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<document id="E226FA5B0EBD0D545EC5CF643B7BF095" ID-CLB-Dataset="21913" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b31f6b64-6284-47c8-a2ff-f2d027785f92" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839653" ID-ZooBank="11054D3F-A1A3-4B78-9F9A-248AAE77F6D7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590138425953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M. &amp; Sebastian, Pothalil A." docDate="2020" docId="03F48795FFD2FFA737A6FC6AFC60A089" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4780.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4780 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xenobolus carnifex" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="174" masterDocId="FFCDFFEDFFD0FFAE3731FF93FFF7A77C" masterDocTitle="A redescription and a synonym in the South Asian millipede genus Xenobolus Carl, 1919 (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1698840899952" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BDF035A7DE02AE931D87276E51C26AC0">A redescription and a synonym in the South Asian millipede genus Xenobolus Carl, 1919 (Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A1BD371D29C68FD65C06489E1373920">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="048F48BC36569AF43A321C4933EA486F">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="66FDA12495655C44D1100D1D90AE5DAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CBDEA790C0EBFDEC01220FFEE9EFE702">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F083E48506D234A629ED6BC2287275B5">2020-05-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C6AF3F83BBC54E631D7E067AAB6C2B7B">4780</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F48795FFD2FFA737A6FC6AFC60A089" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853023" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164248841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853023" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F48795FFD2FFA737A6FC6AFC60A089" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F48795FFD2FFA737A6FC6AFC60A089" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<subSubSection id="C3476508FFD2FFAC37A6FC6AFDA8A36F" box="[151,607,1017,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6FC6AFDA8A36F" blockId="2.[151,607,1017,1079]" box="[151,607,1017,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<heading id="D0AA81EFFFD2FFAC37A6FC6AFDA8A36F" bold="true" box="[151,607,1017,1044]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6FC6AFDA8A36F" ID-CoL="5C9H4" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,607,1017,1044]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6FC6AFDA8A36F" bold="true" box="[151,607,1017,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6FC6AFE73A36F" bold="true" box="[151,388,1017,1044]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC36A5FC6AFDA0A36F" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[404,599,1017,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3476508FFD2FFAC37A6FB8EFEFCA34B" box="[151,267,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6FB8EFEFCA34B" blockId="2.[151,607,1017,1079]" box="[151,267,1053,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
(
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD2FFAC37AEFB8EFEF5A34B" box="[159,258,1053,1079]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1369,1394]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1641,1666]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionStartId-6="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" captionStartId-7="10.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionStartId-8="11.[151,250,1346,1371]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,1098,1341]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetBox-4="[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetBox-5="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetBox-6="[164,1422,273,1158]" captionTargetBox-7="[152,1434,186,1586]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1435,381,1321]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,1098,1341]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetId-6="figure@9.[164,1423,273,1158]" captionTargetId-7="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1591]" captionTargetId-8="figure@11.[151,1436,381,1321]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="10" captionTargetPageId-8="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Field photographs of Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775). A: Male from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI- ADSH0007). B: Female from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI-ADSH0007). Photo courtesy Jimmy Paul." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7. A: Leg-pair 1, ventral view. B: Leg-pair 2, ventral view. C: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view. D: Leg-pair 4, ventral view. E: Leg-pair 5, ventral view. F: Legpair 6, dorsal view. G: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Posterior gonopod, ventral view. D: Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female. A, C: Vulva, lateral view. B, D: Same, dorsal view. E: Setae on valves, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV = anterior valve, O = operculum, PV = posterior valve. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm" captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (A–C), original illustrations adopted from Carl (1919) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (D), original illustrations adopted from Attems (1936)." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Currently known distribution records of Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775)../. records from literature:. type locality, new record (Maha Iluppalama is omitted from the map due to the unavailability of geographic coordinates)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839655" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839663" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839669" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839671" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839655/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3839663/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3839669/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3839671/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Figs 1–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF22660BFFD2FFAC37A6FACAFAFFA2EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839655" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839655/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" startId="2.[151,250,1369,1394]" targetBox="[151,1435,1098,1341]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6FACAFAFFA2EA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1369,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6FACAFEE4A20E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1369,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Field photographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC36C3FAC9FC99A20E" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[498,878,1369,1394]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC36C3FAC9FD41A20E" box="[498,694,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC35F5FACAFC91A20E" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[708,870,1369,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC3449FACAFC7DA20E" bold="true" box="[888,906,1369,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">A</emphasis>
: Male from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI- ADSH0007).
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC3615FAEDFEC2A2EA" bold="true" box="[292,309,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">B</emphasis>
: Female from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI-ADSH0007). Photo courtesy Jimmy Paul.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3476508FFD2FFAD37A6FA76FE88A370" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6FA76FC2CA281" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" box="[151,987,1508,1533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6FA76FC2CA281" box="[151,987,1508,1533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6FA76FF3DA281" ID-CoL="95252d3b-2cdd-4fd4-bcc7-7510ffd131ad" box="[151,202,1509,1533]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6FA76FF3DA281" box="[151,202,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Iulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(recte:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC3626FA76FEBBA281" ID-CoL="7P7L5" box="[279,332,1509,1533]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Julus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC3626FA76FEBBA281" box="[279,332,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Julus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC366AFA76FD71A281" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[347,646,1508,1533]" page="428" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1775">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC366AFA76FD71A281" ID-CoL="5C9H4" authority="Fabricius, 1775: 428" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1775" box="[347,646,1508,1533]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC366AFA76FE59A281" box="[347,430,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">carnifex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC3684FA77FD71A281" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[437,646,1508,1533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775: 428</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F990FC61A160" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" box="[151,918,1539,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F990FC61A160" box="[151,918,1539,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F990FEA8A167" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,351,1539,1564]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F990FF3DA167" box="[151,202,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Iulus</emphasis>
(sic!)
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC363DF990FEA8A167" box="[268,351,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC365EF990FDB6A160" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[367,577,1539,1564]" page="530" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1781">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC365EF990FDB6A160" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[367,577,1539,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref7746" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1781) Species Insectorum etc. Vol. 1. Carol Ernest Bohhn, Hamburgi &amp; Kilonii, viii + 552 pp." type="book" year="1781">Fabricius, 1781: 530</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F9B1FC5DA146" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" box="[151,938,1569,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F9B1FC5DA146" box="[151,938,1569,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F9B1FEDBA146" ID-CoL="7P7L5" authority="Carnifex" authorityName="Carnifex" box="[151,300,1570,1594]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Julus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F9B1FEDBA146" box="[151,300,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Julus Carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sic!)--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC3643F9B2FDA2A146" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[370,597,1569,1594]" page="3019" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1788">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC3643F9B2FDA2A146" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[370,597,1569,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref8600" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1788) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae etc. Vol. 1. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, Lipsiae, 3910 pp." type="book" year="1788">Linnaeus, 1788: 3019</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F9D2FE2FA1C9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F9D2FE2FA1C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F9D2FEDEA125" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,297,1601,1625]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Julus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F9D2FEDEA125" box="[151,297,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Julus carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC3609F9D3FDE7A125" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[312,528,1600,1625]" page="530" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1781">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC3609F9D3FDE7A125" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[312,528,1600,1625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref7746" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1781) Species Insectorum etc. Vol. 1. Carol Ernest Bohhn, Hamburgi &amp; Kilonii, viii + 552 pp." type="book" year="1781">Fabricius, 1781: 530</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species); 1793: 395 (brief description of the species).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC327EF9D3FEDBA104" author="Olivier, A. G." page="416" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1792">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC327EF9D3FEDBA104" author="Olivier, A. G." pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 827" refId="ref8966" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1792) Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Encyclopedie methodique, Paris, 7, 1 - 827." type="journal article" year="1792">Olivier, 1792: 416</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC35B0F9CCFCCDA104" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[641,826,1631,1656]" page="76" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1802">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC35B0F9CCFCCDA104" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[641,826,1631,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref8565" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes. Vol. 2. F. Dufart, Paris, 369 pp." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802: 76</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC33A1F9CCFAB2A104" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[1168,1349,1631,1656]" page="205" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1833">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC33A1F9CCFAB2A104" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[1168,1349,1631,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="194 - 209" refId="ref7218" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1833) Tentaminum quorundam monographicorum Insecta Myriapoda Chilognatha Latreillii spectantium prodromus. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 6, 194 - 209." type="journal article" year="1833">Brandt, 1833: 205</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned); 1841a: 127 (species name mentioned); 1841c: 121 (species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC33AFF9EEFAAAA1EA" author="Humbert, A." box="[1182,1373,1661,1686]" page="57" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1865">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC33AFF9EEFAAAA1EA" author="Humbert, A." box="[1182,1373,1661,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8100" refString="Humbert, A. (1865) Essai sur les Myriapodes de Ceylan. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve, 18, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1865">Humbert, 1865: 57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F928FDB4A18E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F928FDB4A18E" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F928FE95A1AF" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,354,1723,1748]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F928FF3DA1AF" box="[151,202,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Iulus</emphasis>
(sic!)
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC363EF928FE95A1AF" box="[271,354,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC3643F928FDDDA1AF" author="Gervais, P." box="[370,554,1723,1748]" page="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1837">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC3643F928FDDDA1AF" author="Gervais, P." box="[370,554,1723,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref7918" refString="Gervais, P. (1837) Etudes pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des Myriapodes. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Serie 2 (Zoologie), 7, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1837">Gervais, 1837: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned); 1847: 163 (brief description of the species).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC3229F92FFF1AA18E" author="Lucas, H." page="532" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1842">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC3229F92FFF1AA18E" author="Lucas, H." pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref8632" refString="Lucas, H. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Myriapodes. P. Dumenil, Paris, 601 pp." type="book" year="1842">Lucas, 1842: 532</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F96AFAD4A06D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" box="[151,1315,1784,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F96AFAD4A06D" box="[151,1315,1784,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F96AFE5DA06D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,426,1785,1809]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Julus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex" subGenus="Spirobolus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F96AFF3BA06D" box="[151,204,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Julus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37EAF96AFEBFA06D" box="[219,328,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Spirobolus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC3666F96AFE5DA06D" box="[343,426,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC368BF96BFD88A06D" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[442,639,1784,1809]" page="368" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1841">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC368BF96BFD88A06D" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[442,639,1784,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="365 - 370" refId="ref7305" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1841 b) Remarques supplementaires au memoire: Generis Juli specierum enumeratio, accompagnee de descriptions de trois especes nouvelles. Bulletin scientifique publie par l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 8, 365 - 370." type="journal article" year="1841">Brandt, 1841b: 368</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned); 1841c: 121 (species name mentioned).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F884FB12A053" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" box="[151,1253,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F884FB12A053" box="[151,1253,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC37A6F884FDB4A04C" author="Newport, G." box="[151,579,1815,1840]" page="269" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1844">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F884FDB4A04C" ID-CoL="4Z7PG" authority="Newport, 1844 a: 269" authorityName="Newport" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,579,1815,1840]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirobolidae" genus="Spirobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F884FE91A053" box="[151,358,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Spirobolus ruficollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC365DF88BFDB4A04C" author="Newport, G." box="[364,579,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="263 - 270" refId="ref8868" refString="Newport, G. (1844 a) A list of the species of Myriapoda, order Chilognatha, contained in the cabinets of the British Museum, with descriptions of a new genus and thirty-two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 263 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484409442605" type="journal article" year="1844">Newport, 1844a: 269</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species), synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC3378F884FB16A053" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1097,1249,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref8991" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriapoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 7, 131 - 174." type="journal article" year="1892">Pocock (1892)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F8A5FD1BA011" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F8A5FD1BA011" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F8A5FE9FA032" ID-CoL="4Z7PG" authorityName="Newport" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,360,1846,1870]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirobolidae" genus="Spirobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F8A5FE9FA032" box="[151,360,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Spirobolus ruficollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC3649F8A5FDBEA032" author="Newport, G." box="[376,585,1845,1870]" page="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1844">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC3649F8A5FDBEA032" author="Newport, G." box="[376,585,1845,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref8930" refString="Newport, G. (1844 b) List of the specimens of Myriapoda in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, vi + 15 pp." type="book" year="1844">Newport, 1844b: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC345EF8A6FB32A032" author="Preudhomme de Borre, A." box="[879,1221,1845,1870]" page="76" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC345EF8A6FB32A032" author="Preudhomme de Borre, A." box="[879,1221,1845,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="46 - 82" refId="ref9053" refString="Preudhomme de Borre, A. (1884) Tentamen catalogi Lysiopetalidarum, Julidarum, Archiulidarum, Polyzonidarum atque Siphonophoridarum hucusque descriptarum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 28, 46 - 82." type="journal article" year="1884">Preudhomme de Borre, 1884: 76</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC362BF8C6FE21A011" author="Attems, C." box="[282,470,1876,1901]" page="355" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC362BF8C6FE21A011" author="Attems, C." box="[282,470,1876,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 398" refId="ref6950" refString="Attems, C. (1914) Die indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A, 1 - 398." type="journal article" year="1914">Attems, 1914: 355</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F8E0FCA4A0F0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" box="[151,851,1907,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F8E0FCA4A0F0" box="[151,851,1907,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F8E0FEDCA0F7" box="[151,299,1907,1931]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F8E0FEDCA0F7" box="[151,299,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Iulus ruficollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC360DF8E0FE09A0F0" author="Gervais, P." box="[316,510,1907,1932]" page="175" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC360DF8E0FE09A0F0" author="Gervais, P." box="[316,510,1907,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 623" refId="ref7951" refString="Gervais, P. (1847) Myriapodes. In: Walckenaer, C. A. &amp; Gervais, P. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des Insectes, Apteres. Vol. 4. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 623." type="book chapter" year="1847">Gervais, 1847: 175</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAC37A6F801FDFDA0B5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAC37A6F801FDFDA0B5" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F801FE92A0D6" ID-CoL="7Q2L8" authority="Carnifex" authorityName="Carnifex" box="[151,357,1938,1962]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirobolidae" genus="Spirobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F801FE92A0D6" box="[151,357,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Spirobolus Carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sic!)--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC369FF802FD97A0D6" author="Koch, C. L." box="[430,608,1937,1962]" page="102" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC369FF802FD97A0D6" author="Koch, C. L." box="[430,608,1937,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" refId="ref8398" refString="Koch, C. L. (1847) System der Myriapoden, mit den Verzeichnissen und Berichtigungen zu Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Heft 1 - 40. Pustet, Regensburg, 272 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49866" type="book" year="1847">Koch, 1847: 102</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned); 1863: 62, plate XXVII, fig. 53a–b (brief description and illustrations of the species).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD2FFAD37A6F85CFB87A7B3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1508,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD2FFAD37A6F85CFB87A7B3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD2FFAC37A6F85CFEA9A09B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,350,1999,2023]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirobolidae" genus="Spirobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD2FFAC37A6F85CFEA9A09B" box="[151,350,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="167">Spirobolus carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC365CF85CFDEAA09B" author="Karsch, F." box="[365,541,1999,2024]" page="79" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC365CF85CFDEAA09B" author="Karsch, F." box="[365,541,1999,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref8296" refString="Karsch, F. (1881) Neue Juliden des Berliner Museums, als Prodromus einer Juliden-Monographie. Zeitschrift fur die gesammten Wissenschaften, 54, 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 47918810109" type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881: 79</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD2FFAC340BF85CFB71A09B" author="Preudhomme de Borre, A." box="[826,1158,1999,2024]" page="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD2FFAC340BF85CFB71A09B" author="Preudhomme de Borre, A." box="[826,1158,1999,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="167" pagination="46 - 82" refId="ref9053" refString="Preudhomme de Borre, A. (1884) Tentamen catalogi Lysiopetalidarum, Julidarum, Archiulidarum, Polyzonidarum atque Siphonophoridarum hucusque descriptarum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 28, 46 - 82." type="journal article" year="1884">Preudhomme de Borre, 1884: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD37F6FF0AFE69A7CD" author="Tomosvary, E." box="[199,414,152,177]" page="69" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD37F6FF0AFE69A7CD" author="Tomosvary, E." box="[199,414,152,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref9285" refString="Tomosvary, E. (1885) Myriopoda a Joanne Xantus in Asia orientali collecta. Termeszetrajazi Fuzetek, 9, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1885">Tömösváry, 1885: 69</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3589FF0BFC9CA7CD" author="Daday, J." box="[696,875,152,177]" page="129" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3589FF0BFC9CA7CD" author="Daday, J." box="[696,875,152,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="115 - 156" refId="ref7597" refString="Daday, J. (1889) Myriopoda extranea Musaei Nationalis Hungarici. Termeszetrajazi Fuzetek, 12, 115 - 156." type="journal article" year="1889">Daday, 1889: 129</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD33B4FF0BFAB4A7CD" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1157,1347,152,177]" page="166" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD33B4FF0BFAB4A7CD" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1157,1347,152,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref8991" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriapoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 7, 131 - 174." type="journal article" year="1892">Pocock, 1892: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, plate II, fig. 9 (description and illustration of the species; synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD3475FF2BFC4EA7B3" box="[836,953,183,207]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3475FF2BFCA6A7B3" box="[836,849,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD346CFF24FC4EA7B3" box="[861,953,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">ruficollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD34C3FF2BFB95A7B3" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1010,1122,183,207]" class="Diplopoda" family="Spirobolidae" genus="Spirobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD34C3FF2BFBF6A7B3" box="[1010,1025,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD333EFF24FB95A7B3" box="[1039,1122,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FF45FCB0A792" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" box="[151,839,213,238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD3FFAD37A6FF45FCB0A792" box="[151,839,213,238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37A6FF45FE92A792" box="[151,357,214,238]" class="Diplopoda" family="Trigoniulidae" genus="Trigoniulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FF45FE92A792" box="[151,357,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Trigoniulus carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3644FF46FDC7A792" author="Silvestri, F." box="[373,560,213,238]" page="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3644FF46FDC7A792" author="Silvestri, F." box="[373,560,213,238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="21 - 28" refId="ref9220" refString="Silvestri, F. (1896) Diplopodi di Borneo. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 2, 16, 21 - 28." type="journal article" year="1896">Silvestri, 1896: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FF66FC4BA671" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" box="[151,956,244,269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD3FFAD37A6FF66FC4BA671" box="[151,956,244,269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37A6FF66FE82A671" ID-CoL="7VQDB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,373,245,269]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Diaphoropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FF66FE82A671" box="[151,373,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Diaphoropus carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD36B4FF67FDBAA671" author="Silvestri, F." box="[389,589,244,269]" page="651" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD36B4FF67FDBAA671" author="Silvestri, F." box="[389,589,244,269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="345 - 362" refId="ref9250" refString="Silvestri, F. (1897) Description des especes nouvelles de Myriapodes du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Bruxelles. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 41, 345 - 362." type="journal article" year="1897">Silvestri, 1897: 651</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3439FF67FC4FA671" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[776,952,244,269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="759 - 783" refId="ref8050" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1962) Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. IV. Systematic and nomenclatorial notes on the family Pachybolidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 69, 759 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 75592" type="journal article" year="1962">Hoffman (1962))</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FE80FE20A5C6" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD3FFAD37A6FE80FE20A5C6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37A6FE80FEACA657" ID-CoL="5C9H4" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,347,275,299]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FE80FEACA657" box="[151,347,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD365DFE80FDFBA657" author="Carl, J." box="[364,524,275,300]" page="394" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD365DFE80FDFBA657" author="Carl, J." box="[364,524,275,300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="377 - 404" refId="ref7445" refString="Carl, J. (1919) Revision de quelques spirobolides du Museum de Geneve. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 27, 377 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 36330" type="journal article" year="1919">Carl, 1919: 394</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 23–31 (description and illustrations of male).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3320FE80FB3AA657" author="Attems, C." box="[1041,1229,275,300]" page="304" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3320FE80FB3AA657" author="Attems, C." box="[1041,1229,275,300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="133 - 323" refId="ref6972" refString="Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11, 133 - 323." type="journal article" year="1936">Attems, 1936: 304</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD362CFEA2FD42A636" author="Ganapati, P. N. &amp; Narasimhamurti, C. C." box="[285,693,305,330]" page="581" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD362CFEA2FD42A636" author="Ganapati, P. N. &amp; Narasimhamurti, C. C." box="[285,693,305,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="581 - 585" refId="ref7865" refString="Ganapati, P. N. &amp; Narasimhamurti, C. C. (1960) On a new haplosporidian (protozoa) Nephridiophaga xenoboli in the gut of a millipede Xenobolus carnifex. Parasitology, 50, 581 - 585. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000025646" type="journal article" year="1960">Ganapati &amp; Narasimhamurti, 1960: 581</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(study on gut protozoa).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD348AFEA2FB7CA636" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[955,1163,305,330]" page="780" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD348AFEA2FB7CA636" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[955,1163,305,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="759 - 783" refId="ref8050" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1962) Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. IV. Systematic and nomenclatorial notes on the family Pachybolidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 69, 759 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 75592" type="journal article" year="1962">Hoffman, 1962: 780</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned; synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD3660FEC2FE4AA615" ID-CoL="ebd666c1-9f52-4a56-8b04-866ef8b481b9" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1936" box="[337,445,337,361]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Erythroprosopon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3660FEC2FE97A614" box="[337,352,337,360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD365CFEC2FE4AA615" box="[365,445,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD36C4FEC2FD93A615" ID-CoL="5C9H4" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[501,612,337,361]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD36C4FEC2FDF3A614" box="[501,516,337,360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3520FEC2FD93A615" box="[529,612,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3549FEC3FCBCA615" author="Mukherjee, M. C." box="[632,843,336,361]" page="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3549FEC3FCBCA615" author="Mukherjee, M. C." box="[632,843,336,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="25 - 28" refId="ref8763" refString="Mukherjee, M. C. (1962) Variation in the segment numbers of Indian millipedes. Journal of Genetics, 58, 25 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02986115" type="journal article" year="1962">Mukherjee, 1962: 25</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(segment variation study).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD336FFEC3FACFA615" author="Majumdar, G." box="[1118,1336,336,361]" page="109" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD336FFEC3FACFA615" author="Majumdar, G." box="[1118,1336,336,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="109 - 111" refId="ref8659" refString="Majumdar, G. (1967) Rigonema ornata sp. nov. (Nematoda, Rigonematidae) from the millipede, Xenobolus carnifex in India. Atas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro, 2, 109 - 111." type="journal article" year="1967">Majumdar, 1967: 109</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(study on gut protozoa).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD366AFEFCFDE6A6FB" author="Rajulu, S. G." box="[347,529,367,392]" page="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD366AFEFCFDE6A6FB" author="Rajulu, S. G." box="[347,529,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="111 - 149" refId="ref9090" refString="Rajulu, S. G. (1970) A catalogue of Myriapoda of India. (Part I). Journal of the Madras University, Series B, 1, 111 - 149." type="journal article" year="1970">Rajulu, 1970: 143</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD341DFEE3FC23A6FB" author="Bano, K." box="[812,980,367,391]" page="170" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD341DFEE3FC23A6FB" author="Bano, K." box="[812,980,367,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="165 - 182" refId="ref7037" refString="Bano, K. (1983) Millipedes and centipedes. In: Veeresh, G. K. &amp; Rajagopal, D. (Eds.), Applied soil biology and ecology. Sharada Publishers, Bangalore, Gangenahalli, pp. 165 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1983">Bano, 1983: 170</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD33DCFEFCFA6BA6FB" author="Achar, K. P." box="[1261,1436,367,392]" page="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD33DCFEFCFA6BA6FB" author="Achar, K. P." box="[1261,1436,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="145 - 155" refId="ref6525" refString="Achar, K. P. (1987) Chromosomal evolution in Diplopoda (Myriapoda: Arthropoda). Caryologia, 40, 145 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.1987.10797818" type="journal article" year="1987">Achar, 1987: 149</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cytogenetic study).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD36A7FE1EFCFEA6DA" author="Alagesan, P. &amp; Vanithapriya, S." box="[406,777,397,422]" page="299" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD36A7FE1EFCFEA6DA" author="Alagesan, P. &amp; Vanithapriya, S." box="[406,777,397,422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="299 - 300" refId="ref6868" refString="Alagesan, P. &amp; Vanithapriya, S. (1992) Preliminary study on the biodigestion of millipede waste for biogas production. Bio Education, 9, 299 - 300." type="journal article" year="1992">Alagesan &amp; Vanithapriya, 1992: 299</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(study on the biodigestion of millipede waste for biogas production).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3632FE3FFE53A6B9" author="Valli, P." box="[259,420,428,453]" page="322" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3632FE3FFE53A6B9" author="Valli, P." box="[259,420,428,453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="322 - 326" refId="ref9310" refString="Valli, P. (1994) Bio-efficacy of padan, traphon against the millipede Xenobolus carnifex. Environment &amp; Ecology, 12, 322 - 326." type="journal article" year="1994">Valli, 1994: 322</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(toxicity study).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3560FE3FFD03A6B9" author="Jeekel, C. A. W." box="[593,756,428,453]" page="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3560FE3FFD03A6B9" author="Jeekel, C. A. W." box="[593,756,428,453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="5 - 104" refId="ref8260" refString="Jeekel, C. A. W. (2001) A bibliographic catalogue of the Spirobolida of the Oriental and Australian regions (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda, 4, 5 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Jeekel, 2001: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).Alagesan
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3341FE3EFB54A6B9" box="[1136,1187,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
, 2003: 111 (study on gut bacteria).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD361AFE58FD4EA69F" author="Alagesan, P. &amp; Muthukrishnan, J." box="[299,697,459,484]" page="313" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD361AFE58FD4EA69F" author="Alagesan, P. &amp; Muthukrishnan, J." box="[299,697,459,484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="313 - 323" refId="ref6562" refString="Alagesan, P. &amp; Muthukrishnan, J. (2003) Effect of temperature on yolk utilisation and rate of development in Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida). African Invertebrates, 44, 313 - 323." type="journal article" year="2003">Alagesan &amp; Muthukrishnan, 2003: 313</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(study on the effect of temperature on embryology); 2005a: 5 (composition and biomass study); 2005b: 3 (bioenergetics study); 2009: 237 (study of population dynamics).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD33F4FE79FF17A55D" author="Wesener, T. &amp; Enghoff, H. &amp; Wagele, J. - W." page="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD33F4FE79FF17A55D" author="Wesener, T. &amp; Enghoff, H. &amp; Wagele, J. - W." pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="37 - 53" refId="ref9479" refString="Wesener, T., Enghoff, H. &amp; Wagele, J. - W. (2008) Pachybolini-a tribe of giant Afrotropical millipedes: arguments for monophyly and the description of a new genus from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22, 37 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 07008" type="journal article" year="2008">
Wesener
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3213FE78FAA1A57E" box="[1314,1366,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 38
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description of the species). Wesener &amp; Enghoff, 2009: 110, figs 23D, 24B, 25A–C (illustrations and SEM images of male and female).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3694FDB4FCFDA53C" author="Karthigeyan, M. &amp; Alagesan, P." box="[421,778,551,576]" page="62" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3694FDB4FCFDA53C" author="Karthigeyan, M. &amp; Alagesan, P." box="[421,778,551,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="62 - 67" refId="ref8338" refString="Karthigeyan, M. &amp; Alagesan, P. (2011) Millipede composting: A novel method for organic waste recycling. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3, 62 - 67. [http: // www. recent-science. com / index. php / rrst / article / download / 8591 / 4389]" type="journal article" year="2011">Karthigeyan &amp; Alagesan, 2011: 62</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(millicompost study).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD34C4FDB4FAA5A543" author="Alagesan, P. &amp; Ramanathan, B." box="[1013,1362,551,576]" page="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD34C4FDB4FAA5A543" author="Alagesan, P. &amp; Ramanathan, B." box="[1013,1362,551,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref6815" refString="Alagesan, P. &amp; Ramanathan, B. (2013) Diversity of millipedes in Alagar Hills Reserve Forest in Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Biodiversity, 2013 (ID 715460), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2013 / 715460" type="journal article" year="2013">Alagesan &amp; Ramanathan, 2013: 1</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD3FFAD3251FDB4FA6AA543" box="[1376,1437,551,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7. A: Leg-pair 1, ventral view. B: Leg-pair 2, ventral view. C: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view. D: Leg-pair 4, ventral view. E: Leg-pair 5, ventral view. F: Legpair 6, dorsal view. G: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
(brief description and image of the species);
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3590FDD6FC60A522" author="Bhakat, S." box="[673,919,581,606]" page="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3590FDD6FC60A522" author="Bhakat, S." box="[673,919,581,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="185 - 194" refId="ref7180" refString="Bhakat, S. (2014) Comparative water relations of some tropical millipedes. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 36, 185 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.5937 / KgJSci 1436185 S" type="journal article" year="2014">Bhakat, 2014: 185–186</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 189–191 (water content analysis).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD323EFDD6FF14A501" author="Barber, A. D." page="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD323EFDD6FF14A501" author="Barber, A. D." pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="52 - 53" refId="ref7085" refString="Barber, A. D. (2015) The &quot; Ikea Millipede &quot;, Xenobolus carnifex (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae) found in Dublin. Bulletin of the British Myriapod &amp; Isopod group, 28, 52 - 53." type="journal article" year="2015">Barber, 2015: 52</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1–3 (species name mentioned; images of the species). Chezhiyan &amp; Prabakaran, 2016: 91, plate 2 (species name mentioned; image of the species).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3516FD17FCCDA5E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6058993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6058993" author="De Zoysa, H. K. S. &amp; Nguyen, D. A. &amp; Wickramasinghe, S." box="[551,826,643,668]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E1387ACFFCD1B75FF6F435A1B68FCA3" page="457" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3516FD17FCCDA5E0" author="De Zoysa, H. K. S. &amp; Nguyen, D. A. &amp; Wickramasinghe, S." box="[551,826,643,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="451 - 482" refId="ref7619" refString="De Zoysa, H. K. S., Nguyen, D. A. &amp; Wickramasinghe, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka. Zootaxa, 4061 (5), 451 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4061.5.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
De Zoysa
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD35A0FD17FD31A5E7" box="[657,710,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 457
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3368FD10FA6BA5E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5666549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5666549" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T." box="[1113,1436,643,668]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E248799FF9CFF82FF39E546741CEE64" page="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3368FD10FA6BA5E7" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T." box="[1113,1436,643,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref7999" refString="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T. (2016) A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India. Zootaxa, 4129 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4129.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Golovatch &amp; Wesener 2016: 34</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FD52FB10A5A5" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" box="[151,1255,704,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD3FFAD37A6FD52FB10A5A5" box="[151,1255,704,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD37A6FD52FD9CA5A5" author="Verhoeff, K. W." box="[151,619,704,729]" page="505" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37A6FD52FD9CA5A5" ID-CoL="ebd666c1-9f52-4a56-8b04-866ef8b481b9" authority="Verhoeff, 1936: 505" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityPageNumber="505" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,619,704,729]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Erythroprosopon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FD52FE6DA5A5" box="[151,410,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Erythroprosopon phoenix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3691FD53FD9CA5A5" author="Verhoeff, K. W." box="[416,619,704,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="503 - 512" refId="ref9338" refString="Verhoeff, K. W. (1936) Ueber einige Myriapoden und Isopoden aus Dekan, gesammelt von Herrn S. Jones, Madras. Records of the Indian Museum, 38, 503 - 512." type="journal article" year="1936">Verhoeff, 1936: 505</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(description of the species), synonymised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD330AFD53FB13A5A5" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[1083,1252,704,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="759 - 783" refId="ref8050" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1962) Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. IV. Systematic and nomenclatorial notes on the family Pachybolidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 69, 759 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 75592" type="journal article" year="1962">Hoffman (1962)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FD4CFC14A584" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" box="[151,995,735,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD3FFAD37A6FD4CFC14A584" box="[151,995,735,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37A6FD4CFE6DA58B" ID-CoL="ebd666c1-9f52-4a56-8b04-866ef8b481b9" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,410,735,759]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Erythroprosopon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FD4CFE6DA58B" box="[151,410,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Erythroprosopon phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD369BFD4CFD3AA584" author="Moritz, M. &amp; Fischer, S. - C." box="[426,717,735,760]" page="251" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD369BFD4CFD3AA584" author="Moritz, M. &amp; Fischer, S. - C." box="[426,717,735,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="199 - 255" refId="ref8702" refString="Moritz, M. &amp; Fischer, S. - C. (1975) Die Typen der Myriapoden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. I. Diplopoda. Teil 3: Julida, Spirobolida. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 51, 199 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19750510206" type="journal article" year="1975">Moritz &amp; Fischer, 1975: 251</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FD6DFAEBA46A" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" box="[151,1308,765,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD3FFAD37A6FD6DFAEBA46A" box="[151,1308,765,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD37A6FD6DFDCEA46A" author="Attems, C." box="[151,569,765,790]" page="303" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37A6FD6DFDCEA46A" ID-CoL="5C9H3" authority="Attems, 1936: 303" authorityName=": Attems" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,569,765,790]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FD6DFE81A46A" box="[151,374,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Xenobolus acuticonus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD364AFD6DFDCEA46A" author="Attems, C." box="[379,569,765,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="133 - 323" refId="ref6972" refString="Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11, 133 - 323." type="journal article" year="1936">Attems, 1936: 303</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 87a–d (description and illustrations of the species).
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3349FD6DFAEBA46A" bold="true" box="[1144,1308,766,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">New synonymy</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FC8EFE88A370" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11ADFFD3FFAD37A6FC8EFE88A370" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37A6FC8EFE8DA448" ID-CoL="5C9H3" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,378,797,821]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FC8EFE8DA448" box="[151,378,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Xenobolus acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
--
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD36B8FC8FFDAEA449" author="Natarajan, R." box="[393,601,796,821]" page="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD36B8FC8FFDAEA449" author="Natarajan, R." box="[393,601,796,821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="91 - 101" refId="ref8839" refString="Natarajan, R. (1959) Cytological studies in Diplopoda (Myriapoda). Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 11, 91 - 101." type="journal article" year="1959">Natarajan, 1959: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD34B3FC8FFBA1A449" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[898,1110,796,821]" page="780" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD34B3FC8FFBA1A449" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[898,1110,796,821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="759 - 783" refId="ref8050" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1962) Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. IV. Systematic and nomenclatorial notes on the family Pachybolidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 69, 759 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 75592" type="journal article" year="1962">Hoffman, 1962: 780</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(suggested possible synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD37CDFCAFFE9AA42F" ID-CoL="5C9H4" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[252,365,827,851]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37CDFCAFFEFCA42F" box="[252,267,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD362BFCA8FE9AA42F" box="[282,365,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD36B5FCA8FCD1A42F" author="Nagarbhushanam, R. &amp; Gokhale, K. S." box="[388,806,827,852]" page="133" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD36B5FCA8FCD1A42F" author="Nagarbhushanam, R. &amp; Gokhale, K. S." box="[388,806,827,852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref8802" refString="Nagarbhushanam, R. &amp; Gokhale, K. S. (1968) Observations on the neurosecretory system of acuticonus Att. Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 17, 133 - 136." type="journal article" year="1968">Nagarbhushanam &amp; Gokhale, 1968: 133</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3378FCA8FAF4A42F" author="Rajulu, S. G." box="[1097,1283,827,852]" page="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3378FCA8FAF4A42F" author="Rajulu, S. G." box="[1097,1283,827,852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="111 - 149" refId="ref9090" refString="Rajulu, S. G. (1970) A catalogue of Myriapoda of India. (Part I). Journal of the Madras University, Series B, 1, 111 - 149." type="journal article" year="1970">Rajulu, 1970: 143</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD367AFCCAFD8DA40E" author="Sharma, G. P. &amp; Handa, S. M." box="[331,634,857,882]" page="678" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD367AFCCAFD8DA40E" author="Sharma, G. P. &amp; Handa, S. M." box="[331,634,857,882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="673 - 680" refId="ref9169" refString="Sharma, G. P. &amp; Handa, S. M. (1974) Comparative cytological studies in Gonoplectus malayus and Phyllogonostreptus nigrolabiatus (Diplopoda: Myriapoda). Cytologia, 39, 673 - 680. https: // doi. org / 10.1508 / cytologia. 39.673" type="journal article" year="1974">Sharma &amp; Handa, 1974: 678</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned). Demange, 1977: 231 (species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD37F6FCEBFDE7A4ED" author="Chowdaiah, B. N. &amp; Kanaka, R." box="[199,528,888,913]" page="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD37F6FCEBFDE7A4ED" author="Chowdaiah, B. N. &amp; Kanaka, R." box="[199,528,888,913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref7543" refString="Chowdaiah, B. N. &amp; Kanaka, R. (1979) Chromosome cytology of seven species of Indian Diplopoda (Myriapoda). In: Camatini, M. (Ed.), Myriapod Biology. Academic Press, London and New York, pp. 9 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1979">Chowdaiah &amp; Kanaka, 1979: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD341CFCEBFB3CA4ED" author="Janardanan, K. P. &amp; Ramachandran, P." box="[813,1227,888,913]" page="239" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD341CFCEBFB3CA4ED" author="Janardanan, K. P. &amp; Ramachandran, P." box="[813,1227,888,913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="249 - 256" refId="ref8132" refString="Janardanan, K. P. &amp; Ramachandran, P. (1982) Studies on a new cephaline gregarine, Stenoductus trigoniuli n. sp. with a note on its cytopathology. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 125, 249 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0003 - 9365 (82) 80022 - 5" type="journal article" year="1982">Janardanan &amp; Ramachandran, 1982: 239</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD362DFC0BFDCFA4D3" author="Rangaswamy, H. R. &amp; Devaiah, M. C. &amp; Govindan, R. &amp; Tippeswamy, C." box="[284,568,919,944]" page="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD362DFC0BFDCFA4D3" author="Rangaswamy, H. R. &amp; Devaiah, M. C. &amp; Govindan, R. &amp; Tippeswamy, C." box="[284,568,919,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" refId="ref9126" refString="Rangaswamy, H. R., Devaiah, M. C., Govindan, R. &amp; Tippeswamy, C. (1983) Progress of research on Diplopoda in India. College of Agriculture, Dwarwad, 41 pp." type="book" year="1983">
Rangaswamy
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD369AFC0BFE28A4D3" box="[427,479,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
, 1983: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3464FC0BFC0AA4D3" author="Bano, K." box="[853,1021,919,943]" page="170" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3464FC0BFC0AA4D3" author="Bano, K." box="[853,1021,919,943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="165 - 182" refId="ref7037" refString="Bano, K. (1983) Millipedes and centipedes. In: Veeresh, G. K. &amp; Rajagopal, D. (Eds.), Applied soil biology and ecology. Sharada Publishers, Bangalore, Gangenahalli, pp. 165 - 182." type="book chapter" year="1983">Bano, 1983: 170</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3228FC04FF1AA4B2" author="Achar, K. P." page="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3228FC04FF1AA4B2" author="Achar, K. P." pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="145 - 155" refId="ref6525" refString="Achar, K. P. (1987) Chromosomal evolution in Diplopoda (Myriapoda: Arthropoda). Caryologia, 40, 145 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.1987.10797818" type="journal article" year="1987">Achar, 1987: 149</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cytogenetic study).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD36F0FC26FD5EA4B2" author="Bai, M. M. &amp; Indra, T. J." box="[449,681,949,974]" page="231" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD36F0FC26FD5EA4B2" author="Bai, M. M. &amp; Indra, T. J." box="[449,681,949,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="229 - 235" refId="ref6995" refString="Bai, M. M. &amp; Indra, T. J. (1997) Report on the millipede fauna of South Arcot District, Tamilnadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 96, 229 - 235." type="journal article" year="1997">Bai &amp; Indra, 1997: 231</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(brief description and natural history of the species).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD33F1FC26FA93A4B2" author="Jeekel, C. A. W." box="[1216,1380,949,974]" page="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD33F1FC26FA93A4B2" author="Jeekel, C. A. W." box="[1216,1380,949,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="5 - 104" refId="ref8260" refString="Jeekel, C. A. W. (2001) A bibliographic catalogue of the Spirobolida of the Oriental and Australian regions (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda, 4, 5 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Jeekel, 2001: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3680FC47FD3CA491" author="Basil-Rose, S. M. R. &amp; Ravindranath, M. H. &amp; Mercy, S. P. D." box="[433,715,980,1005]" page="331" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3680FC47FD3CA491" author="Basil-Rose, S. M. R. &amp; Ravindranath, M. H. &amp; Mercy, S. P. D." box="[433,715,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="331 - 336" refId="ref7128" refString="Basil-Rose, S. M. R., Ravindranath, M. H. &amp; Mercy, S. P. D. (2014) Physico-chemical characterization of a natural agglutinin from the hemolymph of a millipede Thyropygus descriptus. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 11, 331 - 336." type="journal article" year="2014">
Basil-Rose
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3516FC46FDADA491" box="[551,602,981,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 331
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(study of hemagglutinability).
<treatmentCitation id="0AFC1092FFD3FFAD3337FC47FAB3A491" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5666545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5666545" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T." box="[1030,1348,980,1005]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E248799FF9DFF82FF39E35D741BEA00" page="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3337FC47FAB3A491" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T." box="[1030,1348,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref7999" refString="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T. (2016) A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India. Zootaxa, 4129 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4129.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Golovatch &amp; Wesener 2016: 34</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species name mentioned).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3476508FFD3FFAD37A6FBA9FD0EA07C" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37A6FBA9FAC5A251" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37A6FBA9FEB8A328" bold="true" box="[151,335,1081,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<typeStatus id="54E68821FFD3FFAD37A6FBA9FF25A328" box="[151,210,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Type</typeStatus>
materials.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54E68821FFD3FFAD3667FBA9FE79A328" box="[342,398,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Type</typeStatus>
(?
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD3681FBA9FE30A328" box="[432,455,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
/
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD36E3FBA9FE15A328" box="[466,482,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD3521FBA9FDBFA328" box="[528,584,1082,1108]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3521FBA9FDBFA328" box="[528,584,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Iulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(recte:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD35ADFBA9FD20A328" box="[668,727,1082,1108]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Julus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD35ADFBA9FD20A328" box="[668,727,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Julus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD35D6FBA9FCB4A328" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[743,835,1082,1108]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD35D6FBA9FCB4A328" box="[743,835,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD3FFAD34B7FBA9FC2EA328" box="[902,985,1082,1108]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">INDIA</collectingCountry>
; D. Koenig leg.; date unknown; voucher number unknown; repository Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, not examined as the
<typeStatus id="54E68821FFD3FFAD33C1FBCDFAD7A304" box="[1264,1312,1118,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
material is lost (Enghoff, pers. comm.) [the original illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD3429FB10FC63A3E0" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[792,916,1154,1180]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3429FB10FCDEA3E0" box="[792,809,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3409FB11FC63A3E0" box="[824,916,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given in
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD3FFAD3330FB11FB73A3E0" author="Carl, J." box="[1025,1156,1154,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" pagination="377 - 404" refId="ref7445" refString="Carl, J. (1919) Revision de quelques spirobolides du Museum de Geneve. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 27, 377 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 36330" type="journal article" year="1919">Carl (1919)</bibRefCitation>
and the illustrations and SEM images of non-type material of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD351EFB34FD5EA3BC" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[559,681,1190,1216]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD351EFB34FDB7A3BC" box="[559,576,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD357CFB35FD5EA3BC" box="[589,681,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented by Wesener and Enghoff (2009) are diagnosable and were used for comparative purposes].
<typeStatus id="54E68821FFD3FFAD3533FB59FDCDA398" box="[514,570,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Type</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD3579FB59FDA9A398" box="[584,606,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD35BAFB59FC77A398" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[651,896,1226,1252]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD35BAFB59FC77A398" box="[651,896,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Xenobolus acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD3FFAD34F2FB59FBE0A398" box="[963,1047,1226,1252]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Madras; F.H. Gravely leg.; 22 August; voucher number unknown; repository possibly Indian Museum, Kolkata, not examined as the
<typeStatus id="54E68821FFD3FFAD33D9FB7DFAEFA274" box="[1256,1304,1262,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
is currently not in the myriapod collection kept in the National Zoological Collection, Kolkata (Sankaran, pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37F6FAA5FD6FA178" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37F6FAA5FD15A22C" bold="true" box="[199,738,1333,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
Topotype material (
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD3684FAA5FDA1A22C" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[437,598,1334,1360]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3684FAA5FE3FA22C" bold="true" box="[437,456,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD36E9FAA5FDA1A22C" bold="true" box="[472,598,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) examined.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B353CDEFFD3FFAD35DBFAA6FD62A178" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2622607303" collectingDate="2018-12-09" collectingDateMax="2019-09-21" collectingDateMin="2018-12-09" collectorName="M. S Pradeep" country="India" county="Chennai" elevation="41" latitude="12.924931" location="Madras Christian College" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.1" municipality="Tambaram" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-subadult="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD35DBFAA6FC21A22C" bold="true" box="[746,982,1333,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD3FFAD35DBFAA6FCC9A22C" box="[746,830,1333,1360]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD347DFAA6FC21A22C" bold="true" box="[844,982,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD3FFAD347DFAA6FC21A22C" box="[844,982,1333,1360]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="62834E0FFFD3FFAD34D7FAA5FBB1A22C" box="[998,1094,1334,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Chennai</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B86ACF9FFD3FFAD3363FAA5FB3BA22C" box="[1106,1228,1334,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Tambaram</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E826058FFD3FFAD33E8FAA5FF19A208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F48795FFD2FFA737A6FC6AFC60A089:8E826058FFD3FFAD33E8FAA5FF19A208" country="India" county="Chennai" latitude="12.924931" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.1" municipality="Tambaram" name="Madras Christian College" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Madras Christian College</location>
campus (
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD366FFAC9FDF9A208" box="[350,526,1369,1396]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="16.05" value="12.921125">
12
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD364AFACAFE74A21B" attach="none" box="[379,387,1369,1383]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
55’16.05’’N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD352DFAC9FD3DA208" box="[540,714,1369,1396]" degrees="80" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="19.42" value="80.12206">
80
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3509FACAFDB7A21B" attach="none" box="[568,576,1369,1383]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
07’19.42’’E
</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD35D1FAC9FCECA208" box="[736,795,1370,1396]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="41.0">
<elevation id="0070D1B0FFD3FFAD35D1FAC9FCECA208" box="[736,795,1370,1396]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="41.0">41 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="FFE31043FFD3FFAD3466FAC9FBD2A208" box="[855,1061,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2018-12-09">
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9ABFFD3FFAD3466FAC9FBD2A208" box="[855,1061,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2018-12-09">9 December 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A85355FFD3FFAD3303FAC9FB33A208" box="[1074,1220,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">M.S Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand:
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD3630FAEDFE81A2E4" box="[257,374,1406,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="subadult">1 subadult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD364FFAEDFE64A2E4" box="[382,403,1406,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(MILLI-ADSH0010). Chennai, Nungambakkam, Loyola College campus (
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD33D6FAEDFA6FA2E4" box="[1255,1432,1405,1432]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="48.14" value="13.063373">
13
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3235FAEEFAFBA2F7" attach="right" box="[1284,1292,1405,1419]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
03’48.14’’N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD37A6FA31FEB3A2C1" box="[151,324,1441,1469]" degrees="80" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="04.36" value="80.23454">
80
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3782FA32FF4CA2D3" attach="none" box="[179,187,1441,1455]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
14’04.36’’E
</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD3669FA32FE66A2C0" box="[344,401,1441,1468]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation id="0070D1B0FFD3FFAD3669FA32FE66A2C0" box="[344,401,1441,1468]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="FFE31043FFD3FFAD36F9FA31FD68A2C0" box="[456,671,1442,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2018-12-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9ABFFD3FFAD36F9FA31FD68A2C0" box="[456,671,1442,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2018-12-10">10 December 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A85355FFD3FFAD3598FA31FCCEA2C0" box="[681,825,1442,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">M.S Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand:
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD3349FA31FB55A2C0" box="[1144,1186,1442,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(MILLI-ADSH0011). Chennai, Tambaram (
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD36A0FA55FDB5A29C" box="[401,578,1477,1504]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="29.75" value="12.924931">
12
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD369FFA56FE41A2AF" attach="none" box="[430,438,1477,1491]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
55’29.75’’N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD3563FA55FD08A29D" box="[594,767,1477,1505]" degrees="80" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="00.01" value="80.1">
80
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD355FFA56FD81A2AF" attach="none" box="[622,630,1477,1491]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
06’00.01’’E
</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD3429FA55FCA2A29C" box="[792,853,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="19.0">
<elevation id="0070D1B0FFD3FFAD3429FA55FCA2A29C" box="[792,853,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="FFE31043FFD3FFAD34A4FA55FB8CA29C" box="[917,1147,1478,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2019-09-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9ABFFD3FFAD34A4FA55FB8CA29C" box="[917,1147,1478,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2019-09-21">21 September 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A85355FFD3FFAD33BBFA55FAE8A29C" box="[1162,1311,1478,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">M.S Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand:
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD366CFA79FE6BA178" box="[349,412,1514,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(MILLI-ADSH0012)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37F6F99EFD0EA07C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37F6F99EFD5FA154" bold="true" box="[199,680,1549,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
Other material (
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD3FFAD36A2F99DFDEFA154" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[403,536,1549,1576]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD36A2F99DFE51A154" bold="true" box="[403,422,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3689F99EFDEFA154" bold="true" box="[440,536,1549,1576]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) examined.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B353CDEFFD3FFAD3582F99EFACCA1C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2622607302" collectingDate="2017-07-23" collectingDateMax="2018-07-21" collectingDateMin="2017-07-23" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep &amp; Jimmy Paul &amp; Jithin Johnson" country="India" county="Palakkad" elevation="70" latitude="9.952589" location="Pullodu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.36392" municipality="Thrippalur" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Kerala">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3582F99EFC98A154" bold="true" box="[691,879,1549,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD3FFAD3582F99EFCF0A154" box="[691,775,1549,1576]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">INDIA</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3429F99EFC91A154" bold="true" box="[792,870,1549,1576]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD3FFAD3429F99EFC91A154" box="[792,870,1549,1576]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Kerala</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="62834E0FFFD3FFAD344AF99DFC12A154" box="[891,997,1550,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Palakkad</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B86ACF9FFD3FFAD34C2F99DFB9AA154" box="[1011,1133,1550,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Thrippalur</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E826058FFD3FFAD334DF99DFB24A154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F48795FFD2FFA737A6FC6AFC60A089:8E826058FFD3FFAD334DF99DFB24A154" box="[1148,1235,1550,1576]" country="India" county="Palakkad" latitude="9.952589" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.36392" municipality="Thrippalur" name="Pullodu" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Kerala">Pullodu</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD33D6F99DFA60A154" box="[1255,1431,1549,1576]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="16.58" value="10.6379385">
10
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3235F99EFAFBA167" attach="none" box="[1284,1292,1549,1563]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
38’16.58’’N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD37A6F9A1FEB3A130" box="[151,324,1585,1612]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="52.87" value="76.56469">
76
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3782F9A2FF4CA143" attach="none" box="[179,187,1585,1599]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
33’52.87’’E
</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD3666F9A1FE78A130" box="[343,399,1586,1612]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="70.0">
<elevation id="0070D1B0FFD3FFAD3666F9A1FE78A130" box="[343,399,1586,1612]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="FFE31043FFD3FFAD36F5F9A1FDA2A130" box="[452,597,1586,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2017-07-30">
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9ABFFD3FFAD36F5F9A1FDA2A130" box="[452,597,1586,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2017-07-30">30 July 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A85355FFD3FFAD356EF9A1FD02A130" box="[607,757,1586,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">M.S. Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from walls, by hand:
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD332BF9A1FBAEA130" box="[1050,1113,1586,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="male">7 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD3355F9A2FB56A130" box="[1124,1185,1585,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(MILLI-ADSH0007). Ernakulam,Aluva, Thottakkattukara aqueduct (
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD3590F9C5FCA5A10C" box="[673,850,1621,1648]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="10.35" value="10.119542">
10
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD358FF9C6FD31A11F" attach="none" box="[702,710,1621,1635]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
07’10.35’’N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD346AF9C5FBFFA10D" box="[859,1032,1621,1649]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="34.62" value="76.34295">
76
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3446F9C6FC88A11F" attach="none" box="[887,895,1621,1635]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
20’34.62’’E
</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD332BF9C5FBA7A10C" box="[1050,1104,1622,1648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="11.0">
<elevation id="0070D1B0FFD3FFAD332BF9C5FBA7A10C" box="[1050,1104,1622,1648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="FFE31043FFD3FFAD33B3F9C5FAE6A10C" box="[1154,1297,1622,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2017-07-23">
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9ABFFD3FFAD33B3F9C5FAE6A10C" box="[1154,1297,1622,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2017-07-23">23 July 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A85355FFD3FFAD322BF9C5FA6BA10C" box="[1306,1436,1622,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Jimmy Paul</collectorName>
leg., from ground, by hand:
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD36E6F9E9FDF2A1E8" box="[471,517,1658,1684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD3523F9E9FDCAA1E8" box="[530,573,1658,1684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(MILLI-ADSH0008). Ernakulam, Tripunithura, Hill Palace (
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD33C4F9E9FA6FA1E8" box="[1269,1432,1657,1684]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="09.32" value="9.952589">
9
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3235F9EAFAFBA1FB" attach="none" box="[1284,1292,1657,1671]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
57’09.32’’N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD37A6F90DFEB2A1C4" box="[151,325,1693,1720]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="1" seconds="50.13" value="76.36392">
76
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD3782F90EFF4CA1D7" attach="none" box="[179,187,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
21’50.13’’E
</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD3666F90DFE78A1C4" box="[343,399,1694,1720]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="29.0">
<elevation id="0070D1B0FFD3FFAD3666F90DFE78A1C4" box="[343,399,1694,1720]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="29.0">29 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="FFE31043FFD3FFAD36F5F90DFDA2A1C4" box="[452,597,1694,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2018-07-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9ABFFD3FFAD36F5F90DFDA2A1C4" box="[452,597,1694,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2018-07-21">21 July 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A85355FFD3FFAD356EF90DFD08A1C4" box="[607,767,1694,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Jithin Johnson</collectorName>
leg., from bark, by hand:
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD332BF90DFBB4A1C4" box="[1050,1091,1694,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(MILLI-ADSH0009)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B353CDEFFD3FFAD3275F90EFD02A07C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2622607301" collectingDate="2019-10-10" collectorName="M. S. Pradeep" country="India" elevation="30" latitude="16.515" location="Vijayawada" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="80.62278" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD3275F90EFF01A1A0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD3FFAD3275F90EFF01A1A0" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="8E826058FFD3FFAD3634F951FE7BA1A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F48795FFD2FFA737A6FC6AFC60A089:8E826058FFD3FFAD3634F951FE7BA1A0" box="[261,396,1730,1756]" country="India" latitude="16.515" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="80.62278" name="Vijayawada" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">Vijayawada</location>
, near railway station (
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD35B9F951FCE1A1A0" box="[648,790,1729,1756]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="15" seconds="54" value="16.515">
16
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30’54’’N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE695044FFD3FFAD3413F951FC5BA1A0" box="[802,940,1729,1756]" degrees="80" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" precision="15" seconds="22" value="80.62278">
80
<superScript id="7C289BCBFFD3FFAD340FF952FCB1A1B3" attach="none" box="[830,838,1729,1743]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">o</superScript>
37’22’’E
</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD34F3F951FC0BA1A0" box="[962,1020,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation id="0070D1B0FFD3FFAD34F3F951FC0BA1A0" box="[962,1020,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<date id="FFE31043FFD3FFAD3307F951FB00A1A0" box="[1078,1271,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2019-10-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9ABFFD3FFAD3307F951FB00A1A0" box="[1078,1271,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" value="2019-10-10">10 October 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A85355FFD3FFAD3232F951FA6BA1A0" box="[1283,1436,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">M.S. Pradeep</collectorName>
leg., from walls, by hand:
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD0AFFD3FFAD368CF975FE0BA07C" box="[445,508,1766,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(MILLI-ADSH0013)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3476508FFD3FFAD37F6F89AFD89A058" box="[199,638,1801,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37F6F89AFD89A058" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2044]" box="[199,638,1801,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37F6F89AFEB5A058" bold="true" box="[199,322,1801,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
As in the generic diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3476508FFD3FFA637F6F8BEFDEEA0EC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAD37F6F8BEFDEFA010" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37F6F8BEFE82A034" bold="true" box="[199,373,1837,1864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Redescription.</emphasis>
Measurements: male with 50 body rings, circa
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD34B0F8BDFC38A034" box="[897,975,1838,1864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD3325F8BEFB9EA034" box="[1044,1129,1837,1864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
wide. Female with 50 body rings, circa
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD3FFAD362AF8C1FE9DA010" box="[283,362,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
long, 5.8 wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD3FFAA37F6F8E5FEF0A787" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2044]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD3FFAD37F6F8E5FEE1A0EC" box="[199,278,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Colour</emphasis>
. Aposematic colour pattern consisting blood-red (male)/orange (female) and black (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD3FFAD33FBF8E5FAFEA0EC" box="[1226,1289,1910,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1369,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1098,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1098,1341]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Field photographs of Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775). A: Male from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI- ADSH0007). B: Female from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI-ADSH0007). Photo courtesy Jimmy Paul." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839655/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="168">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–B). Head, antennae, collum, ring 2, pre-anal ring, anal valves, legs blood-red/orange. Vertex between eyes black. Body rings except ring 2 laterally black, latero-basally and ventrally with a blood-red/orange stripe interrupted at posterior margin of metazonites with irregular creamy and black patches. Metazonites dorsally with a median blood-red/or- ange stripe consisting of an hour glass-shaped pattern (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD4FFAA343BFF0AFCBDA7CF" box="[778,842,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1369,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1098,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1098,1341]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Field photographs of Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775). A: Male from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI- ADSH0007). B: Female from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI-ADSH0007). Photo courtesy Jimmy Paul." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–B). Colouration of preserved material: parts with blood-red/orange colour faded to yellowish red/yellowish orange. Metazonites greyish with irregular creamy-white markings.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22660BFFD4FFAA37A6F9F8FC43A1B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" startId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD4FFAA37A6F9F8FC43A1B0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1643,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA37A6F9F8FEE4A1F8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1643,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD4FFAA362BF9FFFD64A1F8" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[282,659,1643,1668]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA362BF9FFFE29A1F8" box="[282,478,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD4FFAA36DDF9F8FD7BA1F8" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[492,652,1643,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(MILLI-ADSH0007).
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA344FF9F8FC58A1F8" bold="true" box="[894,943,1643,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">A, D</emphasis>
: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA37A6F903FF5FA1D4" bold="true" box="[151,168,1680,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">B</emphasis>
: Legs 1–7, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA3694F91CFE23A1D4" bold="true" box="[421,468,1679,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">C, E</emphasis>
: Telson, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA359EF903FD49A1D4" bold="true" box="[687,702,1680,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">F</emphasis>
: Left antenna, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA34E7F91CFC1DA1D4" bold="true" box="[982,1002,1679,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">G</emphasis>
: Gnathochilarium, ventral view. A–C, F–G male, D–E female.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA366AF920FE3DA1B0" bold="true" box="[347,458,1715,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Scale bars</emphasis>
: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD4FFAA37F6F969FE24A091" blockId="4.[151,1437,1786,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD4FFAA37F6F969FEF3A068" box="[199,260,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Head</emphasis>
. Head micropunctate, vertex prominent. Each eye patch with circa 48–50 ommatidia arranged in 7 or 8 vertical rows. Axial sulcus prominent, discontinued at frons. Labrum with four irregular teeth and a single row of 8 or 9 short marginal setae (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD4FFAA3685F8D1FDFAA021" box="[436,525,1858,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Clypeus with four setiferous foveolae, two on each side. Antennal cavity present, slightly extending below eyes. Antennae short (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD4FFAA3594F8F5FD0EA0FD" box="[677,761,1894,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), protruding back to ring 2. Relative length of antennomeres: 1&lt;2&gt;3&gt;4&lt;5&lt;6. Terminal antennomere with four large sensory cones located together inside a membranous area (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD4FFAA3791F83DFF0BA0B5" box="[160,252,1966,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Antennomere 5 apico-laterally with a field of 3 or 4 rows, antennomere 6 with 2 or 3 rows, of sensilla basiconica (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD4FFAA362CF841FE81A091" box="[285,374,2002,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
, arrow).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22660BFFD5FFAB37A6FAF4FC25A2BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" startId="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1357]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD5FFAB37A6FAF4FC25A2BB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1383,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB37A6FAF4FEE5A2FC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD5FFAB3629FAFBFD79A2FC" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[280,654,1383,1408]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB3629FAFBFE2CA2FC" box="[280,475,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD5FFAB36D6FAF4FD70A2FC" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[487,647,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB333CFAF4FBE8A2FC" bold="true" box="[1037,1055,1383,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">A</emphasis>
: Leg-pair 1, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB3219FAFBFACEA2FC" bold="true" box="[1320,1337,1384,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">B</emphasis>
: Leg-pair 2, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB360BFA18FEBBA2D8" bold="true" box="[314,332,1419,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB343EFA1FFCD6A2D8" bold="true" box="[783,801,1420,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">D</emphasis>
: Leg-pair 4, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB3301FA1FFBB6A2D8" bold="true" box="[1072,1089,1420,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">E</emphasis>
: Leg-pair 5, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB327EFA1FFAA9A2D8" bold="true" box="[1359,1374,1420,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">F</emphasis>
: Legpair 6, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB366EFA3CFE84A2B4" bold="true" box="[351,371,1455,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">G</emphasis>
: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB35FBFA3CFCCFA2B4" bold="true" box="[714,824,1455,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Scale bars</emphasis>
: A–G = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD5FFAB37F6FA65FD89A194" blockId="5.[151,1437,1526,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB37F6FA65FE7FA16C" box="[199,392,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Gnathochilarium</emphasis>
. Usual for spirobolidans. Each lamella lingualis with two setae, located obliquely behind one another. Stipites with a slightly wavy lateral margin, each stipes with three stout apical setae (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB33D8F989FAB6A148" box="[1257,1345,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) and an oblique transverse ridge directed towards mentum (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB35E4F9ADFCC7A124" box="[725,816,1598,1624]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Basal 2/3 mentum with several transverse ridges (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB325EF9ADFF4AA100" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Palpi with numerous sensilla (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB3518F9F1FD73A100" box="[553,644,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Hypopharyngeal crest with a field of spine-like structures (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB3207F9F1FA78A100" box="[1334,1423,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Central pads of endochilarium divided by a groove and a ridge into two separate regions (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB334AF915FB24A1DC" box="[1147,1235,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
; CP, Endo), distomesally with a group of circa 7 or 8 sensilla arranged in a circle (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB345EF939FC31A1B8" box="[879,966,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
, inset), basally with more than 22 sensilla arranged in oblique vertical rows (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB3528F95DFD86A194" box="[537,625,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD5FFAB37F6F961FC8FA0E1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1526,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB37F6F961FEC5A070" box="[199,306,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Mandible</emphasis>
. Slim and elongated. External tooth simple, squarish (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB34BFF961FC11A070" box="[910,998,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
; ET); inner tooth with three cusps (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB325EF961FF4DA04C" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB37F7F885FF23A04C" box="[198,212,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1369,1394]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1098,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1098,1341]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Field photographs of Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775). A: Male from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI- ADSH0007). B: Female from Pullodu in Trippalur, Palakkad (MILLI-ADSH0007). Photo courtesy Jimmy Paul." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839655/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB37D2F885FF04A04C" box="[227,243,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB37CEF885FEDDA04C" box="[255,298,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7. A: Leg-pair 1, ventral view. B: Leg-pair 2, ventral view. C: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view. D: Leg-pair 4, ventral view. E: Leg-pair 5, ventral view. F: Legpair 6, dorsal view. G: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">3; 3</figureCitation>
IT), laterally an additional, isolated, simple tooth (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB3453F885FC4DA04C" box="[866,954,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
; LT). Pectinate lamellae arranged in 5 or 6 rows (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB37ECF8A9FEC1A028" box="[221,310,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
; PL). Mesal margin of pectinate area with a single row of small, slender spines continued with circa 4 or 5 rows of small spines baso-mesally (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB3545F8CDFD39A004" box="[628,718,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); basal margin with 3 or 4 transverse rows of small spines (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB325EF8CDFF4BA0E0" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Molar plate long with&gt;10 transverse furrows (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB35EAF811FCC4A0E0" box="[731,819,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,345,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6). B: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad). C: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off). Abbreviations: 3IT = 3-combed inner tooth, CP = central pad, Endo = endochilarium, ET = external tooth, LT = lateral tooth, MP = molar plate, PL = pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth. Scale bars: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
; MP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD5FFAB37F6F835FAC9A0BD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1526,2021]" box="[199,1342,1958,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB37F6F835FEEEA0BC" box="[199,281,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Collum</emphasis>
. Lateral margin rounded, not reaching the tips of ring 2, surface weakly punctate (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD5FFAB3384F835FAC6A0BD" box="[1205,1329,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2A, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD5FFA837F6F859FCD2A63F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1526,2021]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD5FFAB37F6F859FEB2A098" box="[199,325,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Body rings</emphasis>
. Divided by sutures in three transverse zones, pro-, meso- and metazona. Meso- and metazonae dorsally micropunctate, ventrally with numerous weak longitudinal and oblique striations. Ozopore located on mesozona, starting with ring 6, located close to, but not touching suture between meso- and metazona. Pre-anal ring/epiproct sharp-edged, slightly extending beyond anal valves/paraprocts, more prominent in female (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA8320FFF72FF5BA663" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2C, E</figureCitation>
). Anal valves with well-developed lips and micropunctuations, but with neither grooves nor setae (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA83224FE96FA67A663" box="[1301,1424,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2C, E</figureCitation>
). Subanal scale/hypoproct inconspicuous, widely triangular.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22660BFFD6FFA837A6FA84FB82A2C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839661" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839661/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" startId="6.[151,250,1303,1328]" targetBox="[151,1435,346,1277]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD6FFA837A6FA84FB82A2C3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1303,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA837A6FA84FEE4A24C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1303,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD6FFA83628FA84FD66A24C" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[281,657,1303,1328]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA83628FA84FE2AA24C" box="[281,477,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD6FFA836DBFA84FD7DA24C" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[490,650,1303,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(MILLI-ADSH0007), male.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA83488FA84FC3CA24C" bold="true" box="[953,971,1303,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">A</emphasis>
: Left antenna, antennomere 6 and disc, apical view (arrow indicates sensilla basiconica on antennomere 6).
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA83420FAAFFCD5A228" bold="true" box="[785,802,1340,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">B</emphasis>
: Central pads and palps, detail (inset sensilla on central pad).
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA837A6FACCFF5EA204" bold="true" box="[151,169,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">C</emphasis>
: Left mandible, inner view (pectinate lamellae partly rubbed off).
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA8347AFACCFC13A204" bold="true" box="[843,996,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Abbreviations</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA834C0FACCFBEEA204" bold="true" box="[1009,1049,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">3IT</emphasis>
= 3-combed inner tooth,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA8322AFACCFACAA204" bold="true" box="[1307,1341,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">CP</emphasis>
= central pad,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA837F9FA17FEF5A2E0" bold="true" box="[200,258,1412,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Endo</emphasis>
= endochilarium,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA8368BFA17FE2BA2E0" bold="true" box="[442,476,1412,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">ET</emphasis>
= external tooth,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA835BCFA17FD5BA2E0" bold="true" box="[653,684,1412,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">LT</emphasis>
= lateral tooth,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA8347DFA17FC84A2E0" bold="true" box="[844,883,1412,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">MP</emphasis>
= molar plate,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA8333AFA17FBDCA2E0" bold="true" box="[1035,1067,1412,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">PL</emphasis>
= pectinate lamellae. Digits 1, 2 and 3 indicate 3 combs of inner tooth.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA836C2FA34FD96A2BC" bold="true" box="[499,609,1447,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Scale bars</emphasis>
: A–B = 0.1 mm; inset image 0.01 mm; C = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD6FFA837F6FA7CFE2FA1C0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1518,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA837F6FA7CFF0BA174" box="[199,252,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Legs</emphasis>
. Coxae 1 and 2 elongated and fused with sternites. Coxae 1 unfused together, following ones remain adjacent (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA837DAF981FEB1A150" box="[235,326,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7. A: Leg-pair 1, ventral view. B: Leg-pair 2, ventral view. C: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view. D: Leg-pair 4, ventral view. E: Leg-pair 5, ventral view. F: Legpair 6, dorsal view. G: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Leg-pair 2 longer than 1st (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA835A5F981FD1AA150" box="[660,749,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7. A: Leg-pair 1, ventral view. B: Leg-pair 2, ventral view. C: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view. D: Leg-pair 4, ventral view. E: Leg-pair 5, ventral view. F: Legpair 6, dorsal view. G: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
); each podomere with apical/ventral/mesal stout and slender setae. Length of midbody legs circa
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD6FFA83504F9A5FD7BA12C" box="[565,652,1590,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
in males, circa
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD6FFA83470F9A5FC51A12C" box="[833,934,1590,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="4.92">4.92 mm</quantity>
in females. Leg-pair 8 onwards in male and all legs in female, podomeres from coxa to tibia subdistally or distally with a single ventral spine. Tarsus with one stout dorso-apical and 3 or 4 ventral/ventro-mesal stout/slender spines in males, 4 or 5 ventral/ventro-mesal ones in females. Claw large, curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD6FFA837F6F955FEE1A00C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1518,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA837F6F955FE3BA19C" box="[199,460,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Male sexual characters</emphasis>
. Coxae 3–7 modified, in particular 3rd and 4th with long, flat, rod-shaped, antero-mesal processes, 5th with a short, flat process, 6th and 7th with narrow, flat prominences (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA83361F979FB65A078" box="[1104,1170,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7. A: Leg-pair 1, ventral view. B: Leg-pair 2, ventral view. C: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view. D: Leg-pair 4, ventral view. E: Leg-pair 5, ventral view. F: Legpair 6, dorsal view. G: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C–G). Podomeres from prefemur to tibia of leg-pairs 1–6 and prefemur to postfemur of 7th modified with flat ventral excrescences (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA8325EF89DFF54A030" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1357]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male legs 1–7. A: Leg-pair 1, ventral view. B: Leg-pair 2, ventral view. C: Leg-pair 3 (partly damaged), ventral view. D: Leg-pair 4, ventral view. E: Leg-pair 5, ventral view. F: Legpair 6, dorsal view. G: Leg-pair 7, oblique dorsal view. Scale bars: A–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–G). Only body ring 7 conspicuously enlarged (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA835FEF8A1FCDEA030" box="[719,809,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1643,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,273,1619]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007). A, D: Head and anterior trunk segments, lateral view. B: Legs 1–7, ventral view. C, E: Telson, lateral view. F: Left antenna, lateral view. G: Gnathochilarium, ventral view.A–C, F–G male, D–E female. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; F–G = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839657/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Tips of gonopods visible in ventral view. Legs without tarsal pads.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD6FFA937F6F8E9FCA5A7AB" blockId="6.[151,1437,1518,2012]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD6FFA837F6F8E9FE78A0E8" box="[199,399,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Anterior gonopod</emphasis>
. Sternite inverted V-shaped, with a median spatula-shaped process (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA833B7F8E9FB14A0E8" box="[1158,1251,1913,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1641,1666]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Posterior gonopod, ventral view. D: Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839663/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA833DFF8E9FAE4A0E8" box="[1262,1299,1914,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">6A</figureCitation>
; ST, msST). Coxite broad, with a thumb-shaped mesal process, flat in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA8348BF80DFBCCA0C4" box="[954,1083,1949,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1641,1666]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Posterior gonopod, ventral view. D: Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839663/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Figs 5A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA83376F80DFBA3A0C4" box="[1095,1108,1950,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">6</figureCitation>
A–C; CO, mCO). Telopodite medio-laterally with paired globular processes (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA8359DF851FCF0A0A0" box="[684,775,1985,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1641,1666]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Posterior gonopod, ventral view. D: Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839663/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD6FFA83422F851FCC0A0A0" box="[787,823,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">6B</figureCitation>
; gT1, gT2); retrorse process short, with a flat proximal half, distal half with a downwards directed, broad, conical process and a finger-shaped, laterally oriented, mesal process with apical bifurcations (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA93538FF2EFD70A7AB" box="[521,647,188,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1641,1666]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[164,1424,237,1616]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Posterior gonopod, ventral view. D: Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839663/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Figs 5A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA935A2FF2EFD2FA7AB" box="[659,728,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">6A, B</figureCitation>
; RT, cRT).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22660BFFD7FFA937A6F9FAFB82A1D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839663/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172" startId="7.[151,250,1641,1666]" targetBox="[164,1424,237,1616]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD7FFA937A6F9FAFB82A1D9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1641,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA937A6F9FAFEE3A1FE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1641,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD7FFA9362DF9F9FD6EA1FE" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[284,665,1641,1666]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="7" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA9362DF9F9FE15A1FE" box="[284,482,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD7FFA936C1F9FAFD65A1FE" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[496,658,1641,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(MILLI-ADSH0007), male.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA934F4F9FAFC20A1FE" bold="true" box="[965,983,1641,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">A</emphasis>
: Anterior gonopods, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA9320FF9F9FAB8A1FE" bold="true" box="[1342,1359,1642,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">B</emphasis>
: Same, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA93629F91EFEDDA1DA" bold="true" box="[280,298,1677,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">C</emphasis>
: Posterior gonopod, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA935B6F91DFD6EA1DA" bold="true" box="[647,665,1678,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">D</emphasis>
: Same, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA9345CF91EFC2CA1DA" bold="true" box="[877,987,1677,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Scale bars</emphasis>
: A–D = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD7FFA937F6F946FB30A003" blockId="7.[151,1437,1748,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA937F6F946FE6AA192" box="[199,413,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Posterior gonopod</emphasis>
. Sternite narrow (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA93540F947FD3CA192" box="[625,715,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
; ST). Main branch slender; tip broad, semi-circular in outline, fringed with numerous tiny conical processes, with a short, claw-shaped, mesal process, with a short branched process lying adjacent to the claw-shaped process, with a short conical process (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA934D7F88FFBD0A04A" box="[998,1063,1820,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D–F, arrows 1, 2, 3; MnB). Mesal branch broad, proximo-laterally with a broad, semi-circular, membranous lamella, ridged disto-laterally, mesally with a membranous, trapezoid process and a sharp hook (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA9342BF8F7FC83A002" box="[794,884,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,181,1490]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007), male. A: Anterior gonopods, ventral view. B: Same, dorsal view. C: Same, mesal view. D: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view. E: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view. F: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = apodeme, cRT = conical process of retrorse process, CO = coxite, gT1 = first globular process of telopodite, gT2 = second globular process of telopodite, hMsB = hook-like process of mesal branch, lmMsB = lamellate process of mesal branch, mCO = mesal process of coxite, MnB = main branch, MsB = mesal branch, msST = median spatula-shaped process of sternite, RT = retrorse process, ST = sternite, tMsB = trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process. Scale bars: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
; MsB, lmMsB, tMsB, hMsB).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD7FFA937F6F81BFA7EA097" blockId="7.[151,1437,1748,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD7FFA937F6F81BFDC1A0DE" box="[199,566,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Female copulatory organ (vulva)</emphasis>
. Simple, bivalve-like (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA93402F81BFC5DA0DF" box="[819,938,1928,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,273,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1423,273,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female. A, C: Vulva, lateral view. B, D: Same, dorsal view. E: Setae on valves, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV = anterior valve, O = operculum, PV = posterior valve. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
), consisting of two simple, subequally-sized, sclerotised valves (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA9365CF83FFE59A0BB" box="[365,430,1964,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,273,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1423,273,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female. A, C: Vulva, lateral view. B, D: Same, dorsal view. E: Setae on valves, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV = anterior valve, O = operculum, PV = posterior valve. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–D; AV, PV). Each valve proximo-laterally bearing 2 or 3 rows of short setae located towards opening (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA9367AF843FE55A097" box="[331,418,2000,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,273,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1423,273,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female. A, C: Vulva, lateral view. B, D: Same, dorsal view. E: Setae on valves, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV = anterior valve, O = operculum, PV = posterior valve. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). ‘Operculum’ membranous, roughly circular with an anterior projection (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD7FFA933ECF843FAE8A097" box="[1245,1311,2000,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,273,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1423,273,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female. A, C: Vulva, lateral view. B, D: Same, dorsal view. E: Setae on valves, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV = anterior valve, O = operculum, PV = posterior valve. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–D; O).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22660BFFD8FFA637A6FA78FE51A183" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839665/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" startId="8.[151,250,1515,1540]" targetBox="[157,1429,186,1483]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD8FFA637A6FA78FE51A183" blockId="8.[151,1437,1515,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA637A6FA78FEE3A178" bold="true" box="[151,276,1515,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD8FFA6362DFA7FFD6EA178" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[284,665,1515,1540]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6362DFA7FFE15A178" box="[284,482,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD8FFA636C1FA78FD65A178" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[496,658,1515,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(MILLI-ADSH0007), male.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA634F4FA78FC20A178" bold="true" box="[965,983,1515,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
: Anterior gonopods, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6320FFA7FFAB8A178" bold="true" box="[1342,1359,1516,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">B</emphasis>
: Same, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6362CF99CFED8A154" bold="true" box="[285,303,1551,1576]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">C</emphasis>
: Same, mesal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA63538F983FDECA154" bold="true" box="[521,539,1552,1576]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">D</emphasis>
: Telopodite of left posterior gonopod, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA63371F983FBA6A154" bold="true" box="[1088,1105,1552,1576]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">E</emphasis>
: Left posterior gonopod, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA637E4F9A7FF13A130" bold="true" box="[213,228,1588,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">F</emphasis>
: Enlarged view of distal part of left telopodite, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA63467F9A0FC18A130" bold="true" box="[854,1007,1587,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Abbreviations</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA634CFF9A0FBE7A130" bold="true" box="[1022,1040,1587,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
= apodeme,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA633A6F9A7FB32A130" bold="true" box="[1175,1221,1588,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">cRT</emphasis>
= conical process of retrorse process,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA63672F9C4FE9EA10C" bold="true" box="[323,361,1623,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">CO</emphasis>
= coxite,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA636FFF9C4FE0EA10C" bold="true" box="[462,505,1623,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">gT1</emphasis>
= first globular process of telopodite,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6344DF9C4FC51A10C" bold="true" box="[892,934,1623,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">gT2</emphasis>
= second globular process of telopodite,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA63276F9CBFA7FA10C" bold="true" box="[1351,1416,1624,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">hMsB</emphasis>
= hook-like process of mesal branch,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA636CFF9EFFDBAA1E8" bold="true" box="[510,589,1660,1684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">lmMsB</emphasis>
= lamellate process of mesal branch,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA634FBF9E8FBF2A1E8" bold="true" box="[970,1029,1659,1684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">mCO</emphasis>
= mesal process of coxite,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA63229F9EFFA94A1E8" bold="true" box="[1304,1379,1660,1684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">MnB =</emphasis>
main branch,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA637D8F933FED8A1C4" bold="true" box="[233,303,1696,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">MsB =</emphasis>
mesal branch,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA636F8F90CFDF0A1C4" bold="true" box="[457,519,1695,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">msST</emphasis>
= median spatula-shaped process of sternite,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA634E2F933FC02A1C4" bold="true" box="[979,1013,1696,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">RT</emphasis>
= retrorse process,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6338DF90CFB2CA1C4" bold="true" box="[1212,1243,1695,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">ST</emphasis>
= sternite,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6327CF933FA7FA1C4" bold="true" box="[1357,1416,1696,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">tMsB</emphasis>
= trapezoid process of mesal branch. Digit 1 claw-shaped mesal process, 2 branched process, 3 conical process.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA633DDF950FAACA1A0" bold="true" box="[1260,1371,1731,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Scale bars</emphasis>
: A–C, E = 1 mm; D, F = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD8FFA637F6F8BEFDEEA0EC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1837,2045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA637F6F8BEFEBDA034" bold="true" box="[199,330,1837,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Variations.</emphasis>
Males (n=8): 47–50 body rings; length
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD8FFA6342FF8BDFC6AA035" box="[798,925,1838,1865]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="76.0" valueMin="74.0">74–76 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD8FFA634C4F8BEFB75A035" box="[1013,1154,1837,1865]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="5.1">5.1–5.4 mm</quantity>
; length of midbody legs
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD8FFA637A6F8C1FED9A011" box="[151,302,1874,1901]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.805" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.71" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="4.805" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="4.71">4.71–4.9 mm</quantity>
. Females (n=16, excluding the subadult one): 49–50 body rings; length
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD8FFA63374F8C2FB37A011" box="[1093,1216,1873,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="75.5" valueMax="76.0" valueMin="75.0">75–76 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4CA59B66FFD8FFA6323EF8C2FA6FA011" box="[1295,1432,1873,1901]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.699999999999999" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="5.699999999999999" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="5.6">5.6–5.8 mm</quantity>
; length of midbody legs 4.81–4.92.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3476508FFD8FFA737F6F80AFC60A089" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD8FFA737F6F80AFF17A780" blockId="8.[151,1437,1837,2045]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,252]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA637F6F80AFE96A0C8" bold="true" box="[199,353,1945,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Distribution.</emphasis>
Currently known only from
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD8FFA635AEF809FD2EA0C8" box="[671,729,1946,1972]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD8FFA635D7F809FC69A0C8" box="[742,926,1946,1972]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD8FFA63499F809FC02A0C8" box="[936,1013,1946,1972]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD8FFA634CEF809FB79A0C8" box="[1023,1166,1946,1972]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD8FFA633A9F809FAE9A0C8" box="[1176,1310,1946,1972]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4999F861FFD8FFA63219F808FF4CA0A5" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD8FFA637CBF82DFE90A0A4" box="[250,359,1982,2008]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(Colombo, Kandy, Maha Iluppalama) (
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD8FFA63412F82DFC9FA0A4" box="[803,872,1982,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1346,1371]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1321]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,381,1321]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Currently known distribution records of Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775)../. records from literature:. type locality, new record (Maha Iluppalama is omitted from the map due to the unavailability of geographic coordinates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839671/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Introduced populations are recorded in
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD8FFA63207F82DFA6AA0A4" box="[1334,1437,1982,2008]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD8FFA637AEF871FEA7A080" author="Newport, G." box="[159,336,2018,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="263 - 270" refId="ref8868" refString="Newport, G. (1844 a) A list of the species of Myriapoda, order Chilognatha, contained in the cabinets of the British Museum, with descriptions of a new genus and thirty-two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 263 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484409442605" type="journal article" year="1844">Newport 1844a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD8FFA6366BF871FE56A081" author="Newport, G." box="[346,417,2018,2045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" refId="ref8930" refString="Newport, G. (1844 b) List of the specimens of Myriapoda in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, vi + 15 pp." type="book" year="1844">1844b</bibRefCitation>
) and Europe (Dublin,
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD8FFA635ABF871FD1CA081" box="[666,747,2018,2045]" name="Ireland" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Ireland</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD8FFA63431F871FC66A080" author="Barber, A. D." box="[768,913,2017,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="52 - 53" refId="ref7085" refString="Barber, A. D. (2015) The &quot; Ikea Millipede &quot;, Xenobolus carnifex (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae) found in Dublin. Bulletin of the British Myriapod &amp; Isopod group, 28, 52 - 53." type="journal article" year="2015">Barber 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The record of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD8FFA6330EF870FA6AA080" authority="in Borneo" authorityName="in Borneo" box="[1087,1437,2018,2045]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6330EF870FBA7A080" box="[1087,1104,2019,2044]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD8FFA6336FF871FB4DA080" box="[1118,1210,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">carnifex</emphasis>
in Borneo (Matang)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA737AEFF0AFE96A7CF" author="Tomosvary, E." box="[159,353,152,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref9285" refString="Tomosvary, E. (1885) Myriopoda a Joanne Xantus in Asia orientali collecta. Termeszetrajazi Fuzetek, 9, 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1885">Tömösváry 1885</bibRefCitation>
) is uncertain (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA73532FF0AFD6CA7CF" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[515,667,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref8991" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriapoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 7, 131 - 174." type="journal article" year="1892">Pocock 1892</bibRefCitation>
). Records of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73403FF09FC59A7CF" box="[818,942,153,179]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73403FF09FCB4A7CF" box="[818,835,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73463FF0AFC59A7CF" box="[850,942,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD9FFA734CCFF0AFBBDA7CF" box="[1021,1098,153,179]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34A7613FFD9FFA7336BFF0AFB40A7C8" box="[1114,1207,153,180]" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Georgia</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA733FFFF0AFAB8A7CF" author="Koch, C. L." box="[1230,1359,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" refId="ref8398" refString="Koch, C. L. (1847) System der Myriapoden, mit den Verzeichnissen und Berichtigungen zu Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Heft 1 - 40. Pustet, Regensburg, 272 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49866" type="book" year="1847">Koch 1847</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA7326AFF0AFA63A7C8" author="Koch, C. L." box="[1371,1428,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" refId="ref8450" refString="Koch, C. L. (1863) Die Myriapoden. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Vol. 1. Druck und Verlag von H. W. Schmidt, Halle, 134 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10639" type="book" year="1863">1863</bibRefCitation>
) are certainly wrong, even though
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA7353AFF2EFD6EA7A4" author="Koch, C. L." box="[523,665,189,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" refId="ref8450" refString="Koch, C. L. (1863) Die Myriapoden. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Vol. 1. Druck und Verlag von H. W. Schmidt, Halle, 134 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10639" type="book" year="1863">Koch (1863)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated the species correctly (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA73337FF2EFB6CA7AB" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1030,1179,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="131 - 174" refId="ref8991" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriapoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 7, 131 - 174." type="journal article" year="1892">Pocock 1892</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA73397FF2EFF23A780" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T." pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref7999" refString="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Wesener, T. (2016) A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India. Zootaxa, 4129 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4129.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Golovatch &amp; Wesener 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22660BFFD9FFA737A6FB0CFAE4A383" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" startId="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" targetBox="[164,1422,273,1158]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD9FFA737A6FB0CFAE4A383" blockId="9.[151,1437,1183,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA737A6FB0CFEE1A3C4" bold="true" box="[151,278,1183,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73611FB33FD54A3C4" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[288,675,1183,1208]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73611FB33FE1FA3C4" box="[288,488,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA736C9FB0CFD6BA3C4" author="Fabricius, I. C." box="[504,668,1183,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" refId="ref7722" refString="Fabricius, I. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae etc. Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensburgi &amp; Lipsiae, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73317FB33FA6AA3C4" authority="Attems, 1936" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[1062,1437,1183,1208]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73317FB33FAFFA3C4" box="[1062,1288,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Xenobolus acuticonus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA73221FB33FA6AA3C4" author="Attems, C." box="[1296,1437,1183,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="133 - 323" refId="ref6972" refString="Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11, 133 - 323." type="journal article" year="1936">Attems, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73524FB50FDB1A3A0" bold="true" box="[533,582,1219,1244]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">A, C</emphasis>
: Vulva, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73410FB57FCA6A3A0" bold="true" box="[801,849,1220,1244]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">B, D</emphasis>
: Same, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73316FB57FBCFA3A0" bold="true" box="[1063,1080,1220,1244]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">E</emphasis>
: Setae on valves, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73242FB50FEE7A27C" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Abbreviations</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7362CFB74FEC9A27C" bold="true" box="[285,318,1255,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">AV</emphasis>
= anterior valve,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA736C3FB74FDF1A27C" bold="true" box="[498,518,1255,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">O</emphasis>
= operculum,
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA735ABFB7BFD4BA27C" bold="true" box="[666,700,1256,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">PV</emphasis>
= posterior valve.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7344BFB74FC1EA27C" bold="true" box="[890,1001,1255,1280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Scale bars</emphasis>
: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD9FFA737F6FABDFAA5A281" blockId="9.[151,1437,1325,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA737F6FABDFE72A234" bold="true" box="[199,389,1325,1352]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA736BDFABDFD91A234" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[396,614,1326,1352]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA736BDFABDFD91A234" box="[396,614,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Xenobolus carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synanthropic species and is mostly prevalent during the rainy season (June-July) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA73615FAC1FE4EA210" author="Bhakat, S." box="[292,441,1362,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="185 - 194" refId="ref7180" refString="Bhakat, S. (2014) Comparative water relations of some tropical millipedes. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 36, 185 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.5937 / KgJSci 1436185 S" type="journal article" year="2014">Bhakat 2014</bibRefCitation>
; Sankaran, pers. obs.). It can be seen in open soils rich in organic matter, on fallen logs, on damp bricks and stones, as well as on wall surfaces and trunks of trees, all covered with bryophytes and fungi (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA737AEFA09FEC2A2C8" author="Bhakat, S." box="[159,309,1434,1460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="185 - 194" refId="ref7180" refString="Bhakat, S. (2014) Comparative water relations of some tropical millipedes. Kragujevac Journal of Science, 36, 185 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.5937 / KgJSci 1436185 S" type="journal article" year="2014">Bhakat 2014</bibRefCitation>
; Sankaran, pers. obs.). Rarely the species can be observed resting on the branches of shrubs (Sankaran, pers. obs.). During the rainy season, large numbers of individuals invade inside and on the roofs of buildings, thus becoming a nuisance pest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA736CAFA71FD33A280" author="Bai, M. M. &amp; Indra, T. J." box="[507,708,1506,1532]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="229 - 235" refId="ref6995" refString="Bai, M. M. &amp; Indra, T. J. (1997) Report on the millipede fauna of South Arcot District, Tamilnadu. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 96, 229 - 235." type="journal article" year="1997">Bai &amp; Indra 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA735FFFA71FBA2A280" author="Alagesan, P. &amp; Muthukrishnan, J." box="[718,1109,1505,1532]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="3 - 14" refId="ref6651" refString="Alagesan, P. &amp; Muthukrishnan, J. (2005 b) Bioenergetics of the household millipede pest, Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida). Peckiana, 4, 3 - 14. [http: // www. senckenberg. de / files / content / forschung / publikationen / peckania / volume _ 2005 / 01 _ alagesan. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2005">Alagesan &amp; Muthukrishnan 2005b</bibRefCitation>
; Sankaran, pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE23683FFD9FFA737F6F996FC60A089" blockId="9.[151,1437,1325,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA737F6F996FDB2A15C" bold="true" box="[199,581,1541,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Justification of the synonymy of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA7357CF994FC68A15D" authority=": Attems (1936)" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[589,927,1542,1569]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7357CF994FD03A15C" bold="true" box="[589,756,1542,1569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7357CF994FD97A15D" bold="true" box="[589,608,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7355CF995FD1CA15C" bold="true" box="[621,747,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">acuticonus</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA735CDF995FC68A15D" author="Attems, C." box="[764,927,1542,1569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="133 - 323" refId="ref6972" refString="Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11, 133 - 323." type="journal article" year="1936">Attems (1936)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73328F994FB46A15C" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[1049,1201,1543,1568]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73328F994FB46A15C" box="[1049,1201,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X. acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Madras. It was characterised by a black body colouration, coupled with a row of hour-glass-shaped reddish spots on the dorsum, each male coxa 3 has a long process, an inverted V-shaped sternite of the anterior gonopods possesses a median spatula-shaped lamella, the anterior gonopod is with a broad coxite showing a short thumb-like mesal process, the telopodite medio-laterally has a globular process, the retrorse process of the telopodite features a downwards oriented flat and an antero-mesally oriented, finger-shaped process, the mesal branch of the posterior gonopod is with lateral ridges and a mesal hook and the main branch of the posterior gonopod has an apical fringe and a short, claw-shaped, lateral extension (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA736C4F891FD7DA060" author="Attems, C." box="[501,650,1794,1820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="133 - 323" refId="ref6972" refString="Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11, 133 - 323." type="journal article" year="1936">Attems 1936</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 87a–d). All these features are actually characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73213F890FA6BA060" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1314,1436,1794,1821]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73213F890FAC4A060" box="[1314,1331,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73271F891FA6BA060" box="[1344,1436,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA737FDF8B5FEC8A03C" author="Carl, J." box="[204,319,1830,1856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="377 - 404" refId="ref7445" refString="Carl, J. (1919) Revision de quelques spirobolides du Museum de Geneve. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 27, 377 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 36330" type="journal article" year="1919">Carl 1919</bibRefCitation>
: figs 25, 28–31; Wesener &amp; Enghoff 2009: Fig. 25A–C). The topotype female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA7320AF8B4FF2FA018" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7320AF8B4FABBA03C" box="[1339,1356,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7326AF8B4FF2FA018" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
match exactly in their structural details the female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA734AAF8D8FBE1A018" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[923,1046,1866,1893]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA734AAF8D8FC5BA018" box="[923,940,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA7348BF8D9FBE1A018" box="[954,1046,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD9FFA733BCF8D9FB16A018" box="[1165,1249,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,273,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1423,273,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female. A, C: Vulva, lateral view. B, D: Same, dorsal view. E: Setae on valves, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV = anterior valve, O = operculum, PV = posterior valve. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
with Wesener &amp; Enghoff 2009: fig. 23D and herein
<figureCitation id="13662A06FFD9FFA73513F8FDFD8CA0F4" box="[546,635,1902,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1183,1208]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,273,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[164,1423,273,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenobolus carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (MILLI-ADSH0007) (A–B, E) and Xenobolus acuticonus Attems, 1936 (MILLI-ADSH0011) (C–D), female. A, C: Vulva, lateral view. B, D: Same, dorsal view. E: Setae on valves, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AV = anterior valve, O = operculum, PV = posterior valve. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839667/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). The generic distance analysis revealed that
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73347F8FCFAF8A0F4" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[1142,1295,1903,1929]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73347F8FCFB70A0F4" box="[1142,1159,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA733A7F8FCFAF8A0F4" box="[1174,1295,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA737A6F800FEE3A0D0" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,276,1938,1965]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA737A6F800FF5FA0D0" box="[151,168,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73789F801FEE3A0D0" box="[184,276,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a p-distance of 0.02% or mutations at 16 basepair positions (
<tableCitation id="C6DF0338FFD9FFA734C5F801FBBEA0D0" box="[1012,1097,1938,1964]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1163,1187]" captionText="TABLE 1. Pairwise distances of the CO1 gene of Xenobolus acuticonus and Xenobolus carnifex as calculated by MEGA X." pageId="9" pageNumber="174">Table 1</tableCitation>
). All these indicate, in agreement with
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B72FFD9FFA7363FF825FE31A0AD" author="Hoffman, R. L." box="[270,454,1974,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" pagination="759 - 783" refId="ref8050" refString="Hoffman, R. L. (1962) Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. IV. Systematic and nomenclatorial notes on the family Pachybolidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 69, 759 - 783. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 75592" type="journal article" year="1962">Hoffman (1962)</bibRefCitation>
, that in fact both
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA735B9F824FCF4A0AC" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[648,771,1974,2001]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA735B9F824FD6EA0AC" box="[648,665,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73596F825FCF4A0AC" box="[679,771,1974,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73409F824FC27A0AC" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" box="[824,976,1975,2001]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73409F824FCBEA0AC" box="[824,841,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73466F824FC27A0AC" box="[855,976,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the same taxon. The species
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA732B5F824FEE7A088" authorityName=": Attems" authorityYear="1936" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuticonus">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA732B5F824FA62A0AC" box="[1412,1429,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA737A6F848FEE7A088" box="[151,272,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">acuticonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thus to be regarded as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D00FFD9FFA73427F848FC66A088" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[790,913,2010,2037]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Xenobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="9" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carnifex">
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73427F848FCD0A088" box="[790,807,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B929EA91FFD9FFA73404F849FC66A088" box="[821,913,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="174">carnifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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