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<mods:title id="8BD3D9407F36E82F52486B553CC34449">Haplomunnidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) reviewed, with a description of an intact specimen of Thylakogaster Wilson &amp; Hessler, 1974</mods:title>
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Family 
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Haplomunnidae 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE80440FDD0FD7AFD75" author="Wilson, G." box="[568,728,633,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref7868" refString="Wilson, G. (1976) The systematics and evolution of Haplomunna and its relatives (Isopoda, Haplomunnidae, new family). Journal of Natural History, 10, 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1976">Wilson, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310820463FFE80770FD15FD23FD35" author="Wilson, G." box="[264,641,700,723]" page="572" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1976">
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Haplomunnidae 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE807C1FD15FD23FD35" author="Wilson, G." box="[441,641,700,723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref7868" refString="Wilson, G. (1976) The systematics and evolution of Haplomunna and its relatives (Isopoda, Haplomunnidae, new family). Journal of Natural History, 10, 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1976">Wilson, 1976: 572</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310820463FFE804F4FD15FCC8FD35" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[652,874,700,723]" page="355" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE804F4FD15FCC8FD35" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[652,874,700,723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref7062" refString="Kussakin, O. G. (1988) Marine and brackishwater likefooted Crustacea (Isopoda) from the Cold and Temperate Waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Suborder Asellota. Part 1. Families Janiridae, Santidae, Dendrotionidae, Munnidae, Paramunnidae, Haplomunnidae, Mesosignidae, Haploniscidae, Mictosomatidae, Ischnomesidae. Vol. 3. In Series`Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Academii Nauk SSSR', 152,. Izdatel'stvo Nauka: Leningrad, 500 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1988">Kussakin, 1988: 355</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310820463FFE8050EFD15FB09FD35" author="Roman, M. - L. &amp; Dalens, H." box="[886,1195,700,723]" page="250" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE8050EFD15FB09FD35" author="Roman, M. - L. &amp; Dalens, H." box="[886,1195,700,723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="177 - 278" refId="ref7490" refString="Roman, M. - L. &amp; Dalens, H. (1999) Ordre des isopodes (Epicarides exclus) (Isopoda Latreille, 1817). In: Forest J. (Ed.) Crustaces Peracarides [Grasse P. - P. (Series Ed), Traite de Zoologie, Tome VII. Fascicule IIIA, Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 19], Chapt. 7, pp. 177 - 278." type="journal article" year="1999">Roman &amp; Dalens, 1999: 250</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA310820463FFE80770FD75FDFFFD15" author="Wolff, T." box="[264,605,732,755]" page="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1962">
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100463FFE80770FD75FDFFFD15" ID-CoL="7NH5T" authority="Wolff, 1962: 64" authorityName="Wolff" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1962" box="[264,605,732,755]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dendrotionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Dendrotionidae 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE807CDFD75FDFFFD15" author="Wolff, T." box="[437,605,732,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 320" refId="ref8191" refString="Wolff, T. (1962) The systematics and biology of bathyal and abyssal Isopoda Asellota. Galathea Report (Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950 - 52), 6, 1 - 320." type="journal article" year="1962">Wolff, 1962: 64</bibRefCitation>
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(part).
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA310820463FFE80770FD55FD82FCF5" author="Gamo, S." box="[264,544,764,787]" page="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1983">
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Munnidae 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE80703FD55FD82FCF5" author="Gamo, S." box="[379,544,764,787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref6958" refString="Gamo, S. (1983) Some species of abyssal asellote isopods (Crustacea) from east of the Japan Trench, with the descriptions of Janirella (Janirella) aculeata sp. nov., J. (Parajanirella) sedecimtuberculata sp. nov., and Aryballurops japonica gen. et sp. nov. Science Reports of the Yokohama National University II, 30, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1983">Gamô 1983: 11</bibRefCitation>
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(part).
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<typeStatus id="54B988310463FFE80770FCEDFEE0FCB8" box="[264,322,836,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
genus. 
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<emphasis id="B976EA810463FFE807E5FCEDFD94FCBB" box="[413,566,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haplomunna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE80445FCEDFCADFCB8" author="Richardson, H." box="[573,783,836,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="71 - 86" refId="ref7454" refString="Richardson, H. (1908) Some new Isopoda of the superfamily Aselloidea from the Atlantic Coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 71 - 86." type="journal article" year="1908">Richardson, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B976EA810463FFE80770FC3DFEDDFC4B" box="[264,383,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE80434FC3DFD4BFC48" author="Wilson, G." box="[588,745,916,942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref7868" refString="Wilson, G. (1976) The systematics and evolution of Haplomunna and its relatives (Isopoda, Haplomunnidae, new family). Journal of Natural History, 10, 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1976">Wilson 1976</bibRefCitation>
): Head without eyes, anteriorly rounded, dorsal surface sloping anteriorly, lacking anterior margin. Body with spines, dorsally vaulted, posterior pereonites axially compressed and reduced. Female spermathecal duct emerging anterodorsally near margin of pereonite 5. Anus covered by opercular pleopods. Antennula inserting dorsally on head, sexually dimorphic, with many flagellar articles and aesthetascs in male, and fewer and thinner articles in female. Antenna inserting anterodorsally, basal articles robust, article 3 without scale. Mandible palp (when present) elongate, longer than body of mandible, article 3 elongate with elongate setae only on distal tip. Pereopod I with major subchelate hinge between carpus and propodus; carpus palm (ventral margin) robust, with elongate robust setae. Pereopods II– 
<collectionCode id="ED13AE560463FFE805ADFB55FC56FAF0" box="[981,1012,1276,1302]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">VI</collectionCode>
and 
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, if present, longer than body. Male pleopod II protopod strongly tapering and narrow distally; exopod lacking setose posterior projection. Pleopod III exopod biarticulate, narrower and longer than endopod, without plumose setae. Uropods emerging at pleotelson ventral margin; uniramous; tiny, not extending beyond terminal margin of pleotelson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36930463FFE90740FA6DFC67FE30" blockId="4.[264,1323,916,1902]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B976EA810463FFE80740FA6DFE75FA3B" box="[312,471,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Relationships</emphasis>
: The family 
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was argued by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620463FFE8059CFA6DFB2FFA38" author="Wilson, G." box="[996,1165,1476,1502]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref7868" refString="Wilson, G. (1976) The systematics and evolution of Haplomunna and its relatives (Isopoda, Haplomunnidae, new family). Journal of Natural History, 10, 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1976">Wilson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
to be the sister group of the 
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, and not closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100463FFE805E6FA45FBBAF9E0" authorityName="Gamo" authorityYear="1983" box="[926,1048,1516,1542]" class="Malacostraca" family="Munnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Munnidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100463FFE8025BFA45FB32F9E0" box="[1059,1168,1516,1542]" class="Malacostraca" family="Santiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Santiidae</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100463FFE802C0FA45FEE9F9C8" authorityName="Vanhoeffen" authorityYear="1914" class="Malacostraca" family="Paramunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Paramunnidae</taxonomicName>
. The primary similarities between the former two families include general body spinosity, vaulted thoracic region, compact anteriorly­sloping emarginate head capsule with antennae and antennulae placed on anterodorsal surface, and elongate pereopods II– 
<collectionCode id="ED13AE560463FFE80770F925FE93F940" box="[264,305,1676,1702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">VII</collectionCode>
that exceed the body length. While not fully consistent among species in both families, the ischium and merus of the walking legs are often subequal and shorter than the basis. Notably, the opposite situation occurs among the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100463FFE8050CF975FC4CF910" authorityName="Gamo" authorityYear="1983" box="[884,1006,1756,1782]" class="Malacostraca" family="Munnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Munnidae</taxonomicName>
, where the basis is often shorter than the ischium. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100463FFE804D6F8ADFBB7F8F8" authority="Beddard, 1884" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1884" box="[686,1045,1796,1822]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dendrotionidae" genus="Acanthomunna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810463FFE804D6F8ADFCFDF8FB" box="[686,863,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acanthomunna</emphasis>
Beddard, 1884
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat similar in body form to 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100463FFE807D1F885FDE0F8A3" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1908" box="[425,578,1836,1861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Haplomunna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810463FFE807D1F885FDE0F8A3" box="[425,578,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haplomunna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male dendrotiids have a setose posteriorly­directed appendage on exopod of pleopod II, an apomorphy of the family. Tiny marginal uropods are an apomorphy of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE907C7FEB5FDDFFED0" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[447,637,284,310]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
, although reductions of the uropods are common among other deep­sea isopod taxa. Some, but not all, members of both families share the heterochronic non­expression of the last pereonite. This oddity also occurs among other deep­sea families (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE907C9FE3DFDF6FE48" box="[433,596,404,430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Munnopsidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Munnopsidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90427FE3DFCB0FE48" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1916" box="[607,786,404,430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ischnomesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ischnomesidae</taxonomicName>
), so its phylogenetic significance is limited to those clades that reach adulthood without the last pereonite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36930462FFE90740FE4DFE9AF960" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Regarding higher­level relationships, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620462FFE9056FFE4DFC77FE18" author="Wagele, J. - W." box="[791,981,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref7836" refString="Wagele, J. - W. (1989) Evolution und phylogenetisches System der Isopoda. Stand der Forschung und neue Erkenntnisse. Zoologica, 140, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1989">Wägele (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, partially following 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620462FFE9029FFE4DFEFBFDC0" author="Wolff, T." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 320" refId="ref8191" refString="Wolff, T. (1962) The systematics and biology of bathyal and abyssal Isopoda Asellota. Galathea Report (Scientific Results of The Danish Deep-Sea Expedition Round the World 1950 - 52), 6, 1 - 320." type="journal article" year="1962">Wolff (1962)</bibRefCitation>
, suggested that the asellotan families 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90577FDA5FC2BFDC0" authorityName="Gamo" authorityYear="1983" box="[783,905,524,550]" class="Malacostraca" family="Munnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Munnidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE905ECFDA5FBA3FDC0" box="[916,1025,524,550]" class="Malacostraca" family="Santiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Santiidae</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90249FDA5FB7FFDC0" authorityName="Fresi &amp; Schiecke" authorityYear="1972" box="[1073,1245,524,550]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pleurocopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pleurocopidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90288FDA5FED2FDA8" authorityName="Vanhoeffen" authorityYear="1914" class="Malacostraca" family="Dendrotiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dendrotiidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE907D7FD9DFDC8FDA8" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[431,618,564,590]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
were related in a group referred to as ‘munnoiden’, or as having a ‘munnoid habitus’. The sister group relationship between the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90225FDF5FB54FD90" authorityName="Vanhoeffen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1117,1270,604,630]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dendrotiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dendrotiidae</taxonomicName>
and the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE9074EFD2DFE56FD78" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[310,500,644,670]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
, as discussed above, was not in dispute, but the principal difficulty with 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620462FFE9073EFD05FDA8FD20" author="Wagele, J. - W." box="[326,522,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref7836" refString="Wagele, J. - W. (1989) Evolution und phylogenetisches System der Isopoda. Stand der Forschung und neue Erkenntnisse. Zoologica, 140, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1989">Wägele’s (1989)</bibRefCitation>
hypothesis lies in the underlying assumption of similarity of body form (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620462FFE9072BFD7DFE50FD08" author="Wilson, G. D. F." box="[339,498,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="139 - 153" refId="ref8009" refString="Wilson, G. D. F. (1996) Of uropods and isopod crustacean trees: a comparison of ' groundpattern' and cladistic methods. Vie et Milieu, 46 (2), 139 - 153." type="journal article" year="1996">Wilson 1996</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620462FFE90455FD7DFC80FD08" author="Wagele, J. - W." box="[557,802,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref7836" refString="Wagele, J. - W. (1989) Evolution und phylogenetisches System der Isopoda. Stand der Forschung und neue Erkenntnisse. Zoologica, 140, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1989">Wägele’s (1989: 67)</bibRefCitation>
concept, the munnoid habitus includes the following features: an approximately oval body outline, in which the middle pereonites are somewhat broader than the anterior or posterior segments, head broader than long, eyes laterally projecting and often clearly stalked, pereonites 5 to 7 not only narrower but also shorter than the anterior pereonites, pleotelson dorsally convex, and at its origin somewhat narrower, distally rounded and often spindle­like. Other than the stalked eyes, most of these features are seen throughout the Janiroidea, especially among the deep­sea families. 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90770FC45FE1BFBE3" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1884" box="[264,441,1004,1029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dendrotionidae" genus="Acanthomunna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810462FFE90770FC45FE1BFBE3" box="[264,441,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Acanthomunna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only genus with eyes among the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE905D5FC45FBE4FBE0" authorityName="Vanhoeffen" authorityYear="1914" box="[941,1094,1004,1030]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dendrotiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dendrotiidae</taxonomicName>
or the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE902DDFC45FEE8FBC8" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
, but only has rounded lateral projections, somewhat similar to those seen among some 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90736FB95FE15FBB0" box="[334,439,1084,1110]" class="Malacostraca" family="Janiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Janiridae</taxonomicName>
and clearly unlike the stalked eyes of the presumptive ‘munnoiden’ clade. Although not fully relevant here, the form of the stalked eyes (where present) varies consistently between the eyed families: short, thick and generally with many ocelli among the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90770FB1DFEDDFB28" authorityName="Gamo" authorityYear="1983" box="[264,383,1204,1230]" class="Malacostraca" family="Munnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Munnidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE907C1FB1DFD8BFB28" box="[441,553,1204,1230]" class="Malacostraca" family="Santiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Santiidae</taxonomicName>
, elongate and often with few ocelli among the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90229FB1DFB5BFB28" authorityName="Vanhoeffen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1105,1273,1204,1230]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paramunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Paramunnidae</taxonomicName>
and extremely elongate and thin, with few ocelli in 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE9054EFB75FC1EFB13" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1901" box="[822,956,1244,1269]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pleurocopidae" genus="Pleurocope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810462FFE9054EFB75FC1EFB13" box="[822,956,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pleurocope</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which belongs to its own separate family, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE907DDFAADFDF3FAF8" authorityName="Fresi &amp; Schiecke" authorityYear="1972" box="[421,593,1284,1310]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pleurocopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pleurocopidae</taxonomicName>
. The ‘munnoiden’ are unlikely to be a cohesive phylogenetic group because different taxa have different positions for the spermathecal duct and configurations of pereopod I (Wilson 1987; personal observation). Additionally, antennae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90770FAD5FE11FA70" authorityName="Vanhoeffen" authorityYear="1914" box="[264,435,1404,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paramunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Paramunnidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE907B8FAD5FD95FA70" authorityName="Gamo" authorityYear="1983" box="[448,567,1404,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Munnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Munnidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE9040BFAD5FD41FA70" box="[627,739,1404,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Santiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Santiidae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE9055CFAD5FC6EFA70" authorityName="Fresi &amp; Schiecke" authorityYear="1972" box="[804,972,1404,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pleurocopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pleurocopidae</taxonomicName>
all insert anteroventrally, but with differing positions among the three groups; 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90520FA0DFBB6FA58" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[856,1044,1444,1470]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90229FA0DFB48FA58" authorityName="Vanhoeffen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1105,1258,1444,1470]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dendrotiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dendrotiidae</taxonomicName>
have antennae inserting anterodorsally, often on projections of varying sizes. Other features, such as the above­mentioned comparative lengths of the pereopodal podomeres, also differ considerably among these families. Clarification of the haplomunnid classification will require detailed morphological study and phylogenetic analysis of all families of Janiroidea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36930462FFEA0740F93DFC08FBE0" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1324,284,1830]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B976EA810462FFE90740F93DFE65F94B" box="[312,455,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution</emphasis>
: Although 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620462FFE90437F93DFCB4F948" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[591,790,1684,1710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref7062" refString="Kussakin, O. G. (1988) Marine and brackishwater likefooted Crustacea (Isopoda) from the Cold and Temperate Waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Suborder Asellota. Part 1. Families Janiridae, Santidae, Dendrotionidae, Munnidae, Paramunnidae, Haplomunnidae, Mesosignidae, Haploniscidae, Mictosomatidae, Ischnomesidae. Vol. 3. In Series`Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Academii Nauk SSSR', 152,. Izdatel'stvo Nauka: Leningrad, 500 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1988">Kussakin (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, in his useful compendium of the isopods of the Northern Hemisphere, characterised the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE90575F915FC6AF930" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[781,968,1724,1750]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
as an equatorial and Southern Hemisphere group and only listed the equatorial Atlantic species 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100462FFE9027BF94DFD99F8C0" authority="Wilson &amp; Hessler (1974)" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Hessler" authorityYear="1974" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Thylakogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterpauli">
<emphasis id="B976EA810462FFE9027BF94DFA88F91B" box="[1027,1322,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thylakogaster peterpauli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620462FFE90770F8A5FD99F8C0" author="Wilson, G. &amp; Hessler, R." box="[264,571,1804,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="47 - 67" refId="ref8049" refString="Wilson, G. &amp; Hessler, R. (1974) Some unusual Paraselloidea (Isopoda, Asellota) from the deep benthos of the Atlantic. Crustaceana, 27 (1), 47 - 67." type="journal article" year="1974">Wilson &amp; Hessler (1974)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, recent records (
<tableCitation id="C68003280462FFE9057DF8A5FCC3F8C0" box="[773,865,1804,1830]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,352,284,308]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,449,1809]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Localities of Haplomunnidae. Many samples are too poor a state for description, or have too few individuals, so are indicated by species undefined (sp.) or by a species number. Positions of samples with different beginning and ending latitudes or longitudes are given as midpoint positions. An asterisk (*) indicates the type locality for each species. W&amp;H74 = Wilson &amp; Hessler 1974" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7D661B0465FFEE0770FEB5FB4CFE7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF7D661B0465FFEE0770FEB5FB4CFE7D">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13392A160462FFE9050BF8A5FC75F8C0" box="[883,983,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1100,1124]" captionTargetBox="[276,1313,323,1080]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[276,1313,323,1080]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of known Haplomunnidae species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5102794/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) indicate that this family is much more widespread than previously suspected, and clearly not limited to equatorial regions. Species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA078DFEB5FD2CFED3" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1908" box="[501,654,284,309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Haplomunna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA078DFEB5FD2CFED3" box="[501,654,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Haplomunna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from abyssal and hadal waters of the North Pacific, off southern and Baja California (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0578FEEDFC3FFEB8" author="Wilson, G." box="[768,925,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="569 - 580" refId="ref7868" refString="Wilson, G. (1976) The systematics and evolution of Haplomunna and its relatives (Isopoda, Haplomunnidae, new family). Journal of Natural History, 10, 569 - 580." type="journal article" year="1976">Wilson 1976</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA05D3FEEDFBC5FEB8" author="Beaulieu, S. E." box="[939,1127,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="803 - 817" refId="ref6236" refString="Beaulieu, S. E. (2001 a) Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities in the deep sea. Marine Biology, 138, 803 - 817." type="journal article" year="2001">Beaulieu 2001a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA020EFEEDFB63FEB8" author="Beaulieu, S. E." box="[1142,1217,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1121 - 1137" refId="ref6268" refString="Beaulieu, S. E. (2001 b) Colonization of habitat islands in the deep sea: recruitment to glass sponge stalks. Deep - Sea Research I, 48, 1121 - 1137." type="journal article" year="2001">2001b</bibRefCitation>
) and the 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA0770FEC5FEE9FE60" box="[264,331,364,390]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
Trench (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA07CDFEC5FDE1FE60" author="Gamo, S." box="[437,579,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref6958" refString="Gamo, S. (1983) Some species of abyssal asellote isopods (Crustacea) from east of the Japan Trench, with the descriptions of Janirella (Janirella) aculeata sp. nov., J. (Parajanirella) sedecimtuberculata sp. nov., and Aryballurops japonica gen. et sp. nov. Science Reports of the Yokohama National University II, 30, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1983">Gamô 1983</bibRefCitation>
) from depths of 
<quantity id="4CFA9B760461FFEA0572FEC5FC6AFE60" box="[778,968,364,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.165" metricValueMax="6.45" metricValueMin="3.88" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="5165.0" valueMax="6450.0" valueMin="3880.0">3880 to 6450 m</quantity>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA05ABFEC5FBD9FE63" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Hessler" authorityYear="1974" box="[979,1147,364,389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Thylakogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA05ABFEC5FBD9FE63" box="[979,1147,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thylakogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the broadest distribution from depths of 
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to 
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, including the equatorial Atlantic, 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA02A0FE3DFE96FE30" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Argentine</collectingCountry>
Basin, north of 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA078BFE15FDFBFE30" box="[499,601,444,470]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Surinam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA041DFE15FD72FE30" box="[613,720,444,470]" name="Bermuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
slope, off 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA0536FE15FC06FE30" box="[846,932,444,470]" name="Ireland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, in the Rockall Trough (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA02BAFE15FEE6FE18" author="Harrison, K." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="169 - 182" refId="ref7031" refString="Harrison, K. (1988) Deep-sea Asellota (Crustacea: Isopoda) of the Rockall Trough: preliminary faunal analysis. Ophelia, 28, 169 - 182." type="journal article" year="1988">Harrison 1988</bibRefCitation>
) and in the east Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0401FE4DFC37FE18" author="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F." box="[633,917,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref7702" refString="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F. (1987) A hydrodynamically modified, abyssal isopod fauna. Deep-Sea Research, 34, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1987">Thistle &amp; Wilson 1987</bibRefCitation>
). New records include the Lucky Strike vent field on the Mid­Atlantic Ridge, and the east Pacific Ocean. 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA021CFDA5FB59FDC3" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Hessler" authorityYear="1974" box="[1124,1275,524,549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Abyssaranea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA021CFDA5FB59FDC3" box="[1124,1275,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Abyssaranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found at depths from 
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in the equatorial Atlantic and East Pacific, as well as a new record from a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution deep­benthic station in the northwestern Atlantic. This latter record is the first non­equatorial record for this genus. 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA0724FD05FE1FFD23" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1896" box="[348,445,684,709]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Munella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA0724FD05FE1FFD23" box="[348,445,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Munella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has most records in the bathyal deep sea (
<quantity id="4CFA9B760461FFEA05C8FD05FBE5FD20" box="[944,1095,684,710]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.513" metricValueMax="2.0759999999999996" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1513.0" valueMax="2076.0" valueMin="950.0">950–2076 m</quantity>
) including the Bay of Biscay, the 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA07CAFD7DFDBFFD08" box="[434,541,724,750]" name="Bermuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
Slope and north of 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA0572FD7DFCCFFD08" box="[778,877,724,750]" name="Suriname" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Surinam</collectingCountry>
in the Atlantic. Unconfirmed records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA0750FD55FE28FCF3" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1896" box="[296,394,764,789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Munella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA0750FD55FE28FCF3" box="[296,394,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Munella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the central Mediterranean are from depths of 
<quantity id="4CFA9B760461FFEA05B8FD55FBE7FCF0" box="[960,1093,764,790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 m</quantity>
(Bay of Napoli; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0372FD55FE03FCD8" author="Lo Bianco, S." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="109 - 279" refId="ref7260" refString="Lo Bianco, S. (1903) Le pesche abissali eseguite da F. A. Krupp col Yatch Puritan nelle adiacenze di Capri ed in altre localita del Mediterraneo. Mettheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapal zugleich ein Repertorium fur Mittelmeerkunde, 16, 109 - 279." type="journal article" year="1903">Lo Bianco 1903</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA07CDFC8DFDB4FCDB" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1896" box="[437,534,804,829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Munella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA07CDFC8DFDB4FCDB" box="[437,534,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Munella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also occurs at abyssal depths in the east Pacific (
<quantity id="4CFA9B760461FFEA0229FC8DFB0CFCD8" box="[1105,1198,804,830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.797" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="4797.0">4797 m</quantity>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA02C2FC8DFE00FC80" author="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="545 - 554" refId="ref7735" refString="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F. (1996) Is the HEBBLE isopod fauna hydrodynamically modified? A second test. Deep-Sea Research I, 43 (4), 545 - 554." type="journal article" year="1996">Thistle &amp; Wilson 1996</bibRefCitation>
). New records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA040DFCE5FD75FC83" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1896" box="[629,727,844,869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Munella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA040DFCE5FD75FC83" box="[629,727,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Munella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include Lucky Strike vent field on the Mid­Atlantic Ridge (
<quantity id="4CFA9B760461FFEA07F1FCDDFE7DFC68" box="[393,479,884,910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.685" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1685.0">1685m</quantity>
, TTR­10), the eastern Atlantic near the African coast (
<quantity id="4CFA9B760461FFEA0205FCDDFA84FC68" box="[1149,1318,884,910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.229" metricValueMax="1.283" metricValueMin="1.175" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1229.0" valueMax="1283.0" valueMin="1175.0">1175–1283 m</quantity>
, BALGIM stations), and the Gulf of Mexico (
<quantity id="4CFA9B760461FFEA0554FC35FC2DFC50" box="[812,911,924,950]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.732" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="3732.0">3732 m</quantity>
., 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA05DBFC35FB93FC50" author="Rowe, G. T." box="[931,1073,924,950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref7572" refString="Rowe, G. T. (2003) Deepwater Program: Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope habitats and benthic ecology (DGoMB), U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service Contract No. 1435 - 01 - 99 - CT- 30991. Texas A &amp; M University, Galveston, Texas. Available from http: // www. gerg. tamu. edu / menu _ fieldProgram / DGoMB / dgomb. htm (accessed 26 September 2003)." type="url" year="2003">Rowe 2003</bibRefCitation>
). A new species and new genus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA07D3FC6DFDC4FC38" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[427,614,964,990]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
collected by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA057BFC6DFC7CFC38" author="Poore, G. C. B. &amp; Just, J. &amp; Cohen, B. F." box="[771,990,964,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="677 - 693" refId="ref7376" refString="Poore, G. C. B., Just, J. &amp; Cohen, B. F. (1994) Composition and diversity of Crustacea Isopoda of the southeastern Australian continental slope. Deep-Sea Research, 41 (4), 677 - 693." type="journal article" year="1994">
Poore 
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA0537FC6DFC21FC3B" box="[847,899,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
occurs in southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA0289FC6DFEE6FBE0" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry>
at bathyal depths (J. Just, personal communication).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD36930461FFEA0740FBBDFBB3F8C0" blockId="6.[264,1324,284,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA0740FBBDFD97FBCB" box="[312,565,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat and Ecology</emphasis>
: All 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA0403FBBDFC94FBC8" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[635,822,1044,1070]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
have long­legged ambulatory morphologies, and are unlikely to be burrowers. Because they are primarily epibenthic and exposed to erosion, they are not likely to be found at high energy sites. This family has not been recorded from the HEBBLE (high energy benthic boundary layer experiment) sites (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0291FB25FE42FB28" author="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref7702" refString="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F. (1987) A hydrodynamically modified, abyssal isopod fauna. Deep-Sea Research, 34, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1987">Thistle &amp; Wilson 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0794FB1DFD88FB28" author="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F." box="[492,554,1204,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="545 - 554" refId="ref7735" refString="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F. (1996) Is the HEBBLE isopod fauna hydrodynamically modified? A second test. Deep-Sea Research I, 43 (4), 545 - 554." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
), and haplomunnid species are a reasonably consistent member of benthic assemblages at quiescent sites. In the Clipperton­Clarion Fracture Zone region of the East Pacific, a region characterised by low abyssal hills, pelagic clay and manganese nodules, 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA070CFA85FDBEFAA3" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Hessler" authorityYear="1974" box="[372,540,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Thylakogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA070CFA85FDBEFAA3" box="[372,540,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thylakogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found at the 
<collectionCode id="ED13AE560461FFEA0557FA85FCDDFAA0" box="[815,895,1324,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ECHO</collectionCode>
1 site (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA05A2FA85FB52FAA0" author="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F." box="[986,1264,1324,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref7702" refString="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F. (1987) A hydrodynamically modified, abyssal isopod fauna. Deep-Sea Research, 34, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1987">Thistle &amp; Wilson 1987</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA0770FAFDFECBFA8B" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1896" box="[264,361,1364,1389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Munella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA0770FAFDFECBFA8B" box="[264,361,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Munella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the PRA site (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0442FAFDFD75FA88" author="Wilson, G." box="[570,727,1364,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref7943" refString="Wilson, G. (1990) Biological evaluation of a preservational reserve area (&quot; BEPRA I &quot;): Cruise report and interim report on laboratory analysis. Cruise Report prepared under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration contract number 50 - DSNC- 9 - 00108. La Jolla, California. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Reference 90 - 37, 34 pp." type="book" year="1990">Wilson 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA049CFAFDFC59FA88" author="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F." box="[740,1019,1364,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="545 - 554" refId="ref7735" refString="Thistle, D. &amp; Wilson, G. D. F. (1996) Is the HEBBLE isopod fauna hydrodynamically modified? A second test. Deep-Sea Research I, 43 (4), 545 - 554." type="journal article" year="1996">Thistle &amp; Wilson 1996</bibRefCitation>
). The recorded substrates for haplomunnids range from typical deep­sea sediments to rocky outcrops, manganese nodules and carbonate crusts. Several Atlantic records are from continental margins in muddy sediments (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA079CFA65FD2BFA00" author="Bonnier, J." box="[484,649,1484,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="527 - 689" refId="ref6305" refString="Bonnier, J. (1896) Resultats scientifiques de la Campagne du Caudan dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Edriophthalmes. Annales de l'Universite de Lyon, 1895, 527 - 689." type="journal article" year="1896">Bonnier 1896</bibRefCitation>
), sand and volcanic gravel (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA05B7FA65FB32FA00" author="Lo Bianco, S." box="[975,1168,1484,1510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="109 - 279" refId="ref7260" refString="Lo Bianco, S. (1903) Le pesche abissali eseguite da F. A. Krupp col Yatch Puritan nelle adiacenze di Capri ed in altre localita del Mediterraneo. Mettheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapal zugleich ein Repertorium fur Mittelmeerkunde, 16, 109 - 279." type="journal article" year="1903">Lo Bianco 1903</bibRefCitation>
), mixed 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA028DFA65FEC9F9EB" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA028DFA65FEC9F9EB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Globigerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and pteropod oozes (
<collectingCountry id="F31576030461FFEA040CFA5DFD43F9E8" box="[628,737,1524,1550]" name="Bermuda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
slope; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0545FA5DFBFDF9E8" author="Wilson, G. &amp; Hessler, R." box="[829,1119,1524,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 67" refId="ref8049" refString="Wilson, G. &amp; Hessler, R. (1974) Some unusual Paraselloidea (Isopoda, Asellota) from the deep benthos of the Atlantic. Crustaceana, 27 (1), 47 - 67." type="journal article" year="1974">Wilson &amp; Hessler 1974</bibRefCitation>
). We now report them from hydrothermal vents (Lucky Strike) including a high temperature, diffuse venting area. In this case, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA042EF9EDFD5CF9BB" authorityName="Wilson &amp; Hessler" authorityYear="1974" box="[598,766,1604,1629]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Thylakogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA042EF9EDFD5CF9BB" box="[598,766,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thylakogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were collected on volcanic rocks (hyaloclastic breccia and pillow lavas) in the vicinity of active venting areas and in colonisation trays deployed near black smokers in the SE part of the field, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA0203F93DFB7FF94B" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1896" box="[1147,1245,1684,1709]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Munella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA0203F93DFB7FF94B" box="[1147,1245,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Munella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were collected on fragments of inactive chimneys in the NW part of the field. Biogenic structures appear to be favoured, because 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA05FCF94DFBE8F918" box="[900,1098,1764,1790]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Haplomunna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA05FCF94DFBBFF91B" box="[900,1053,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Haplomunna</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
was found highly aggregated on 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100461FFEA07CDF8A5FD9EF8C3" box="[437,572,1804,1829]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976EA810461FFEA07CDF8A5FD9EF8C3" box="[437,572,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hyalonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sponge stalks (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA0497F8A5FC08F8C0" author="Beaulieu, S. E." box="[751,938,1804,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="803 - 817" refId="ref6236" refString="Beaulieu, S. E. (2001 a) Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities in the deep sea. Marine Biology, 138, 803 - 817." type="journal article" year="2001">Beaulieu 2001a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620461FFEA05CFF8A5FBA7F8C0" author="Beaulieu, S. E." box="[951,1029,1804,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1121 - 1137" refId="ref6268" refString="Beaulieu, S. E. (2001 b) Colonization of habitat islands in the deep sea: recruitment to glass sponge stalks. Deep - Sea Research I, 48, 1121 - 1137." type="journal article" year="2001">2001b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7D661B0460FFEB0770FBE5FC28FB82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5102794" box="[264,906,1100,1124]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5102794/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[264,368,1100,1124]" targetBox="[276,1313,323,1080]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBD36930460FFEB0770FBE5FC28FB82" blockId="7.[264,906,1100,1124]" box="[264,906,1100,1124]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B976EA810460FFEB0770FBE5FE28FB82" bold="true" box="[264,394,1100,1124]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of known 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100460FFEB04FDFBE4FC8DFB82" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[645,815,1101,1124]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBD36930460FFEB0740FB3EFD1EFA47" blockId="7.[264,1323,1175,1441]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Like most deep­sea isopods, the trophic habit of 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100460FFEB050AFB3EFB8FFB57" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1976" box="[882,1069,1175,1201]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Haplomunnidae</taxonomicName>
species appears to be mostly detritivory. 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100460FFEB0790FB69FD09FB3F" box="[488,683,1215,1241]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Haplomunna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B976EA810460FFEB0790FB69FD23FB3F" box="[488,641,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Haplomunna</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, found on the basal and middle portions of hexactinellid sponge stalks, may be feeding upon particles accumulating in pockets (
<bibRefCitation id="EF934B620460FFEB02C7FB4EFEF7FACF" author="Beaulieu, S. E." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="803 - 817" refId="ref6236" refString="Beaulieu, S. E. (2001 a) Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities in the deep sea. Marine Biology, 138, 803 - 817." type="journal article" year="2001">Beaulieu 2001a</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C024D100460FFEB0710FAB9FDC9FACF" box="[360,619,1295,1321]" class="Malacostraca" family="Haplomunnidae" genus="Thylakogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B976EA810460FFEB0710FAB9FDADFACF" box="[360,527,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thylakogaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have elongate and setose pereopods II–III that may be used to search food in the sediments or catching suspended particles. These legs on preserved specimens are generally held with the carpus and propodus curving under the mouth field and the first pereopods, like a basket.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>