498 lines
62 KiB
XML
498 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="94629CF9F095BA246415711B25AE7DD4">Hidden in the hills: phylogeny of the freshwater mussel genus Alasmidonta (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF5B337E4BB3DF26BECC120A3A216F3C">Johnson, Nathan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5C6F922F7EE46A82A3AD50D24DA4C41">Beaver, Caitlin E.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD8FFC4FF5CFAE9E7E7BE8B" ID-CoL="7NNFN" ID-ENA="52386" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1818" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FF57F9A6E7AFBD15" box="[162,393,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">Material examined</emphasis>
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1675684
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,
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,
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; latitude 35.4782
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, longitude: −79.9584
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;
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<collectorName id="26C9530CFFD8FFC4FED0F9D8E7BABD86" box="[293,412,1658,1679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">J.W. Mays</collectorName>
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,
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;
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<collectingDate id="EFC6E9F2FFD8FFC4FDBBF9D8E520BD86" box="[590,774,1658,1679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" value="2020-08-31">31 August 2020</collectingDate>
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; shell and whole body, minus a small clip of the mantle, preserved in 100% ethanol; shell width =
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, shell height =
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. GenBank
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,
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,
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and
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(
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<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD8FFC4FE28F956E408BC03" box="[477,558,1780,1802]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-321@22.[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 8. Type series for Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. A, holotype, USNM 1675684. B, paratype, USNM 1675686. C, paratype, USNM 1675687. D,E, paratype, USNM 1675683. F, G, paratype, USNM 1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FF57F896E713BC40" box="[162,309,1844,1865]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">Paratypes:</emphasis>
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U S N M 1 6 7 5 6 8 3: Barnes Creek, Montgomery County, NC,
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; latitude 35.4782
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<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FD0FF8F0E522BC6E" bold="true" box="[762,772,1874,1895]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
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||
, longitude −79.9584
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FBDEFBB4E213BF22" bold="true" box="[1067,1077,1046,1067]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W Mays, M.A. Perkins;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD8FFC4FA73FBB5E5EBBF43" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" value="2020-08-31">31 August 2020</date>
|
||
; shell preserved dry; whole body removed by cut of adductor muscles and gentle removal of mantle from shell, both preserved in 100% ethanol; shell width =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FC2FFB33E201BFAE" box="[986,1063,1169,1191]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="5.4">5.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
, shell height =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FB2FFB33E30FBFAE" box="[1242,1321,1169,1191]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="3.1">3.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
. GenBank ON164868, ON157855, ON164932 and ON197380 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD8FFC4FCB6FB6DE5E6BFED" box="[835,960,1231,1253]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="21.[145,225,915,937]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,891]" captionTargetId="figure-450@21.[305,1265,195,891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 7. Images showing pseudocardinal teeth of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. Arrows point to pseudocardinal teeth. A, USNM 1675683, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. B, USNM 1675683, right valve, umbo away from camera. C, USNM 1675683, right valve, umbo towards camera. D, USNM 1675685, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. E, USNM 1675685, right valve, umbo away from camera. F, USNM 1675685, right valve, umbo towards camera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011175/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">Figs 7A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD8FFC4FC3AFB6DE237BFED" box="[975,1041,1231,1252]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-321@22.[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 8. Type series for Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. A, holotype, USNM 1675684. B, paratype, USNM 1675686. C, paratype, USNM 1675687. D,E, paratype, USNM 1675683. F, G, paratype, USNM 1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD8FFC4FBDCFB6DE25CBFED" box="[1065,1146,1231,1252]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675685: Barnes Creek, Montgomery County, NC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFD8FFC4FB88FB4FE291BE0B" box="[1149,1207,1261,1282]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
; latitude 35.4344
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FA67FB4FE3BABE0B" bold="true" box="[1426,1436,1261,1282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.9999
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FBDFFAAEE212BE28" bold="true" box="[1066,1076,1292,1313]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays, M.A. Perkins;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD8FFC4FA73FAAEE5F6BE49" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" value="2020-08-31">31 August 2020</date>
|
||
; whole body removed by cut of adductor muscles and gentle removal of mantle from shell, both preserved in 100% ethanol; shell width =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FAE0FACAE347BE74" box="[1301,1377,1384,1406]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, shell height =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FC5FFA25E226BE95" box="[938,1024,1415,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="2.4">2.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
. GenBank ON157857, ON164934 and ON197382 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD8FFC4FC0AFA07E25FBEB2" box="[1023,1145,1445,1467]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="21.[145,225,915,937]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,195,891]" captionTargetId="figure-450@21.[305,1265,195,891]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 7. Images showing pseudocardinal teeth of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. Arrows point to pseudocardinal teeth. A, USNM 1675683, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. B, USNM 1675683, right valve, umbo away from camera. C, USNM 1675683, right valve, umbo towards camera. D, USNM 1675685, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. E, USNM 1675685, right valve, umbo away from camera. F, USNM 1675685, right valve, umbo towards camera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011175/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">Figs 7D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD8FFC4FB7DFA07E2E0BEB3" box="[1160,1222,1445,1467]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-321@22.[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 8. Type series for Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. A, holotype, USNM 1675684. B, paratype, USNM 1675686. C, paratype, USNM 1675687. D,E, paratype, USNM 1675683. F, G, paratype, USNM 1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD8FFC4FB2BFA07E309BEB3" box="[1246,1327,1445,1466]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675686: Densons Creek, Montgomery County, NC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFD8FFC4FA97FA66E3BABED0" box="[1378,1436,1476,1497]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
; latitude 35.3927
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FBF6FA40E22BBEFE" bold="true" box="[1027,1037,1506,1527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8778
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FAFDFA40E334BEFE" bold="true" box="[1288,1298,1506,1527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays, M.A. Perkins;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD8FFC4FC17F9A3E2BABD1F" box="[994,1180,1537,1558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" value="2020-08-30">30 August 2020</date>
|
||
; shell and whole body, minus a small clip of the mantle, preserved in 100% ethanol; shell width =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FBB3F99CE2B0BD5D" box="[1094,1174,1598,1620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="6.6">6.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
, shell height =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FABBF99DE3B8BD5D" box="[1358,1438,1599,1620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="3.8">3.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
. GenBank ON164870, ON157858, ON164935 and ON197383 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD8FFC4FC31F9DEE230BD98" box="[964,1046,1660,1682]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-321@22.[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 8. Type series for Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. A, holotype, USNM 1675684. B, paratype, USNM 1675686. C, paratype, USNM 1675687. D,E, paratype, USNM 1675683. F, G, paratype, USNM 1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD8FFC4FBDEF9DEE25DBD98" box="[1067,1147,1660,1681]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675687: Densons Creek, Montgomery County, NC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFD8FFC4FB88F939E291BDB9" box="[1149,1207,1691,1712]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
; latitude 35.3927
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FA67F938E3BABDA6" bold="true" box="[1426,1436,1690,1711]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8778
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD8FFC4FBDFF91BE212BDC7" bold="true" box="[1066,1076,1721,1742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays, M.A. Perkins;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD8FFC4FA73F91BE5F1BDE4" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" value="2020-08-30">30 August 2020</date>
|
||
; shell and whole body, minus a small clip of the mantle, preserved in 100% ethanol; shell width =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FC51F8B7E5DDBC22" box="[932,1019,1813,1835]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="5.9">5.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
, shell height =
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD8FFC4FB33F8B7E33BBC22" box="[1222,1309,1813,1835]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="670" unit="cm" value="3.3">3.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
. GenBank ON164871, ON157859, ON164936 and ON197384 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD8FFC4FCB6F8F0E5B3BC61" box="[835,917,1874,1896]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-321@22.[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 8. Type series for Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. A, holotype, USNM 1675684. B, paratype, USNM 1675686. C, paratype, USNM 1675687. D,E, paratype, USNM 1675683. F, G, paratype, USNM 1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="670">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF436652FFD9FFC5FF64FC31E35EBF08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8011175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011175/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" startId="21.[145,225,915,937]" targetBox="[305,1265,195,891]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFD9FFC5FF64FC31E35EBF08" blockId="21.[145,1425,915,1025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FF64FC31E6DAB8A1" bold="true" box="[145,252,915,937]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Images showing pseudocardinal teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD9FFC5FD37FC31E5C7B8A0" authority="Whelan & Johnson & Ashantye & Williams & Perkins & Beaver & Mays, 2023" authorityName="Whelan & Johnson & Ashantye & Williams & Perkins & Beaver & Mays" authorityYear="2023" box="[706,993,915,937]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uaeharriensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FD37FC31E5C7B8A0" box="[706,993,915,937]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Alasmidonta uwharriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57B3FFD9FFC5FC1CFC31E211B8A0" box="[1001,1079,915,937]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Arrows point to pseudocardinal teeth. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD9FFC5FF04FC12E71CB8CF" box="[241,314,944,966]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675683, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD9FFC5FC52FC12E5D6B8CF" box="[935,1008,944,966]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675683, right valve, umbo away from camera. C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD9FFC5FEFDFC6CE777B8ED" box="[264,337,974,996]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675683, right valve, umbo towards camera. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD9FFC5FCADFC6CE587B8ED" box="[856,929,974,996]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675685, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD9FFC5FEF0FC49E768BF08" box="[261,334,1003,1025]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675685, right valve, umbo away from camera. F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFD9FFC5FCAFFC49E585BF08" box="[858,931,1003,1025]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675685, right valve, umbo towards camera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFD9FFC5FF7AFB97E404BD5A" blockId="21.[143,761,1077,1620]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FF7AFB97E787BF43" box="[143,417,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Othermaterialexamined:</emphasis>
|
||
MontgomeryCounty, NC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFD9FFC5FD48FB97E4D2BF43" box="[701,756,1077,1098]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (1) NCSM 102780, Densons Creek; one paired dry bivalve; latitude 35.3939
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FEB2FBD0E777BF8E" bold="true" box="[327,337,1138,1159]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8797
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FDC0FBD0E419BF8E" bold="true" box="[565,575,1138,1159]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.M. Alderman, J.A. Johnson;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FEDEFB32E7E7BFAF" box="[299,449,1168,1190]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2000-06-15">15 June 2000</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD9FFC5FE25FB33E406BFAF" box="[464,544,1168,1191]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="20.[162,245,899,921]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,872]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[322,1282,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 6. External Ʋieae of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. shell from across its range. A, NCSM 102870 from Densons Creek. B, NCSM 47178 from Densons Creek. C, NCSM 29538 from Barnes Creek. D, NCSM 45651 from Densons Creek." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011173/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); (2) NCSM 45651, Densons Creek; one whole specimen in ethanol; latitude 35.3925
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FF10FB6CE6C8BFEA" bold="true" box="[229,238,1230,1251]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8768
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FE3CFB6CE7F4BFEA" bold="true" box="[457,466,1230,1251]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.M. Alderman, N. Medlin;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FF7AFB4EE73EBE0B" box="[143,280,1260,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2006-06-05">5 June 2006</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD9FFC5FEDDFB4EE75FBE0B" box="[296,377,1260,1282]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="20.[162,245,899,921]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,872]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[322,1282,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 6. External Ʋieae of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. shell from across its range. A, NCSM 102870 from Densons Creek. B, NCSM 47178 from Densons Creek. C, NCSM 29538 from Barnes Creek. D, NCSM 45651 from Densons Creek." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011173/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); (3) NCSM 29538, Barnes Creek; one whole wet specimen in ethanol; latitude 35.4400
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FD12FAA9E4D7BE29" bold="true" box="[743,753,1291,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.9994
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FE93FA88E756BE36" bold="true" box="[358,368,1322,1343]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; C.B. Eads, P. Hubert, E. Schubert;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FF7AFAEBE717BE57" box="[143,305,1352,1374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2004-03-29">29 March 2004</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD9FFC5FECBFAEAE7ADBE57" box="[318,395,1352,1374]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetId="figure-321@22.[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 8. Type series for Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. A, holotype, USNM 1675684. B, paratype, USNM 1675686. C, paratype, USNM 1675687. D,E, paratype, USNM 1675683. F, G, paratype, USNM 1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
); (4) NCSM 47178, Barnes Creek; three paired dry bivalves; latitude 35.4729
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FD80FAC5E459BE75" bold="true" box="[629,639,1383,1404]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.9741
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FF0EFA24E723BE92" bold="true" box="[251,261,1414,1435]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; C.B. Eads, R.A. Harrington;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FD91FA24E4D1BE92" box="[612,759,1414,1436]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2010-04-01">1 April 2010</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFD9FFC5FF62FA06E6CFBEB3" box="[151,233,1444,1466]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="20.[162,245,899,921]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,872]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[322,1282,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 6. External Ʋieae of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. shell from across its range. A, NCSM 102870 from Densons Creek. B, NCSM 47178 from Densons Creek. C, NCSM 29538 from Barnes Creek. D, NCSM 45651 from Densons Creek." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011173/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
); (5) NCSM 33169, Densons Creek; one paired dry bivalve; latitude 35.3870
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FE1DFA61E7D4BED1" bold="true" box="[488,498,1475,1496]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8678
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FD12FA61E4D7BED1" bold="true" box="[743,753,1475,1496]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; E.P. Keferl;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FEE2FA40E78ABEFE" box="[279,428,1506,1528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="1987-07-28">28 July 1987</date>
|
||
. Randolph County, NC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFD9FFC5FD49FA40E4D2BEFE" box="[700,756,1506,1527]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (6) NCSM 29435, Little River; one paired dry bivalve; latitude 35.5737
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FEB6F9BDE76ABD3D" bold="true" box="[323,332,1567,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8415
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FDD9F9BDE413BD3D" bold="true" box="[556,565,1567,1588]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; A.E. Bogan, J.M. Smith, M.E. Raley;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FE96F99CE439BD5A" box="[355,543,1598,1620]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2004-01-16">16 January 2004</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFD9FFC5FF7AF9DEE3B6BEB3" blockId="21.[143,760,1660,1897]" lastBlockId="21.[807,1424,1076,1466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FF7AF9DEE752BDB9" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Non-lethal tissue swabs were collected from the following localities:</emphasis>
|
||
Montgomery County, NC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFD9FFC5FD4EF939E4D2BDB9" box="[699,756,1691,1712]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (1) Densons Creek (three individuals); latitude 35.3864
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FF1AF97AE6DFBDE4" bold="true" box="[239,249,1752,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8679
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FE03F97AE426BDE4" bold="true" box="[502,512,1752,1773]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FD68F97BE6ECBC05" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2017-07-19">19 July 2017</date>
|
||
; GenBank ON164904–ON164906, ON157893– ON157895, ON164967–ON164969 and ON197415– ON197417; (2) Dumas Creek (two individuals); latitude 35.3938
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FEADF8F1E744BC61" bold="true" box="[344,354,1875,1896]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.8972
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FDA9F8F1E440BC61" bold="true" box="[604,614,1875,1896]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FCD2FB96E5F2BF43" box="[807,980,1076,1098]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2017-07-25">25 July 2017</date>
|
||
; GenBank ON164910, ON164911, ON157897, ON157898, ON164971, ON164972, ON197419 and ON197420; (3) Barnes Creek (four individuals); latitude 35.4798
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FB71FB32E2A8BFAC" bold="true" box="[1156,1166,1168,1189]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.9527
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FA8AFB32E3AFBFAC" bold="true" box="[1407,1417,1168,1189]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FC48FB0DE24EBFCD" box="[957,1128,1199,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2017-07-20">20 July 2017</date>
|
||
; GenBank ON164912– ON164914, ON157899–ON157902, ON164973– ON164975, ON197421 and ON197422; Randloph County, NC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFD9FFC5FC41FAA9E5CABE29" box="[948,1004,1291,1312]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (4) Hannah’s Creek (one individual); latitude 35.5846
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FC05FA88E5DCBE36" bold="true" box="[1008,1018,1322,1343]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.9434
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FB01FA88E2D8BE36" bold="true" box="[1268,1278,1322,1343]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FCD2FAEBE5E3BE57" box="[807,965,1352,1374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2017-07-17">17 July 2017</date>
|
||
; GenBank ON157909, ON164983 and ON197429; (5) Tom’s Creek (one individual); latitude 35.6399
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FC72FA24E5B7BE92" bold="true" box="[903,913,1414,1435]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
, longitude −79.9792
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FB7BFA24E2BEBE92" bold="true" box="[1166,1176,1414,1435]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">°</emphasis>
|
||
; J.W. Mays;
|
||
<date id="FF82101AFFD9FFC5FAC0FA24E546BEB0" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" value="2017-07-17">17 July 2017</date>
|
||
; GenBank ON157910, ON164984 and ON197430.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266551FFD9FFC6FCD2FA5BE41EBDC0" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="672" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFD9FFC5FCD2FA5BE586BD19" blockId="21.[807,928,1529,1552]" box="[807,928,1529,1552]" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FCD2FA5BE586BD19" box="[807,928,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFD9FFC6FCD2F9E3E41EBDC0" blockId="21.[807,1425,1601,1898]" lastBlockId="22.[163,780,1317,1737]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="672" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFD9FFC5FCD2F9E3E54CBD5F" box="[807,874,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="671">Shell:</emphasis>
|
||
Subovate shell, umbo moderately inflated and projecting slightly above hinge line. Specimens examined not exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD9FFC5FC35F9DCE221BD9A" box="[960,1031,1662,1684]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" unit="cm" value="6.6">6.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B3FFFD9FFC5FB56F9DCE2CFBD9A" box="[1187,1257,1662,1683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="671" unit="cm" value="3.8">3.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
in shell height. Hinge ligament broad, thick and strong. Shell thickness moderate to thin, but not delicate. Periostracum of adults extremely eroded at umbo, erosion extending down posterior ridge to include as much as one-third of shell in some individuals. Shell base colour light brown to yellow; pigmentation rays numerous, green to brown and variable in width and number when present, sometimes obscured by dark periostracum in older individuals especially on anterior of shell. Ornamentation and corrugations of shell variable; weakly pronounced corrugations appearing on posterior slope when present, but absent in some individuals. A single lateral tooth present, small, slender and poorly developed, indented on right valve. Prominent, hooked pseudocardinal tooth on right valve, bending anteriorly. Moderately prominent pseudocardinal tooth on left valve, not hooked, but projecting slightly towards posterior. Pseudocardinal teeth lacking serration. Adductor muscles placed high and wide on shell, with anterior adductor nearly on anterior edge of shell. No obvious sexual dimorphism in shell shape. No obvious geographical variation in shell shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF436652FFDAFFC6FF57FB02E566BFF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8011177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" startId="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" targetBox="[322,1282,195,1155]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFDAFFC6FF57FB02E566BFF8" blockId="22.[162,1443,1184,1265]" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FF57FB02E72ABFBC" bold="true" box="[162,268,1184,1206]" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Type series for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FE49FB02E4FEBFBF" authority="Whelan & Johnson & Ashantye & Williams & Perkins & Beaver & Mays, 2023" authorityName="Whelan & Johnson & Ashantye & Williams & Perkins & Beaver & Mays" authorityYear="2023" box="[444,728,1184,1206]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uaeharriensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FE49FB02E4FEBFBF" box="[444,728,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Alasmidonta uwharriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57B3FFDAFFC6FD2AFB02E50ABFBF" box="[735,812,1184,1206]" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FC40FB02E5D8BFBF" box="[949,1022,1184,1206]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675684. B, paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FB06FB02E31ABFBF" box="[1267,1340,1184,1206]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675686. C, paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FEDCFB1FE754BFDA" box="[297,370,1213,1235]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675687. D,E, paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FD89FB1FE4E3BFDA" box="[636,709,1213,1235]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675683. F, G, paratype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FC27FB1FE23DBFDA" box="[978,1051,1213,1235]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Usnm" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">USNM</taxonomicName>
|
||
1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266551FFDAFFC6FF56F958E24DBEBD" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFDAFFC6FF56F958E24DBEBD" blockId="22.[163,779,1786,1900]" lastBlockId="22.[827,1443,1316,1461]" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FF56F958E7FDBC06" box="[163,475,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
Narrow-range endemic, occupying tributaries that flow into the east side of the upper Pee Dee River drainage. The known range is in the Uwharrie Mountains region in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F838FFDAFFC6FDA0F8F4E521BC65" box="[597,775,1878,1900]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, mostly in the Uwharrie National Forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFDAFFC6FAECFA86E37CBE33" box="[1305,1370,1316,1338]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[145,223,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[147,1423,197,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-298@3.[145,1425,195,1095]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Terrain map of survey locations and the known range of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. Red stream segments indicate the known range of the species from element occurrence data (North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences records) with ~1 km up- and downstream buffers. Black circles indicate survey locations where the species has not been recorded. Green shading represents conserved or protected land boundaries; grey shading represents developed areas. Inset A, the boundaries of North Carolina and surrounding states (grey shading represents the Yadkin–Pee Dee River basin; red shading represents the Uwharrie and Little River watersheds). Inset B, an example of typical habitat preferred by the species in Barnes Creek (September 2020; photograph credit M. A. Perkins)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011163/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species appears to prefer a heterogeneous mixture of gravel, cobble and sand in second- to fourth-order streams and rivers with high water quality and low to moderate gradient (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFDAFFC6FBE8FA3DE27ABEBD" box="[1053,1116,1439,1461]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[145,223,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[147,1423,197,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-298@3.[145,1425,195,1095]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Terrain map of survey locations and the known range of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. Red stream segments indicate the known range of the species from element occurrence data (North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences records) with ~1 km up- and downstream buffers. Black circles indicate survey locations where the species has not been recorded. Green shading represents conserved or protected land boundaries; grey shading represents developed areas. Inset A, the boundaries of North Carolina and surrounding states (grey shading represents the Yadkin–Pee Dee River basin; red shading represents the Uwharrie and Little River watersheds). Inset B, an example of typical habitat preferred by the species in Barnes Creek (September 2020; photograph credit M. A. Perkins)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011163/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266551FFDAFFC6FCCEFA6CE20FBD57" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFDAFFC6FCCEFA6CE20FBD57" blockId="22.[827,1443,1486,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FCCEFA6CE256BEEA" box="[827,1136,1486,1507]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Molecular characterization:</emphasis>
|
||
Comprises a monophyletic group sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FC1BFA4FE249BD0B" box="[1006,1135,1517,1538]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FC1BFA4FE249BD0B" box="[1006,1135,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">A. varicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with private ITS1 alleles and unique
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FC33F9A9E5D3BD29" box="[966,1013,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">COI</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FBC5F9A9E243BD29" box="[1072,1125,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">ND1</emphasis>
|
||
