141 lines
20 KiB
XML
141 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="7BA9EF6DFB3C9A9E308395F943D11DC1" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0922c4b9-e8eb-4b0a-a266-679f0affe1ae" ModsDocID="z01605p033" checkinTime="1247317115952" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Marcelo R. S. Melo, H. J. Walker, Jr. & Cynthia Klepadlo" docDate="2007" docId="9540606E1C22396472EF15961883B8AD" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Melo_Walker_Klepadlo_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1605" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9562F15A-149A-41A7-9ECC-F2EEC1DD67A1" docTitle="Pseudoscopelus Luetken" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="F48720AFBF04EBE4BA50EA661DAB0FB6" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus." masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1701328240161" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A0C6AEA953F00405D89A8D602A8FBEB8">Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2EE92947701B6F2BBCDA907083E6D8BB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DF3A8A0B802A5E295870485811F41E14">Marcelo R. S. Melo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="836BDB4F055774F05C62E62D06105250">H. J. Walker, Jr.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1831E7798AAEEB73B0E5DFCE6E8A532E">Cynthia Klepadlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15FA8D916EA4284F6EFBC15D10A3927F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1430695BFE3CCFAD014298D7E01E2BC4">
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<mods:date id="F6C60F16F8ECD0B1065E2864D0329363">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ABF8DCEC4076DE0AE6869B1F5ECE701A">1605</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8DA551A3EF110BDC2E6DBD59F498BD10">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6A53444979AB01CC5C6BC5CC60B9561A" type="Plazi-Custom">z01605p033</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9540606E1C22396472EF15961883B8AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6243409" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6243409" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9540606E1C22396472EF15961883B8AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9540606E1C22396472EF15961883B8AD" lastPageNumber="45" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C123AEEDD78241BDE00D9A343F6FE1F6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F2872EDFDE14BB3BD88475BD1DDEE133">
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[[
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<taxonomicName id="BDBCCF97DB42F5A26FEA0EBA29552C4F" ID-CoL="73HD" ID-ENA="1306755" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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Pseudoscopelus
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<normalizedToken id="012B6A9139D0264C746BAFBBEA0283A7" originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="52E5324D6B6121CE13225316DBB4BC2C" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2B04DC2C661B0BD47FC01412B35E9235" pageNumber="44">Discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A7DD2A310553F22E1C908A8B56371A07" pageNumber="44">
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Within the family Chiasmodontidae,
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<taxonomicName id="0910B9C63A578815DFC4960F0F66A316" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoscopelus</taxonomicName>
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is the only genus with photophores, but two described species,
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<taxonomicName id="3E5B3C683A47769BF3235D60D14822EF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A87D071-7FCE-4735-A63E-28D84313C501" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus aphos Prokofiev & Kukuev 2005" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aphos">P. aphos</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="27527F4D1600F75ECAFC877C8F4A7CDE" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">P. parini</taxonomicName>
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, lack this characteristic. Prokofiev and Kukuev (2006c) provided other generic characteristics to define the genus, “characteristics of jaw dentition, (...) peculiarly striated and cancellated cranial roofing bones.” Teeth of
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<taxonomicName id="60E2E7006922AE5E3179F30AFD503B4C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoscopelus</taxonomicName>
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are of type 1 or 4, arranged in three series in the premaxilla, and two in the dentary (as described herein for
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<taxonomicName id="BDAA43ED0D23F8170343714541B68FC2" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavenbergi">P. lavenbergi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C62424E0FD7820BF9A77495666E9AEB1" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bothrorrhinos">P. bothrorrhinos</taxonomicName>
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), a pattern that is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="DDAC0C7DD9D739C924EF89239986DBE2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CBDF8830-9BA7-4116-81E6-11C317AFC452" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Dysalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dysalotus MacGilchrist 1905:268" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dysalotus</taxonomicName>
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with specific variations. Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="E9512EABB384828C62E56893801FBCA1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoscopelus</taxonomicName>
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, bones that form the roof of the cranium in
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<taxonomicName id="957F9AEC12BB992A8AE244463983C497" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B9543C54-6827-40B2-8D80-EED6C11FB344" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Chiasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chiasmodon Johnson 1864:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiasmodon</taxonomicName>
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(i.e., supraoccipital, parietals, and frontals) are also grooved, with crests in the frontals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="977BF8B16126E8A45006F4BDCEA7D25C" pageNumber="44">
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The validity of
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<taxonomicName id="87B43AA2266D092447A686FF251B50BA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoscopelus</taxonomicName>
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is supported by two synapomorphies present in all species: the dorsal margin of the orbit is formed by infraorbital 6; the position of the last infraorbital pore in the dorsal edge of the orbit is anterior to the middle of the pupil (see Fig. 2). It is further differentiated from
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<taxonomicName id="31E9EDD4C3D907802B359BA7BF1871A5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10B4DB64-6B5C-448A-9FF0-523395D70A67" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Kali" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Kali Lloyd 1909:154" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kali</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="782009F69C05C8E4B38BF16CD61E57EC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CBDF8830-9BA7-4116-81E6-11C317AFC452" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Dysalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dysalotus MacGilchrist 1905:268" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dysalotus</taxonomicName>
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by having a well calcified spoon-shaped nasal, in the lateral or anterior sides of the snout, covered by thin transparent skin (vs. nasal weakly calcified, circular but not spoon-shaped, positioned in the dorsal part of the snout, and covered by pigmented skin), and by having the last scale of the lateral line well separated from the penultimate scale and positioned over the lower lobe of the caudal fin (vs. last lateral-line scale contiguous with penultimate scale), and by the presence of pre- and postzygapophyses (vs. absent in
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<taxonomicName id="25746774D3AFFFC00A7AE0219D294491" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10B4DB64-6B5C-448A-9FF0-523395D70A67" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Kali" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Kali Lloyd 1909:154" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kali</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4DB6408D188F66DE0FBBC91FB7771CE5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CBDF8830-9BA7-4116-81E6-11C317AFC452" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Dysalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dysalotus MacGilchrist 1905:268" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dysalotus</taxonomicName>
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). From
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<taxonomicName id="16E162591B4D37B2EE2AC22930E6DE4D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B9543C54-6827-40B2-8D80-EED6C11FB344" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Chiasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chiasmodon Johnson 1864:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiasmodon</taxonomicName>
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, it also differs by the absence of a well developed fang in the anterior edge of premaxilla (vs. fang present in
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<taxonomicName id="0964F2CBA98510DCBE5AFFC784E3D4BC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B9543C54-6827-40B2-8D80-EED6C11FB344" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Chiasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chiasmodon Johnson 1864:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiasmodon</taxonomicName>
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), and by a reduced number of pores associated with infraorbital 1 (4-5 vs. 8- 9 in
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<taxonomicName id="443BF09D94E1C1DD337DC40E80EDA8E8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B9543C54-6827-40B2-8D80-EED6C11FB344" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Chiasmodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chiasmodon Johnson 1864:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiasmodon</taxonomicName>
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). As defined herein,
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<taxonomicName id="31E7D239D447B1048F9CD6E00FAE9B2D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86B3784A-A207-483D-8652-DB48465F86B3" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Myersiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myersiscus Fowler 1934:361" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myersiscus</taxonomicName>
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is regarded a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="9B2CE8948C1DD08A5C28CCA039A78023" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoscopelus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34AD6AF4EA9957E5A3DEA058E86D53EA" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="045850B90533B650AAFA665539827931" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E52642C-7884-4FD2-A8FA-B80C3894695C" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr 1933:41" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altipinnis">Pseudoscopelus altipinnis</taxonomicName>
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was described by Parr (1933) based on two specimens collected off Cat Island, Bahamas. One year later, Fowler (1934) described
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<taxonomicName id="3BA75E0F241B738262C61C396DB8F8E0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D1C639E-A031-433F-941A-51FAB8A3C0A7" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus microps Fowler 1934:359" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">P. microps</taxonomicName>
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based on a single specimen collected in the Gulf of Boni, off Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, apparently not knowing about Parr’s work, nor describing
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<taxonomicName id="63B5089728CFF39E1573DB77C22E578A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D1C639E-A031-433F-941A-51FAB8A3C0A7" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus microps Fowler 1934:359" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">P. microps</taxonomicName>
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adequately. Prokofiev and Kukuev (2005, 2006a) recognized eight species of
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<taxonomicName id="F8271905FCC053560755F354BFE2D583" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoscopelus</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<taxonomicName id="CDE82EB3350DD1410A60AF4ACED12EB1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E52642C-7884-4FD2-A8FA-B80C3894695C" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr 1933:41" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altipinnis">P. altipinnis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E2BB8A20584F79644108CEED19B42F15" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D1C639E-A031-433F-941A-51FAB8A3C0A7" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus microps Fowler 1934:359" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">P. microps</taxonomicName>
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, as valid, even though they did not compare the type specimens of any species. Later, Prokofiev and Kukuev (2006c) followed Lavenberg (1974) in recognizing
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<taxonomicName id="729FC373737907F38D71F43B0F47B0FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E52642C-7884-4FD2-A8FA-B80C3894695C" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr 1933:41" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altipinnis">P. altipinnis</taxonomicName>
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as the senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="700651E1EAD4384069EF8D630E29D9F7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D1C639E-A031-433F-941A-51FAB8A3C0A7" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus microps Fowler 1934:359" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">P. microps</taxonomicName>
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, and altered the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="BBE6090FB403F4E427DBFF040856AB68" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E52642C-7884-4FD2-A8FA-B80C3894695C" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr 1933:41" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altipinnis">P. altipinnis</taxonomicName>
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provided in their first work, although again they did not examine type specimens. A comparison of primary types by the senior author (MM) confirmed the status of
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<taxonomicName id="BA97F16B66231E17D1C413D82B253BEA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E52642C-7884-4FD2-A8FA-B80C3894695C" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr 1933:41" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altipinnis">P. altipinnis</taxonomicName>
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as the senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="22872073CCFEDB402DE9F6DCD8EE2E4F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D1C639E-A031-433F-941A-51FAB8A3C0A7" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus microps Fowler 1934:359" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">P. microps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in agreement with Lavenberg (1974).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="21C775F1EC4DACB89E0D3CE081313B5F" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Prokofiev and Kukuev (2006c) also followed Lavenberg (1974) in recognizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3762632EA016B2BED99CC29C2460E349" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A65C3A37-795F-466F-B777-9485AA1B7F05" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus stellatus Beebe 1932:75" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">P. stellatus Beebe</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1932).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D9321194718DEA4BF2C642790349BC2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A65C3A37-795F-466F-B777-9485AA1B7F05" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus stellatus Beebe 1932:75" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">Pseudoscopelus stellatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on five larval specimens between 6.5 mm and 20.3 mm, obtained off Bermuda. Beebe (1932:75) listed the lot NYZS 21155 as the type (now USNM 170941), and mentioned three other lots during the species description, considered as paratypes by Eschmeyer (2006): NYZS 21321, 1 (now CAS-SU 66494), 21404, 2 (now CAS-SU 66497), and 21456, 1 (CAS-SU 66496). The lot USNM 170941 clearly has photophores along the body, as described and illustrated by Beebe (1932:76), but the other lots lack photophores. A study of the ontogenetic changes in the photophore pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61C5FA5C244D0328BA43D2EEA1990FE6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55535F07-62E9-4F6D-B657-E2A1C6E9463F" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus Lütken 1892:285" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoscopelus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is ongoing; meanwhile, the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87718E6D647FF90F7A810F1B192D46BE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A65C3A37-795F-466F-B777-9485AA1B7F05" family="Chiasmodontidae" genus="Pseudoscopelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoscopelus stellatus Beebe 1932:75" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">P. stellatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be regarded as species inquerida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |