427 lines
56 KiB
XML
427 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="FD1FAA9E9B128869687DF60D936E9DD6" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930600845218" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658001" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617296616303" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Herbert, David G." docDate="2006" docId="039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.40.17-18.1063-1081.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 40 (17 - 18)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930600845218" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gulella fraudator Connolly 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1079" masterDocId="FFACFFA9FF93FF85463D3B1CFFBE8E03" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the type species of Euonyma (Subulinidae) and observations on South African species of Gulella (Streptaxidae), with description of two new species (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata)" masterLastPageNumber="1081" masterPageNumber="1063" pageNumber="1077" updateTime="1698899919083" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FEDD98F4AC95B0ACF706AA840182947B">
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<mods:title id="1AE9549958B66BC49FC1355E551B6F3E">Rediscovery of the type species of Euonyma (Subulinidae) and observations on South African species of Gulella (Streptaxidae), with description of two new species (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8DFD86B30046A0901CAAC458B092E549" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0312B0385263E07B8B8E8199534F7158">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F8B4B0567D50DC9A3D02C7AC24E3828E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EB0BBAE5A84724A52525BBB7B532EFE7">Herbert, David G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A63FD466869D155F6DA4F1500AA6C35E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5C2D0493FA2704A16B3D4391A5A4A648">
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<mods:title id="A723D3ED1F426938D0813284ADEF54B4">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="98D035F8EAA3183E431AA066CC847A1A">
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<mods:date id="8D3F1B51080D6CDDF88B2BC661D99F5B">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B7ECA17A5078E3D3B626120B7CA375A4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="5DB818DA1DACB808D229F5796E839110">2006-08-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D69045552F12922E9A63A2F2537F077E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7339FC42385020EC3B92244154915072">40</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="AB2D18C3EB80CF80BFCD66277AB8E6D4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E5751DB8F230F8D15DC7BB7D5D4F99CD">17 - 18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="C6DAC2D3D16DE5541DB4910FD3A02E36" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="2EF1189F268B9A4FCC0BB81B16EEEE46">1063</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F4CFE556036E014A4D90C78A6F6A096C">1081</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="036F5AF8727D36C9AB46364E9BDA3298">
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<mods:url id="AD124CFA5399DF939840FB82A0DFBF4D">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930600845218</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="EC1F9A6BD4A43C2CC669B32C921CA649">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CF5C9787C18152381AC480D134B2209A" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930600845218</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7E74DFF4C8A1EBF8B4B92B270FD35C6A" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1B2C213E9A765E1BC76736999D5FA4DF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4658001</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1079" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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<subSubSection id="C326654CFF83FF9547F43B95FCD58EA2" box="[457,875,137,161]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9547F43B95FCD58EA2" blockId="16.[138,1185,137,258]" box="[457,875,137,161]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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<heading id="D0CB81ABFF83FF9547F43B95FCD58EA2" box="[457,875,137,161]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF83FF9547F43B95FCD58EA2" ID-CoL="3HLR7" authority="Connolly, 1939" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[457,875,137,161]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
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<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9547F43B95FD148EA2" bold="true" box="[457,682,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Gulella fraudator</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF83FF9544893B95FCD58EA2" author="Connolly M" box="[692,875,137,161]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref7733" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326654CFF83FF95447C3BB5FD468EC2" box="[577,760,169,193]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF95447C3BB5FD468EC2" blockId="16.[138,1185,137,258]" box="[577,760,169,193]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13072A42FF83FF9544753BB5FD4E8EC2" box="[584,752,169,193]" captionStart-0="Figures 24–26" captionStart-1="Figures 27–29" captionStart-2="Figure 30" captionStartId-0="17.[125,194,801,820]" captionStartId-1="18.[138,207,1217,1236]" captionStartId-2="19.[125,185,863,882]" captionTargetBox-0="[130,1169,138,765]" captionTargetBox-1="[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetBox-2="[229,1067,135,828]" captionTargetId-0="figure-335@17.[125,1174,133,765]" captionTargetId-1="figure-93@18.[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetId-2="figure-241@19.[229,1069,133,828]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="Figures 24–26. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (24) Holotype, apertural view, length 2.75 mm. (25) NMSA V8965, length 3.0 mm. (26) Side view, NMSA V8175, length 2.87 mm." captionText-1="Figures 27–29. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (27) Detail of apertural dentition, NMSA V8965. (28) Side view of aperture, NMSA V8175. (29) Umbilical region, NMSA V8965. Scale bars: 250 mm (27); 300 mm (28); 400 mm (29)." captionText-2="Figure 30. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939, distribution: black triangles represent site records; contour at 1000 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658023" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658027" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658029" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4658023/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4658027/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4658029/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Figures 24–30</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C326654CFF83FF9546B73BD6FC8B8F01" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B73BD6FC8B8F01" blockId="16.[138,1185,137,258]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2C11E9FF83FF9546B73BD6FC8B8F01" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D10D6FF83FF9546B73BD6FDFA8EE1" author="Connolly M" box="[138,580,202,226]" page="57" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" year="1939">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF83FF9546B73BD6FDFA8EE1" ID-CoL="3HLR7" authority="Connolly 1939, p 57" authorityName="Connolly" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1939" box="[138,580,202,226]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
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<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546B73BD6FEF88EE1" box="[138,326,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Gulella fraudator</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF83FF95476D3BD6FDBD8EE1" author="Connolly M" box="[336,515,202,226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref7733" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly 1939</bibRefCitation>
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, p 57
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, Plate 2,
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<figureCitation id="13072A42FF83FF95448B3BD6FCA88EE1" box="[694,790,202,226]" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="3.[125,194,994,1013]" captionTargetBox="[207,1089,139,952]" captionTargetId="figure-102@3.[204,1094,133,958]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–3. Euonyma laeocochlis (Melvill and Ponsonby, 1896). (1) Lectotype, BMNH, length 30.4 mm. (2) Livecollected shell, NMSA V8572, length 32.5 mm. (3) Apex of previous, NMSA V8572." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658003/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9D10D6FF83FF95451B3BD6FC4D8EE1" author="Aiken D" box="[806,1011,202,226]" page="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF83FF95451B3BD6FC0F8EE1" author="Aiken D" box="[806,945,202,226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" refId="ref7533" refString="Aiken D. 1995. The Streptaxidae of South Africa. Conchological Society of Southern Africa. (Conchological Society of Southern Africa special publication: Pretoria; 6)." type="book" year="1995">Aiken 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p 10
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF95423D3BD6FB838EE1" box="[1024,1085,202,226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: ‘‘Mbotyi Beach bush’’, E.
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F825FF83FF9547E03BF6FD358F01" box="[477,651,234,258]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32B7657FF83FF9544A43BF6FC8F8F01" box="[665,817,234,258]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C326654CFF83FF9746B73A5AFEA68BC6" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1079" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B73A5AFEE68F5D" blockId="16.[138,344,326,350]" box="[138,344,326,350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546B73A5AFEE68F5D" box="[138,344,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B73A6BFE938FCC" blockId="16.[138,1185,375,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546B73A6BFE928F8C" box="[138,300,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B543C9AFF83FF9547043A6BFE938FCC" collectionCode="BMNH, NMSA" collectorName="W. Falcon" country="South Africa" location="Cape Province" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" specimenCode="T560" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF9547043A6BFE1B8F8C" box="[313,421,375,399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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and two
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<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF9544243A6BFD398F8C" box="[537,647,375,399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF9544A73A6BFD488F8C" box="[666,758,375,399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">BMNH</collectionCode>
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||
1937.12.30.862-5), three
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<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF95420E3A6BFB1F8F8C" box="[1075,1185,375,399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF9546AF3A8BFF578FAC" box="[146,233,407,431]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB9A9EBCFF83FF9546CF3A8BFE8D8FAC" box="[242,307,407,431]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">T560</specimenCode>
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/W1574), ‘‘Mbotyi Beach bush’’, E.
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F825FF83FF9544DA3A8BFC298FAC" box="[743,919,407,431]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32B7657FF83FF9545983A8BFB838FAC" box="[933,1085,407,431]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF9542433A8BFF638FCC" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">W. Falcon</collectorName>
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||
, 1934.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B73AE4FE868D53" blockId="16.[138,1185,504,848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
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||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546B73AE4FEDB8C13" box="[138,357,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Additional material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B543C9AFF83FF95474F3AE4FC618C53" collectingDate="2001-03-05" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="South Africa" county="Mkambati Nature Reserve" latitude="-17.7289" location="Msikaba" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="55.7529" municipality="Super Bowl'" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" specimenCode="V8965" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32B7657FF83FF95474F3AE4FDB68C13" box="[370,520,504,528]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
, E.
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||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F825FF83FF95440F3AE4FDCD8C13" box="[562,627,504,528]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Cape</collectingRegion>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCounty id="62E24E4BFF83FF9544403AE4FC108C13" box="[637,942,504,528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Mkambati Nature Reserve</collectingCounty>
|
||
‘‘
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE7ACBDFF83FF9545823AE4FBEB8C13" box="[959,1109,504,528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Super Bowl’</collectingMunicipality>
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||
’ forest at junction of
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||
<location id="8EE3601CFF83FF9547003904FE1E8C33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896:8EE3601CFF83FF9547003904FE1E8C33" box="[317,416,536,560]" country="South Africa" county="Mkambati Nature Reserve" latitude="-17.7289" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="55.7529" municipality="Super Bowl'" name="Msikaba" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" stateProvince="Western Cape">Msikaba</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EE3601CFF83FF9547D83904FDCD8C33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896:8EE3601CFF83FF9547D83904FDCD8C33" box="[485,627,536,560]" country="South Africa" county="Mkambati Nature Reserve" latitude="-17.7289" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="55.7529" municipality="Super Bowl'" name="Kwadlambu" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" stateProvince="Western Cape">Kwadlambu</location>
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||
rivers, 31
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||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9544CC3904FD458C2C" bold="true" box="[753,763,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF9544C63904FCD68C33" box="[763,872,535,560]" degrees="17.7289" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="5" value="-17.7289">17.7289S</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 29
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9545A53904FC1C8C2C" bold="true" box="[920,930,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95459F3904FBAF8C33" box="[930,1041,535,560]" degrees="55.7529" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="5" value="55.7529">55.7529E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, indigenous forest, in leaf-litter, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF9547873924FDF88C53" box="[442,582,568,592]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">D. Herbert</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF821007FF83FF9544653924FCB48C53" box="[600,778,568,592]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2001-03-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9EFFF83FF9544653924FCB48C53" box="[600,778,568,592]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2001-03-05">5 March 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF95451D3924FCC98C53" box="[800,887,568,592]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9A9EBCFF83FF9545B83924FC668C53" box="[901,984,568,592]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">V8965</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B543C9AFF83FF9545CF3924FDCD8C93" collectingDate="2004-04-30" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert & M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.4229" location="Manteku area" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" specimenCode="W1919" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<location id="8EE3601CFF83FF9545CF3924FB228C53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896:8EE3601CFF83FF9545CF3924FB228C53" box="[1010,1180,568,592]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.4229" name="Manteku area" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" stateProvince="Cape">Manteku area</location>
|
||
, 31
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546953944FF0C8C6C" bold="true" box="[168,178,600,623]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95468F3944FEA08C73" box="[178,286,599,624]" degrees="31.4229" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="5" value="-31.4229">31.4229S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9547713944FEE88C6C" bold="true" box="[332,342,600,623]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
40.35729’E, coastal scarp forest, in leaf-litter, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF95458B3944FB828C73" box="[950,1084,600,624]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">D. Herbert</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF9542433944FF638C93" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">M. Bursey</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF821007FF83FF9546D33964FE278C93" box="[238,409,632,656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2004-04-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9EFFF83FF9546D33964FE278C93" box="[238,409,632,656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2004-04-30">30 April 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF9547903964FDBA8C93" box="[429,516,632,656]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9A9EBCFF83FF95442D3964FDD48C93" box="[528,618,632,656]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">W1919</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B543C9AFF83FF9544B93964FCD78CD3" collectingDate="2004-04-29" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert & M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.01269" location="Mntafufu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="37.06629" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" specimenCode="W1818" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<location id="8EE3601CFF83FF9544B93964FD488C93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896:8EE3601CFF83FF9544B93964FD488C93" box="[644,758,632,656]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.01269" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="37.06629" name="Mntafufu" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" stateProvince="Cape">Mntafufu</location>
|
||
, south side of river, 31
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF95422B3964FB9E8C8C" bold="true" box="[1046,1056,632,655]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95421D3964FB258C93" box="[1056,1179,631,656]" degrees="33.01269" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="1" value="-33.01269">33.01269S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546953984FF0C8CAC" bold="true" box="[168,178,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95468F3984FE8E8CB3" box="[178,304,663,688]" degrees="37.06629" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="1" value="37.06629">37.06629E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, coastal scarp forest, amongst talus and leaf-litter at base of road cutting, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF9546B739A4FEAE8CD3" box="[138,272,696,720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">D. Herbert</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF95476E39A4FE6B8CD3" box="[339,469,696,720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">M. Bursey</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF821007FF83FF9547D839A4FD2E8CD3" box="[485,656,696,720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2004-04-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9EFFF83FF9547D839A4FD2E8CD3" box="[485,656,696,720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2004-04-29">29 April 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF95449939A4FD458CD3" box="[676,763,696,720]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9A9EBCFF83FF95453A39A4FCDF8CD3" box="[775,865,696,720]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">W1818</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B543C9AFF83FF95454739A4FD0B8D13" collectingDate="2005-04-20" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert & L. Davis & M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-49.2169" location="Hluleka Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="18.1829" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" specimenCode="W3457" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<location id="8EE3601CFF83FF95454739A4FB228CD3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896:8EE3601CFF83FF95454739A4FB228CD3" box="[890,1180,696,720]" country="South Africa" latitude="-49.2169" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="18.1829" name="Hluleka Nature Reserve" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" stateProvince="Cape">Hluleka Nature Reserve</location>
|
||
, 31
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF95469539C4FF0C8CEC" bold="true" box="[168,178,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95468F39C4FEA08CF3" box="[178,286,727,752]" degrees="49.2169" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="5" value="-49.2169">49.2169S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF95477439C4FEED8CEC" bold="true" box="[329,339,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95476939C4FE7D8CF3" box="[340,451,727,752]" degrees="18.1829" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="5" value="18.1829">18.1829E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, coastal forest, sorted from leaf-litter leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF95459639C4FB8E8CF3" box="[939,1072,728,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">D. Herbert</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF95420039C4FB1F8CF3" box="[1085,1185,728,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">L. Davis</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF95468039E4FE878D13" box="[189,313,760,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">M. Bursey</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF821007FF83FF95477839E4FE588D13" box="[325,486,760,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2005-04-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9EFFF83FF95477839E4FE588D13" box="[325,486,760,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2005-04-20">20 April 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF9547C839E4FDF28D13" box="[501,588,760,784]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9A9EBCFF83FF95446E39E4FD138D13" box="[595,685,760,784]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">W3457</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B543C9AFF83FF9544FC39E4FE8A8D53" accessionNumber="ELM 14265" collectingDate="2003-08-12" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-9.5539" location="Kumqolo Forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="59.1219" municipality="Xora River" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE7ACBDFF83FF9544FC39E4FC818D13" box="[705,831,760,784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Xora River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
mouth area,
|
||
<location id="8EE3601CFF83FF9545E739E4FB228D13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587D1FF83FF9747F43B95FBA08896:8EE3601CFF83FF9545E739E4FB228D13" box="[986,1180,760,784]" country="South Africa" latitude="-9.5539" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="59.1219" municipality="Xora River" name="Kumqolo Forest" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" stateProvince="Cape">Kumqolo Forest</location>
|
||
, 32
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546953804FF0C8D2C" bold="true" box="[168,178,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95468F3804FEA08D33" box="[178,286,792,816]" degrees="09.5539" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="5" value="-9.5539">09.5539S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9547703804FEE98D2C" bold="true" box="[333,343,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">u</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085000FF83FF95476A3804FE788D33" box="[343,454,792,816]" degrees="59.1219" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" precision="5" value="59.1219">59.1219E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, coastal forest, in leaf-litter, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C95311FF83FF9545643804FC638D33" box="[857,989,792,816]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">M. Bursey</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF821007FF83FF9545DC3804FB1F8D33" box="[993,1185,792,816]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2003-08-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9EFFF83FF9545DC3804FB1F8D33" box="[993,1185,792,816]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" value="2003-08-12">12 August 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF9546AF3824FF6D8D53" box="[146,211,824,848]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">ELM</collectionCode>
