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<mods:title id="CD93F21A6DEE2DA477B2A08688FC4BB9">Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski’s collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCDFF81FF18F9AE5B61F940" authority="Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain" authorityName="Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain" box="[136,789,1653,1680]" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="17" pageNumber="192" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="ovoideoechinulatum">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCDFF81FF18F9AE5A6BF940" bold="true" box="[136,543,1653,1680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="192">Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum</emphasis>
Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain
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, in 
<treatmentCitation id="F41A10E5FFCDFF81FCAEF9AD5C0BF940" author="Poulain, M. &amp; Meyer, M." box="[830,1151,1654,1681]" page="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="192" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="112A4B05FFCDFF81FCAEF9AD5C0BF940" author="Poulain, M. &amp; Meyer, M." box="[830,1151,1654,1681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="192" pagination="13 - 30" refId="ref21540" refString="Poulain, M. &amp; Meyer, M. (2005) Les Lamproderma (Myxomycota, Stemonitales) du groupe ovoideum. Bulletin trimestriel de la Federation mycologique et botanique Dauphine-Savoie 176: 13 - 30." type="journal article" year="2005">Poulain &amp; Meyer (2005: 17)</bibRefCitation>
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. 
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCDFF81FB1AF9AD5CAEF940" box="[1162,1242,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="192">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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Sporocarps in loose groups, stipitate, total height 
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(Figs A–C). Sporotheca ovoid, always higher than wide, base obtuse or broadly conical, more rarely slightly decurrent on the stalk, 
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high, 
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diam, with numerous, mostly blue green, but also with violet and yellow colour reflections, brownish at base (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCDFF81FAEAF8DD58AAF894" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="192">Figs 14A–B</figureCitation>
). Hypothallus well developed, red brown, continuous and connecting many sporocarps. Stalk 1/5 to 2/5 of the total sporocarp height, 
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long, black, tapering upwards (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCDFF81FC71F8955C06F8B8" box="[993,1138,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="192">Figs 14A–C</figureCitation>
). Peridium persistent, thin, thicker only at base, dehiscing irregularly in large patches, with persistent colour reflections when spores are blown out, hyaline and smooth in transmitted light in upper part of sporotheca, pale red brown at the base of the sporotheca. Columella reaching about one-half of the sporotheca height, cylindrical or tapering upwards, often with membranous expansions at apex (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCDFF81FEFAF80559A6F828" box="[362,466,2014,2040]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="192">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
). Capillitium originating from the greater part of the columella, dense, rigid, brown with white extremities when spores are blown out, rusty brown, dark brown with hyaline extremities in transmitted light, with many anastomoses and many pointed ends (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCEFF82FD36FF455B7AFF68" box="[678,782,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
). Spores in mass dark brown, blackish brown, dark brown in transmitted light, slightly paler at one side, globose 13.5–15.5(16) μm in total range, 14.77 ±0.5 μm on average ±SD (n = 60), covered with spines about 1 μm high (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCEFF82FD10FF3D5B7CFED0" box="[640,776,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Figs 14E–F</figureCitation>
), baculate by SEM, baculae long and uneven at apices (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCEFF82FAE9FF3D58ABFEF4" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Figs 14G–H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="750436F4FFCEFF82FF2DFEF5595FFE40" blockId="18.[136,1452,158,653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FF2DFEF559D5FE98" bold="true" box="[189,417,302,328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Material examined</emphasis>
:— 
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. Tehama Co.: 
<quantity id="B2439B11FFCEFF82FD33FEF55A82FE98" box="[675,758,302,328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 miles</quantity>
E of Mineral, 
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, on duff, 
<date id="01051034FFCEFF82FBF6FEF55D74FE98" box="[1126,1280,302,329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" value="1967-05-20">20 May 1967</date>
, 
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FA9CFEF45DF7FE98" box="[1292,1411,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">DTK 6147</emphasis>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FF18FE885959FEBC" authority=", UC" authorityName="UC" box="[136,301,338,365]" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="sauteri">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FF18FE885881FEBC" box="[136,245,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">L. sauteri</emphasis>
, UC
</taxonomicName>
1408237!); 
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W of Child’s Meadows, 
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, on bark, 
<date id="01051034FFCEFF82FC7BFE895CF1FEBC" box="[1003,1157,338,365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" value="1967-05-20">20 May 1967</date>
, 
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FB01FE885D73FEBC" box="[1169,1287,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">DTK 6223</emphasis>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FAA8FE8858C7FE40" authority=", UC" authorityName="UC" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="sauteri">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FAA8FE885DD1FEBC" box="[1336,1445,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">L. sauteri</emphasis>
, UC
</taxonomicName>
1408283!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="750436F4FFCEFF82FF2DFE415C0AFD5C" blockId="18.[136,1452,158,653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FF2DFE415974FE64" bold="true" box="[189,256,410,436]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Notes</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FEB4FE415AC4FE64" box="[292,688,410,436]" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="ovoideoechinulatum">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FEB4FE415AC4FE64" box="[292,688,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a recently described species (
<bibRefCitation id="112A4B05FFCEFF82FBBBFE415D4EFE65" author="Poulain, M. &amp; Meyer, M." box="[1067,1338,410,437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" pagination="13 - 30" refId="ref21540" refString="Poulain, M. &amp; Meyer, M. (2005) Les Lamproderma (Myxomycota, Stemonitales) du groupe ovoideum. Bulletin trimestriel de la Federation mycologique et botanique Dauphine-Savoie 176: 13 - 30." type="journal article" year="2005">Poulain &amp; Meyer 2005</bibRefCitation>
) that was not known to 
<bibRefCitation id="112A4B05FFCEFF82FEB7FE655980FE08" author="Kowalski, D." box="[295,500,446,472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" pagination="621 - 672" refId="ref20592" refString="Kowalski, D. (1970 a) The genus Lamproderma. Mycologia 62: 621 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1970.12019010" type="journal article" year="1970">Kowalski (1970a)</bibRefCitation>
, who apparently treated 
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<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FC9DFE645B0EFE08" box="[781,890,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">L. sauteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a wider sense including specimens with ovoid sporothecae. Two of the specimens identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="112A4B05FFCEFF82FD20FE395B0EFE2C" author="Kowalski, D." box="[688,890,482,508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" pagination="621 - 672" refId="ref20592" refString="Kowalski, D. (1970 a) The genus Lamproderma. Mycologia 62: 621 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1970.12019010" type="journal article" year="1970">Kowalski (1970a)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FC31FE385C79FE2C" box="[929,1037,483,508]" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="sauteri">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FC31FE385C79FE2C" box="[929,1037,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">L. sauteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have clearly ovoid sporothecae with dark capillitium originating from the greater part of the columella (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCEFF82FCFAFDDD5BB8FDF1" box="[874,972,518,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
)—the character of 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FB35FDDC5DD0FDF0" box="[1189,1444,518,544]" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="ovoideoechinulatum">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FB35FDDC5DD0FDF0" box="[1189,1444,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">L. ovoideoechinulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Since 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FF41FDF05935FD94" box="[209,321,555,580]" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="sauteri">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FF41FDF05935FD94" box="[209,321,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">L. sauteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FEEFFDF05A79FD94" authorityName="Meylan" authorityYear="1932" box="[383,525,554,580]" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="ovoideum">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FEEFFDF05A79FD94" box="[383,525,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">L. ovoideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similar spores (
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCEFF82FC9BFDF15BEEFD94" box="[779,922,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,662,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-240@18.[151,1436,662,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum Mar. Mey. &amp; Poulain A–B. Sporocarps (note ovoid shape of sporotheca and numerous colour reflections). C. Open sporocarp (note brown capillitium). D. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. E. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). F. Spores in transmitted light (top view). G. Spore by SEM. H. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM (note long baculae with uneven apices). Bars: A–C = 1 mm, D = 500 μm, E–G = 10 μm, H = 3 μm.A–B, D–H: coll. DTK 6147, C: coll. DTK 6223." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886302/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Figs 14E–H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="ED802A71FFCEFF82FC39FDF15C74FD94" box="[937,1024,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[136,229,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,190,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,190,1453]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Lamproderma sauteri var. atrogriseum Meyl.A. Sporocarps. B. Open sporocarp. C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 500 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A, C: coll. DTK 7073, B, F–G: coll. DTK 7116, D–E: coll. DTK 7145." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5886314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5886314/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">19D–G</figureCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="112A4B05FFCEFF82FB87FDF15C90FD94" author="Kowalski, D." box="[1047,1252,554,580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" pagination="621 - 672" refId="ref20592" refString="Kowalski, D. (1970 a) The genus Lamproderma. Mycologia 62: 621 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1970.12019010" type="journal article" year="1970">Kowalski (1970a)</bibRefCitation>
who depreciated sporotheca shape and overestimated spore characteristics could not tell these two morphotypes apart. 
<taxonomicName id="B2BB4D77FFCEFF82FA9CFD95591FFD5C" class="Myxomycetes" family="Stemonitidaceae" genus="Lamproderma" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Stemonitales" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="ovoideoechinulatum">
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FA9CFD95591FFD5C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">Lamproderma ovoideoechinulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from Europe, North America and Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="112A4B05FFCEFF82FC09FDA95C07FD5C" author="Poulain, M. &amp; Meyer, M. &amp; Bozonnet, J." box="[921,1139,626,652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="193" refId="ref21706" refString="Poulain, M., Meyer, M. &amp; Bozonnet, J. (2011) Les Myxomycetes. Tome 1 &amp; 2. FMBDS, Sevrier. 568 pp, 544 pl." type="book" year="2011">
Poulain 
<emphasis id="47CFEAE6FFCEFF82FC68FDA85C44FD5C" box="[1016,1072,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>