treatments-xml/data/03/A0/A7/03A0A74EFFFCFF8C87B0FB5BFCE6FEC7.xml

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<mods:title id="883AC1B41793BB00C2A2CC3FC15A3D95">Description of the previously unknown morphs of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) (Hemiptera, Aphididae: Chaitophorinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="440B3841914C0C4CFEE3EFCCA4E3F020">Junkiert, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFCFF8A87B0FB5BFD60FB41" blockId="1.[151,685,1195,1255]" box="[151,685,1195,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">
<heading id="D0FEA134FFFCFF8A87B0FB5BFD60FB41" bold="true" box="[151,685,1195,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFCFF8A87B0FB5BFD60FB41" ID-CoL="8PGVX" authority="(Takahashi, 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[151,685,1195,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFCFF8A87B0FB5BFD60FB41" bold="true" box="[151,685,1195,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFCFF8A87B0FB5BFE0AFB42" bold="true" box="[151,455,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Periphyllus koelreuteriae</emphasis>
(Takahashi, 1919)
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<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFCFF8A87B0FB3EFEA1FB60" blockId="1.[151,685,1195,1255]" box="[151,364,1230,1255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">
(
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFCFF8A87B8FB3EFEC9FB60" box="[159,260,1230,1255]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox-0="[223,1324,245,1698]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetBox-2="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1437,195,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2637408/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68B23E3FFFCFF8A8637FB3EFEACFB60" box="[272,353,1230,1255]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,987,1010]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of autumn generations of apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males of Periphyllus koelreuteriae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" tableUuid="DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFCFF8A87B0FAE6FD71FAAB" ID-CoL="8QSPM" authority="Takahashi, 1919 a: 275" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityPageNumber="275" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,700,1302,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chaitophorinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFCFF8A87B0FAE6FE1FFAAB" box="[151,466,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Chaitophorinella koelreuteriae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA83049FFFCFF8A86FFFAE6FD71FAAB" author="Takahashi, R." box="[472,700,1302,1324]" page="275" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFCFF8A86FFFAE6FD40FAAB" author="Takahashi, R." box="[472,653,1302,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" pagination="273 - 278" refId="ref4605" refString="Takahashi, R. (1919 a) Studies on Chaitophorinella I-III. Zoological Magazine, 31 (370, 371 &amp; 372), 245 - 247, 273 - 278 &amp; 323 - 329. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1919">Takahashi, 1919a</bibRefCitation>
: 275
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<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFCFF8A87B0FAA9FA5DF809" blockId="1.[151,1437,1369,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFCFF8A87B0FAA9FD77FAF5" bold="true" box="[151,698,1369,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Re-description of apterous viviparous female</emphasis>
(based on five specimens) (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFCFF8A8325FAA9FB85FAF5" box="[1026,1096,1369,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[223,1324,245,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1437,195,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68B23E3FFFCFF8A837EFAA9FB63FAF5" box="[1113,1198,1369,1394]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,987,1010]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of autumn generations of apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males of Periphyllus koelreuteriae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" tableUuid="DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFCFF8A83EEFAA9FADAFAF6" box="[1225,1303,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Colour</emphasis>
. In life not recorded, but colour of apterae in spring generations reported in the literature as variably pigmented (generally dark or green by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFCFF8A863BFA51FD97FA3D" author="Essig, E. O. &amp; Abernathy, F." box="[284,602,1441,1466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" refId="ref3670" refString="Essig, E. O. &amp; Abernathy, F. (1952) The Aphid Genus Periphyllus. A Systematic, Biological and Ecological Study. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 166 pp." type="book" year="1952">Essig and Abernathy (1952)</bibRefCitation>
; black or yellow by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFCFF8A841AFA51FB42FA3D" author="Blackman, R. L. &amp; Eastop, V. F." box="[829,1167,1441,1466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" refId="ref3568" refString="Blackman, R. L. &amp; Eastop, V. F. (2018) Aphids on the World's Plants: An Identification and Information Guide. Available from: http: // www. aphidsonworldsplants. info / (accessed 20 December 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Blackman and Eastop (2018))</bibRefCitation>
. In mounted specimens: head, legs, sclerites and siphunculi dusky. Antennae dusky, only basal part of ANT III slightly paler. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFCFF8A87B0FA19FE0DF986" box="[151,448,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Morphological characters</emphasis>
. Body oval (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFCFF8A8570FA19FD6FF985" box="[599,674,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[223,1324,245,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1437,195,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Fig 1a</figureCitation>
). Frons flat. Head with 6–7 pairs of fine, pointed setae, which are 
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long. ANT 6-segmented (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFCFF8A857BF9FDFD61F9A1" box="[604,684,1549,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[223,1324,245,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1437,195,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
), long, reaching ABD SEGM III, 0.61–0.64 × BL. ANT IV slightly longer than ANT V; ANT V always shorter than ANT VI; PT 2.72–3.11 × BASE; other antennal ratios: VI:III 0.84–0.93, V:III 0.50–0.51, IV:III 0.52–0.58. ANT I with 6–7 setae, ANT II with 4 setae, ANT III with 16–17 setae, ANT IV with 6–9 setae, ANT V with 2–6 setae, BASE with 2 setae. PT with 2–3 apical setae. ANT setae fine, pointed, up to 
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long. LS ANT III 3.50–4.50 × BD III. Rostrum reaching middle coxae. ARS with 4 accessory setae (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFCFF8A8673F931FE53F95D" box="[340,414,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[223,1324,245,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1437,195,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Fig 1c</figureCitation>
), 0.25–0.29 × ANT III and 0.81–0.86 × HT II. Legs setose, with numerous stout, pointed setae, which are 
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long. Distal part of hind tibiae with few rows of short spinules; empodial setae spatulate; first tarsal chaetotaxy 5:5:5 (
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). Abdominal tergites membranous, with large marginal and spinal sclerites, pleural sclerites very small, irregularly placed. 2–3 pale, pointed setae arising from marginal and spinal abdominal tergites, pleural sclerites with 1 setae each. Abdominal setae 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFCFF8A84F6F8A1FBBBF8EE" box="[977,1142,1873,1898]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.195" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.34 mm</quantity>
long. Siphunculi truncate with 1–3 rows of reticulations and well developed flange (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFCFF8A8403F885FCB9F809" box="[804,884,1909,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[223,1324,245,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1437,195,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
). Cauda broadly rounded, with 8 setae (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFCFF8A8213F885FA4CF809" box="[1332,1409,1909,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[223,1324,245,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1437,195,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637408/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="361">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFFFF8987B0F918FED5F97A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1768,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFFFF898604F918FDE4F979" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[291,553,1768,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFFFF898604F918FDE4F979" box="[291,553,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">Periphyllus koelreuteriae</emphasis>
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—apterous viviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFFFF8987E0F8B9FD81F8E5" bold="true" box="[199,588,1865,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">Description of oviparous female</emphasis>
(based on six specimens) (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFFFF8984ABF8B9FC18F8E5" box="[908,981,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68B23E3FFFFFF8984C3F8B9FBF4F8E5" box="[996,1081,1865,1890]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,987,1010]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of autumn generations of apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males of Periphyllus koelreuteriae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" pageId="2" pageNumber="362" tableUuid="DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFFFF898373F8BAFB6FF8E5" box="[1108,1186,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">Colour</emphasis>
. In life: unknown, in mounted specimens: head, legs, sclerites and siphunculi dusky. Antennae dusky, 2/3 length of ANT III slightly paler. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFFFF8987FAF862FDC3F82D" box="[221,526,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">Morphological characters.</emphasis>
Body oval, segments VII–VIII of abdomen strongly elongated (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFFFF8983D6F861FA8BF82D" box="[1265,1350,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
). Frons flat. Head with 6–7 pairs of fine, pointed setae, which are 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFFFF89840BF846FC1DF849" box="[812,976,1974,1998]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="0.16999999999999998" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.22 mm</quantity>
long. ANT 6-segmented (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFFFF8983DDF845FA83F849" box="[1274,1358,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="362">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
), long, reaching abdominal segment III, 0.44–0.48 × BL. ANT IV slightly longer than ANT V; ANT V always shorter than ANT VI; PT 2.2–2.5 × BASE; other antennal ratios: VI:III 0.73–0.75, V:III 0.42–0.51, IV:III 0.46–0.57. ANT I with 3–4 setae, ANT II with 4 setae, ANT III with 11–16 setae, ANT IV with 5–8 setae, ANT V with 3–5 setae, BASE with 2 setae, PT with 2–3 apical setae. ANT setae fine, pointed, up to 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF8884D5FF10FB9BFF70" box="[1010,1110,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
long. LS ANT III 4.25 × BD III. Rostrum reaching middle coxae. ARS with 4 accessory setae (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8884A2FEF4FC1AFE9B" box="[901,983,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
), 0.28–0.35 × ANT III and 0.86–0.90 × HT II. Legs setose, with numerous stout, pointed setae, which are 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF8884A4FED7FBEAFEB8" box="[899,1063,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.20 mm</quantity>
long. Hind tibiae with numerous (79–85) rounded pseudosensoria, distributed on the whole length of tibiae. Distal part of hind tibiae with few rows of short spinules; empodial setae spatulate; first tarsal chaetotaxy 5:5:5 (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF888498FE9FFBDEFE0F" box="[959,1043,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
). Abdominal tergites membranous, tergites I–VI with large, oval marginal sclerites, clearly visible spinal sclerites and inconspicuous pleural sclerites. Abdominal setae 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF888678FE48FDC9FE48" box="[351,516,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.30 mm</quantity>
long; marginal sclerites with 2–7 setae, spinal sclerites with 2 setae. Siphunculi truncate, with 4–5 rows of reticulations and well developed flange (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8884B2FE2CFC25FE73" box="[917,1000,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
). Cauda broadly rounded, with 8 setae (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8887B8FE0FFF22FD9F" box="[159,239,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1428,409,1965]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFEFF8887E0FDD4FE56FB42" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8887E0FDD4FE39FDBA" bold="true" box="[199,500,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Description of alate male</emphasis>
(based on four specimens) (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF888412FDD4FCB7FDBB" box="[821,890,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68B23E3FFFEFF8884AFFDD4FC17FDBB" box="[904,986,548,573]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,987,1010]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of autumn generations of apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males of Periphyllus koelreuteriae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" tableUuid="DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8884D3FDD4FB8FFDBB" box="[1012,1090,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Colour</emphasis>
. In life: unknown, in mounted specimens: head, antennae, pronotum, sclerites, siphunculi and genitalia dusky. Legs dusky with basal part of femur and middle part of tibia slightly paler. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8885BDFD9CFC04FD03" box="[666,969,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Morphological characters.</emphasis>
Body elongated. Frons flat. Head with 7 pairs of long fine, pointed setae, which are 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF888586FD7FFC84FD20" box="[673,841,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.17" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.17 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8884BDFD7FFC3DFD2F" box="[922,1008,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
). ANT 6-segmented (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8883D5FD7FFA87FD2F" box="[1266,1354,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
), long, reaching abdominal segment III, 0.76–0.82 × BL. ANT IV slightly longer than ANT V; ANT V always shorter than ANT VI; PT 3.63 × BASE; other antennal ratios: VI:III 0.71–0.82, V:III 0.43–0.48, IV:III 0.61–0.64. ANT I with 7–8 setae, ANT II with 3–5 setae, ANT III with 10–19 setae, ANT IV with 8–12 setae, ANT V with 4–6 setae, BASE with 2 setae, PT with 2–3 apical setae. ANT setae fine, pointed, up to 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF8884D5FCD0FB9BFCB0" box="[1010,1110,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
long. LS ANT III 3.25 × BD III. The whole surface of ANT III–V covered by rounded, secondary rhinaria: ANT III with 64–86 rhinaria, ANT IV with 30–42 rhinaria, ANT V with 12–18 rhinaria. Rostrum reaching fore coxae. ARS with 4 accessory setae (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8887B8FC7CFF3DFC23" box="[159,240,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
), 0.17–0.20 × ANT III and 0.81–0.86 × HT II. Legs setose, with numerous stout, pointed setae, which are 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF8887B0FC5FFEF0FC40" box="[151,317,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.23 mm</quantity>
long. Distal part of hind tibiae with rows of short spinules; empodial setae spatulate; first tarsal chaetotaxy 5:5:5 (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF888647FC24FE7EFC6A" box="[352,435,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
). Fore wings with normal venation (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF88846DFC24FC56FC6B" box="[842,923,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
). Abdominal tergites membranous, with large fused spinal sclerites, pleural sclerites very small, irregularly placed, marginal sclerites oval. Abdominal setae 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF8887B0FBECFEF1FBB3" box="[151,316,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.22499999999999998" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.35 mm</quantity>
long; marginal sclerites with 2–3 setae, pleural sclerites with 1 setae each, spinal sclerites with 4 setae (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8887F8FBCFFEE2FBDF" box="[223,303,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
). Siphunculi truncate, reticulated, except basal part, with developed flange (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF8883AAFBCFFB2CFBDF" box="[1165,1249,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CF1BBBDFFFEFF8883E5FBB0FB2CFBDF" box="[1218,1249,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Cauda broadly rounded, with 8 setae (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF888686FB94FE3AFBFA" box="[417,503,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
). Genitalia well developed, strongly sclerotized with roundish, lobate parameres, covered by numerous spine-like setae. Basal parts of phallus slightly extended, tongue-shaped, with numerous short spinules (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFFEFF888666FB5CFE40FB42" box="[321,397,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1437,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Periphyllus koelreuteriae—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">
Fig. 
<date id="FFB73098FFFEFF888652FB5CFE40FB42" box="[373,397,1196,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">3i</date>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFEFF8887E0FB3FFC7BF8AF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8887E0FB3FFE8CFB6F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Life cycle.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFEFF88866FFB21FE34FB6F" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[328,505,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF88866FFB21FE9BFB6F" box="[328,342,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888643FB20FE34FB6F" box="[356,505,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a holocyclic species and its life cycle was studied in detail by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF8883F0FB3FFA51FB6F" author="Liu, Y. C. &amp; Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo M. H." box="[1239,1436,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="227 - 240" refId="ref4194" refString="Liu, Y. C., Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo M. H. (1999 a) The holocyclic life cycle and the morphological characters of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) in Taiwan. Plant Protection Bulletin, 41, 227 - 240. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1999">
Liu 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888222FB21FAFBFB6F" box="[1285,1334,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. (1999a)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF8887EAFB04FE65FA8A" author="Lin, Y. C. &amp; Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H." box="[205,424,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="147 - 157" refId="ref4078" refString="Lin, Y. C., Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H. (2001 b) Effects of temperatures on the development, longevity and reproduction of the sexual form of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Homoptera: Chaitophoridae). Formosan Entomologist, 21, 147 - 157. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2001">
Lin 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888624FB05FEF6FA8B" box="[259,315,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. (2001b)
</bibRefCitation>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFEFF8886FCFB04FDFCFA8A" box="[475,561,1268,1293]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. Specifically, the sexual generation appeared in winter with eggs as the overwintering form. The oviparous females appeared in the period when the foliage began to fall off the host plants (December to February), whereas the males and eggs were found from mid-January to early February. The highest population density was found in the lower layer and the lowest density in the upper layer of the canopy of the host trees. Both winged and wingless viviparous females were found in the field throughout the year, except from July to September, when the aphid population was extremely low. The aestivating forms occurred from March to June and reached their peak from April to May. These morph were probably present during the whole summer, what is in line with the phenology of host tree and in accordance with the biology of other species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFEFF88823CFA00FA51F98F" box="[1307,1436,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF88823CFA00FA51F98F" box="[1307,1436,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Periphyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF8887B9F9E4FE76F9AA" author="Essig, E. O. &amp; Abernathy, F." box="[158,443,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" refId="ref3670" refString="Essig, E. O. &amp; Abernathy, F. (1952) The Aphid Genus Periphyllus. A Systematic, Biological and Ecological Study. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 166 pp." type="book" year="1952">Essig &amp; Abernathy 1952</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF8886E0F9E4FD09F9AB" author="Wieczorek, K. &amp; Lachowska-Cierlik, D. &amp; Kajtoch, L. &amp; Kanturski, M." box="[455,708,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="0173608" refId="ref4790" refString="Wieczorek, K., Lachowska-Cierlik, D., Kajtoch, L. &amp; Kanturski, M. (2017) The relationships within the Chaitophorinae and Drepanosiphinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) inferred from molecular-based phylogeny and comprehensive morphological data. PLoS ONE, 12 (3), e 0173608. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0173608" type="journal article" year="2017">
Wieczorek 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888560F9E5FDB4F9AB" box="[583,633,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Such a shift in the life cycle is also typical in the warm, humid subtropical climate in the Ta-Keng area of 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFFEFF8885A0F9C7FD22F9D7" box="[647,751,1591,1616]" country="Taiwan" name="Taichung" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Taichung</collectingRegion>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFEFF88843FF9C7FCA0F9D7" box="[792,877,1591,1616]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, where the aphids were studied. In this area, the highest temperature of the year occurs in July and August, while the lowest temperature occurs in January and February. Numerous experimental studies have shown that the temperature has the greatest effect on the development, longevity and reproduction of the various morphs of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF888339F954FB15F93A" author="Liu, Y. C. &amp; Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H." box="[1054,1240,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="241 - 253" refId="ref4248" refString="Liu, Y. C., Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H. (1999 b) Effect of temperature on development and reproduction by normal form and aestivating form of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi). Plant Protection Bulletin, 41, 241 - 253. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1999">
Liu 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF88836AF955FB4DF93B" box="[1101,1152,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. 1999b
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF8883C3F955FA5AF93B" author="Kuo, M. H. &amp; Lin, Y. C. &amp; Liu, Y. C." box="[1252,1431,1700,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="269 - 286" refId="ref3964" refString="Kuo, M. H., Lin, Y. C. &amp; Liu, Y. C. (2001) Effects of temperatures on population parameters of polymorphic forms of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) (Homoptera: Chaitophoridae). Formosan Entomologist, 21, 269 - 286. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2001">
Kuo 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF88823BF955FA80F93B" box="[1308,1357,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF8887B0F937FE87F967" author="Lin, Y. C. &amp; Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H." box="[151,330,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="95 - 104" refId="ref4021" refString="Lin, Y. C., Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H. (2001 a) Development, survival and fecundity of polymorphic forms of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) at various constant temperatures. Plant Protection Bulletin, 43, 95 - 104. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2001">
Lin 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8887E3F939FF38F967" box="[196,245,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. 2001a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF888672F937FEA8F967" author="Lin, Y. C. &amp; Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H." box="[341,357,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="147 - 157" refId="ref4078" refString="Lin, Y. C., Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H. (2001 b) Effects of temperatures on the development, longevity and reproduction of the sexual form of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Homoptera: Chaitophoridae). Formosan Entomologist, 21, 147 - 157. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2001">b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF888657F938FE61F967" author="Lin, Y. C. &amp; Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H." box="[368,428,1736,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="215 - 227" refId="ref4138" refString="Lin, Y. C., Liu, Y. C. &amp; Kuo, M. H. (2002) Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the production of aestivating females of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Homoptera: Chaitophoridae). Formosan Entomologist, 22, 215 - 227. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
; Ding Xu 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888539F939FD80F967" box="[542,589,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. 2015; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF888584F937FC9EF967" author="Jing, R. &amp; Dingxu, L. &amp; Yancai, X. &amp; Di, D. &amp; Meng, X." box="[675,851,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="14 - 143" refId="ref3856" refString="Jing, R., Dingxu, L., Yancai, X., Di, D. &amp; Meng, X. (2015) Developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of Periphyllus koelreuteriae. Plant Protection, 6, 14 - 143. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2015">
Jing 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8885FFF939FCC4F967" box="[728,777,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). By contrast, the life cycle of 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFEFF888380F939FA9BF967" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[1191,1366,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888380F939FB78F967" box="[1191,1205,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8883E5F938FA9BF967" box="[1218,1366,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the condition of the temperate climate of 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFFEFF888576F91CFD65F882" box="[593,680,1772,1797]" country="China" name="Tianjin" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Tiencin</collectingRegion>
, northeast 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFEFF88840FF91CFCA6F882" box="[808,875,1772,1797]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">China</collectingCountry>
(present study) was typical for aphids, with the sexual generation being observed from mid-October to mid-November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31345D3FFFEFF8F87E0F8C4FC8DFEE3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFEFF8F87E0F8C4FC8DFEE3" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8887E0F8C4FE95F8CA" bold="true" box="[199,344,1844,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFEFF888647F8C4FE23F8CB" box="[352,494,1844,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Koelreuteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888647F8C4FE23F8CB" box="[352,494,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Koelreuteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small genus of flowering plants of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFEFF888312F8C4FB09F8CA" authorityName="" authorityYear="1789" box="[1077,1220,1844,1869]" family="Sapindaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
, which is native to southern and eastern Asia. 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFEFF8886EEF8A8FD9AF8F7" box="[457,599,1880,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Koelreuteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8886EEF8A8FD9AF8F7" box="[457,599,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Koelreuteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. grows easily in average, dry to medium, well-drained soil in full sun and adapts to a wide range of soils. Moreover, it tolerates drought and many urban air pollutants (
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF8883F7F88CFF1EF83F" author="Gilman, E. F. &amp; Watson, D. G." pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="2 - 4" refId="ref3710" refString="Gilman, E. F. &amp; Watson, D. G. (1993) Koelreuteria bipinnata-Chinese Flame-Tree. Fact Sheet ST- 336. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 4 pp. [pp. 2 - 4]" type="book chapter" year="1993">Gilman &amp; Watson 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, is significant the shade trees of the green areas and parks in its native range in 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFEFF8883F0F850FAD1F83E" box="[1239,1308,1952,1977]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFEFF88820FF851FAA1F83F" box="[1320,1388,1953,1976]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Korea</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFEFF8887B0F835FF1AF85B" box="[151,215,1989,2012]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">Japan</collectingCountry>
and its use as a medicinal plant in 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFEFF88857FF834FD56F85A" box="[600,667,1988,2013]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFEFF88858EF834FCA8F85B" author="Yang, X. &amp; Yang, Xi. &amp; Guo, T. &amp; Gao, K. &amp; Zhao, T. &amp; Chen, Z. &amp; An, X." box="[681,869,1988,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" pagination="769" refId="ref4879" refString="Yang, X., Yang, Xi., Guo, T., Gao, K., Zhao, T., Chen, Z. &amp; An, X. (2018) High-efficiency somatic embryogenesis from seedlings of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Forests, 9, 769 https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / f 9120769" type="journal article" year="2018">
Yang 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8885CCF835FCD6F85B" box="[747,795,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Although the Golden Rain Tree, 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFEFF8883C3F835FAB1F85B" box="[1252,1404,1988,2012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Koelreuteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF8883C3F835FB3AF85B" box="[1252,1271,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">K</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFEFF888223F834FAB1F85B" box="[1284,1404,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="363">paniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is treated as the main host plant for 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFF9FF8F8512FF69FC60FF37" authority="(Holman 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[565,941,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F8512FF69FD8EFF37" box="[565,579,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F8570FF68FD26FF37" box="[599,747,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">koelreuteriae</emphasis>
(Holman 2010)
</taxonomicName>
, the species is also associated with other representatives of this genus, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFF9FF8F8547FF4DFC7DFF53" authority="(Seem.) A. C. Sm." authorityName="A. C. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Seem." box="[608,944,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Koelreuteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F8547FF4DFD15FF53" box="[608,728,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">K. elegans</emphasis>
(Seem.) A.C. Sm.
</taxonomicName>
, which is endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF9FF8F8397FF4CFACFFF52" box="[1200,1282,188,213]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF9FF8F8234FF4CFAA4FF52" box="[1299,1385,188,213]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Ta- Keng area of 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF9FF8F8610FF2FFE52FF7F" box="[311,415,223,248]" country="Taiwan" name="Taichung" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">Taichung</collectingRegion>
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF9FF8F868EFF2FFDABFF7F" author="Liu, Y. C. &amp; Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo M. H." box="[425,614,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" pagination="227 - 240" refId="ref4194" refString="Liu, Y. C., Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo M. H. (1999 a) The holocyclic life cycle and the morphological characters of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) in Taiwan. Plant Protection Bulletin, 41, 227 - 240. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1999">
Liu 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F86FEFF11FDC0FF7F" box="[473,525,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">et al</emphasis>
. 1999a
</bibRefCitation>
), or 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFF9FF8F85B9FF11FCE1FF7F" box="[670,812,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Koelreuteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bipinnata">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F85B9FF11FCE1FF7F" box="[670,812,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">K. bipinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is native to southern 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF9FF8F83A7FF2FFB0EFF7F" box="[1152,1219,223,248]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF9FF8F83F2FF2FFA5CFF7F" author="Jing, R. &amp; Dingxu, L. &amp; Yancai, X. &amp; Di, D. &amp; Meng, X." box="[1237,1425,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" pagination="14 - 143" refId="ref3856" refString="Jing, R., Dingxu, L., Yancai, X., Di, D. &amp; Meng, X. (2015) Developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of Periphyllus koelreuteriae. Plant Protection, 6, 14 - 143. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2015">
Jing 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F8228FF11FA8CFF7F" box="[1295,1345,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Because 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFF9FF8F87DAFEF5FE63FE9B" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[253,430,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F87DAFEF5FEC6FE9B" box="[253,267,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F863DFEF4FE63FE9B" box="[282,430,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seriously affects the growth of its host-plants, not only by causing new leaf deformities and curly leaves, but also by inducing its own leaves to have sooty mould, it is known as one of the most damaging pests of the ornamental trees of this genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF9FF8F855BFEBCFCF9FEE3" author="Ping, G. &amp; Ling-Qin, Z. &amp; Zhong, X." box="[636,820,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" pagination="389 - 392" refId="ref4403" refString="Ping, G., Ling-Qin, Z. &amp; Zhong, X. (2004) Biological characteristics and control of Periphyllus koelreuteria (Takahashi) in Shanghai District. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University Agricultural Science, 22, 389 - 392. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Ping 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F859FFEBDFD25FEE3" box="[696,744,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7646D0FFF9FF8F87B0F84BFCD6F868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637410/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" startId="4.[151,250,1979,2001]" targetBox="[205,1377,531,1904]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFF9FF8F87B0F84BFCD6F868" blockId="4.[151,1435,1979,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F87B0F84BFEDFF857" bold="true" box="[151,274,1979,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFF9FF8F863FF84BFDD5F856" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[280,536,1979,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF9FF8F863FF84BFDD5F856" box="[280,536,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="364">Periphyllus koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—oviparous female: (a) general view, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tibia with pseudosensoria and tarsus, (e) siphunculus, (f) cauda.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7646D0FFF8FF8E87B0F8F2FD3DF8B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637412/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" startId="5.[151,250,1794,1816]" targetBox="[209,1331,303,1692]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFF8FF8E87B0F8F2FD3DF8B0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1794,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF8FF8E87B0F8F2FEDFF890" bold="true" box="[151,274,1794,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFF8FF8E863FF8F2FDD5F89F" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[280,536,1794,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF8FF8E863FF8F2FDD5F89F" box="[280,536,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Periphyllus koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—alate male: (a) head, (b) antenna, (c) apical segment of rostrum, (d) hind tarsus, (e) fore wing, (f) abdomen, (g) siphunculus, (h) cauda, (i) genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31345D3FFF8FF8D87E0F893FDD1F803" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFF8FF8E87E0F893FDFCF86F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1891,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF8FF8E87E0F893FEADF8FB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1891,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E864FF893FE63F8FB" box="[360,430,1891,1916]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">China</collectingCountry>
, Chaozhou (
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E851BF894FD67F8FB" author="Wu, Ch. F." box="[572,682,1891,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" pagination="131 - 167" refId="ref4858" refString="Wu, Ch. F. (1935) Aphididae. Catalogus Insectorum Sinensium, II, 131 - 167." type="journal article" year="1935">Wu 1935</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E8598F893FCC8F8FB" box="[703,773,1891,1916]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF8FF8E8435F893FCB7F8FB" box="[786,890,1891,1916]" country="China" name="Shanghai" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Shanghai</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E84ADF893FB8BF8FB" author="Ping, G. &amp; Ling-Qin, Z. &amp; Zhong, X." box="[906,1094,1891,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" pagination="389 - 392" refId="ref4403" refString="Ping, G., Ling-Qin, Z. &amp; Zhong, X. (2004) Biological characteristics and control of Periphyllus koelreuteria (Takahashi) in Shanghai District. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University Agricultural Science, 22, 389 - 392. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Ping 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF8FF8E84E0F894FC37F8FB" box="[967,1018,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E837CF893FB6CF8FB" box="[1115,1185,1891,1916]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">China</collectingCountry>
, Changzhou (
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E821AF894FF34F827" author="Wang, X. &amp; Cheng, H. &amp; Xi, J. &amp; Yang, G. &amp; Zhao Y." pageId="5" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref4674" refString="Wang, X., Cheng, H., Xi, J., Yang, G. &amp; Zhao Y. (2018) Relationship between park composition, vegetation characteristics and cool island effect. Sustainability, 10, 1 - 14, https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / su 10030587" type="journal article" year="2018">
Wang 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF8FF8E82AFF894FF60F818" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E8637F877FE9BF827" box="[272,342,1927,1952]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF8FF8E8644F877FE7BF827" box="[355,438,1927,1952]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Beijing</collectingRegion>
(BMNH coll., London, 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E85E8F878FD31F827" box="[719,764,1928,1952]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">UK</collectingCountry>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E8435F877FC95F827" box="[786,856,1927,1952]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF8FF8E8441F877FC77F827" box="[870,954,1927,1952]" country="China" name="Tianjin" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Tiencin</collectingRegion>
(present study); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E8358F877FB19F827" box="[1151,1236,1927,1952]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Ta-Keng area of 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF8FF8E87B0F85BFF32F843" box="[151,255,1963,1988]" country="Taiwan" name="Taichung" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Taichung</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E8628F85BFE06F843" author="Liu, Y. C. &amp; Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo M. H." box="[271,459,1963,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" pagination="227 - 240" refId="ref4194" refString="Liu, Y. C., Lin, Y. C. &amp; Kuo M. H. (1999 a) The holocyclic life cycle and the morphological characters of Periphyllus koelreuteriae (Takahashi) in Taiwan. Plant Protection Bulletin, 41, 227 - 240. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1999">
Liu 
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFF8FF8E8667F85CFEBFF843" box="[320,370,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">et al</emphasis>
. 1999a
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E86C6F85BFDA2F844" box="[481,623,1963,1988]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E8558F85BFD35F843" author="Paik, W. H." box="[639,760,1963,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" refId="ref4363" refString="Paik, W. H. (1972) Aphididae. Illustrated Encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Fol. 13. Insecta 5. Ministry of Education, Seoul, 751 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="1972">Paik 1972</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E842AF85CFC9DF844" box="[781,848,1964,1987]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF8FF8E847AF85BFC69F843" box="[861,932,1963,1988]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E8493F85BFBB4F843" author="Takahashi, R." box="[948,1145,1963,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" pagination="273 - 278" refId="ref4605" refString="Takahashi, R. (1919 a) Studies on Chaitophorinella I-III. Zoological Magazine, 31 (370, 371 &amp; 372), 245 - 247, 273 - 278 &amp; 323 - 329. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1919">Takahashi 1919a</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFF8FF8E83A9F85CFB1CF844" box="[1166,1233,1964,1987]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF8FF8E83F9F85BFAE5F843" box="[1246,1320,1963,1988]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
, Morioka, 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFF8FF8E87B0F83FFF23F86F" box="[151,238,1999,2024]" country="Japan" name="Aomori" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Aomori</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E87DBF83FFE4EF86F" author="Shinji, O. G." box="[252,387,1999,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref4500" refString="Shinji, O. G. (1927) Studies on the germ cells of aphids with special reference to the evolutional significance of the chromosomes. Morioka Imperial College Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin, 11, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1927">Shinji 1927</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFF8FF8E86A9F820FE0AF86F" author="Shinji, O. G." box="[398,455,2000,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="365" refId="ref4541" refString="Shinji, O. G. (1941) Monograph of Japanese aphids. Tokyo, Shinkyo Sha Shoin, 1215 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13320ADDFFF8FF8E86F8F83FFDE9F86F" box="[479,548,1999,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,925,947]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[340,1247,193,903]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Periphyllus koelreuteriae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3351351/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="365">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC6DFD71FC34" box="[151,700,925,947]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3351351/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" targetBox="[340,1235,193,902]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFBFF8D87B0FC6DFD71FC34" blockId="6.[151,700,925,947]" box="[151,700,925,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D87B0FC6DFEDFFC35" bold="true" box="[151,274,925,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFBFF8D8692FC6DFD7BFC34" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[437,694,925,947]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D8692FC6DFD7BFC34" box="[437,694,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Periphyllus koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" ID-Table-UUID="DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7646D0FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" targetBox="[159,1334,1070,1795]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFE04FB95" blockId="6.[151,1435,987,1042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D87B0FC2BFEC6FC75" bold="true" box="[151,267,987,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of autumn generations of apterous viviparous females, oviparous females and males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFBFF8D8793FC0AFE0FFB95" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[180,450,1018,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D8793FC0AFE0FFB95" box="[180,450,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Periphyllus koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFBFF8D8544FBDFFAE0F884" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<table id="F909E4F8FFFB007487B8FBDEFAFBF884" box="[159,1334,1070,1795]" gridcols="4" gridrows="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FBDEFAFBFBC3" box="[159,1334,1070,1092]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FBDEFCB1FBC3" box="[610,892,1070,1092]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Apterous viviparous female</th>
<th id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFBDEFBBFFBC3" box="[957,1138,1070,1092]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Oviparous female</th>
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFBDEFAFBFBC3" box="[1224,1334,1070,1092]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Alate male</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FBA7FAFBFBEA" box="[159,1334,1111,1133]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FBA7FDD5FBEA" box="[159,536,1111,1133]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Number of specimens</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FBA7FCB1FBEA" box="[610,892,1111,1133]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">5</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFBA7FBBFFBEA" box="[957,1138,1111,1133]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">6</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFBA7FAFBFBEA" box="[1224,1334,1111,1133]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FB71FAFBFB10" box="[159,1334,1153,1175]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FB71FDD5FB10" box="[159,536,1153,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Body length</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FB71FCB1FB10" box="[610,892,1153,1175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">2.3–2.57</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFB71FBBFFB10" box="[957,1138,1153,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">2.88–3.81</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFB71FAFBFB10" box="[1224,1334,1153,1175]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">2.47–2.67</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FB5AFAFBFB47" box="[159,1334,1194,1216]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FB5AFDD5FB47" box="[159,536,1194,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Maximal width of body</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FB5AFCB1FB47" box="[610,892,1194,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">1.17–1.32</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFB5AFBBFFB47" box="[957,1138,1194,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">1.10–1.52</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFB5AFAFBFB47" box="[1224,1334,1194,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.85–0.87</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FB24FAFBFB6D" box="[159,1334,1236,1258]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FB24FDD5FB6D" box="[159,536,1236,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of antennae</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FB24FCB1FB6D" box="[610,892,1236,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">1.42–1.67</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFB24FBBFFB6D" box="[957,1138,1236,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">1.39–1.69</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFB24FAFBFB6D" box="[1224,1334,1236,1258]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">2.05</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FB0DFAFBFA94" box="[159,1334,1277,1299]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FB0DFDD5FA94" box="[159,536,1277,1299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of antennal segment III</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FB0DFCB1FA94" box="[610,892,1277,1299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.44–0.51</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFB0DFBBFFA94" box="[957,1138,1277,1299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.45–0.56</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFB0DFAFBFA94" box="[1224,1334,1277,1299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.62–0.73</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FAD6FAFBFABB" box="[159,1334,1318,1340]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FAD6FDD5FABB" box="[159,536,1318,1340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of antennal segment IV</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FAD6FCB1FABB" box="[610,892,1318,1340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.23–0.30</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFAD6FBBFFABB" box="[957,1138,1318,1340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.21–0.32</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFAD6FAFBFABB" box="[1224,1334,1318,1340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.40–0.45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FABFFAFBFAE2" box="[159,1334,1359,1381]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FABFFDD5FAE2" box="[159,536,1359,1381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of antennal segment V</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FABFFCB1FAE2" box="[610,892,1359,1381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.22–0.26</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFABFFBBFFAE2" box="[957,1138,1359,1381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.19–0.29</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFABFFAFBFAE2" box="[1224,1334,1359,1381]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.30–0.32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FA89FAFBFA08" box="[159,1334,1401,1423]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FA89FDD5FA08" box="[159,536,1401,1423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of antennal segment VIa base</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FA89FCB1FA08" box="[610,892,1401,1423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.09–0.11</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFA89FBBFFA08" box="[957,1138,1401,1423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.10–0.12</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFA89FAFBFA08" box="[1224,1334,1401,1423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FA52FAFBFA3F" box="[159,1334,1442,1464]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FA52FDD5FA3F" box="[159,536,1442,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of antennal segment VIb p.t.</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FA52FCB1FA3F" box="[610,892,1442,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.28–0.30</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFA52FBBFFA3F" box="[957,1138,1442,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.22–0.30</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFA52FAFBFA3F" box="[1224,1334,1442,1464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.40–0.41</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FA3CFAFBFA65" box="[159,1334,1484,1506]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FA3CFDD5FA65" box="[159,536,1484,1506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of seta antennal segment III</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FA3CFCB1FA65" box="[610,892,1484,1506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.14–0.18</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFA3CFBBFFA65" box="[957,1138,1484,1506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.11–0.18</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFA3CFAFBFA65" box="[1224,1334,1484,1506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8FA05FAFBF98C" box="[159,1334,1525,1547]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8FA05FDD5F98C" box="[159,536,1525,1547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of apical segment of rostrum</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545FA05FCB1F98C" box="[610,892,1525,1547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.13</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AFA05FBBFF98C" box="[957,1138,1525,1547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.13–0.20</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFFA05FAFBF98C" box="[1224,1334,1525,1547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8F9EEFAFBF9B3" box="[159,1334,1566,1588]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8F9EEFDD5F9B3" box="[159,536,1566,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of hind femora</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545F9EEFCB1F9B3" box="[610,892,1566,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.72–0.85</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AF9EEFBBFF9B3" box="[957,1138,1566,1588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.56–0.87</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFF9EEFAFBF9B3" box="[1224,1334,1566,1588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.85–1.00</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8F9B7FAFBF9DA" box="[159,1334,1607,1629]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8F9B7FDD5F9DA" box="[159,536,1607,1629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of hind tibiae</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545F9B7FCB1F9DA" box="[610,892,1607,1629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">1.07–1.25</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AF9B7FBBFF9DA" box="[957,1138,1607,1629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.95–1.22</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFF9B7FAFBF9DA" box="[1224,1334,1607,1629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">1.27–1.55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8F981FAFBF900" box="[159,1334,1649,1671]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8F981FDD5F900" box="[159,536,1649,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of hind tarsi segm. II</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545F981FCB1F900" box="[610,892,1649,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.15–0.16</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AF981FBBFF900" box="[957,1138,1649,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.15–0.22</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFF981FAFBF900" box="[1224,1334,1649,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.15–0.16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8F96AFAFBF937" box="[159,1334,1690,1712]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8F96AFDD5F937" box="[159,536,1690,1712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of siphunculi</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545F96AFCB1F937" box="[610,892,1690,1712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.14–0.15</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AF96AFBBFF937" box="[957,1138,1690,1712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.12–0.17</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFF96AFAFBF937" box="[1224,1334,1690,1712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.12–0.14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8F934FAFBF95D" box="[159,1334,1732,1754]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8F934FDD5F95D" box="[159,536,1732,1754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Maximal width of siphunculi</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545F934FCB1F95D" box="[610,892,1732,1754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.21–0.23</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AF934FBBFF95D" box="[957,1138,1732,1754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.12–0.17</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFF934FAFBF95D" box="[1224,1334,1732,1754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.15–0.17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539141AFFFB007487B8F91DFAFBF884" box="[159,1334,1773,1795]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<th id="76E87D66FFFB007487B8F91DFDD5F884" box="[159,536,1773,1795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Length of cauda</th>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB00748545F91DFCB1F884" box="[610,892,1773,1795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.18–0.20</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB0074849AF91DFBBFF884" box="[957,1138,1773,1795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.17–0.19</td>
<td id="76E87D66FFFB007483EFF91DFAFBF884" box="[1224,1334,1773,1795]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">0.14–0.17</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFBFF8D87E0F8B8FDD1F803" blockId="6.[151,1436,1863,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
It is highly possible that 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFBFF8D86FCF8B9FD46F8E7" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[475,651,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D86FCF8B9FD46F8E7" box="[475,651,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">P. koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs more widely in countries where 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFBFF8D836CF8B8FB14F8E7" box="[1099,1241,1864,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Koelreuteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D836CF8B8FB14F8E7" box="[1099,1241,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Koelreuteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. is grown, as it is a significant ornamental plant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31345D3FFFBFF8C87E0F87FFCE6FEC7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB61658FFFBFF8C87E0F87FFCE6FEC7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1863,2032]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D87E0F87FFEF6F82F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1935,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Remarks.</emphasis>
Among the 13 species of the East Asian 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFBFF8D8429F860FC42F82F" box="[782,911,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D8429F860FC42F82F" box="[782,911,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Periphyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sexuales are only known for four of them (
<bibRefCitation id="EF986BA9FFFBFF8D87B9F843FE0EF84B" author="Blackman, R. L. &amp; Eastop, V. F." box="[158,451,1971,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" refId="ref3568" refString="Blackman, R. L. &amp; Eastop, V. F. (2018) Aphids on the World's Plants: An Identification and Information Guide. Available from: http: // www. aphidsonworldsplants. info / (accessed 20 December 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Blackman &amp; Eastop 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, for now, it is impossible to compare and key the oviparous females or males of these species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFBFF8D86FCF828FD91F877" box="[475,604,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D86FCF828FD91F877" box="[475,604,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">Periphyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the mentioned area. Apterous viviparae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFBFF8D835BF829FAE6F877" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1148,1323,2008,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFBFF8D835BF829FAE6F877" box="[1148,1323,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="366">P. koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were first found by the authors on the 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFAFF8C86F1FF69FDA2FF37" box="[470,623,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Koelreuteria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFAFF8C86F1FF69FDA2FF37" box="[470,623,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="367">K. paniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that were growing on the campus of Nankai University, 
<collectingRegion id="49CDD8BAFFFAFF8C83D3FF67FA81FF37" box="[1268,1356,151,176]" country="China" name="Tianjin" pageId="7" pageNumber="367">Tiencin</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31E56C8FFFAFF8C827FFF67FA51FF37" box="[1368,1436,151,176]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="367">China</collectingCountry>
in 
<date id="FFB73098FFFAFF8C8793FF4CFEEAFF53" box="[180,295,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="367" value="2010-07">July 2010</date>
. In 
<date id="FFB73098FFFAFF8C8676FF4CFD51FF53" box="[337,668,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="367" value="2010-10" valueMax="2010-11-31" valueMin="2010-10-00">October and November 2010</date>
, Dr Kai Dang simultaneously collected apterous viviparous females and sexuales from this same tree, which confirmed that the described morphs belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C096DDBFFFAFF8C839BFF11FABCFF7F" baseAuthorityName="Holman" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1212,1393,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Periphyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koelreuteriae">
<emphasis id="B97DCA4AFFFAFF8C839BFF11FABCFF7F" box="[1212,1393,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="367">P. koelreuteriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In mounted specimens, the spring and autumn generations of apterous viviparous females, are broadly similar in body colouration and sclerotization of dorsal abdominal tergites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>