haplotypes. Approximately 7.4% uncorrected genetic distance at mitochondrial loci from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FC50F9EBE205BD57" box="[933,1059,1609,1630]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FC50F9EBE205BD57" box="[933,1059,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">A. varicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266551FFDAFFC6FCCEF9DDE5D9BC65" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFDAFFC6FCCEF9DDE5D9BC65" blockId="22.[827,1442,1663,1900]" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FCCEF9DDE5EABD9C" box="[827,972,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The name refers to the Uwharrie Mountains region, where the species is endemic. The common name will be Uwharrie elktoe, also representing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878878FFDAFFC6FBE3F97EE26DBDF8" box="[1046,1099,1756,1777]" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location of the species. We note that the species name is intentionally spelled differently from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FC09F8BBE313BC27" authority="Lea, 1868" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1868" box="[1020,1333,1816,1838]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Unio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uhareensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FC09F8BBE29CBC24" box="[1020,1210,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Unio uhareensis</emphasis>
|
||
Lea, 1868
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDAFFC6FB41F895E5DDBC65" authority="(Lightfoot, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Lightfoot" baseAuthorityYear="1786" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Elliptio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="22" pageNumber="672" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="complanata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDAFFC6FB41F895E384BC45" box="[1204,1442,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="672">Elliptio complanata</emphasis>
|
||
(Lightfoot, 1786)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF436652FFDBFFC7FF64FDD6E6DAB809" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8011179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011179/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" startId="23.[145,224,628,650]" targetBox="[305,1264,195,598]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFDBFFC7FF64FDD6E6DAB809" blockId="23.[145,1425,628,768]" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FF64FDD6E6DCB980" bold="true" box="[145,250,628,650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Images of pseudocardinal teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FD86FDD6E596B983" authority="Varicosa. Arrows" authorityName="Varicosa. Arrows" box="[627,944,628,650]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FD86FDD6E57EB983" box="[627,856,628,650]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Alasmidonta varicosa</emphasis>
|
||
. Arrows
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
point to pseudocardinal teeth. A, left valve of shell from Rocky River (Cape Fear drainage). B, right valve of shell from Rocky River (Cape Fear drainage). C, left valve of shell from Chattooga River (Savannah River drainage). D, right valve of shell from Chattooga River (Savannah River drainage). E, left valve of shell from Roaring River (Yadkin drainage). F, right valve of shell from Roaring River (Yadkin drainage).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266551FFDBFFC7FF64FCE3E497BE76" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336DAFFDBFFC7FF64FCE3E497BE76" blockId="23.[145,761,833,1407]" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FF64FCE3E721B85F" box="[145,263,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The shell of this species most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FEE6FCC2E7BFB87C" box="[275,409,864,885]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FEE6FCC2E7BFB87C" box="[275,409,864,885]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">A. varicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but internal features of the shell and placement of the adductor mussels most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FEAAFC3FE7DFB8BA" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1818" box="[351,505,925,947]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FEAAFC3FE7DFB8BA" box="[351,505,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">A. marginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFDBFFC7FDFDFC3FE44DB8BB" box="[520,619,925,947]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStart-2="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="21.[145,225,915,937]" captionStartId-1="22.[162,242,1184,1206]" captionStartId-2="23.[145,224,628,650]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1265,195,891]" captionTargetBox-1="[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetBox-2="[305,1264,195,598]" captionTargetId-0="figure-450@21.[305,1265,195,891]" captionTargetId-1="figure-321@22.[322,1282,195,1155]" captionTargetId-2="figure-554@23.[305,1264,195,598]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionText-0="Figure 7. Images showing pseudocardinal teeth of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. Arrows point to pseudocardinal teeth. A, USNM 1675683, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. B, USNM 1675683, right valve, umbo away from camera. C, USNM 1675683, right valve, umbo towards camera. D, USNM 1675685, left valve, umbo pointing away from camera. E, USNM 1675685, right valve, umbo away from camera. F, USNM 1675685, right valve, umbo towards camera." captionText-1="Figure 8. Type series for Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. A, holotype, USNM 1675684. B, paratype, USNM 1675686. C, paratype, USNM 1675687. D,E, paratype, USNM 1675683. F, G, paratype, USNM 1675685. Abbreviations: aa, anterior adductor muscle; pa, posterior adductor mussel. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-2="Figure 9. Images of pseudocardinal teeth in Alasmidonta Ʋaricosa. Arrows point to pseudocardinal teeth. A, left valve of shell from Rocky River (Cape Fear drainage). B, right valve of shell from Rocky River (Cape Fear drainage). C, left valve of shell from Chattooga River (Savannah River drainage). D, right valve of shell from Chattooga River (Savannah River drainage). E, left valve of shell from Roaring River (Yadkin drainage). F, right valve of shell from Roaring River (Yadkin drainage)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011175" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011177" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011179" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8011175/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8011177/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8011179/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A5FFFDBFFC7FEDDFC1EE751B8D8" box="[296,375,956,978]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[145,223,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[147,1423,197,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-298@3.[145,1425,195,1095]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Terrain map of survey locations and the known range of Alasmidonta uaeharriensis sp. nov. Red stream segments indicate the known range of the species from element occurrence data (North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences records) with ~1 km up- and downstream buffers. Black circles indicate survey locations where the species has not been recorded. Green shading represents conserved or protected land boundaries; grey shading represents developed areas. Inset A, the boundaries of North Carolina and surrounding states (grey shading represents the Yadkin–Pee Dee River basin; red shading represents the Uwharrie and Little River watersheds). Inset B, an example of typical habitat preferred by the species in Barnes Creek (September 2020; photograph credit M. A. Perkins)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8011163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8011163/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
|
||
). No other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FE0DFC1EE4ADB8D8" box="[504,651,956,977]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FE0DFC1EE4ADB8D8" box="[504,651,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Alasmidonta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to be sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FE79FC79E461B8E6" authorityName="Whelan & Johnson & Ashantye & Williams & Perkins & Beaver & Mays" authorityYear="2023" box="[396,583,986,1008]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uaeharriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FE79FC79E461B8E6" box="[396,583,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">A. uwharriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species is more phylogenetically distinct from its closest known relative than any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FE46FBBAE489BF27" box="[435,687,1048,1070]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FE46FBBAE46DBF24" box="[435,587,1048,1069]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Alasmidonta</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thus, molecular barcoding should be a useful method for future, non-lethal identification if a putative population is found outside its currently known range. A previous study on what was then identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FDCBFB31E49ABFA1" box="[574,700,1171,1192]" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Alasmidonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FDCBFB31E49ABFA1" box="[574,700,1171,1192]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">A. varicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Densons Creek found gravid females in October, and viable glochidia were released in laboratory conditions in December and February; sunfish (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FDA7FB4DE4C9BE0A" box="[594,751,1262,1284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Centrarchidae" genus="Lepomis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FDA7FB4DE493BE0D" box="[594,693,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Lepomis</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Piedmont darter,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D59FFDBFFC7FE63FAACE464BE2A" baseAuthorityName="Jordan & Brayton" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[406,578,1294,1315]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Percidae" genus="Percina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FE63FAACE464BE2A" box="[406,578,1294,1315]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Percina crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D.S.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B764AFFDBFFC7FD7EFAAFE4FBBE2A" box="[651,733,1293,1315]" name="Jordan" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Brayton, 1878), were identified as potential larval hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B2BFFDBFFC7FF29FAE8E7BEBE56" author="Eads CB & Raley ME & Schubert EK & Bogan AE & Levine JF" box="[220,408,1354,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="673" pagination="2006 - 37" refId="ref16223" refString="Eads CB, Raley ME, Schubert EK, Bogan AE, Levine JF. 2007. Propagation of freshaeater mussels for release into North Carolina aeaters. Report submitted to North Carolina Department of Transportation, Project number HWY- 2005 - 07, FHWA / NC / 2006 - 37." type="book chapter" year="2007">
|
||
Eads
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAC8FFDBFFC7FEE9FAE9E772BE56" box="[284,340,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="673">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additional information about the ecology of the species is currently unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |