391 lines
45 KiB
XML
391 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DC2137BC66AFFAE61E59D2131165C2A7">Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="854B326DCF78DE192A2B04BEF657411D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B88183C68C7225F2E2D88B6EFD012403">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A087E00E40FFBBFF7FFF79FEB0F8C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6137810" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119509285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6137810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087E00E40FFBBFF7FFF79FEB0F8C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087E00E40FFBBFF7FFF79FEB0F8C5" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="C313657D0E40FFBBFF7FFF79FECDFF78" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF7FFF79FCCEFF19" blockId="9.[151,788,151,211]" box="[151,788,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFF7FFF79FD5CFF19" authority="Vredenburg, 1923" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,646,151,178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF7FFF79FE56FF1A" bold="true" box="[151,396,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyriopsis cossmanni</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFE73FF76FDA4FF19" author="Vredenburg" box="[411,638,152,178]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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)
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comb. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF7FFF54FECDFF78" blockId="9.[151,788,151,211]" box="[151,279,186,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13322A730E40FFBBFF77FF54FF38FF78" box="[159,226,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,195,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[252,1335,195,1788]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Lyria sp., CPAG. RAN. I. 1, stn 5; B – H. Mitreola brohii sp. nov., B – C (holotype, CPAG. RAN. I. 2, ventral (B) and dorsal (C) views, stn 4), D (paratype 1, CPAG RAN. I. 3, ventral view, stn 4), E – F (paratype 2, CPAG. RAN. I. 4, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, stn 4), G – H (paratype 3, CPAG. RAN. I. 5, juvenile, ventral view (G) and enlarged view of the spire (H), stn 4); I – K. Lyriopsis cossmanni (Vredenburg, 1923), I – J (CPAG. RAN. I. 6, ventral view (I) and enlarged view of the spire (J), stn 4), K (CPAG. RAN. I. 7, ventral view, stn 4); L. Lyrischapa haimei (d’Archiac & Haime, 1853), CPAG. RAN. I. 8, ventral view, stn 6; M – N. Lyrischapa sismondai (d’Archiac & Haime, 1853), M (CPAG. RAN. I. 10, ventral view, stn 6), N (CPAG. RAN. I. 9, dorsal view, stn 3). Scale bars: B – G, I, K – N = 10 mm; A, H, J = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.228541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228541/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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Fig.
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<date id="FFB710360E40FFBBFF3CFF55FF38FF78" box="[212,226,187,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">4</date>
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I–K)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C313657D0E40FFBBFF7FFEEDFD52FE7B" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E40FFBBFF7FFEEDFBB8FE9C" infered="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFF7FFEEDFDF5FEB3" authority="Vredenburg, 1923: 264" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityPageNumber="264" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,559,258,280]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF7FFEEDFEE5FEB3" box="[151,319,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria cossmanni</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E40FFBBFEADFEECFDF5FEB3" author="Vredenburg" box="[325,559,258,280]" page="264" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFEADFEECFDF5FEB3" author="Vredenburg" box="[325,559,258,280]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" page="264" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923: 264</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(new name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFD38FEEDFB30FEB3" authority="Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909" authorityName="Cossmann & Pissarro" authorityYear="1909" box="[720,1258,258,280]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFD38FEEDFC5DFEB3" box="[720,903,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria sihesurensis</emphasis>
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sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFC24FEECFB30FEB3" author="Cossmann & Pissarro" box="[972,1258,258,280]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 2, fig. 26 and pl. 3, figs 25–26, incorrect identification as
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFD6AFECFFB8CFE9C" authority="d'Archiac & Haime, 1853" authorityName="d'Archiac & Haime" authorityYear="1853" box="[642,1110,289,311]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFD6AFECFFC9EFE9C" box="[642,836,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Voluta sihesurensis</emphasis>
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d’Archiac & Haime, 1853
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF7FFEAFFDE0FEDF" blockId="9.[151,1435,258,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E40FFBBFF7FFEAFFDE0FEDF" infered="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFF7FFEAFFE95FEFD" box="[151,335,320,342]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF7FFEAFFE95FEFD" box="[151,335,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria sihesurensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(non
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE64FEAEFCBFFEFD" authority="d'Archiac & Haime, 1853" authorityName="d'Archiac & Haime" authorityYear="1853" box="[396,869,320,342]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
|
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE64FEAEFD95FEFD" box="[396,591,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Voluta sihesurensis</emphasis>
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d’Archiac & Haime, 1853
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E40FFBBFC9FFEAEFB65FEFD" author="Cossmann" box="[887,1215,320,342]" page="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFC9FFEAEFB65FEFD" author="Cossmann" box="[887,1215,320,342]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" page="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909: 29</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 2, fig. 26, 31 and pl. 3, figs 25–26 [new combination].
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF7FFE90FB29FE19" blockId="9.[151,1435,258,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E40FFBBFF7FFE90FB29FE19" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFF7FFE90FDC4FE38" authority="Vredenburg, 1923: 265" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,542,381,403]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF7FFE90FEFBFE38" box="[151,289,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria feddeni</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E40FFBBFEC4FE93FDC4FE38" author="Vredenburg" box="[300,542,381,403]" page="265" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFEC4FE93FDC4FE38" author="Vredenburg" box="[300,542,381,403]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" page="265" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923: 265</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(new name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFD26FE90FB25FE38" authority="Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909" authorityName="Cossmann & Pissarro" authorityYear="1909" box="[718,1279,381,403]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFD26FE90FC53FE38" box="[718,905,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria sihesurensis</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFC3EFE93FB25FE38" author="Cossmann & Pissarro" box="[982,1279,381,403]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 2, fig. 31, incorrect identification as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE38FE72FC7EFE19" authority="d'Archiac & Haime, 1853" authorityName="d'Archiac & Haime" authorityYear="1853" box="[464,932,412,434]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE38FE72FD48FE19" box="[464,658,412,434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Voluta sihesurensis</emphasis>
|
||
d’Archiac & Haime, 1853
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Cotter
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFC14FE73FBCAFE19" box="[1020,1040,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E40FFBBFBFEFE72FB35FE19" author="Vredenburg" box="[1046,1263,412,434]" page="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFBFEFE72FB35FE19" author="Vredenburg" box="[1046,1263,412,434]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" page="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1928) A supplement to the Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 10 (4), 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1928">Vredenburg 1928: 37</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF7FFE55FD52FE7B" blockId="9.[151,1435,258,464]" box="[151,648,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1911D80E40FFBBFF7FFE55FD52FE7B" box="[151,648,442,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFF7FFE55FEE4FE7B" box="[151,318,443,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF7FFE55FEE4FE7B" box="[151,318,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cotter
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE78FE55FE7EFE7B" box="[400,420,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA810E70E40FFBBFE42FE54FD59FE7B" author="Vredenburg" box="[426,643,442,464]" page="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFE42FE54FD59FE7B" author="Vredenburg" box="[426,643,442,464]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" page="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1928) A supplement to the Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 10 (4), 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1928">Vredenburg 1928: 37</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313657D0E40FFBBFF7FFE13FE27FCF1" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF7FFE13FE27FCF1" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF7FFE13FEF3FDBD" bold="true" box="[151,297,509,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell biconic, H 30–32, D
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B130E40FFBBFDB4FE13FD03FDBE" box="[604,729,509,534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="16.0">16–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Protoconch smooth, rounded, bulbous, of 2¼ whorls, strongly differentiated from teleoconch. Teleoconch of 4 to 4 ¼ whorls. Spire low, occupying 23% of total shell height. Spiral whorls rather depressed, weakly convex, terraced. Last whorl ventricose. Suture slightly channelled. Axial sculpture of strong but narrowly rounded costae, not corresponding from whorl to whorl. Costae slightly opisthocline, extending from suture to suture on spire, posterior part rather flexuous, extending to base. First whorl: 18 costae, spire: 10–12 costae, last whorl: 9–10 costae. Spiral sculpture of ca. 30 fine threads present only from base to anterior half of last whorl. No spiral sculpture on spire. Aperture narrowly ovate, occupying 60% of total height, 28% of diameter. Posterior notch shallow. Outer lip thickened externally. Inner lip almost straight anteriorly, slightly curved posteriorly. Parietal callus weakly developed. Four strong columellar folds. Base of siphonal canal not preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313657D0E40FFBBFF2FFC8BFC3EFCD5" box="[199,996,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF2FFC8BFC3EFCD5" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,1902]" box="[199,996,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF2FFC8BFEECFCD5" bold="true" box="[199,310,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
2 spm (stn 4:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E40FFBBFE3DFC8BFDFFFCD5" box="[469,549,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">CPAG</collectionCode>
|
||
.RAN.
|
||
<date id="FFB710360E40FFBBFD83FC8BFD7AFCD5" box="[619,672,869,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">I.6–7</date>
|
||
, cast
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18AE330E40FFBBFD36FC8BFCE3FCD5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[734,825,869,894]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.F.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="945AAB150E40FFBBFCA7FC8BFC77FCD5" box="[847,941,869,894]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A50344" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="EnaNcbi">A50344</accessionNumber>
|
||
–45).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C313657D0E40FFBBFF2FFC67FEB0F8C5" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF2FFC67FD8DF88D" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF2FFC67FE95FC09" bold="true" box="[199,335,905,930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFE19FC67FD13FC09" author="Vredenburg" box="[497,713,905,930]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFD3EFC64FBC1FC09" author="Cossmann & Pissarro" box="[726,1051,905,930]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
made a mistake in identifying the Ranikot material as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE9FFC40FD9BFC6D" box="[375,577,941,966]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE9FFC40FD9BFC6D" box="[375,577,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria sihesurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which represents another species from the Middle Eocene of the Salt Range (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E76660E40FFBBFF76FC3FFEDEFC41" box="[158,260,977,1002]" name="Pakistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). From the monograph of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFDDCFC3CFC58FC41" author="Cossmann & Pissarro" box="[564,898,977,1002]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFC78FC3FFBB2FC41" author="Vredenburg" box="[912,1128,977,1002]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished two species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFF7FFC18FE8AFBA6" box="[151,336,1014,1037]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF7FFC18FE8AFBA6" box="[151,336,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in reference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFDE4FC18FBB8FBA5" authority="Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909" authorityName="Cossmann & Pissarro" authorityYear="1909" box="[524,1122,1013,1038]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFDE4FC18FD02FBA5" box="[524,728,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria sihesurensis</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFCCDFC18FBB8FBA5" author="Cossmann & Pissarro" box="[805,1122,1013,1038]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 2, fig. 26 and pl. 3, figs 25–26) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFEC9FBF4FE4EFB99" box="[289,404,1049,1074]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFEC9FBF4FE4EFB99" box="[289,404,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. feddeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in reference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFDBDFBF4FB68FB99" authority="Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909" authorityName="Cossmann & Pissarro" authorityYear="1909" box="[597,1202,1049,1074]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sihesurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFDBDFBF4FCF8FB99" box="[597,802,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria sihesurensis</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFC9BFBF4FB68FB99" author="Cossmann & Pissarro" box="[883,1202,1049,1074]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pl. 2, 31 only). The figured material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE9CFBD0FDD3FBFE" box="[372,521,1086,1109]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE9CFBD0FDD3FBFE" box="[372,521,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corresponds to three specimens from Jhirak (two well-preserved juveniles and a less well-preserved adult). The specimen illustrated on plate 3, fig. 26 is a well-preserved juvenile and is designated here as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288540E40FFBBFEFFFB6BFEA4FB35" box="[279,382,1157,1182]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE4CFB68FDE2FB36" box="[420,568,1158,1181]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE4CFB68FDE2FB36" box="[420,568,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The material collected in the Lakhra Dome is similar to the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFA6DFB68FED7FB6A" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFA6DFB68FED7FB6A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Jhirak and shares fine threads present only from the base to anterior part of the last whorl and opisthocline costae flexuous over the posterior part of the whorls. The only illustrated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFAE6FB20FA5BFB4D" box="[1294,1409,1229,1254]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFAE6FB20FA5BFB4D" box="[1294,1409,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. feddeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is designated here as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288540E40FFBBFE71FB1FFDDAFAA1" box="[409,512,1265,1290]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the species. Unfortunately, it is poorly preserved and it is difficult to establish differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE6CFAF8FDC0FA86" box="[388,538,1302,1325]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE6CFAF8FDC0FA86" box="[388,538,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFDBFFAF8FD10FA85" box="[599,714,1301,1326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFDBFFAF8FD10FA85" box="[599,714,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. feddeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although they were published in the same work (respectively
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFF7FFAD7FEBAFAF9" author="Vredenburg" box="[151,352,1337,1362]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 264 and 265). In respect to article 24.2.2 of the ICZN (Determination of precedence of names or acts by the First Reviser) we act as first revisers and give precedence to the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFB54FAB0FAADFADE" box="[1212,1399,1374,1397]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFB54FAB0FAADFADE" box="[1212,1399,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyria cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by those who consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE90FA6CFDD6FA32" box="[376,524,1410,1433]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE90FA6CFDD6FA32" box="[376,524,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFDACFA6CFD6CFA31" box="[580,694,1409,1434]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFDACFA6CFD6CFA31" box="[580,694,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. feddeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be conspecific; thus the valid name for the species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFADCFA6CFE2CFA15" authority="Vredenburg, 1923" authorityName="Vredenburg" authorityYear="1923" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFADCFA6CFED7FA16" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyriopsis cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFEF5FA4BFE34FA15" author="Vredenburg" box="[285,494,1445,1470]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFDEBFA48FD43FA16" box="[515,665,1446,1469]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFDEBFA48FD43FA16" box="[515,665,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFC62FA48FB62FA15" authority="Cox, 1930" authorityName="Cox" authorityYear="1930" box="[906,1208,1446,1470]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="samanaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFC62FA48FBE2FA16" box="[906,1080,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. samanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFBA9FA48FB62FA15" author="Cox" box="[1089,1208,1446,1470]" firstAuthor="Cox" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cox, L. R. (1930) The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas. Part 8. The mollusc of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 15, 129 - 222." type="journal article" year="1930">Cox, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Paleocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFF76FA27FEF2FA49" author="Kothe" box="[158,296,1481,1506]" firstAuthor="Kothe" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Kothe, A. (1988) Biostratigraphy of the Surghar Range, Salt Range, Sulaiman Range and the Kohat area, Pakistan according to Jurassic though Paleogene calcareous nannofossils and Paleogene dinoflagellates. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Pt B, 71, 3 - 87." type="journal article" year="1988">Köthe 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFEDEFA27FDFBFA49" author="Wardlaw" box="[310,545,1481,1506]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wardlaw" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Wardlaw, R. B., Martin, W. E. & Iqbal, H. H. (2007) Stratigraphic analysis of Paleocene and Lower Eocene rocks adjacent to the Potwar Plateau, northern Pakistan. In: Warwick, P. D. & Wardlaw, R. B. (Eds.), Regional Studies of the Potwar Plateau Area, Northern Pakistan. Bulletin of the U. S. Geological Survey, 2078 - F, pp. 1 - 18." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Wardlaw
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE4CFA24FE04FA49" box="[420,478,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFDC7FA27FD29FA49" author="Afzal" box="[559,755,1481,1506]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Afzal" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Afzal, J., Williams, M. & Aldridge, R. J. (2009) Revised stratigraphy of the lower Cenozoic succession of the Greater Indus Basin in Pakistan. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 28, 7 - 23. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / jm. 28.1.7" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Afzal
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFD9EFA24FD6AFA49" box="[630,688,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the Hangu Formation (Samana Range, North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E76660E40FFBBFAC5FA27FA4BFA49" box="[1325,1425,1481,1506]" name="Pakistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFF7FFA00FEC3F9AD" author="Cox" box="[151,281,1518,1542]" firstAuthor="Cox" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cox, L. R. (1930) The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas. Part 8. The mollusc of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 15, 129 - 222." type="journal article" year="1930">Cox (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFE70FA00FDE2F9AE" box="[408,568,1518,1541]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="samanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFE70FA00FDE2F9AE" box="[408,568,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. samanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFDB7FA00FD0AF9AD" box="[607,720,1517,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFDB7FA00FD0AF9AD" box="[607,720,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. feddeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as seen above, the illustrated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFB06FA00FABBF9AD" box="[1262,1377,1517,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFB06FA00FABBF9AD" box="[1262,1377,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. feddeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not allow accurate identification. Lakhra specimens are very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B288540E40FFBBFC36F9FFFB9AF981" box="[990,1088,1553,1578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFB8DF9FCFAC8F982" box="[1125,1298,1554,1577]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="samanaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFB8DF9FCFAC8F982" box="[1125,1298,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. samanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They share the same number of costae on the spire and on the last whorl, a flexuous morphology of these costae, spiral threads on the base of the last whorl, four oblique and strong columellar folds on the inner lip, and a pyriform outline. These numerous similarities suggest strongly that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFD30F990FC65F93E" box="[728,959,1662,1685]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFD30F990FC65F93E" box="[728,959,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyriopsis cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFC13F990FB21F93E" box="[1019,1275,1662,1685]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="samanaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFC13F990FB21F93E" box="[1019,1275,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyriopsis samanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the same species. However, the protoconch
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFD89F94CFCBBF912" box="[609,865,1698,1721]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="samanaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFD89F94CFCBBF912" box="[609,865,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Lyriopsis samanaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is missing and this character is needed before we can regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFEFAF928FE6AF976" box="[274,432,1734,1757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="samanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFEFAF928FE6AF976" box="[274,432,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. samanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFD53F928FC97F976" box="[699,845,1734,1757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyriopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cossmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFD53F928FC97F976" box="[699,845,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. cossmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFCB3F92BFB8EF975" author="Kachhara" box="[859,1108,1733,1758]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kachhara" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" pagination="81 - 91" refId="ref29238" refString="Kachhara, R. P., Bigyapati, Devi, K. & Jodhawat, R. L. (2011) Molluscan assemblage from the marine Palaeocene sequence in Southwestern Kachchh, Gujarat. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 78, 81 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12594 - 011 - 0061 - 0" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Kachhara
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFC24F928FBDEF975" box="[972,1028,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C094D750E40FFBBFA6DF928FF33F8A9" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Lyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="feddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFA6DF928FF33F8A9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">L. feddeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Paleocene from Southwestern Kachchh, Gujarat (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E76660E40FFBBFC87F907FC74F8A9" box="[879,942,1769,1794]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
), but this identification is based only on an internal cast lacking specific characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636F60E40FFBBFF2FF8DFFEB0F8C5" blockId="9.[151,1437,509,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAE40E40FFBBFF2FF8DFFE61F8E1" bold="true" box="[199,443,1841,1866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Stratigraphic range.</emphasis>
|
||
Lakhra Formation: Jhirak (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFD1FF8DCFBEFF8E1" author="Cossmann & Pissarro" box="[759,1077,1841,1866]" firstAuthor="Cossmann" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Cossmann, M. & Pissarro, G. (1909) The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1, Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 3 (1), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1909">Cossmann & Pissarro 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF984B070E40FFBBFBABF8DFFAD3F8E1" author="Vredenburg" box="[1091,1289,1841,1866]" firstAuthor="Vredenburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" refString="Vredenburg, E. W. (1923) Indian Tertiary Gastropoda, IV. Olividae, Harpidae, Marginellidae, Volutidae and Mitridae, with comparative diagnosis of new species. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 54, 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1923">Vredenburg 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Lakhra Dome (this paper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |