 275 - 279." type="journal article" year="2011">Facchini, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB6D0FD1C599F" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,763,1195,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[42] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B6D0FD77599F" authority="(Alluaud, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[301,656,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B6D0FE31599E" box="[301,470,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena scutata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C9DB6D0FD6F599F" author="Alluaud, C." box="[485,648,1195,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42FEFB6D0FD1C599F" bold="true" box="[663,763,1195,1221]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">stat. res.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB6B4FDB359B3" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,596,1231,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[43] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B6B4FE1459B3" authority="Shi &amp; Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi &amp; Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[301,499,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B6B4FE1459B3" box="[301,499,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena ruficornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C83B6B4FDB359B3" bold="true" box="[507,596,1231,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42C83B6B4FDB359B3" box="[507,596,1231,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DBFB688FDA05857" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[199,583,1267,1293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
14. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42D89B688FE405857" baseAuthorityName="Macleay" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[241,423,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42D89B688FE405857" box="[241,423,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena plagiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB76CFD25586B" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,706,1303,1329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[44] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B76CFD25586B" authority="(Chaudoir, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[301,706,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B76CFE1C586B" box="[301,507,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena ferruginea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42F72B76CFD5D586B" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[522,698,1303,1329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref110207" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1878) Enumeration des cincindeletes et des carabiques recueillis par M. A. Raffray, dans les iles de Zanzibar et de Pemba, ainsi qu'a Bagamoyo, Mombaze et sur les montagnes de Schimba, avec la description des especes nouvelles. 2. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, (3) 6, 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="1878">Chaudoir, 1878</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB741FD59580F" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,702,1338,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[45] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B740FD59580F" authority="Motschulsky, 1864" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1864" box="[301,702,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B740FE05580F" box="[301,482,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena plagiata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C92B740FD59580F" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[490,702,1339,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="171 - 240" refId="ref112410" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1864) Enumeration des nouvelles especes de coleopteres rapportes de des voyages. 4 - eme article. Carabicines. Bulletin de la Scoiete Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 37, 171 - 240." type="journal article" year="1864">Motschulsky, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42C2FB724FD495823" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[343,686,1375,1401]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C2FB724FD495823" authority="(Peringuey, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Peringuey" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[343,686,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Umgenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formidulosa">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C2FB724FE395823" box="[343,478,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">formidulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C95B724FD415823" author="Peringuey, L." box="[493,678,1375,1401]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="315 - 374" refId="ref112689" refString="Peringuey, L. (1898) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa. Family Carabidae. First supplement. The Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 10, 315 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21560382.1897.9525939" type="journal article" year="1898">Peringuey, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42D8FB7F8FD7958C7" blockId="23.[151,777,871,1437]" box="[247,670,1411,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
[46] 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C55B7F8FD7958C7" authority="(Alluaud, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[301,670,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C55B7F8FE0358C7" box="[301,484,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena africana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46251FFF42C8BB7F8FD7158C7" author="Alluaud, C." box="[499,662,1411,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6251FFFB2DEFB794FA7A5DB2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DEFB794FDA75B53" blockId="23.[151,576,1518,1545]" box="[151,576,1518,1545]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42DEFB794FDA75B53" bold="true" box="[151,576,1518,1545]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Key to subgenera of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42C90B794FDA75B53" ID-CoL="8KVXP" box="[488,576,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42C90B794FDA75B53" bold="true" box="[488,576,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="FFBF90046251FFFB2DEFB44FFA7A5DB2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyStep id="30DADF906251FFF42DEFB44FFA7B5A0B" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DEFB44FFA7A5BE5" blockId="23.[151,1437,1587,2020]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30DF64006251FFF42DEFB44FFA7A5BE5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
1. Pronotum strongly transverse (PW/PL = 1.50–1.82, generally greater than 1.60), distinctly wider than head (PW/HW = 1.05– 1.26, generally greater than 1.10); mentum without seta, lateral lobes extremely large, inner margin nearly straight, epilobes very narrow (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF42C1EB415FE535BD9" box="[358,436,1646,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
); gonocoxite II of ovipositor dichotomous, each branch with two or three ensiform setae apically (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF4280AB415FEEC5BF8" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 11Y</figureCitation>
–γ); median lobe of aedeagus slender, endophallus with very small primary sclerite near base (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF429EBB4F7FB3A5BFB" box="[1171,1245,1676,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
)......................................................................................... 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42927B4D2FA7A5BE5" bold="true" box="[1119,1437,1704,1727]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
subgen. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF429CBB4D3FA7A5BE5" ID-CoL="8KWFM" authority="Chaudoir" authorityName="Chaudoir" box="[1203,1437,1704,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF429CBB4D3FAD35BE4" bold="true" box="[1203,1332,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
Chaudoir
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DEFB4BDFA7B5A0B" blockId="23.[151,1437,1587,2020]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30DF64006251FFF42DEFB4BDFA7B5A0B" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42DEFB4BDFF785B81" bold="true" box="[151,159,1734,1755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">-</emphasis>
Pronotum less transverse (PW/PL = 1.19–1.55, generally less than 1.50), narrower or barely wider than head (PW/HW = 0.85–1.13, generally less than 1.10); mentum with a pair of setae (in some species very short), lateral lobes relatively short, inner margin more or less oblique, epilobes rather wide (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF42F95B57AFCBD5A4C" box="[749,858,1793,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 3B–D</figureCitation>
); gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, apex with five to seven ensiform setae (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF42CB7B565FDAD5A69" box="[463,586,1822,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 11A–X</figureCitation>
); median lobe of aedeagus stouter, endophallus with large primary sclerite (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF42858B565FEE75A0B" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1085,1109]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,278,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-90@16.[151,1436,273,1061]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Endophallus of male genitalia for Parena spp. showing the definition of endophallic structures, dorsal (d) and leftlateral (l) views. A P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), modified from Fig. 39B. B P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), modified from Fig. 18A. C P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, modified from Fig. 51A. D P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., modified from Fig. 63. Blue, primary sclerite; Magenta, apical sclerite; Green, squamate sheath; Yellow, squamate sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958955/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 9A, 9C, 9D</figureCitation>
)................................................................................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DADF906251FFFB2DEFB522FA7A5DB2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFF42DEFB522FA7A5A9C" blockId="23.[151,1437,1587,2020]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30DF64006251FFF42DEFB522FA7A5A9C" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
2. First setigerous pore on elytral interval 3 close to elytral base, very near level of scutellar apex (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF429FCB522FACF5A34" box="[1156,1320,1881,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 4A, 4B, 4C</figureCitation>
); mandibles strongly widened, semicircular in form (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF42F19B50DFD4B5AD1" box="[609,684,1910,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); mentum with apex of epilobes not exceeding lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF42994B50DFAD05AD1" box="[1260,1335,1910,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
); antennomere 2 with two long setae near apex, accessory setae absent or very short (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF42ECAB5EFFBCE5AF3" box="[946,1065,1940,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
); male mesotarsomere 1 with adhesive setae ventral on apical half in most species................................................ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF429B0B5CAFA835A9C" bold="true" box="[1224,1380,1969,1990]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
subgen. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66251FFF42864B5CAFA835A9C" ID-CoL="8KVXP" box="[1308,1380,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B95A1B276251FFF42864B5CAFA835A9C" bold="true" box="[1308,1380,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6251FFF42812B5CAFA7A5A9C" box="[1386,1437,1969,1990]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B91C7356251FFFB2DEFB5B4FA7A5DB2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1587,2020]" lastBlockId="24.[226,1437,151,232]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<keyLead id="30DF64006251FFFB2DEFB5B4FA7A5DB2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
- First setigerous pore on elytral interval 3 distant from elytral base, far behind level of scutellar apex (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06251FFF429C1B5B5FABF5AB9" box="[1209,1368,1998,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 4D, 4E, 4F</figureCitation>
); mandibles moderately widened, rounded-triangular in form (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0625EFFFB2E73B2ECFC565DF7" box="[779,945,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 2C, 2D, 2E</figureCitation>
); mentum with apex of epilobes exceeding lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0625EFFFB2C59B2CEFE785D90" box="[289,415,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 3C, 3D</figureCitation>
); antennomere 2 with three or more setae of similar length near apex, in addition to a few short but distinct setae (
<figureCitation id="1315DBB0625EFFFB2C67B2A9FE8E5DBD" box="[287,361,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); male mesotarsomere 1 without adhesive setae in most species............ 
<emphasis id="B95A1B27625EFFFB2911B2A9FA7A5DB2" bold="true" box="[1129,1437,210,232]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
subgen. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6625EFFFB29C5B2A9FA7A5DB2" ID-CoL="8LR5S" authority="Schaum" authorityName="Schaum" box="[1213,1437,210,232]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bothynoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A1B27625EFFFB29C5B2A9FAA35DB2" bold="true" box="[1213,1348,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
Schaum
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>