248 lines
29 KiB
XML
248 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="76FF034FFB62C8809B70419EEB2C1D7E" ID-CLB-Dataset="301709" ID-DOI="10.35249/rche.48.3.22.06" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8a8e557d-0298-424d-9252-f38c2e95676c" ID-ISSN="0718-8994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13367612" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722662928663" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Villablanca, Javier & Villablanca-Miranda, Vicente" docDate="2022" docId="039587E9FFC02026FE10FDD2FDAB2BA1" docLanguage="es" docName="RevChilEntomol.48.3.525-529.pdf" docOrigin="Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 48 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.48.3.22.06" docStyle="DocumentStyle:451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865.4:RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865" docStyleName="RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Trachymela sloanei" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="526" masterDocId="FFACFF91FFC12024FF9AFFC8FFD92A73" masterDocTitle="Primer registro de Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn, 1897) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) en Chile" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="525" pageNumber="526" updateTime="1724436860238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="47EAE9E08513724A51DC15C498F07B4D">Primer registro de Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn, 1897) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) en Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E851AE49AB143992B7A3D7026D6C2487">Villablanca, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8136458E494A3B112B3C985FC37C6C3D">Villablanca-Miranda, Vicente</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="28A1642B40AD5A784B43585022F63035">Revista Chilena de Entomología</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AC6AAF0CB208B62B1B1ABB34867BD2E8">
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<mods:date id="0A874BFA2E110F109773E21C8F41587D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="C63C46A6594020B1477C606E88D00A16">Rev. Chil. Entomol.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039587E9FFC02026FE10FDD2FDAB2BA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13238811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13238811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587E9FFC02026FE10FDD2FDAB2BA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587E9FFC02026FE10FDD2FDAB2BA1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<subSubSection id="C3266574FFC02025FE10FDD2FC942841" box="[394,845,538,562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8336FFFFC02025FE10FDD2FC942841" blockId="1.[394,845,538,594]" box="[394,845,538,562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<heading id="D0CB8193FFC02025FE10FDD2FC942841" box="[394,845,538,562]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FE10FDD2FC942841" authority="(Blackburn, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[394,845,538,562]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachymela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sloanei">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FE10FDD2FC942841" bold="true" box="[394,845,538,562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FE10FDD2FDAA2841" bold="true" box="[394,627,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Trachymela sloanei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B0EFFC02025FD18FDD2FC9F2841" author="Blackburn, T." box="[642,838,538,562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" pagination="637 - 693" refId="ref1615" refString="Blackburn, T. (1897) Revision of the genus Paropsis. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 21 (4): 637 - 693. [1896]" type="journal article" year="1897">Blackburn, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3266574FFC02025FDAAFDF2FD712821" box="[560,680,570,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8336FFFFC02025FDAAFDF2FD712821" blockId="1.[394,845,538,594]" box="[560,680,570,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13072A7AFFC02025FDA2FDF2FD792821" box="[568,672,570,594]" captionStart="Figuras 1-4" captionStartId="2.[151,232,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[159,1202,522,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-221@2.[159,1202,513,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figuras 1-4. Trachymela sloanei. 1. Ejemplar adulto. 2. Detalle metatibia derecha, vista ventral. 3. Daño en hojas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adulto de T. sloanei cubierto por tela de Steatoda grossa. / 1. Adult specimen. 2. Detail right metatibia, ventral view. 3. Damage to leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adult T. sloanei covered by Steatoda grossa cobwebs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13367614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13367614/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3266574FFC02025FFC1FDB2FC742881" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8336FFFFC02025FFC1FDB2FC742881" blockId="1.[91,1149,634,755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FFC1FDB2FF0528E1" bold="true" box="[91,220,634,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Cuerpo entre
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<quantity id="4CC49B1AFFC02025FE15FDB2FE3228E1" box="[399,491,634,658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
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de largo, esferoidal, dorsalmente convexo y subplano ventralmente; tegumento dorsal marrón con manchas negras, densa y profundamente punteado (
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<figureCitation id="13072A7AFFC02025FF41FD72FEC228A1" box="[219,283,698,722]" captionStart="Figuras 1-4" captionStartId="2.[151,232,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[159,1202,522,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-221@2.[159,1202,513,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figuras 1-4. Trachymela sloanei. 1. Ejemplar adulto. 2. Detalle metatibia derecha, vista ventral. 3. Daño en hojas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adulto de T. sloanei cubierto por tela de Steatoda grossa. / 1. Adult specimen. 2. Detail right metatibia, ventral view. 3. Damage to leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adult T. sloanei covered by Steatoda grossa cobwebs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13367614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13367614/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Patas medias y posteriores con una hilera de pilosidad densa situada en la mitad distal del margen externo de las patas (Blackburn 1896) (
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<figureCitation id="13072A7AFFC02025FCC6FD12FC792881" box="[860,928,730,754]" captionStart="Figuras 1-4" captionStartId="2.[151,232,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[159,1202,522,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-221@2.[159,1202,513,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figuras 1-4. Trachymela sloanei. 1. Ejemplar adulto. 2. Detalle metatibia derecha, vista ventral. 3. Daño en hojas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adulto de T. sloanei cubierto por tela de Steatoda grossa. / 1. Adult specimen. 2. Detail right metatibia, ventral view. 3. Damage to leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adult T. sloanei covered by Steatoda grossa cobwebs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13367614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13367614/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3266574FFC02026FFC1FCD2FDAB2BA1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="527" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8336FFFFC02025FFC1FCD2FE702E41" blockId="1.[91,1149,794,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FFC1FCD2FE852941" bold="true" box="[91,348,794,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Material examinado.</emphasis>
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2 ejemplares de:
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FDDBFCD2FD4C2941" bold="true" box="[577,661,794,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<collectingCountry id="F32B766FFFC02025FDDBFCD2FD4C2941" box="[577,661,794,818]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CHILE</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F81DFFC02025FD33FCD2FC6B2941" box="[681,946,794,818]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Región de Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
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, La Serena, San Ramón,
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<date id="FF82103FFFC02025FF24FCF2FEF02921" box="[190,297,826,850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" value="2020-05-07">7-V-2020</date>
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, sobre corteza de
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FE64FCF2FD7B2921" box="[510,674,826,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FE64FCF2FDA12921" box="[510,632,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FD78FCF3FD2E2921" box="[738,759,827,850]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Villablanca-Miranda (
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FB9EFCF2FB822921" box="[1028,1115,826,850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CVVM</collectionCode>
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); 5 ejemplares misma localidad,
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<date id="FF82103FFFC02025FE2EFC92FDFE2901" box="[436,551,858,882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" value="2020-06-06">6-VI-2020</date>
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, bajo corteza de
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FD77FC92FC482901" box="[749,913,858,882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FD77FC92FCBE2901" box="[749,871,858,882]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FC4AFC93FC3C2901" box="[976,997,859,882]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Villablanca-Miranda (1
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FF7CFCB2FEE229E1" box="[230,315,890,914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CVVM</collectionCode>
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, 1
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FEC6FCB2FE7929E1" box="[348,416,890,914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CJVR</collectionCode>
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, 3
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FE5AFCB2FDC529E1" box="[448,540,890,914]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mf2w-ryyx" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">MNNC</collectionCode>
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); 1 ejemplar de: La Serena, cerro Grande,
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<date id="FF82103FFFC02025FB96FCB2FBA129E1" box="[1036,1144,890,914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" value="2021-01-25">25-I-2021</date>
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, sobre
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FF39FC52FE9E29C1" box="[163,327,922,946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FF39FC52FEC429C1" box="[163,285,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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, leg. J. Barraza (
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FD93FC52FDB929C1" box="[521,608,922,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CVVM</collectionCode>
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); 2 ejemplares muertos misma localidad,
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<date id="FF82103FFFC02025FBD6FC52FF4A29A1" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" value="2021-10-08">8-X-2021</date>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FF54FC73FF3A29A1" box="[206,227,955,978]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Villablanca-Miranda (
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FE74FC72FD9F29A1" box="[494,582,954,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CVVM</collectionCode>
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). 42 ejemplares muertos de: Alcohuaz,
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<date id="FF82103FFFC02025FB95FC72FBA029A1" box="[1039,1145,954,978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" value="2021-05-02">2-V-2021</date>
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, entre cortezas de
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FEB6FC12FD9C2981" box="[300,581,986,1010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camaldulensis">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FEB6FC12FD9C2981" box="[300,581,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FD1FFC13FD432981" box="[645,666,987,1010]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Villablanca-Miranda y J. Villablanca (21
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FFC1FC32FF692E61" box="[91,176,1018,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CVVM</collectionCode>
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, 21
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FF7FFC32FEF32E61" box="[229,298,1018,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CJVR</collectionCode>
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); 7 ejemplares muertos de: La Serena,
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<date id="FF82103FFFC02025FC93FC32FC512E61" box="[777,904,1018,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" value="2021-09-13">13-IX-2021</date>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FC57FC33FC3B2E61" box="[973,994,1019,1042]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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. Villablanca-Miranda (4
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FF7EFBD2FEE02E41" box="[228,313,1050,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CVVM</collectionCode>
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, 3
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FEC2FBD2FE472E41" box="[344,414,1050,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">CJVR</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336FFFFC02025FFC1FB91FE022EE1" blockId="1.[91,1149,1113,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FFC1FB91FE592E01" bold="true" box="[91,384,1113,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Distribución geográfica.</emphasis>
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En
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<collectingCountry id="F32B766FFFC02025FE2AFB92FE282E01" box="[432,497,1114,1138]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, hasta la fecha solo se conoce de la Provincia de Elqui,
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F81DFFC02025FFC1FBB2FE8C2EE1" box="[91,341,1146,1170]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Región de Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13072A7AFFC02025FEFEFBB2FE172EE1" box="[356,462,1146,1170]" captionStart="Figuras 5-6" captionStartId="3.[91,172,814,836]" captionTargetBox="[95,1137,131,798]" captionTargetId="figure-275@3.[91,1149,120,815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figuras 5-6. Distribución de Trachymela sloanei en la Región de Coquimbo, Chile. 5. Registros regionales. 6. Registros provinciales. / 5. Regional records. 6. Provincial records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13367616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13367616/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336FFFFC02025FFC1FB72FD732C01" blockId="1.[91,1150,1209,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FFC1FB72FE8A2EA1" bold="true" box="[91,339,1209,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Aspectos biológicos.</emphasis>
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Adultos y larvas desarrollan todo su ciclo biológico sobre
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FB99FB72FF542E81" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FB99FB72FBA42EA1" box="[1027,1149,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B0EFFC02025FF06FB12FEEA2E81" author="Selman, B. J." box="[156,307,1242,1266]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" pagination="451 - 454" refId="ref1968" refString="Selman, B. J. (1985) The evolutionary biology and taxonomy of the Australian Eucalyptus beetles. Entomography, 3: 451 - 454." type="journal article" year="1985">Selman 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B0EFFC02025FEA4FB12FE6C2E81" author="Reid, C. A. M." box="[318,437,1242,1266]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref1930" refString="Reid, C. A. M. (2006) Taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa, 1292: 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="2006">Reid 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). Durante el día los adultos permanecen ocultos entre o bajo las cortezas sueltas, mientras que en la noche se alimentan activamente de hojas y tallos tiernos de los árboles (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B0EFFC02025FEC4FAD2FE062F41" author="Paine, T. D." box="[350,479,1306,1330]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" pagination="711 - 730" refId="ref1875" refString="Paine, T. D. (2016) Insects colonizing eucalypts in California. In: Paine, T. D., Lieutier, F. (Eds.), Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 711 - 730." type="book chapter" year="2016">Paine 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). Se desconoce la extensión de su ciclo vital en
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<collectingCountry id="F32B766FFFC02025FC66FAD2FBE42F41" box="[1020,1085,1306,1330]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, pero en California (EE.
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC02025FEB4FAF2FE842F21" box="[302,349,1338,1362]" country="Sweden" name="University of Uppsala" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">UU</collectionCode>
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.), se sabe que el desarrollo desde huevo a adulto tarda cinco semanas bajo condiciones climáticas favorables con varias generaciones por año (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B0EFFC02025FC36FA92FBAB2F01" author="Millar, J. G. & Paine, T. D. & Bethke, J. A. & Garrison, R. W. & Campbell, K. A. & Dreistadt, S. H." box="[940,1138,1370,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref1809" refString="Millar, J. G., Paine, T. D., Bethke, J. A., Garrison, R. W., Campbell, K. A. y Dreistadt, S. H. (2009) Eucalyptus tortoise beetles. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Pest Notes Publication, 74104: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Millar
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FC67FA93FBF32F01" box="[1021,1066,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Observaciones realizadas por los autores evidenciaron que esta especie causa un daño significativo en hojas (
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<figureCitation id="13072A7AFFC02025FEF8FA52FE7A2FC1" box="[354,419,1434,1458]" captionStart="Figuras 1-4" captionStartId="2.[151,232,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[159,1202,522,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-221@2.[159,1202,513,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figuras 1-4. Trachymela sloanei. 1. Ejemplar adulto. 2. Detalle metatibia derecha, vista ventral. 3. Daño en hojas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adulto de T. sloanei cubierto por tela de Steatoda grossa. / 1. Adult specimen. 2. Detail right metatibia, ventral view. 3. Damage to leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adult T. sloanei covered by Steatoda grossa cobwebs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13367614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13367614/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) y brotes de eucalipto, siendo coincidente con lo mencionado por
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B0EFFC02025FF17FA72FEFB2FA1" author="Paine, T. D." box="[141,290,1466,1490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" pagination="711 - 730" refId="ref1875" refString="Paine, T. D. (2016) Insects colonizing eucalypts in California. In: Paine, T. D., Lieutier, F. (Eds.), Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 711 - 730." type="book chapter" year="2016">Paine (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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. Otra interacción biológica observada en las localidades de recolección, donde la principal estrategia de los adultos es refugiarse entre o bajo la corteza suelta de los árboles, lugares que también son frecuentados por la araña sinantrópica
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FC4DFA32FF342C41" authority="(Koch, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Steatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossa">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FC4DFA32FBA42C61" box="[983,1149,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Steatoda grossa</emphasis>
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(Koch, 1838)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FF61F9D2FEBB2C41" box="[251,354,1562,1586]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FEF6F9D2FE2F2C41" box="[364,502,1562,1586]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
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) que ejerce una activa depredación sobre este pequeño crisomélido. Esta relación depredador-presa apunta a que este arácnido es un potencial enemigo natural para esta plaga en el país (
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<figureCitation id="13072A7AFFC02025FDC3F992FD442C01" box="[601,669,1626,1650]" captionStart="Figuras 1-4" captionStartId="2.[151,232,1574,1596]" captionTargetBox="[159,1202,522,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-221@2.[159,1202,513,1556]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figuras 1-4. Trachymela sloanei. 1. Ejemplar adulto. 2. Detalle metatibia derecha, vista ventral. 3. Daño en hojas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adulto de T. sloanei cubierto por tela de Steatoda grossa. / 1. Adult specimen. 2. Detail right metatibia, ventral view. 3. Damage to leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. 4. Adult T. sloanei covered by Steatoda grossa cobwebs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13367614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13367614/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336FFFFC02026FFC1F952FDAB2BA1" blockId="1.[91,1149,1690,1747]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1210,122,466]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="527" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FFC1F952FF242CC1" bold="true" box="[91,253,1690,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Comentarios.</emphasis>
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Se presume que la introducción de
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC02025FD0EF952FCB82CC1" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[660,865,1690,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachymela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sloanei">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC02025FD0EF952FCB82CC1" box="[660,865,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Trachymela sloanei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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es un evento reciente, ya que no hay registros previos de esta especie en
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<collectingCountry id="F32B766FFFC02025FD19F972FD1B2CA1" box="[643,706,1722,1746]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="526">Chile</collectingCountry>
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y en el resto de Sudamérica. Además, la presencia de esta especie exótica en el arbolado urbano de la
|
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F81DFFC32026FC2CFFB2FB602AE1" box="[950,1209,122,146]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">Región de Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
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está acotada a unas pocas localidades de la Provincia de Elqui, donde se le ha observado atacando pequeños rodales de
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC32026FD8BFF72FD1E2AA1" box="[529,711,186,210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="527" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC32026FD8BFF72FD522AA1" box="[529,651,186,210]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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Se hace necesario realizar prospecciones que permitan delimitar su real área de distribución en la región y en el resto del país, estableciendo además cuál es la magnitud del daño que ejerce sobre su hospedante. Esta especie tiene el estatus de plaga cuarentenaria según el Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de
|
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<collectingCountry id="F32B766FFFC32026FF0DFEF2FF0F2B21" box="[151,214,314,338]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">Chile</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE3AFFC32026FF72FEF2FEFD2B21" box="[232,292,314,338]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2vvw-hn58" name="Sammlung von Algenkulturen at Universitat Gottingen" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">SAG</collectionCode>
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). Si bien esta especie no genera grandes pérdidas económicas en el país de origen, los daños ocasionados a los brotes nuevos y hojas causa estrés a los árboles afectados (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B0EFFC32026FF05FEB2FEF82BE1" author="Paine, T. D." box="[159,289,378,402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="527" pagination="711 - 730" refId="ref1875" refString="Paine, T. D. (2016) Insects colonizing eucalypts in California. In: Paine, T. D., Lieutier, F. (Eds.), Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 711 - 730." type="book chapter" year="2016">Paine 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). La introducción accidental de
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC32026FD09FEB3FD232BE1" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[659,762,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachymela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sloanei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC32026FD09FEB3FD232BE1" box="[659,762,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">T. sloanei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
en
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32B766FFFC32026FCB8FEB3FC012BE1" box="[802,984,378,402]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">Nueva Zelanda</collectingCountry>
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ha ocasionado una extensa defoliación en plantaciones forestales de
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D7CFFC32026FD7AFE52FC4D2BC1" box="[736,916,410,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="527" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B948EAEDFFC32026FD7AFE52FC832BC1" box="[736,858,410,434]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
|
spp.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Steven y Mulvey 1977), fenómeno que podría repetirse en
|
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<collectingCountry id="F32B766FFFC32026FDB6FE72FDB72BA1" box="[556,622,442,466]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="527">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document> |