120 lines
16 KiB
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120 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="35302AB6E69EAA04638EEDA0BF26721B" ID-CLB-Dataset="263342" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67e7a105-1f62-414a-83d9-f758039eb726" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958937" ID-ZooBank="F9834684-24D3-4795-B5EB-77B451DF856D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1684793492880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2023" docId="03877623623BFF9D2DEFB44EFE685CAF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5286.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5286 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parena scutata" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFBE0E5B6246FFE32D78B27BFFE75D5A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1699506634024" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="31291FB420A3AFA48AF7916F8CCFFD58">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="866AC1ECBC9A743D4F0580C98C0C11B6">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="879744FF921947EC9415740EBD811AAD" type="email">shihl@bjfu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ABF70BB8E88654D330C2DCE62A6332F7">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="201E5EB4469A139572AC2C628C591F1E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2E89DF22DE4BF2413A0C3338DC4FE52E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E380DFB17D9578998B952E9B2CFAFD6">2023-05-18</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03877623623BFF9D2DEFB44EFE685CAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209629005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03877623623BFF9D2DEFB44EFE685CAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03877623623BFF9D2DEFB44EFE685CAF" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE623BFF9E2DEFB44EFDCF5B0A" box="[151,552,1589,1616]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91C735623BFF9E2DEFB44EFDCF5B0A" blockId="125.[151,552,1589,1616]" box="[151,552,1589,1616]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B27623BFF9E2DEFB44EFDCF5B0A" bold="true" box="[151,552,1589,1616]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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13.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6623BFF9E2DBBB44DFE9E5B0A" ID-CoL="ZMF2" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[195,377,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B27623BFF9E2DBBB44DFE9E5B0A" bold="true" box="[195,377,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Parena scutata</emphasis>
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species group
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE623BFF9D2DEFB403FE685CAF" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91C735623BFF9E2DEFB403FBCE5A1C" blockId="125.[151,1437,1656,2043]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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This species group contains three species distributed in the Sub-Saharan African mainland and one species from
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A5623BFF9E2DEFB4E7FEC75BEC" box="[151,288,1692,1718]" name="Madagascar" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. This group is characterized by: postgenae without suborbital setae; elytra not metallic, uniformly reddish brown or with dark patches; elytral apices distinctly truncate, apical margin nearly straight, sutural angles more or less pointed, very faintly so in some species; elytra with or without microsculpture; antennomere 1 with the ventroapical seta only slightly shorter than the dorsoapical one; male genitalia with LL greater than LW, apex slightly bent dorsally; gonocoxite II of ovipositor quadrate, apex more or less emarginate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91C735623BFF9D2DBFB52BFE685CAF" blockId="125.[151,1437,1656,2043]" lastBlockId="126.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
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This species group is most similar to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6623BFF9E2FE0B52AFCF65A30" box="[664,785,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B27623BFF9E2FE0B52AFCF65A30" box="[664,785,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">P. plagiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group in having postgenae without suborbital setae and a similar elytra color pattern (four species of these two groups have their elytra largely dark with a narrow red apical band). Although members of these two groups have similar external appearances, we divided them into different species groups based on differences in the following important aspects: shape of elytral apices, length of the apical setae of antennomere 1, and shape of the male genitalia and female ovipositor. Species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB6623BFF9E29D4B59AFAFE5AA0" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1196,1305,2017,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B27623BFF9E29D4B59AFAFE5AA0" box="[1196,1305,2017,2042]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">P. scutata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group have distinctly truncate elytral apices with the sutural angles more or less pointed, although very faint so in some species (
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06238FF9D2DAAB2C0FE6A5D8F" box="[210,397,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Figs 5B, 5C, 5D</figureCitation>
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). This character state is unique in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66238FF9D2EDCB2C0FC125D8E" box="[932,1013,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276238FF9D2EDCB2C0FC125D8E" box="[932,1013,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Parena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but presents in several species of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66238FF9D2C7FB2A4FE7A5DA3" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[263,413,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276238FF9D2C7FB2A4FE7A5DA3" box="[263,413,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover, in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66238FF9D2F08B2A4FD395DA2" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[624,734,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276238FF9D2F08B2A4FD395DA2" box="[624,734,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">P. scutata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, the ventroapical seta of antennomere 1 is only slightly shorter than the dorsoapical one (
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06238FF9D2F69B378FD8D5C47" box="[529,618,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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), whereas, in all other species of this genus, the ventroapical seta is less than half the length of the dorsal-apical one (
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06238FF9D2FF4B35CFCA05C1B" box="[652,839,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,180,767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[179,1407,179,771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Figs 1A, 1B, 1C</figureCitation>
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). In all studied species, the male genitalia and female ovipositor also have significant differences between these two groups. In the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66238FF9D297AB330FB975C3E" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1026,1136,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276238FF9D297AB330FB975C3E" box="[1026,1136,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">P. scutata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, the median lobe of aedeagus is slenderer and the apical lamella is much longer than in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66238FF9D2EBAB314FBDC5CD3" box="[962,1083,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276238FF9D2EBAB314FBDC5CD3" box="[962,1083,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">P. plagiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. In the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66238FF9D29A6B314FAAB5CD2" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1246,1356,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276238FF9D29A6B314FAAB5CD2" box="[1246,1356,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">P. scutata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, gonocoxite II of the ovipositor is nearly quadrate with its inner and outer margins equally in length, whereas in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66238FF9D2DEFB3CCFEF65C8B" box="[151,273,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276238FF9D2DEFB3CCFEF65C8B" box="[151,273,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">P. plagiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, gonocoxite II is strongly pointed near its inner apical angle with its inner margin much longer than the outer margin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |