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<mods:title id="B0674400E1F6B10CC0DAD1BFE558CF68">Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992 and S. staminea Quinn, 1992 are synonyms of S. carvalhoi Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958 from the SW Atlantic (Gastropoda: Solariellidae)</mods:title>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905AFF9AA3F0CA1FE30" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,706,364,398]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="quadricincta" treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
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and 
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are synonyms of
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<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AFF9AAC90F2CFE05" bold="true" box="[151,335,410,443]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
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from the SW Atlantic (Gastropoda: 
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1, 
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RODRIGO B. 
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2,3 &amp; 
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1
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1Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, 
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. E-mail: dccavallari@usp.br; lrsimone@usp.br 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, 
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.
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3Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, 
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. E-mail: salvador.rodrigo.b@gmail.com
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is a diverse family of small (
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) marine snails of worldwide distribution. They usually live on fine sediment to unconsolidated substrates in deep-waters of extra-tropical to tropical latitudes (
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; 
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Williams 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AAE7A8570ED0FC80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2013
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). Initially described as a subfamily of 
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, it has been recently raised to family level (
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Bouchet 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AA4AA8740B3AFC80" box="[1316,1369,806,830]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
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Williams 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AF91A81A0F55FCDE" box="[255,310,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). The evolutionary relationships among solariellids have been extensively investigated in the light of morphological and molecular data, but the family still lacks a comprehensive taxonomic revision that reflects recent discoveries (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AE70A8DC0F9CFC18" author="Williams" box="[286,511,910,934]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="783 - 809" refId="ref3947" refString="Williams, S. T., Donald, K. M., Spencer, H. G. &amp; Nakano, T. (2010) Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54, 783 - 809. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.11.008" type="journal article" year="2010">
Williams 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AEE6A8DC0FDCFC18" box="[392,447,910,934]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
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). The family’s fossil record possibly dates back to the Campanian of Torallola, 
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(
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; 
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Williams 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AD5EA8E20C06FC76" box="[560,613,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2013
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F52BFFFCB6907AFA9A8870DDEF8C2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFCB6905AFA9A8870B0BFB26" blockId="0.[151,1436,737,2009]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">
In an ongoing study on the deep-water trochoideans from the French-Brazilian Marion Dufresne MD55 expedition off SE 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFCB6905AF89A8A40F4BFBB0" box="[231,296,1015,1038]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(a joint project of the MNHN and the USU that took place during 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFCB6905AB78A8A40A90FBB0" box="[1046,1267,1015,1038]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" value="1987-05" valueMax="1987-06-31" valueMin="1987-05-00">May and June 1987</date>
), the confusing identities of a few species caught our attention: 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905ADC0AF4B0A58FB8E" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[686,1083,1048,1072]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="quadricincta" treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905ADC0AF4B0A58FB8E" ID-CoL="4Y4XB" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[686,1083,1048,1072]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905ADC0AF4B0DCAFB8E" box="[686,937,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Solariella quadricincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905ACDDAF4A0A58FB8E" author="Quinn" box="[947,1083,1049,1072]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
and 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905AB1BAF4B0EB3FBED" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="staminea" treatmentTaxon="Solariella staminea" type="journal article" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AB1BAF4B0EB3FBED" ID-CoL="4Y4XS" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AB1BAF4B0B2AFB8E" box="[1141,1353,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Solariella staminea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AA3DAF4A0EB3FBED" author="Quinn" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. These Western Atlantic congeners are considered distinct taxa, but as we argue below, they are in fact synonyms of a previously described species, 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905AE85AF0D0DAEFBC8" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authority="Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[491,973,1118,1142]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Lopes" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="59 - 64" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." species="carvalhoi" treatmentTaxon="Solariella carvalhoi" type="journal article" year="1958">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AE85AF0D0DAEFBC8" ID-CoL="6YSSK" authority="Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[491,973,1118,1142]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AE85AF0D0CA2FBC8" box="[491,705,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905ADA7AF0C0DAEFBC8" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" box="[713,973,1119,1142]" firstAuthor="Lopes" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." type="journal article" year="1958">Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. This species turns out to be more variable and wide-ranging than initially assumed. A list of the examined material can be found at the end of this manuscript.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFCB6905AFA9AFF00D26F9A8" blockId="0.[151,1436,737,2009]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AFA9AFF00FA3FB05" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[199,448,1187,1211]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AFA9AFF00FA3FB05" box="[199,448,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Solariella quadricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905ADE5AFF70DCDFB05" author="Quinn" box="[651,942,1188,1211]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992: 50, figs 1–4)</bibRefCitation>
from the continental shelf off 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFCB6905AB93AFF70B47FB05" box="[1277,1316,1188,1211]" name="Iceland" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Isla</collectingCountry>
Margarita, northern 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFCB6905AF97AF940F09FB60" box="[249,362,1223,1246]" name="Venezuela" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. It was initially known only from that region, based on specimens collected by the R/V John Elliott Pillsbury. Subsequent records have since extended its range to northeastern Brazilian waters, off the states of Ceará, Alagoas and Sergipe at depths of 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFCB6905AD61AE5F0CE8FA9D" box="[527,651,1292,1315]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="135.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="100.0">100–170 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905ADF2AE5F0D08FA9D" author="Barros" box="[668,875,1291,1315]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barros" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="6 - 29" refId="ref3297" refString="Barros, J. C. N., Santos, P. C. P. &amp; Arruda, J. F. (2008) Comments of species of Solariella and Lamellitrochus (Trochidae, Solariellinae) from the continental slope of northeast Brazil, with the description of a new species. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Pesca, 3 (1), 6 - 29." type="journal article" year="2008">
Barros 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AD81AE5F0D4BFA9D" box="[751,808,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905ACEEAE580A30FA9D" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[896,1107,1291,1315]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905ACEEAE580A30FA9D" box="[896,1107,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Solariella staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AA37AE5F0FEEFAF8" author="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992: 53, figs 11–12)</bibRefCitation>
, based on the Marion Dufresne MD55 expedition specimens from the Davis Seamount, off SE 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFCB6905AFF9AE020EBFFAD6" box="[151,220,1361,1384]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The only single additional record of this species is also from SE 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFCB6905ACC7AE020D89FAD6" box="[937,1002,1361,1384]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AC94AE020BF2FAD6" author="Benkendorfer &amp; Soares-Gomes" box="[1018,1425,1361,1384]" firstAuthor="Benkendorfer" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="143 - 159" refId="ref3368" refString="Benkendorfer, G. &amp; Soares-Gomes, A. (2009) Biogeography and biodiversity of gastropod molluscs from the eastern Brazilian continental shelf and slope. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 37 (2), 143 - 159. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3856 / vol 37 - issue 2 - fulltext- 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Benkendorfer &amp; Soares-Gomes 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Both species descriptions were based solely on shell characters, as the author had no access to living specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AA39AE270EB3FA10" author="Quinn" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn 1992</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AF8DAEC50FDAFA10" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[227,441,1430,1454]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AF8DAEC50FDAFA10" box="[227,441,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905ADEEAEC40A7AFA10" author="Lopes" box="[640,1049,1431,1454]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." type="journal article" year="1958">Lopes &amp; Cardoso (1958: 59, figs 1–3)</bibRefCitation>
based on two empty shells from SE Brazilian waters off the states of São Paulo (
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFCB6905AD12AEEA0CC8FA6E" box="[636,683,1465,1488]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">type</typeStatus>
locality) and Rio de Janeiro (specimen from a private collection). Its known range has subsequently been expanded to northeastern and southern 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFCB6905ACA6AE8F0A6FFA4D" box="[968,1036,1500,1523]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, respectively off the states of Amapá and Alagoas and Santa Catarina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AE97AEAC0C09F9A8" author="Rios" box="[505,618,1535,1558]" firstAuthor="Rios" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" refId="ref3840" refString="Rios, E. C. (1975) Brazilian Marine Mollusks Iconography. Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 331 pp." type="book" year="1975">Rios 1975</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AD18AEAC0D5AF9A8" author="Barros" box="[630,825,1534,1558]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barros" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="6 - 29" refId="ref3297" refString="Barros, J. C. N., Santos, P. C. P. &amp; Arruda, J. F. (2008) Comments of species of Solariella and Lamellitrochus (Trochidae, Solariellinae) from the continental slope of northeast Brazil, with the description of a new species. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Pesca, 3 (1), 6 - 29." type="journal article" year="2008">
Barros 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905ADAAAEAC0C9AF9A8" box="[708,761,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFCB6905AFA9AD710DA0F8B7" blockId="0.[151,1436,737,2009]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">
The main distinction between 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905AD69AD720DEAF987" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[519,905,1569,1593]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="quadricincta" treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AD69AD720DEAF987" ID-CoL="4Y4XB" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[519,905,1569,1593]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AD69AD720C9CF987" box="[519,767,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Solariella quadricincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AC6BAD710DEAF987" author="Quinn" box="[773,905,1570,1593]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905ACD2AD720A5EF987" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[956,1085,1569,1593]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905ACD2AD720A5EF987" box="[956,1085,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
concern the shell’s outline, color and particular sculpture patterns (
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905AD6FAD170CE4F9E5" author="Quinn" box="[513,647,1604,1627]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AD6FAD170CE4F9E5" author="Quinn" box="[513,647,1604,1627]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn 1992</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
). Nonetheless, 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905AC42AD170DDDF9E5" author="Quinn" box="[812,958,1604,1627]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AC42AD170DDDF9E5" author="Quinn" box="[812,958,1604,1627]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
had already pointed out the close similarity between the three congeners. While examining a great number of specimens from the MZSP and MNHN collections attributable to 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AE5FADDA0FD1F91F" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[305,434,1673,1697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AE5FADDA0FD1F91F" box="[305,434,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we noticed a considerable morphological variability. In the analyzed material, specimens that closely match 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905AE5CADFF0FB7F97D" author="Quinn's" box="[306,468,1708,1731]" firstAuthor="Quinn's" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AE5CADFF0FB7F97D" author="Quinn's" box="[306,468,1708,1731]" firstAuthor="Quinn's" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn’s (1992)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AEB5ADFF0C1DF97D" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[475,638,1707,1731]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AEB5ADFF0C1DF97D" box="[475,638,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. quadricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905ADDDADFF0D4DF97D" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[691,814,1708,1731]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905ADDDADFF0D4DF97D" box="[691,814,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905ACC5ADFF0A4FF97D" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[939,1068,1707,1731]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905ACC5ADFF0A4FF97D" box="[939,1068,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCB6905ABB1ADFF0E83F958" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" firstAuthor="Lopes" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905ABB1ADFF0E83F958" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" firstAuthor="Lopes" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." type="journal article" year="1958">Lopes &amp; Cardoso (1958)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, were mixed together, accompanied by a range of intermediate forms. This variation is found not only in distinct geographical areas, but also in specimens from a single locality (Figs 6–21).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFCB6905AFA9AC470D1EF867" blockId="0.[151,1436,737,2009]" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">
The high intraspecific conchological variability in solariellids has already been recognized previously (
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AA70AC470B27F895" box="[1310,1348,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">e.g.</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AA3CAC470EACF8F0" author="Quinn" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref3753" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1979) Biological results of the University of Miami deep-sea expeditions. 130. The systematics and zoogeography of the gastropod family Trochidae collected in the straits of Florida and its approaches. Malacologia, 19 (1), 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1979">Quinn, 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCB6905AFB0AC640FEBF8F0" author="Marshall" box="[222,392,1847,1870]" firstAuthor="Marshall" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" pagination="4 - 42" refId="ref3715" refString="Marshall, B. A. (1999) A revision of the recent Solariellinae (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) of the New Zealand region. The Nautilus, 113 (1), 4 - 42." type="journal article" year="1999">
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFCB6905AFB0AC640F5CF8F0" box="[222,319,1847,1870]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">Marshall</collectingCountry>
, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). This variation concerns the number of sculptural elements (such as cords and ribs) and the strength of the teleoconch sculpture (from nearly smooth shells to specimens with very strong sculpture, sometimes even presenting nodules or spikes). Below we describe the main forms of variation found in shell shape and sculpture of 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AAE6AC2F0E9EF808" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AAE6AC2F0E9EF808" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the light of more abundant material, demonstrating that the concepts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AB4DACCC0AA6F808" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[1059,1221,1950,1974]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AB4DACCC0AA6F808" box="[1059,1221,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. quadricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AB94ACCC0B17F808" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[1274,1396,1951,1974]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AB94ACCC0B17F808" box="[1274,1396,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are both part of the continuum of conchological variation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCB6905AD9BAC920D15F867" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[757,886,1985,2009]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="0" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCB6905AD9BAC920D15F867" box="[757,886,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A51BCFFCA6904AFF9AC5A0B01F855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263274/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" targetBox="[229,1357,191,1787]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFCA6904AFF9AC5A0B01F855" blockId="1.[151,1437,1801,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AFF9AC5A0F52F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,305,1801,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCA6904AE58AC5A0C82F8A0" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authority="Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[310,737,1801,1822]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Lopes" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="59 - 64" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." species="carvalhoi" treatmentTaxon="Solariella carvalhoi" type="journal article" year="1958">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCA6904AE58AC5A0C82F8A0" ID-CoL="6YSSK" authority="Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[310,737,1801,1822]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AE58AC5A0F95F8A0" box="[310,502,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCA6904AE92AC5A0C82F8A0" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" box="[508,737,1801,1822]" firstAuthor="Lopes" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." type="journal article" year="1958">Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, holotype (MZSP 18446; H = 5.0 mm, D = 6.6 mm). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904ABB3AC5A0B5BF8A1" bold="true" box="[1245,1336,1801,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCA6904AA53AC5A0F0CF885" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="staminea" treatmentTaxon="Solariella staminea" type="journal article" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCA6904AA53AC5A0F0CF885" ID-CoL="4Y4XS" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AA53AC5A0E8DF885" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Solariella staminea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCA6904AF9AAC750F0CF885" author="Quinn" box="[244,367,1830,1851]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, paratype (MNHN-IM-2012-37682; H = 5.0 mm, D = 5.5 mm) (courtesy of the MNHN). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904ABB4AC750B55F882" bold="true" box="[1242,1334,1830,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCA6904AA53AC750FF7F8E7" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="quadricincta" treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCA6904AA53AC750FF7F8E7" ID-CoL="4Y4XB" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AA53AC750F71F8E7" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Solariella quadricincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCA6904AE77AC170FF7F8E7" author="Quinn" box="[281,404,1860,1881]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, holotype (USNM 859437, specimen never deposited; H = 6.4 mm, D = 6.4 mm) reproduced from 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFCA6904AA0EAC170EBAF8C8" author="Quinn" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFCA6904AA0EAC170EBAF8C8" author="Quinn" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AF8BAC320F27F8C9" bold="true" box="[229,324,1889,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFCA6904AE22AC320FA0F8C8" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[332,451,1889,1910]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="1" pageNumber="97" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AE22AC320FA0F8C8" box="[332,451,1889,1910]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, operculum #1, internal view (MZSP 73988; d = 3.4 mm). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AB74AC320A1BF8C9" bold="true" box="[1050,1144,1889,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figure 7.</emphasis>
operculum #2, external view (MZSP 73988; d = 2.9 mm). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AEA8AC2D0C30F82A" bold="true" box="[454,595,1918,1940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 8–21.</emphasis>
Series of specimens (Figs. 8–21, MZSP 73988; Figs. 22–22, MNHN unnumbered) showing the full spectrum of conchological variation. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904ADCBACC80D40F80F" bold="true" box="[677,803,1947,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 8–9.</emphasis>
H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.0 mm. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AB5CACC80AA5F80F" bold="true" box="[1074,1222,1947,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 10–11.</emphasis>
H = 7.0 mm, D = 7.1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AFA6ACEA0F3EF871" bold="true" box="[200,349,1977,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 12–13.</emphasis>
H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.3 mm. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AD08ACEA0C98F871" bold="true" box="[614,763,1977,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 14–15.</emphasis>
H = 7.6 mm, D = 7.5 mm. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AB6AACEA0AFAF871" bold="true" box="[1028,1177,1977,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 16–17.</emphasis>
H = 5.9 mm, D = 6.1 mm. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AFF9AC850F48F852" bold="true" box="[151,299,2006,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 18–19.</emphasis>
H = 7.3 mm, D = 7.2 mm. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904AD5CAC850CA5F852" bold="true" box="[562,710,2006,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 20–21.</emphasis>
H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.8 mm. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFCA6904ACA2AC850A02F852" bold="true" box="[972,1121,2006,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="97">Figures 22–23.</emphasis>
H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.7 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC96907AFA9ABCB0C62FD98" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">
The spiral cord sculpture present in all specimens is highly variable in strength. It varies from mostly well-marked cords, bearing nodules (Figs. 18, 20, 22), to a mixture of conspicuous and very thin and smooth, almost absent, cords (Figs. 12, 16); all cords may bear nodules, but the subsutural cord invariably bears them. Nodules may be spirally elongated, or narrower and angular (Figs. 8 and 10, respectively). Spiral cord width is also very variable: cords in the same specimen may vary from 1/10 to 1/5 of whorl height. Some specimens bear evenly wide cords (Fig. 18) while others bear cords of unequal width (Figs. 8, 10, 12, 14). The space between cords may be equal to the cord’s width (Fig. 18), or exceed it by 2–5 times (
<figureCitation id="130E1DB1FFC96907AE88AA360C52FEC2" box="[486,561,357,380]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,191,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[229,1358,191,1787]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Solariella carvalhoi Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958, holotype (MZSP 18446; H = 5.0 mm, D = 6.6 mm). Figure 4. Solariella staminea Quinn, 1992, paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012 - 37682; H = 5.0 mm, D = 5.5 mm) (courtesy of the MNHN). Figure 5. Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992, holotype (USNM 859437, specimen never deposited; H = 6.4 mm, D = 6.4 mm) reproduced from Quinn (1992). Figure 6. S. carvalhoi, operculum # 1, internal view (MZSP 73988; d = 3.4 mm). Figure 7. operculum # 2, external view (MZSP 73988; d = 2.9 mm). Figures 8 – 21. Series of specimens (Figs. 8 – 21, MZSP 73988; Figs. 22 – 22, MNHN unnumbered) showing the full spectrum of conchological variation. Figures 8 – 9. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.0 mm. Figures 10 – 11. H = 7.0 mm, D = 7.1 mm. Figures 12 – 13. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.3 mm. Figures 14 – 15. H = 7.6 mm, D = 7.5 mm. Figures 16 – 17. H = 5.9 mm, D = 6.1 mm. Figures 18 – 19. H = 7.3 mm, D = 7.2 mm. Figures 20 – 21. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.8 mm. Figures 22 – 23. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.7 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263274/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 8, 10). Again, the width of the cords is variable within the same specimen (Figs. 12, 14, 16, 20). The number of cords on the body whorl varies from 2 to 5 (Figs. 10 and 20, respectively). The width and depth (in case it is concave) of the subsutural shoulder on the body whorl are also very variable; width varies from roughly twice (Fig. 18) as wide as the adapical (subsutural) spiral cord to three to four times wider (
<figureCitation id="130E1DB1FFC96907ABD7AA980B7CFE5C" box="[1209,1311,459,482]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,191,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[229,1358,191,1787]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Solariella carvalhoi Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958, holotype (MZSP 18446; H = 5.0 mm, D = 6.6 mm). Figure 4. Solariella staminea Quinn, 1992, paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012 - 37682; H = 5.0 mm, D = 5.5 mm) (courtesy of the MNHN). Figure 5. Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992, holotype (USNM 859437, specimen never deposited; H = 6.4 mm, D = 6.4 mm) reproduced from Quinn (1992). Figure 6. S. carvalhoi, operculum # 1, internal view (MZSP 73988; d = 3.4 mm). Figure 7. operculum # 2, external view (MZSP 73988; d = 2.9 mm). Figures 8 – 21. Series of specimens (Figs. 8 – 21, MZSP 73988; Figs. 22 – 22, MNHN unnumbered) showing the full spectrum of conchological variation. Figures 8 – 9. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.0 mm. Figures 10 – 11. H = 7.0 mm, D = 7.1 mm. Figures 12 – 13. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.3 mm. Figures 14 – 15. H = 7.6 mm, D = 7.5 mm. Figures 16 – 17. H = 5.9 mm, D = 6.1 mm. Figures 18 – 19. H = 7.3 mm, D = 7.2 mm. Figures 20 – 21. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.8 mm. Figures 22 – 23. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.7 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263274/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
, 8, 10), and depth can be concave (
<figureCitation id="130E1DB1FFC96907AEFEAABE0FBFFDBA" box="[400,476,493,516]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,191,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[229,1358,191,1787]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Solariella carvalhoi Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958, holotype (MZSP 18446; H = 5.0 mm, D = 6.6 mm). Figure 4. Solariella staminea Quinn, 1992, paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012 - 37682; H = 5.0 mm, D = 5.5 mm) (courtesy of the MNHN). Figure 5. Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992, holotype (USNM 859437, specimen never deposited; H = 6.4 mm, D = 6.4 mm) reproduced from Quinn (1992). Figure 6. S. carvalhoi, operculum # 1, internal view (MZSP 73988; d = 3.4 mm). Figure 7. operculum # 2, external view (MZSP 73988; d = 2.9 mm). Figures 8 – 21. Series of specimens (Figs. 8 – 21, MZSP 73988; Figs. 22 – 22, MNHN unnumbered) showing the full spectrum of conchological variation. Figures 8 – 9. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.0 mm. Figures 10 – 11. H = 7.0 mm, D = 7.1 mm. Figures 12 – 13. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.3 mm. Figures 14 – 15. H = 7.6 mm, D = 7.5 mm. Figures 16 – 17. H = 5.9 mm, D = 6.1 mm. Figures 18 – 19. H = 7.3 mm, D = 7.2 mm. Figures 20 – 21. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.8 mm. Figures 22 – 23. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.7 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263274/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 4, 8, 16) or convex (Figs. 10, 14, 20). Some specimens may show an intermediary thin cord on the shoulder (Figs. 4, 20).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC96907AFA9A9620CB5FD6F" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">
The axial sculpture is also variable among and within specimens. In some specimens, thin but strongly marked, closely packed, prosocline axial striae are present on all whorls, especially visible between the spiral cords, as in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AA29A9000EBDFD32" author="Quinn's" firstAuthor="Quinn's" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn’s (1992)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AF8AA9260FE4FD33" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[228,391,629,653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AF8AA9260FE4FD33" box="[228,391,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">S. quadricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs. 4, 10, 16). In other specimens, the axial striae are stronger on the initial whorls and become gradually obsolete towards the body whorl (
<figureCitation id="130E1DB1FFC96907AD16A9CB0CA7FD11" box="[632,708,664,687]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,191,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[229,1358,191,1787]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Solariella carvalhoi Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958, holotype (MZSP 18446; H = 5.0 mm, D = 6.6 mm). Figure 4. Solariella staminea Quinn, 1992, paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012 - 37682; H = 5.0 mm, D = 5.5 mm) (courtesy of the MNHN). Figure 5. Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992, holotype (USNM 859437, specimen never deposited; H = 6.4 mm, D = 6.4 mm) reproduced from Quinn (1992). Figure 6. S. carvalhoi, operculum # 1, internal view (MZSP 73988; d = 3.4 mm). Figure 7. operculum # 2, external view (MZSP 73988; d = 2.9 mm). Figures 8 – 21. Series of specimens (Figs. 8 – 21, MZSP 73988; Figs. 22 – 22, MNHN unnumbered) showing the full spectrum of conchological variation. Figures 8 – 9. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.0 mm. Figures 10 – 11. H = 7.0 mm, D = 7.1 mm. Figures 12 – 13. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.3 mm. Figures 14 – 15. H = 7.6 mm, D = 7.5 mm. Figures 16 – 17. H = 5.9 mm, D = 6.1 mm. Figures 18 – 19. H = 7.3 mm, D = 7.2 mm. Figures 20 – 21. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.8 mm. Figures 22 – 23. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.7 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263274/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 8). Some specimens also show scarce axial sculpture with almost smooth interspaces between the spiral cords (Fig. 20).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC96907AFA9A98F0F45FC5C" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">
The basal portion of the shell shows several well-marked spiral cords and prosocline axial striae, of which width and strength are highly variable within and among specimens, quite similarly to the ornament of the whorl face (
<figureCitation id="130E1DB1FFC96907AA40A9AD0B19FCAB" box="[1326,1402,766,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,191,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[229,1358,191,1787]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Solariella carvalhoi Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958, holotype (MZSP 18446; H = 5.0 mm, D = 6.6 mm). Figure 4. Solariella staminea Quinn, 1992, paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012 - 37682; H = 5.0 mm, D = 5.5 mm) (courtesy of the MNHN). Figure 5. Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992, holotype (USNM 859437, specimen never deposited; H = 6.4 mm, D = 6.4 mm) reproduced from Quinn (1992). Figure 6. S. carvalhoi, operculum # 1, internal view (MZSP 73988; d = 3.4 mm). Figure 7. operculum # 2, external view (MZSP 73988; d = 2.9 mm). Figures 8 – 21. Series of specimens (Figs. 8 – 21, MZSP 73988; Figs. 22 – 22, MNHN unnumbered) showing the full spectrum of conchological variation. Figures 8 – 9. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.0 mm. Figures 10 – 11. H = 7.0 mm, D = 7.1 mm. Figures 12 – 13. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.3 mm. Figures 14 – 15. H = 7.6 mm, D = 7.5 mm. Figures 16 – 17. H = 5.9 mm, D = 6.1 mm. Figures 18 – 19. H = 7.3 mm, D = 7.2 mm. Figures 20 – 21. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.8 mm. Figures 22 – 23. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.7 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263274/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23). An invariable feature in all specimens is a prominent periumbilical cord, which is usually the widest basal cord; it always bears nodules, forming a carina that effectively divides the shell’s basal surface into a convex peripheral outer part and a concave inner part. The convex outer part is sculptured by 5–7 (including the periumbilical) mostly smooth spiral cords and with axial threads visible in the depressions between cords. The umbilical region is wide and always bears knobby, more closely packed spiral cords on all whorls toward the earliest, crossed by conspicuous axial threads.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC96907AFA9A8BE0A7AFAAB" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">
The overall shell shape closely reflects the configuration of the spiral cords. Specimens with a keeled outline present uneven cords, with some more conspicuous than the others, as is the case in the 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC96907AB41AF5C0AEFFB98" box="[1071,1164,1039,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907ABD7AF5C0B5DFB98" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[1209,1342,1038,1062]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907ABD7AF5C0B5DFB98" box="[1209,1342,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">S. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the specimens that resemble it (respectively 
<figureCitation id="130E1DB1FFC96907AD33AF620CA7FBF6" box="[605,708,1073,1096]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,191,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[229,1358,191,1787]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Solariella carvalhoi Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958, holotype (MZSP 18446; H = 5.0 mm, D = 6.6 mm). Figure 4. Solariella staminea Quinn, 1992, paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012 - 37682; H = 5.0 mm, D = 5.5 mm) (courtesy of the MNHN). Figure 5. Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992, holotype (USNM 859437, specimen never deposited; H = 6.4 mm, D = 6.4 mm) reproduced from Quinn (1992). Figure 6. S. carvalhoi, operculum # 1, internal view (MZSP 73988; d = 3.4 mm). Figure 7. operculum # 2, external view (MZSP 73988; d = 2.9 mm). Figures 8 – 21. Series of specimens (Figs. 8 – 21, MZSP 73988; Figs. 22 – 22, MNHN unnumbered) showing the full spectrum of conchological variation. Figures 8 – 9. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.0 mm. Figures 10 – 11. H = 7.0 mm, D = 7.1 mm. Figures 12 – 13. H = 6.7 mm, D = 7.3 mm. Figures 14 – 15. H = 7.6 mm, D = 7.5 mm. Figures 16 – 17. H = 5.9 mm, D = 6.1 mm. Figures 18 – 19. H = 7.3 mm, D = 7.2 mm. Figures 20 – 21. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.8 mm. Figures 22 – 23. H = 7.5 mm, D = 7.7 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263274/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
and 8, 10, 12). Specimens with evenly sized cords have a more rounded, homogeneous profile, more akin to 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AD14AF000C96FBD4" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[634,757,1107,1130]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AD14AF000C96FBD4" box="[634,757,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">S. staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AC44AF000DAFFBD4" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[810,972,1106,1130]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AC44AF000DAFFBD4" box="[810,972,1106,1130]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">S. quadricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 4–5, 16, 18, 20) 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907ABACAF000A9DFBD4" box="[1218,1278,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AA6AAF000BFBFBD4" author="Quinn" box="[1284,1432,1107,1130]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. The shell’s width, which was used by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AD5CAF260CA7FB32" author="Quinn" box="[562,708,1141,1164]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992)</bibRefCitation>
to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AC0AAF260DBCFB33" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[868,991,1141,1165]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AC0AAF260DBCFB33" box="[868,991,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">S. staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its congeners, is also quite variable and apparently not influenced by the sculpture pattern (compare similarly sculptured narrow and wide specimens in Figs. 18 and 20). The aperture shows little variation, being rounded, with the interior shell surface smooth and homogeneously cream colored, with an iridescent shade. The operculum (Figs. 6–7) is circular, corneous, thin, with a central nucleus and a convex inner and a concave outer surface; it is colored golden to yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC96907AFA9AE730AC9F9F6" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">
The shell’s ground color is cream to light beige, with a mixture of dispersed reddish brown stripes (upper whorls), blotches (upper and body whorls) and spots (all whorls, including the basal portion of the body whorl). An iridescent shade throughout the shell’s surface is visible in wet specimens, which corresponds to the inner nacreous shell layer made visible through transparency. The rather weak coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AC39AED50DB1FA20" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[855,978,1414,1438]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AC39AED50DB1FA20" box="[855,978,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">S. staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 5) as emphasized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AB9DAED50BE0FA23" author="Quinn" box="[1267,1411,1414,1437]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992)</bibRefCitation>
is not uncommon in the MD55 material. Many deep-water specimens coming from the MD55 material are commonly bleached and often covered by a white, calcified substance (not the intritacalx as described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907ABD9AE980EB3F9BA" author="D'Attilio &amp; Radwin" firstAuthor="D'Attilio" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="344 - 347" refId="ref3535" refString="D'Attilio, A. &amp; Radwin, G. E. (1971) The Intritacalx, an undescribed shell layer in mollusks. The Veliger, 13 (4), 344 - 347." type="journal article" year="1971">D’Attilio &amp; Radwin, 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Bleaching and deposition of salt layers in mollusk shells may be the result of a chemical reaction triggered by long-term exposure to low 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC96907AED2AD5C0FBEF998" box="[444,477,1551,1574]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">pH</collectingCountry>
levels, among other factors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AC76AD5C0A61F998" author="Cavallari" box="[792,1026,1550,1574]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cavallari" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref3486" refString="Cavallari, D. C., Salvador, R. B. &amp; Cunha, B. R. (2014). Dangers to malacological collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay. Collection Forum, 28 (1 - 2), 35 - 46." type="journal article" year="2014">
Cavallari 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907ACEDAD5C0DD9F998" box="[899,954,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). This could explain the much lighter, almost residual color reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AE90AD620CEDF9F6" author="Quinn" box="[510,654,1585,1608]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn (1992)</bibRefCitation>
as one of the distinctive characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AB46AD620AC0F9F6" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[1064,1187,1585,1608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AB46AD620AC0F9F6" box="[1064,1187,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">S. staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC96907AFA9AD000DDEF8C2" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">
In conclusion, 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFC96907AE0BAD010C8AF9D4" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[357,745,1618,1642]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="quadricincta" treatmentTaxon="Solariella quadricincta" type="journal article" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AE0BAD010C8AF9D4" ID-CoL="4Y4XB" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[357,745,1618,1642]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AE0BAD010C3EF9D4" box="[357,605,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Solariella quadricincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AD0AAD000C8AF9D4" author="Quinn" box="[612,745,1619,1642]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
and 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFC96907AC70AD010A19F9D4" author="Quinn" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[798,1146,1618,1642]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Quinn" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." species="staminea" treatmentTaxon="Solariella staminea" type="journal article" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AC70AD010A19F9D4" ID-CoL="4Y4XS" authority="Quinn, 1992" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[798,1146,1618,1642]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AC70AD010D8DF9D4" box="[798,1006,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Solariella staminea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AC9BAD000A19F9D4" author="Quinn" box="[1013,1146,1619,1642]" firstAuthor="Quinn" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="50 - 54" refId="ref3804" refString="Quinn, J. F. (1992) New species of Solariella (Gastropoda: Trochidae) from the Western Atlantic Ocean. The Nautilus, 106 (2), 50 - 54." type="journal article" year="1992">Quinn, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
should be treated as junior synonyms of 
<treatmentCitation id="0A942725FFC96907AE44AD260D73F932" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authority="Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[298,784,1653,1677]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" firstAuthor="Lopes" genus="Solariella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="59 - 64" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." species="carvalhoi" treatmentTaxon="Solariella carvalhoi" type="journal article" year="1958">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AE44AD260D73F932" ID-CoL="6YSSK" authority="Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[298,784,1653,1677]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AE44AD260C62F933" box="[298,513,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AD64AD260D73F932" author="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" box="[522,784,1653,1676]" firstAuthor="Lopes" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref3668" refString="Lopes, H. S. &amp; Cardoso, P. S. (1958) Sobre um novo gastropodo brasileiro do genero &quot; Solariella &quot; Wood, 1842 (Trochidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 18 (1), 59 - 64." type="journal article" year="1958">Lopes &amp; Cardoso, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. The following emended diagnosis is given for this species: cream to light beige background color, with reddish-brown dispersed blotches, stripes, and spots; whorls sculptured by 2–5 spiral cords and numerous axial striae, usually more evident on the interspaces between spiral cords; a prominent subsutural cord bearing nodules; basal portion of shell sculptured by 5–7 spiral cords, with a prominent, knobby periumbilical cord forming a carina that divides the basal surface into a convex outer part and a concave inner part, the latter sculptured by knobby, closely packed spiral cords crossed by well-marked axial threads; aperture rounded; interior shell surface smooth, cream-colored, with an iridescent shade; operculum golden to yellowish brown, circular, corneous, thin, with a central nucleus and a convex inner and a concave outer surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F52BFFFC96907AFA9ACD60F07F85C" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC96907AFA9ACD60F07F85C" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC96907AFA9ACD60FC3F823" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[199,416,1925,1949]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907AFA9ACD60FC3F823" box="[199,416,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from 
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to southern 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC96907AC56ACD50D1AF823" box="[824,889,1926,1949]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907ACE5ACD50A01F823" author="Barros" box="[907,1122,1925,1950]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barros" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" pagination="6 - 29" refId="ref3297" refString="Barros, J. C. N., Santos, P. C. P. &amp; Arruda, J. F. (2008) Comments of species of Solariella and Lamellitrochus (Trochidae, Solariellinae) from the continental slope of northeast Brazil, with the description of a new species. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Pesca, 3 (1), 6 - 29." type="journal article" year="2008">
Barros 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC96907ACB0ACD40A7BF823" box="[990,1048,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA47CC5FFC96907AB1EACD50A88F823" author="Rios" box="[1136,1259,1926,1949]" firstAuthor="Rios" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" refId="ref3866" refString="Rios, E. C. (2009) Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells. Evangraf, Rio Grande, 668 pp." type="book" year="2009">Rios, 2009</bibRefCitation>
; present paper). Based on the deepest live-specimen records examined here (MZSP 63528), the revised bathymetric range of this species is from 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC96907AF84AC980F03F85C" box="[234,352,1995,2018]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="0.0">
0 to 
<specimenCount id="9D33CABDFFC96907AE77AC980F03F85C" box="[281,352,1995,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="98" type="generic">350 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F52BFFFC86906AFA9ABCB0ABFFEE2" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC86906AFA9ABCB0ABFFEE2" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AFA9ABCB0C0CFF11" bold="true" box="[199,623,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Abbreviations. Shell measurements:</emphasis>
H = shell height; D = shell greatest width; d = operculum diameter. 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AFF9ABE90F4EFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,301,186,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Institutional:</emphasis>
IOUSP = Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AB1AABE90AD9FF6F" box="[1140,1210,186,209]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Brazil</collectingCountry>
); MNHN = Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AD49AB8E0C17FF4A" box="[551,628,221,244]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">France</collectingCountry>
); MORG = Museu Oceanográfico Eliézer de Carvalho Rios (Rio Grande, 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AFF9AA530EBEFEA9" box="[151,221,256,279]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Brazil</collectingCountry>
); MZSP = Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AC9BAA530A59FEA9" box="[1013,1082,256,279]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Brazil</collectingCountry>
); UMML = Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami (Miami, 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AC08AA710DC3FE87" box="[870,928,290,313]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
); USNM = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D.C., 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AD76AA160C31FEE2" box="[536,594,325,348]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">USA</collectingCountry>
); USU = Universidade Santa Úrsula (Rio de Janeiro, 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906ABE5AA160AB2FEE2" box="[1163,1233,325,348]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F52BFFFC86906AFA9AA3B0AB3FC72" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC86906AFA9AA3B0E94FCFF" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AFA9AA3B0B67FEC1" bold="true" box="[199,1284,359,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
Material examined. 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906AEAAAA3B0C69FEC1" box="[452,522,360,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Types</typeStatus>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC86906AD4CAA340D6BFEC1" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[546,776,359,383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AD4CAA340D6BFEC1" bold="true" box="[546,776,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906AC4AAA3B0DE9FEC1" box="[804,906,360,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906ACCFAA3B0D88FEC1" box="[929,1003,360,383]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: off São Paulo state:
</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AA79AA3B0BF4FEC1" box="[1303,1431,360,383]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="15" value="-31.585556">31°35’08”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AFF9AAD90F7CFE1F" box="[151,287,394,417]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="15" value="-50.833332">50°50’00”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AE45AAD90F07FE1F" box="[299,356,394,417]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="54.0">54 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AE1EAAD90FD6FE1F" box="[368,437,394,417]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MZSP</collectionCode>
18446 (Moreira coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906ADC7AAD90D7EFE1F" box="[681,797,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1956-11-11">11.xi.1956</date>
). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AC5FAAD90ADBFE1F" bold="true" box="[817,1208,394,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC86906AC5FAAD90A4DFE1C" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[817,1070,394,418]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AC5FAAD90A4DFE1C" bold="true" box="[817,1070,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Solariella quadricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906AB50AAD90AD0FE1F" box="[1086,1203,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
John Elliot Pillsbury sta. P-705, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AE73AAFE0F5BFE7A" box="[285,312,429,452]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="10.75">10</geoCoordinate>
º45’N, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AEE5AAFE0F88FE7A" box="[395,491,429,452]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-62.0">62º00’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AE93AAFE0C06FE7A" box="[509,613,429,452]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="81.5" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="77.0">77–86 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AD19AAFE0CA9FE7A" box="[631,714,429,452]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qx5p-wgw2" name="University of Miami Marine Laboratory" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">UMML</collectionCode>
30.6376, 1 sh. (
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906ACFDAAFE0A73FE7A" box="[915,1040,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1968-07-18">18.vii.1968</date>
); John Elliot Pillsbury sta. P-718, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AFF9AA830ECCFE59" box="[151,175,464,487]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="92" value="11.375">11</geoCoordinate>
º22.5’N, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AE7CAA830FE5FE59" box="[274,390,464,487]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="92" value="-64.14333">64º08.6’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AEFCAA830FAFFE59" box="[402,460,464,487]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AEB6AA830C48FE59" box="[472,555,464,487]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qx5p-wgw2" name="University of Miami Marine Laboratory" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">UMML</collectionCode>
30.6528, 1 sh. (
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906ADB2AA830D39FE59" box="[732,858,464,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1968-07-20">20.vii.1968</date>
); John Elliot Pillsbury sta. P-727, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906ABA1AA830A89FE59" box="[1231,1258,464,487]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="10.333333">10</geoCoordinate>
º20’N, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AA56AA830BFBFE59" box="[1336,1432,464,487]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-65.03333">65º02’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AFF9AAA10EB3FDB7" box="[151,208,498,521]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="64.0">64 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AFB2AAA10F4CFDB7" box="[220,303,498,521]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qx5p-wgw2" name="University of Miami Marine Laboratory" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">UMML</collectionCode>
30.6695, 1 sh. (
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906AEB3AAA10C38FDB7" box="[477,603,498,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1968-07-21">21.vii.1968</date>
). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AD00AAA10DDDFDB7" bold="true" box="[622,958,498,522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC86906AD00AAA10D20FDB4" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[622,835,498,522]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="staminea">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AD00AAA10D20FDB4" bold="true" box="[622,835,498,522]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Solariella staminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906AC3DAAA10DDAFDB7" box="[851,953,498,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
MD55 sta. DC40, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906ABE5AAA10AC9FDB7" box="[1163,1194,498,521]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-20.666666">20</geoCoordinate>
°40’S, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AB9FAAA10B30FDB7" box="[1265,1363,498,521]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-34.683334">34°41’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AA30AAA10BF4FDB7" box="[1374,1431,498,521]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AFF9A9460E84FD92" box="[151,231,533,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MORG</collectionCode>
26530 (Bouchet, Leal &amp; Métivier coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906ADCCA9460C8DFD92" box="[674,750,533,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1987-05">v.1987</date>
); 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AC6CA9460D1FFD92" bold="true" box="[770,892,533,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906AC6CA9460D14FD92" box="[770,887,533,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
from 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906ACAEA9460D8DFD92" box="[960,1006,533,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
locality, MNHN-IM-2012-37682, 3 sh. (Bouchet, Leal &amp; Métivier coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906AE92A96B0C2BFDF1" box="[508,584,568,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1987-05">v.1987</date>
); 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AD32A96B0B50FDF1" bold="true" box="[604,1331,567,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
additional material: 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC86906AC27A9640A47FDF1" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[841,1060,567,591]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AC27A9640A47FDF1" bold="true" box="[841,1060,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AB5AA96B0A1EFDF1" box="[1076,1149,568,591]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: off Maranhão:
</emphasis>
PIATAM Oceano sta. 109, from 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AEF6A9090C78FDCF" box="[408,539,602,625]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="1" value="-1.9143833">01º54.863’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AD48A9090CA1FDCF" box="[550,706,602,625]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="1" value="-43.330734">043º19.844’W</geoCoordinate>
to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AD85A9090D0DFDCF" box="[747,878,602,625]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="1" value="-1.9208167">01º55.249’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AC17A9090A75FDCF" box="[889,1046,602,625]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="1" value="-43.3506">043º21.036’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AB4DA9090A3CFDCF" box="[1059,1119,602,625]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AB00A9090AD7FDCF" box="[1134,1204,602,625]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MZSP</collectionCode>
96128, 2 spm. (R/V “Amorim do Valle” coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906AEC7A92E0C7CFD2A" box="[425,543,637,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="2008-11-22">22.xi.2008</date>
); 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AD5CA92E0D66FD2A" bold="true" box="[562,773,637,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">off Rio de Janeiro:</emphasis>
south of Cabo Frio, MD55 sta. CB101, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906ABDEA92E0AACFD2A" box="[1200,1231,637,660]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-22.983334">22</geoCoordinate>
°59’S, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AA7AA92E0B15FD2A" box="[1300,1398,637,660]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-42.083332">42°05’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AAEFA92E0ECDFD09" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AFD7A9F30F6EFD09" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[185,269,672,695]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MNHN</collectionCode>
, 1 sh. (Bouchet, Leal &amp; Métivier coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906ADDFA9F30D45FD09" box="[689,806,672,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1987-06-01">01.vi.1987</date>
); MBT sta. 140, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906ACB2A9F30D99FD09" box="[988,1018,672,695]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-23.033333">23</geoCoordinate>
°02’S, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AB2FA9F30AC0FD09" box="[1089,1187,672,695]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-43.0">43°00’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906ABC0A9F30A85FD09" box="[1198,1254,672,695]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AB9CA9F30B54FD09" box="[1266,1335,672,695]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MZSP</collectionCode>
82270, 1 spm. (R/V “W. Besnard” coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906AE8CA9910C34FD67" box="[482,599,706,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1970-09-02">02.ix.1970</date>
). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AD04A9910C87FD67" bold="true" box="[618,740,706,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">São Paulo:</emphasis>
off Ubatuba, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AC19A9910DDFFD67" box="[887,956,706,729]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906ACA9A9910A6FFD67" box="[967,1036,706,729]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MZSP</collectionCode>
63528, 13 spm. (
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906ABABA9910B77FD67" box="[1221,1300,706,729]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/st4d-40gc" name="Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">IOUSP</collectionCode>
coll., 1979); 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AFF9A9B60EBFFD42" box="[151,220,741,764]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AF88A9B60F4FFD42" box="[230,300,741,764]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MZSP</collectionCode>
69825, 4 spm. (Femorale coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906AD13A9B60CBAFD42" box="[637,729,741,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="2000-07">vii.2000</date>
); 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906AD82A9B60D48FD42" box="[748,811,741,764]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AC5BA9B60D19FD42" box="[821,890,741,764]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MZSP</collectionCode>
73988, 61 sh. (Femorale coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906ABAAA9B60B7AFD42" box="[1220,1305,741,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="2001-09">ix.2001</date>
). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AA45A9B60F17FCA1" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">São Paulo and Paraná states:</emphasis>
between Santos (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AD53A85B0CF6FCA1" box="[573,661,776,799]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-23.916666">23°55’S</geoCoordinate>
) and Paranaguá (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AC33A85B0DD5FCA1" box="[861,950,776,799]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="925" value="-25.516666">25°31’S</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906ACA1A85B0A77FCA1" box="[975,1044,776,799]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">MZSP</collectionCode>
35334, 1 spm. (C.M. 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AA7BA85B0B38FCA1" box="[1301,1371,776,799]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Cunha</collectingCountry>
coll., 
<date id="FF8B27F4FFC86906AFF9A8790E88FCFF" box="[151,235,810,833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" value="1999-11">xi.1999</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A0134FFC86906AFA9A81E0AB3FC72" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AFA9A81E0A06FCDA" bold="true" box="[199,1125,845,869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
Additional 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906AE26A81E0F1AFCDA" box="[328,377,845,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
material. 
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC86906AE9EA81E0CA9FCDB" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1958" box="[496,714,845,869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AE9EA81E0CA9FCDB" bold="true" box="[496,714,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Solariella carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906ADB5A81E0D32FCDA" box="[731,849,845,868]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AC33A81E0DC4FCDA" box="[861,935,845,868]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Rio de Janeiro:
</emphasis>
Cabo Frio, 1 sh. from Paulo de Sá Cardoso Collection (private; specimen likely lost). 
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AC25A83C0F75FC17" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="4C357AB7FFC86906AC25A83C0A32FC39" authorityName="Quinn" authorityYear="1992" box="[843,1105,879,903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Solariellidae" genus="Solariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B941DD26FFC86906AC25A83C0A32FC39" bold="true" box="[843,1105,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Solariella quadricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="548EBF96FFC86906AB05A8230AB2FC39" box="[1131,1233,880,903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AB88A8230B3EFC39" box="[1254,1373,880,903]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F32241A4FFC86906AA1CA8230BF8FC39" box="[1394,1435,880,903]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">Isla</collectingCountry>
Margarita:
</emphasis>
John Elliot Pillsbury sta. P-721, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906ADE5A8C10CC0FC17" box="[651,675,914,937]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="92" value="11.375">11</geoCoordinate>
º22.5’N, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0167F3FFC86906AC66A8C10D1FFC17" box="[776,892,914,937]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" precision="92" value="-64.14333">64º08.6’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDACD1FFC86906ACE4A8C10DA6FC17" box="[906,965,914,937]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906ACBAA8C10A42FC17" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[980,1057,914,937]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">USNM</collectionCode>
859437 [this specimen was never deposited in the 
<collectionCode id="ED2499F1FFC86906AE28A8E60FF0FC72" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[326,403,949,972]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="99">USNM</collectionCode>
collection and is considered lost (Ellen E. Strong, personal communication)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>