treatments-xml/data/03/C3/87/03C387FBFFCC6575FF434641FB77C286.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

170 lines
15 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3494.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="17277230-72bb-4500-8e53-1bd8e3ca6d74" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6380783" ID-ZooBank="E31EF0DC-825E-4D60-8AED-3127019CF8F0" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1629812306121" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Agassiz, David J. L." docDate="2012" docId="03C387FBFFCC6575FF434641FB77C286" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03494p073.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3494" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.2:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Parapoynx affinialis Guenee 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFFAFF83FFC4657CFFD44164FFA7C16A" masterDocTitle="The Acentropinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) of Africa" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1678988247933" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Acentropinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) of Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Agassiz, David J. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, London SW 7 5 BD</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">D.Agassiz@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-09-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3494</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>73</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3494.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">17277230-72bb-4500-8e53-1bd8e3ca6d74</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6380783</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E31EF0DC-825E-4D60-8AED-3127019CF8F0</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6384603" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194848141" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6384603" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387FBFFCC6575FF434641FB77C286" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387FBFFCC6575FF434641FB77C286" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection box="[151,568,1829,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,568,1829,1855]" box="[151,568,1829,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="946K3" ID-ENA="1375901" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,568,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Parapoynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinialis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,398,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parapoynx affinialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee, A." box="[406,568,1829,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref42429" refString="Guenee, A. (1854) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres. 8 (Deltoides et Pyralites): 448 + vi pp." type="book" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,687,1899,2014]" box="[151,615,1899,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,615,1899,1922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation author="Guenée" box="[151,615,1899,1922]" page="270" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1854">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="97VRX" authority="Guenee, 1854: 270" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,611,1899,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Paraponyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinialis">
<emphasis box="[151,262,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paraponyx</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis box="[319,409,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">affinialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee, A." box="[416,611,1899,1921]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref42429" refString="Guenee, A. (1854) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres. 8 (Deltoides et Pyralites): 448 + vi pp." type="book" year="1854">Guenée, 1854: 270</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,687,1899,2014]" box="[151,591,1930,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,591,1930,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation author="Butler" box="[151,591,1930,1952]" page="180" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1881">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="97R44" authority="Butler, 1881: 180" authorityName="Butler" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,587,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Oligostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incommoda">
<emphasis box="[151,400,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Oligostigma incommoda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Butler, A. G." box="[407,587,1930,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="579 - 600" refId="ref42023" refString="Butler, A. G. (1881) Descriptions of new genera and species of heterocerous Lepidoptera from Japan. Pyrales and Micros. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1881, 579 - 600." type="journal article" year="1881">Butler, 1881: 180</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,687,1899,2014]" box="[151,687,1961,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,687,1961,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation author="Bethune-Baker" box="[151,687,1961,1983]" page="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1894">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="97Q52" authority="Bethune-Baker, 1894: 48" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,682,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Nymphula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscomarginata">
<emphasis box="[151,419,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphula fuscomarginata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Bethune-Baker, G. T." box="[426,682,1961,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="33 - 51" refId="ref41956" refString="Bethune-Baker, G. T. (1894) Notes of some Lepidoptera received from the neighbourhood of Alexandria. Transactions of the Entomological Society, 1894, 33 - 51." type="journal article" year="1894">Bethune-Baker, 1894: 48</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,687,1899,2014]" box="[151,638,1992,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,638,1992,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation author="Caradja" box="[151,638,1992,2014]" page="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1917">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="97Q4S" authority="Caradja, 1917: 21" authorityName="Caradja" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,634,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Nymphula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinialis" subSpecies="alaicalis">
<emphasis box="[151,444,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nymphula affinialis alaicalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Caradja, A." box="[451,634,1992,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref42101" refString="Caradja, A. (1917) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der geographischen Verbreitung der Pyraliden und Tortriciden des europaischen Faunengebietes, nebst Beschreibung neuer Formen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung Iris, 30, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1917">Caradja, 1917: 21</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,396,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" box="[151,396,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<typeStatus box="[151,207,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingRegion box="[312,392,151,175]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Assam</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation author="Speidel, W." box="[527,696,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 157" refId="ref43642" refString="Speidel, W. (1984) Revision der Acentropinae des palaearktischen Faunengebietes (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Neue entomolgische Nachrichten, 1 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1984">Speidel (1984)</bibRefCitation>
. Imago (Fig. 1): Wingspan
<quantity box="[1011,1125,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="12.0">1222mm</quantity>
, females larger than males. Head and appendages fuscous, labial palpus upturned. Thorax fuscous. Forewing chiefly pale fuscous; a broad darker fuscous median fascia, whitish on inner and outer edges; a paler discal spot, darker ringed; a fine black subterminal line preceded by a whitish band; termen orange-fuscous; a broken terminal line; cilia fuscous. Hindwing whitish with a broad wavy dark fuscous submarginal line preceded by a narrower parallel line; termen orange-fuscous. Abdomen fuscous, a whitish edge to each segment, segment 3 darker making a dark line continuous with hindwing markings when moth is at rest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" box="[199,1252,439,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">There is considerable variation, especially in the amount of fuscous suffusion of the forewing.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male genitalia (Fig. 82): Uncus digitate, strong, evenly curved towards venter, setae only on basal arms; gnathos ¾ length of uncus, evenly tapered to a point and slightly curved towards uncus; valva with costa concave in centre; dorsum more or less parallel with costa, a single digitate process near base; aedeagus bent, a little weak sclerotisation near apex and one small weak cornutus in vesica.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female genitalia (Fig. 132): Ostium moderate, antrum gently tapered to colliculum, weakly scobinate; ductus long, gradually widening into corpus bursae; signa comprising two parallel longitudinal ridges in middle of corpus bursae and one fifth of its length.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tympanal organs: Venulae almost parallel, very slightly divergent anteriorly, tympani kite-shaped with rounded apices.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Diagnosis: Similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Snellen" authorityYear="1880" box="[468,629,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Parapoynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutalis">
<emphasis box="[468,629,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. diminutalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but distinguished by the darker, heavier markings, especially the postmedian band of the hindwing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1114,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" box="[199,1114,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Biology: The larva is recorded from
<emphasis box="[609,895,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName box="[609,891,872,896]" class="Liliopsida" family="Potamogetonaceae" genus="Potamogeton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatus">Potamogeton perfoliatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Adult recorded iii.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Distribution:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[351,481,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Nymphula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinialis">
<emphasis box="[351,481,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. affinialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded in
<collectingCountry box="[737,807,908,932]" name="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, between
<collectingRegion box="[923,985,908,932]" country="Egypt" name="Al Qahirah" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cairo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion box="[1044,1172,908,932]" country="Egypt" name="Al Iskandariyah" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Alexandria</collectingRegion>
. An Asian species, its range extends from the Middle East to
<collectingCountry box="[587,647,943,967]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">India</collectingCountry>
, and it has also been recorded from
<collectingCountry box="[1051,1158,943,967]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1232,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1004]" box="[199,1232,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Material examined: The Bethune-Baker
<typeStatus box="[658,706,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
appears to be lost.
<collectingCountry box="[930,1023,980,1004]" name="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">EGYPT</collectingCountry>
: Matai
<specimenCount box="[1105,1141,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[1149,1221,980,1004]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g6yf-wft0" name="Oxford University Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">OUM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>