|
||
14265)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B73895FE2D8DA2" blockId="16.[138,403,905,929]" box="[138,403,905,929]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546B73895FE2D8DA2" box="[138,403,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B738A6FD7C8A11" blockId="16.[138,1185,954,1042]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
Known only from the coastal hinterland of the Transkei region, E.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F825FF83FF95458938A6FC4A8DD1" box="[948,1012,954,978]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B7657FF83FF95423E38A6FB228DD1" box="[1027,1180,954,978]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
; from Mkambati Nature Reserve in the north, to the vicinity of Xora River mouth in the south (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A42FF83FF9546E638E6FEF08A11" box="[219,334,1018,1042]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="19.[125,185,863,882]" captionTargetBox="[229,1067,135,828]" captionTargetId="figure-241@19.[229,1069,133,828]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 30. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939, distribution: black triangles represent site records; contour at 1000 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658029/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Figure 30</figureCitation>
|
||
); in leaf-litter of coastal forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B73F56FF578A61" blockId="16.[138,233,1098,1122]" box="[138,233,1098,1122]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9546B73F56FF578A61" box="[138,233,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9546B73F67FC388B97" blockId="16.[138,1185,1147,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF83FF9546B73F67FEE08A90" author="Connolly M" box="[138,350,1147,1171]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref7733" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly’s (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF83FF9544343F67FD2E8A90" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[521,656,1147,1171]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9544343F67FD2E8A90" box="[521,656,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">G. fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on a sample collected at Mbotyi by W. Falcon in March, 1934. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF9544793F87FD168AB0" box="[580,680,1179,1203]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF95450E3F87FC1F8AB0" box="[819,929,1179,1203]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF95427A3F87FB1F8AB0" box="[1095,1185,1179,1203]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(1937.12.30.862-5), and three further
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF9544573FA7FD668AD0" box="[618,728,1211,1235]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are present in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE02FF83FF9545EB3FA7FB948AD0" box="[982,1066,1211,1235]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
(W1574/ T560), the latter recently returned from long-term loan. Although a second locality, ‘‘Hole in the Wall’’ (Transkei region, E.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F825FF83FF95442E3FE0FDEB8B17" box="[531,597,1276,1300]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
), was recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF83FF9545103FE0FC758B17" author="Aiken D" box="[813,971,1276,1300]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" refId="ref7533" refString="Aiken D. 1995. The Streptaxidae of South Africa. Conchological Society of Southern Africa. (Conchological Society of Southern Africa special publication: Pretoria; 6)." type="book" year="1995">Aiken (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for which there is no voucher specimen, no further material of the species has been collected and it has remained poorly known. In the absence of reference material,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF83FF9545643E20FB1F8B57" author="Herbert DG & Kilburn RN" box="[857,1185,1340,1364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" refId="ref7780" refString="Herbert DG, Kilburn RN. 2004. Field guide to the land snails and slugs of eastern South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Natal Museum." type="book" year="2004">Herbert and Kilburn (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were unable to adequately discuss the taxon and tentatively postulated that it might represent a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF83FF9547993E60FC3C8B97" authority="(Melvill and Ponsonby, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill and Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[420,898,1404,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF9547993E60FDAB8B97" box="[420,533,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">G. mariae</emphasis>
|
||
(Melvill and Ponsonby, 1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF83FF9446983E81FE158AEF" blockId="16.[138,1185,1147,1685]" lastBlockId="17.[125,1173,912,1682]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1078" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
Recently, regular field visits to the Transkei region of E.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F825FF83FF95451A3E81FCDA8BB6" box="[807,868,1437,1461]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
have brought to light much new streptaxid material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF83FF9547953EA1FD668BD6" author="Bursey M & Herbert DG" box="[424,728,1469,1493]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" pagination="249 - 262" refId="ref7658" refString="Bursey M, Herbert DG. 2004. Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae). African Invertebrates 45: 249 - 262." type="journal article" year="2004">Bursey and Herbert 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including specimens which are clearly referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF83FF95472E3EC1FE258BF6" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[275,411,1501,1525]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF83FF95472E3EC1FE258BF6" box="[275,411,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">G. fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This has been confirmed by comparison with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF9545DD3EC1FBFA8BF6" box="[992,1092,1501,1525]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the recently returned
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF9547663EE1FE738816" box="[347,461,1533,1557]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Connolly’s figure of the species, though accurate, is typically small and I take this opportunity to refigure the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878865FF83FF9544C03D01FCDF8836" box="[765,865,1565,1589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A42FF83FF9545453D01FC548836" box="[888,1002,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figures 24–26" captionStartId="17.[125,194,801,820]" captionTargetBox="[130,1169,138,765]" captionTargetId="figure-335@17.[125,1174,133,765]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figures 24–26. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (24) Holotype, apertural view, length 2.75 mm. (25) NMSA V8965, length 3.0 mm. (26) Side view, NMSA V8175, length 2.87 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658023/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||
) and illustrate additional features using the recently collected material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A42FF83FF95457B3D21FC4F8856" box="[838,1009,1597,1621]" captionStart-0="Figures 24–26" captionStart-1="Figures 27–29" captionStartId-0="17.[125,194,801,820]" captionStartId-1="18.[138,207,1217,1236]" captionTargetBox-0="[130,1169,138,765]" captionTargetBox-1="[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetId-0="figure-335@17.[125,1174,133,765]" captionTargetId-1="figure-93@18.[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="Figures 24–26. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (24) Holotype, apertural view, length 2.75 mm. (25) NMSA V8965, length 3.0 mm. (26) Side view, NMSA V8175, length 2.87 mm." captionText-1="Figures 27–29. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (27) Detail of apertural dentition, NMSA V8965. (28) Side view of aperture, NMSA V8175. (29) Umbilical region, NMSA V8965. Scale bars: 250 mm (27); 300 mm (28); 400 mm (29)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658023" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658027" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4658023/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4658027/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1077">Figures 25–29</figureCitation>
|
||
). The original description of the species is adequate and redescription is unwarranted, although it is puzzling that Connolly treated the species in his Group 4iia, comprising species with five-fold dentition, when, as he himself indicated, the species has six-fold dentition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A42FF82FF9446B838ADFF448DCA" box="[133,250,945,969]" captionStart="Figures 27–29" captionStartId="18.[138,207,1217,1236]" captionTargetBox="[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-93@18.[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 27–29. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (27) Detail of apertural dentition, NMSA V8965. (28) Side view of aperture, NMSA V8175. (29) Umbilical region, NMSA V8965. Scale bars: 250 mm (27); 300 mm (28); 400 mm (29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658027/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). He also did not comment on the weak but distinct subsutural riblets, noting only ‘‘growth wrinkles’’. He did, however, observe that the latter become more regular and stronger behind the outer lip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A42FF82FF9447D538EDFDE48A0A" box="[488,602,1009,1033]" captionStart="Figures 27–29" captionStartId="18.[138,207,1217,1236]" captionTargetBox="[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-93@18.[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 27–29. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (27) Detail of apertural dentition, NMSA V8965. (28) Side view of aperture, NMSA V8175. (29) Umbilical region, NMSA V8965. Scale bars: 250 mm (27); 300 mm (28); 400 mm (29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658027/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) and on the base, around the umbilical margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A42FF82FF9446B83F0EFF448A29" box="[133,250,1042,1066]" captionStart="Figures 27–29" captionStartId="18.[138,207,1217,1236]" captionTargetBox="[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-93@18.[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 27–29. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (27) Detail of apertural dentition, NMSA V8965. (28) Side view of aperture, NMSA V8175. (29) Umbilical region, NMSA V8965. Scale bars: 250 mm (27); 300 mm (28); 400 mm (29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658027/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Figure 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). In side view the base itself shows a distinct concavity and basal heel behind the reflected basal lip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A42FF82FF94475E3F2EFE668A49" box="[355,472,1074,1098]" captionStart="Figures 27–29" captionStartId="18.[138,207,1217,1236]" captionTargetBox="[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-93@18.[138,1187,133,1181]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 27–29. Gulella fraudator Connolly, 1939. (27) Detail of apertural dentition, NMSA V8965. (28) Side view of aperture, NMSA V8175. (29) Umbilical region, NMSA V8965. Scale bars: 250 mm (27); 300 mm (28); 400 mm (29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658027/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Using the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF94444C3F2EFD018A49" box="[625,703,1074,1098]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF94444C3F2EFD018A49" box="[625,703,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Gulella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subdivisions proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF82FF94423F3F2EFE8D8A68" author="Herbert DG & Kilburn RN" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" refId="ref7780" refString="Herbert DG, Kilburn RN. 2004. Field guide to the land snails and slugs of eastern South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Natal Museum." type="book" year="2004">Herbert and Kilburn (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9447023F4FFE768A68" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[319,456,1107,1131]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9447023F4FFE768A68" box="[319,456,1107,1131]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">G. fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs within Group 8B, but it should be noted that there is some variability in the shape of the labral and columella teeth. Connolly gave the dimensions of the species as length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B22FF82FF9444093F88FD238AAF" box="[564,669,1172,1196]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="2.75">2.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B22FF82FF9444C13F88FCE88AAF" box="[764,854,1172,1196]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but measurements of the additional material range as follows: length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B22FF82FF9444B23FA8FC848ACF" box="[655,826,1204,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="2.79" valueMax="3.05" valueMin="2.53">2.53–3.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B22FF82FF9445A53FA8FB8A8ACF" box="[920,1076,1204,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.37" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="1.37" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.24">1.24–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, length: width 1.86–2.17 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF94476D3FC9FED88AEF" box="[336,358,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">N</emphasis>
|
||
512).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43664FFF82FF944640383DFCA18D4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658023/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" startId="17.[125,194,801,820]" targetBox="[130,1169,138,765]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF82FF944640383DFCA18D4D" blockId="17.[125,1172,801,846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">
|
||
Figures 24–26.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF944728383DFDF58D37" authority="Connolly, 1939" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[277,587,801,820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF944728383DFE128D37" box="[277,428,801,820]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Gulella fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF82FF944789383DFDF58D37" author="Connolly M" box="[436,587,801,820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref7733" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (24) Holotype, apertural view, length 2.75 mm. (25) NMSA V8965, length 3.0 mm. (26) Side view, NMSA V8175, length 2.87 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF82FF9746A53FE9FE468B77" blockId="17.[125,1173,912,1682]" lastBlockId="18.[138,1185,1340,1396]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="1079" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">
|
||
The taxon is clearly distinct and not a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9444C83FE9FCD88B0E" baseAuthorityName="Melvill and Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[757,870,1269,1293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9444C83FE9FCD88B0E" box="[757,870,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">G. mariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF82FF94459D3FE9FF008B2D" author="Herbert DG & Kilburn RN" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" refId="ref7780" refString="Herbert DG, Kilburn RN. 2004. Field guide to the land snails and slugs of eastern South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Natal Museum." type="book" year="2004">Herbert and Kilburn 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That species lacks subsutural riblets and has a much weaker labral tooth complex, a less oblique parietal lamella, and a less elongate columella tooth. This broad, flat-topped tooth in the middle of the columella lip is one of the more distinctive characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF94424A3E4BFF5C8B8C" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF94424A3E4BFF5C8B8C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">G. fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Few southern African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9447CF3E6BFDFE8B8C" box="[498,576,1399,1423]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9447CF3E6BFDFE8B8C" box="[498,576,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Gulella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species share this feature and those that do differ in other respects. Perhaps the most similar species are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9444EE3E8BFF7B8BD3" authority="(Melvill and Ponsonby, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill and Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="himerothales">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9444EE3E8BFCC08BAC" box="[723,894,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">G. himerothales</emphasis>
|
||
(Melvill and Ponsonby, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9446ED3EA4FDA28BD3" authority="Connolly, 1932" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1932" box="[208,540,1464,1488]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rumpiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9446ED3EA4FEE08BD3" box="[208,350,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">G. rumpiana</emphasis>
|
||
Connolly, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9444653EA4FC258BD3" authority="Connolly, 1932" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1932" box="[600,923,1464,1488]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="contraria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9444653EA4FD638BD3" box="[600,733,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">G. contraria</emphasis>
|
||
Connolly, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but all are noticeably larger than
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9447293EC4FD1D8BF3" box="[276,675,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9447293EC4FE158BF3" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[276,427,1496,1520]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">G. fraudator</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9447823EC4FD1D8BF3" baseAuthorityName="Melvill and Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[447,675,1496,1520]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="himerothales">Gulella himerothales</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B22FF82FF9445513EC4FC778BF3" box="[876,969,1496,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), from southern KwaZulu-Natal and E. Cape, has a labral complex in the form of two clearly distinct teeth, a more ridge-like basal tooth which is situated nearer to the columella, and a mamillate columella lamella.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF9447613D25FDA18852" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1932" box="[348,543,1593,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rumpiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF9447613D25FDA18852" box="[348,543,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Gulella rumpiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B22FF82FF9444ED3D25FC938852" box="[720,813,1593,1617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), from the E. Cape/KwaZulu- Natal border, has an even broader columella tooth, and lacks subsutural riblets.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF82FF94427B3D46FF608891" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1932" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="contraria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF82FF94427B3D46FF608891" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078">Gulella contraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B22FF82FF9447A83D66FE4F8891" box="[405,497,1658,1682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), from afromontane forests in northern KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B7657FF81FF9747493E20FE538B57" box="[372,493,1340,1364]" name="Swaziland" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, likewise lacks subsutural riblets and has a labral tooth complex of very different form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43664FFF81FF9746B73FDDFF078B0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4658027/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" startId="18.[138,207,1217,1236]" targetBox="[138,1187,133,1181]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF81FF9746B73FDDFF078B0A" blockId="18.[138,1185,1217,1289]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">
|
||
Figures 27–29.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF81FF9747233FDDFDF48AD7" authority="Connolly, 1939" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[286,586,1217,1236]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF81FF9747233FDDFE0C8AD7" box="[286,434,1217,1236]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">Gulella fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF81FF97478A3FDDFDF48AD7" author="Connolly M" box="[439,586,1217,1236]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref7733" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (27) Detail of apertural dentition, NMSA V8965. (28) Side view of aperture, NMSA V8175. (29) Umbilical region, NMSA V8965. Scale bars: 250 mm (27); 300 mm (28); 400 mm (29).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF81FF9746B73EB1FEA68BC6" blockId="18.[138,280,1453,1477]" box="[138,280,1453,1477]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF81FF9746B73EB1FEA68BC6" box="[138,280,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326654CFF81FF9746B73EC2FBA08896" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336C7FF81FF9746B73EC2FBA08896" blockId="18.[138,1185,1502,1685]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF81FF9746B73EC2FEF78BF5" ID-CoL="3HLR7" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[138,329,1502,1526]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF81FF9746B73EC2FEF78BF5" box="[138,329,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">Gulella fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an element of the endemic subtropical/warm-temperate subtraction zone fauna characteristic of the Transkei region, E.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F825FF81FF9745343EE1FCF48816" box="[777,842,1533,1557]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Such species typically have narrow distribution ranges and frequently meet the IUCN criteria for red-listing. Issues relevant to the conservation of these species have been discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF81FF97458A3D21FF608876" author="Bursey M & Herbert DG" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" pagination="249 - 262" refId="ref7658" refString="Bursey M, Herbert DG. 2004. Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae). African Invertebrates 45: 249 - 262." type="journal article" year="2004">Bursey and Herbert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF81FF9747D93D41FDCC8876" ID-CoL="3HLR7" authorityName="Connolly" authorityYear="1939" box="[484,626,1629,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF81FF9747D93D41FDCC8876" box="[484,626,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">G. fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D44FF81FF9745433D41FE8A8896" ID-CoL="6KTKS" authority="Bursey and Herbert, 2004" authorityName="Bursey and Herbert" authorityYear="2004" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="latimerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAD5FF81FF9745433D41FBB28876" box="[894,1036,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079">G. latimerae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B36FF81FF9742243D41FE8A8896" author="Bursey M & Herbert DG" pageId="18" pageNumber="1079" pagination="249 - 262" refId="ref7658" refString="Bursey M, Herbert DG. 2004. Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae). African Invertebrates 45: 249 - 262." type="journal article" year="2004">Bursey and Herbert, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it ranges slightly further northward than that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |