treatments-xml/data/03/95/87/039587B3BE25FFECFF51FC8B5C907C81.xml

<document id="DF2B968E5D3F6E5F9C8D0129969CD2AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="29375" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="167edaa1-d9a0-438f-9c42-d4ac47034ece" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1442040" ID-ZooBank="5410B0DF-67BA-4D9A-B891-3ADFAB79A8EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538406071376" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reiswig, Henry M." docDate="2018" docId="039587B3BE25FFECFF51FC8B5C907C81" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4466.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4466 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae Reiswig 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FFACFFCBBE34FFF9FFC6FFB65D187E04" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="124" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1698561982052" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7DDEAC8D8C05F0A7EE1E137453077708" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9BC995B41188B6977967D6EB876C775C">
<mods:title id="8F39AF8912923543C93F951AE3323CEB">Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="36CB2ED095FDFB48D96A0CE8D99F7B78" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3E342741135E95F70A2B6EA94BA60E49">
<mods:roleTerm id="73D20F186DCD646D605895B58E639602">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BD67BE62473A5496687B579AA8543AFB">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E58C335CF7057749A73D2679C1ACE263">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="46DF6F934BCB0CF6C0B7B23C3552DCC6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4D06D39D85B7A89767642AC0097494B9">
<mods:title id="DEF27998A3B34AC7B2C6431AD7B50CDA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="091730C1334FE34AB5081C93565F0C55">
<mods:date id="A97AE6DB504A7B64061DCE07C532B196">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="72BB7E2F65F567BD823752B679A4C2FB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5694495C91F444B7A89349C8A7A57D85">2018-08-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4B65A84E3D0B2C78DEE516024D5DD1EE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6BC88BFE9BFF8A115CF69B6BD958F8AC">4466</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A246F8E64FB7296DAB370EF0BC1D05B6" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6EA8FA3D491FA8116E510A39972EAD18">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D582DA6A6A8736C0B1055C3E24E1B9B1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="35E4DF491D75B08EFCDFDD54459ACFA7">124</mods:start>
<mods:end id="94623B233925680D5988E3BCD850F462">151</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="E5D25D822333AF7DB9BDD3F1256BFE25">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0775513C09250D3C7441AE39AC567D8E" type="CLB-Dataset">29375</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5D695F596ED041E52645693B156DEBA0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="83A1C0B912DCC1CCC4175F9BE30AE710" type="GBIF-Dataset">167edaa1-d9a0-438f-9c42-d4ac47034ece</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="18AFC29557CD07CFAC2714DD3DE01404" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6D30644AF55A33AB47A01C16E1F1C17B" type="Zenodo-Dep">1442040</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CD9D1EFCB310BA43232EF927C2BED000" type="ZooBank">5410B0DF-67BA-4D9A-B891-3ADFAB79A8EC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039587B3BE25FFECFF51FC8B5C907C81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970383" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148425415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5970383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587B3BE25FFECFF51FC8B5C907C81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587B3BE25FFECFF51FC8B5C907C81" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE25FFE8FF51FC8B5C977D7C" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE25FFE8FF51FC8B5F437D53" blockId="17.[151,603,829,888]" box="[151,603,829,855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D0CB81C9BE25FFE8FF51FC8B5F437D53" bold="true" box="[151,603,829,855]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FF51FC8B5F437D53" bold="true" box="[151,603,829,855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE25FFE8FF51FC8B5F097D53" ID-CoL="4ZLYV" authority="Reiswig, 2018" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,529,829,855]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pamelaturnerae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FF51FC8B5F097D53" bold="true" box="[151,529,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57CCBE25FFE8FDDFFC8B5F437D53" box="[537,603,829,855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE25FFE8FF51FCE95C977D7C" blockId="17.[151,603,829,888]" box="[151,399,863,888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
(
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE25FFE8FF59FCE95DFD7D7C" box="[159,229,863,888]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n. sp. body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442058/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Figs 9</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE25FFE8FECFFCD65C3F7D7C" box="[265,295,864,888]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">10</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6BE031EBE25FFE8FEF5FCE95C9E7D7C" box="[307,390,863,888]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,239,332,355]" captionText="TABLE 5. Spicule dimensions of Staurocalyptus pamelaturnera n. sp., CAS 218813 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Table 5</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE25FFE8FF51FC115E497A29" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE25FFE8FF51FC11589D7A0C" blockId="17.[151,1437,935,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FF51FC115C9B7DC4" bold="true" box="[151,387,935,960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54878807BE25FFE8FE4AFC1E5CDC7DC4" box="[396,452,936,960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Type</typeStatus>
material: 
<typeStatus id="54878807BE25FFE8FDFDFC115FB07DC4" box="[571,680,935,960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE60BE25FFE8FD72FC1E5FF27DC4" box="[692,746,936,960]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">CAS</collectionCode>
218813, 
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE60BE25FFE8FC9FFC1E5E8C7DC4" box="[857,916,936,960]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15413" name="Museo Civico di Rovereto" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">ROV</collectionCode>
Hercules from EV 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE25FFE8FBBCFC1159C47DC4" box="[1146,1244,935,960]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="17" pageNumber="145" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Nautilus</taxonomicName>
, dive H 
<date id="FF821065BE25FFE8FAFFFC115DDF7DE0" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" value="1566-08-26">1566, 26 Aug</date>
2016, Wreck of USS Independence, side of midship gun turret, off Farallones Is., Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary off San Francisco, 
<collectingRegion id="49F8F847BE25FFE8FDFFFC595FB57A0C" box="[569,685,1007,1032]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">California</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32B7635BE25FFE8FD7EFC465E1F7A0C" box="[696,775,1008,1032]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE085062BE25FFE8FCD5FC595E967A0C" box="[787,910,1007,1032]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" precision="5" value="37.4776">37.4776°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE085062BE25FFE8FC5FFC5959487A0C" box="[921,1104,1007,1032]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" precision="1" value="-123.13467">123.1346632°W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE25FFE8FB9DFC5959A17A03" box="[1115,1209,1007,1032]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.058" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="805.8">805.8 m</quantity>
, Fix 95% ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE25FFE8FF51FBA35E497A29" blockId="17.[151,1437,935,2005]" box="[151,849,1044,1069]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Not seen: Holotype fragment: MCZ IZ 141509, data as above.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE25FFE8FF01FB815DE77AE4" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE25FFE8FF01FB815DE77AE4" blockId="17.[151,1437,935,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FF01FB815CB97A54" bold="true" box="[199,417,1079,1104]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Species diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE25FFE8FE6BFB815F4B7A54" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1897" box="[429,595,1079,1104]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FE6BFB815F4B7A54" box="[429,595,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Staurocalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with body of branching tubes, with veil of raised crucial hypodermal prostalia restricted to a narrow band around the oscula. Exhalant canal openings into the atrium are uncovered. Dermalia are mostly pentactins with some stauractins and tauactins; atrialia are mainly hexactins and pentactins with a few stauractins, tauactins and diactins. Discoctasters are entirely rough with great size range, 98–363 µm diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE25FFEDFF01FB5A59237F19" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE25FFE8FF01FB5A581A78B1" blockId="17.[151,1437,935,2005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FF01FB5A5C417B01" bold="true" box="[199,345,1260,1285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Description.</emphasis>
Body form of the 
<typeStatus id="54878807BE25FFE8FDF8FB5A5FB87B01" box="[574,672,1260,1285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is that of a soft-bodied, bright yellow, branching tubular sponge hanging from attachment to metallic surface (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE25FFE8FD02FAB95E3E7B2C" box="[708,806,1295,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n. sp. body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442058/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Six terminal oscula on tubular body elements are recognizable on 
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FE96FA835C8D7B48" box="[336,405,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">in situ</emphasis>
images of the specimen; the body wall around larger oscula is flared or turned out trumpetlike. Tubular elements leading to the large terminal oscula are about 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE25FFE8FC04FAEE59137B6B" box="[962,1035,1368,1392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
in diameter and 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE25FFE8FB11FAE158797B6B" box="[1239,1377,1367,1392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="6.9" valueMax="8.1" valueMin="5.7">5.7–8.1 mm</quantity>
wall thickness. A fringe of long spicules surrounding oscular margins 
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE25FFE8FCB4FACB5EAF7B90" box="[882,951,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">in situ</emphasis>
images proved to be a short veil of smooth pentactins and diactins serving as lateral and marginal prostalia. About one-third of the specimen was collected, including the large central osculum. The author was supplied with only an oscular margin fragment (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE25FFE8FAD5FA7258727BD8" box="[1299,1386,1476,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n. sp. body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442058/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
) for analysis and description but extensive imagery of other parts were also examined. The veil of prostal pentactins and diactins extends for a short distance around the blunt oscular margin (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE25FFE8FC5BF9BA5EEC7820" box="[925,1012,1548,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n. sp. body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442058/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
), 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE25FFE8FBCEF9BA597C7820" box="[1032,1124,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
onto atrial surface but 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE25FFE8FAA2F9BA5DDB7843" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7–12 mm</quantity>
onto the dermal surface. Diactin and pentactin prostalia extend in groups from small conules spaced about 100 µm apart. The dermal surface beyond the veil is smooth, without either emergent or subdermal large diactins or hypodermal pentactins but some conules may still occur there. Whether the lowest parts of the body near the site of attachment bear more prostalia is unknown and will have to wait for further sampling of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE25FFEBFF01F90959EC7EF3" blockId="17.[151,1437,935,2005]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="17" pageNumber="141">
Beneath the raised hypodermalia, the dermal lattice, a fine-meshed grid of mostly pentactin (85%) and a few stauractin (11%) lateral rays, spans across inhalant canals; no hexactins were found in small fragments from the dermal tissue. In contrast, the atrial surface has exhalant canals widely open to the atrium and uncovered by a lattice of atrialia or hypoatrialia; the atrial lattice is tightly bound on the atrial surface between exhalant canals and it is composed of mostly hexactins (57%), a smaller proportion of pentactins (32%) and small numbers of stauractins, triactins and diactins. Many atrialia with a short spherical remnant of the sixth ray, at least twice the diameter of lateral rays, are here considered unusual pentactins and counted as such. The branched 
<typeStatus id="54878807BE25FFE8FADBF82E586779B5" box="[1309,1407,1944,1969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is calculated from laser scales to have been 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE25FFE8FDA3F80A5FA779D0" box="[613,703,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="88.9">88.9 cm</quantity>
long by 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE25FFE8FCE7F80A5E6379D0" box="[801,891,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9899999999999998" pageId="17" pageNumber="141" unit="cm" value="39.9">39.9 cm</quantity>
wide; only a small portion was collected and the author was provided with a 11.8 x 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE26FFEBFDE5FF215F687EAB" box="[547,624,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="142" unit="cm" value="4.6">4.6 cm</quantity>
subsample of that (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE26FFEBFC94FF215EB07EB4" box="[850,936,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[148,1440,301,1716]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n. sp. body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442058/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
) for preparing this description. Color of the fragments preserved in ethanol is light tan. The known distribution of the species is the 
<typeStatus id="54878807BE26FFEBFBAFFF0B59817ED1" box="[1129,1177,189,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">type</typeStatus>
location on the sunken USS 
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE26FFEBFF17FF695C757EFC" box="[209,365,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">Independence</emphasis>
in the Farallones Sanctuary off San Francisco, 
<collectingRegion id="49F8F847BE26FFEBFCB9FF695EEC7EFC" box="[895,1012,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">California</collectingRegion>
, at a depth of 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE26FFEBFB57FF5659E87EF3" box="[1169,1264,224,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.049" pageId="18" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="804.9">804.9 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF43662DBE26FFEBFF51F97F5E26797D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442058/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="142" startId="18.[151,250,1737,1759]" targetBox="[148,1440,301,1716]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE26FFEBFF51F97F5E26797D" blockId="18.[151,1436,1737,1913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE26FFEBFF51F97F5C0B78DB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1737,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE26FFEBFEDDF97F5F4278DB" authority="Reiswig, 2018" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,602,1737,1759]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="18" pageNumber="142" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pamelaturnerae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE26FFEBFEDDF97F5F4278DB" box="[283,602,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57CCBE26FFEBFDA7F97F5F8378DB" box="[609,667,1737,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="142" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE26FFEBFDA7F97F5F8378DB" bold="true" box="[609,667,1737,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
body. A. Encircled specimen 
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE26FFEBFC16F97C590878DB" box="[976,1040,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">in situ</emphasis>
on USS 
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE26FFEBFBABF97F59E178DB" box="[1133,1273,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">Independence</emphasis>
prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE26FFEAFF01F8135FED7FA9" blockId="18.[151,1436,1957,2018]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">
Megascleres (for measurements see 
<tableCitation id="C6BE031EBE26FFEBFD98F8135FAA79BA" box="[606,690,1957,1982]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,239,332,355]" captionText="TABLE 5. Spicule dimensions of Staurocalyptus pamelaturnera n. sp., CAS 218813 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="18" pageNumber="142">Table 5</tableCitation>
) consist of a variety of diactins (prostalia and three size classes of choanosomals), hypodermal pentactins, dermalia and atrialia. Prostal diactins (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE26FFEBFBF1F87F59BB79E6" box="[1079,1187,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="142">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
) are the longest and thickest spicules, usually gently curved and reaching nearly 
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE27FFEAFC47FF2E5EC47EAB" box="[897,988,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
; their tips are smooth and rounded. Hypodermal pentactins (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFE71FF0A5F397ED0" box="[439,545,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
) are regular and crucial in form with rays approximately equal in length. Tangential ray ends are parabolic but proximal rays tapered to a sharp point; all ray ends are subterminally rough. Choanosomal diactins (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFE64FEB25F117F18" box="[418,521,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
) are the most common spicules of the body; they are smooth. straight to gently curved, mostly smooth with rough rounded ends. Dermalia (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFC92FE915EA47F44" box="[852,956,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
) are mostly pentactins (85% of 101) and stauractins (11%) and a few tauactins; hexactins occur but are rare (&lt;1%). These spicules are entirely rough, have cylindrical rays and rounded rough tips. Atrialia (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFD03FED95E307F8C" box="[709,808,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
) are mostly hexactins (57%) and pentactins (32%) with few stauractins (2.5%) and rare tauactins and diactins.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF43662DBE27FFEAFF51F9F259FC78D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" startId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" targetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE27FFEAFF51F9F259FC78D1" blockId="19.[151,1436,1604,1749]" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE27FFEAFF51F9F25C39785E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1604,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE27FFEAFEEFF9F25F72785E" authority="Reiswig, 2018" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2018" box="[297,618,1604,1626]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pamelaturnerae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE27FFEAFEEFF9F25F72785E" box="[297,618,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57CCBE27FFEAFDBEF9F25FAB785E" box="[632,691,1604,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE27FFEAFDBEF9F25FAB785E" bold="true" box="[632,691,1604,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE27FFEDFF01F8B759237F19" blockId="19.[151,1436,1793,2034]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">
Microscleres (for measurements see 
<tableCitation id="C6BE031EBE27FFEAFDA1F8B75FA3791E" box="[615,699,1793,1818]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,239,332,355]" captionText="TABLE 5. Spicule dimensions of Staurocalyptus pamelaturnera n. sp., CAS 218813 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Table 5</tableCitation>
) are, in order of descending abundance, hemioxyhexasters (39% of 300), microdiscohexasters (33%), oxyhexasters (13%), oxyhexactins (10%), and discoctasters (only 5.3% but dominant by size). Microdiscohexasters (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFD44F8FF5E0F7966" box="[642,791,1865,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Figs 10F, G</figureCitation>
) are typical for an acanthascinine, with primary and secondary rays about equal in length, entirely smooth, ~20 µm in diameter, with numerous terminal rays, counted here as 28– 
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE27FFEAFEDFF8275C2D79AE" bold="true" box="[281,309,1937,1962]" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">32</emphasis>
–35. Oxy-tip microscleres, including hemioxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFC71F827593879AE" box="[951,1056,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Fig. 10H</figureCitation>
), full oxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFAC1F827587B79AE" box="[1287,1379,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">
Fig. 
<date id="FF821065BE27FFEAFAFBF824587B79AE" box="[1341,1379,1938,1962]" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" value="2010-01">10I</date>
</figureCitation>
) and oxyhexactins (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFEFAF8035C8479CA" box="[316,412,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
), have 1–4 straight and tapered secondary rays on each primary ray; the rays are smooth with very sharp tips. Discoctasters (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE27FFEAFDE0F86F5FB779F6" box="[550,687,2009,2034]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="143">Figs 10K–L</figureCitation>
) vary greatly in size. It is likely that several size classes occur here but a very large number of measurements would be needed to show them. The primary rays each bear 1–5, most commonly 3-4, slightly splayed but straight terminal rays that end in small but clear terminal discs (
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE20FFEDFAF1FF0A58847ED0" box="[1335,1436,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,481,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1421,481,1593]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442060/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Fig. 10L</figureCitation>
magnified ray tip). These spicules are entirely covered by small reclined spines; it is not uncommon to encounter spicules with single terminal rays developed outside the eight normal primary rays.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF43662DBE20FFEDFF51FEFA5C6F7F87" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE20FFEDFF51FEFA5C6F7F87" blockId="20.[151,1436,331,387]" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE20FFEDFF51FEFA5C097F67" bold="true" box="[151,273,332,355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE20FFEDFDE1FEFD5E687F67" authority="Reiswig, 2018" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2018" box="[551,880,331,355]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="20" pageNumber="144" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pamelaturnera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE20FFEDFDE1FEFD5E687F67" box="[551,880,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Staurocalyptus pamelaturnera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57CCBE20FFEDFCB9FEFA5EDA7F67" box="[895,962,332,355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="144" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE20FFEDFCB9FEFA5EDA7F67" bold="true" box="[895,962,332,355]" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, CAS 218813 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE20FFEDFF59FE29584879D3" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<table id="F93CC405BE200006FF59FE28584879D3" box="[159,1360,414,2007]" colsContinueFrom="16.[159,1362,234,1620]" colsContinueIn="25.[159,1324,236,1787]" gridcols="5" gridrows="39" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FE2858487FB0" box="[159,1360,414,436]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FE285F537FB0" box="[159,587,414,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">parameter</th>
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FE285E657FB0" box="[836,893,414,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">mean</th>
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFE285EEF7FB0" box="[971,1015,414,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">s.d.</th>
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FE2859DC7FB0" box="[1106,1220,414,436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">range</th>
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFE2858487FB0" box="[1321,1360,414,436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">no.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FE7E58487FDA" box="[159,1360,456,478]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FE7E5F537FDA" box="[159,587,456,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Prostal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FE7E5E657FDA" box="[836,893,456,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">9.01</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFE7E5EEF7FDA" box="[971,1015,456,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">2.23</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FE7E59DC7FDA" box="[1106,1220,456,478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">5.18–14.34</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFE7E58487FDA" box="[1321,1360,456,478]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">53</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FE4758487C03" box="[159,1360,497,519]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FE475F537C03" box="[159,587,497,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FE475E657C03" box="[836,893,497,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">52.2</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFE475EEF7C03" box="[971,1015,497,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">11.3</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FE4759DC7C03" box="[1106,1220,497,519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">21.7–83.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFE4758487C03" box="[1321,1360,497,519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">59</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FDAC58487C34" box="[159,1360,538,560]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FDAC58487C34" box="[159,1360,538,560]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Hypodermal pentactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FDF258487C5E" box="[159,1360,580,602]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FDF25F537C5E" box="[159,587,580,602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">tangential ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FDF25E657C5E" box="[836,893,580,602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.71</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFDF25EEF7C5E" box="[971,1015,580,602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">0.45</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FDF259DC7C5E" box="[1106,1220,580,602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">0.80–2.83</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFDF258487C5E" box="[1321,1360,580,602]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">116</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FDDB58487C87" box="[159,1360,621,643]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FDDB5F537C87" box="[159,587,621,643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FDDB5E657C87" box="[836,893,621,643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">33.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFDDB5EEF7C87" box="[971,1015,621,643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">5.1</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FDDB59DC7C87" box="[1106,1220,621,643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">23.9–46.3</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFDDB58487C87" box="[1321,1360,621,643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FD2058487CA8" box="[159,1360,662,684]" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FD205F537CA8" box="[159,587,662,684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FD205E657CA8" box="[836,893,662,684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">3.33</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFD205EEF7CA8" box="[971,1015,662,684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">0.62</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FD2059DC7CA8" box="[1106,1220,662,684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.60–5.32</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFD2058487CA8" box="[1321,1360,662,684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">80</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FD7658487CD2" box="[159,1360,704,726]" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FD765F537CD2" box="[159,587,704,726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FD765E657CD2" box="[836,893,704,726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">38.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFD765EEF7CD2" box="[971,1015,704,726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">5.2</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FD7659DC7CD2" box="[1106,1220,704,726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">29.8–52.8</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFD7658487CD2" box="[1321,1360,704,726]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FD5F58487CFB" box="[159,1360,745,767]" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FD5F5F537CFB" box="[159,587,745,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Primary choanosomal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FD5F5E657CFB" box="[836,893,745,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">10.29</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFD5F5EEF7CFB" box="[971,1015,745,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.16</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FD5F59DC7CFB" box="[1106,1220,745,767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">8.07–12.52</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFD5F58487CFB" box="[1321,1360,745,767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FCA458487D2C" box="[159,1360,786,808]" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FCA45F537D2C" box="[159,587,786,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FCA45E657D2C" box="[836,893,786,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">57.6</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFCA45EEF7D2C" box="[971,1015,786,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">10.2</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FCA459DC7D2C" box="[1106,1220,786,808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">44.7–79.7</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFCA458487D2C" box="[1321,1360,786,808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FC8A58487D56" box="[159,1360,828,850]" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FC8A5F537D56" box="[159,587,828,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Choanosomal large diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FC8A5E657D56" box="[836,893,828,850]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">7.26</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFC8A5EEF7D56" box="[971,1015,828,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.47</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FC8A59DC7D56" box="[1106,1220,828,850]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">4.19–10.82</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFC8A58487D56" box="[1321,1360,828,850]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FCD358487D7F" box="[159,1360,869,891]" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FCD35F537D7F" box="[159,587,869,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FCD35E657D7F" box="[836,893,869,891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">20.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFCD35EEF7D7F" box="[971,1015,869,891]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">9.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FCD359DC7D7F" box="[1106,1220,869,891]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">7.8–47.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFCD358487D7F" box="[1321,1360,869,891]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">76</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FC3858487DA0" box="[159,1360,910,932]" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FC385F537DA0" box="[159,587,910,932]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Choanosomal short diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FC385E657DA0" box="[836,893,910,932]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.64</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFC385EEF7DA0" box="[971,1015,910,932]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.25</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FC3859DC7DA0" box="[1106,1220,910,932]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">0.26–4.79</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFC3858487DA0" box="[1321,1360,910,932]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">38</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FC0E58487DCA" box="[159,1360,952,974]" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FC0E5F537DCA" box="[159,587,952,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FC0E5E657DCA" box="[836,893,952,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">16.84</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFC0E5EEF7DCA" box="[971,1015,952,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">9.21</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FC0E59DC7DCA" box="[1106,1220,952,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">4.9–37.4</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFC0E58487DCA" box="[1321,1360,952,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FC5758487DF3" box="[159,1360,993,1015]" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FC5758487DF3" box="[159,1360,993,1015]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Dermalia, pentactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FBBC58487A24" box="[159,1360,1034,1056]" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FBBC5F537A24" box="[159,587,1034,1056]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FBBC5E657A24" box="[836,893,1034,1056]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">128</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFBBC5EEF7A24" box="[971,1015,1034,1056]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">26</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FBBC59DC7A24" box="[1106,1220,1034,1056]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">84–216</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFBBC58487A24" box="[1321,1360,1034,1056]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FB8258487A4E" box="[159,1360,1076,1098]" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FB825F537A4E" box="[159,587,1076,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FB825E657A4E" box="[836,893,1076,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">11.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFB825EEF7A4E" box="[971,1015,1076,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.7</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FB8259DC7A4E" box="[1106,1220,1076,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">7.5–14.3</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFB8258487A4E" box="[1321,1360,1076,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FBEB58487A77" box="[159,1360,1117,1139]" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FBEB5F537A77" box="[159,587,1117,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FBEB5E657A77" box="[836,893,1117,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">118</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFBEB5EEF7A77" box="[971,1015,1117,1139]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">19</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FBEB59DC7A77" box="[1106,1220,1117,1139]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">67–148</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFBEB58487A77" box="[1321,1360,1117,1139]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FB3058487A98" box="[159,1360,1158,1180]" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FB305F537A98" box="[159,587,1158,1180]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FB305E657A98" box="[836,893,1158,1180]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">11.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFB305EEF7A98" box="[971,1015,1158,1180]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FB3059DC7A98" box="[1106,1220,1158,1180]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">6.5–15.2</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFB3058487A98" box="[1321,1360,1158,1180]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FB0658487AC2" box="[159,1360,1200,1222]" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FB065F537AC2" box="[159,587,1200,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Dermalia, stauractin ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FB065E657AC2" box="[836,893,1200,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">138</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFB065EEF7AC2" box="[971,1015,1200,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">30</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FB0659DC7AC2" box="[1106,1220,1200,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">87–192</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFB0658487AC2" box="[1321,1360,1200,1222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FB6F58487AEB" box="[159,1360,1241,1263]" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FB6F5F537AEB" box="[159,587,1241,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FB6F5E657AEB" box="[836,893,1241,1263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">12.2</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFB6F5EEF7AEB" box="[971,1015,1241,1263]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">2.1</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FB6F59DC7AEB" box="[1106,1220,1241,1263]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">7.2–16.4</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFB6F58487AEB" box="[1321,1360,1241,1263]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FAB458487B1C" box="[159,1360,1282,1304]" gridrow="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FAB45F537B1C" box="[159,587,1282,1304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Atrialia, hexactin ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FAB45E657B1C" box="[836,893,1282,1304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">107</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFAB45EEF7B1C" box="[971,1015,1282,1304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">12</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FAB459DC7B1C" box="[1106,1220,1282,1304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">81–145</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFAB458487B1C" box="[1321,1360,1282,1304]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FA9A58487B46" box="[159,1360,1324,1346]" gridrow="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FA9A5F537B46" box="[159,587,1324,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FA9A5E657B46" box="[836,893,1324,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">9.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFA9A5EEF7B46" box="[971,1015,1324,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.6</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FA9A59DC7B46" box="[1106,1220,1324,1346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">6.6–13.4</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFA9A58487B46" box="[1321,1360,1324,1346]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FAE358487B6F" box="[159,1360,1365,1387]" gridrow="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FAE358487B6F" box="[159,1360,1365,1387]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Atrialia, pentactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FAC858487B90" box="[159,1360,1406,1428]" gridrow="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FAC85F537B90" box="[159,587,1406,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">tangenial ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FAC85E657B90" box="[836,893,1406,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">106</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFAC85EEF7B90" box="[971,1015,1406,1428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">16</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FAC859DC7B90" box="[1106,1220,1406,1428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">80–154</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFAC858487B90" box="[1321,1360,1406,1428]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FA1E58487BBA" box="[159,1360,1448,1470]" gridrow="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FA1E5F537BBA" box="[159,587,1448,1470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FA1E5E657BBA" box="[836,893,1448,1470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">10.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFA1E5EEF7BBA" box="[971,1015,1448,1470]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.4</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FA1E59DC7BBA" box="[1106,1220,1448,1470]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">8.6–13.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFA1E58487BBA" box="[1321,1360,1448,1470]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FA6758487BE3" box="[159,1360,1489,1511]" gridrow="26" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FA675F537BE3" box="[159,587,1489,1511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FA675E657BE3" box="[836,893,1489,1511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">92</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFA675EEF7BE3" box="[971,1015,1489,1511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">15</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FA6759DC7BE3" box="[1106,1220,1489,1511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">64–123</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFA6758487BE3" box="[1321,1360,1489,1511]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59FA4C58487814" box="[159,1360,1530,1552]" gridrow="27" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59FA4C5F537814" box="[159,587,1530,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82FA4C5E657814" box="[836,893,1530,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">10.6</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DFA4C5EEF7814" box="[971,1015,1530,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94FA4C59DC7814" box="[1106,1220,1530,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">6.9–15.1</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFFA4C58487814" box="[1321,1360,1530,1552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F9925848783E" box="[159,1360,1572,1594]" gridrow="28" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F9925F53783E" box="[159,587,1572,1594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Microdiscohexaster diameter</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F9925E65783E" box="[836,893,1572,1594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">19.5</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF9925EEF783E" box="[971,1015,1572,1594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.4</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F99259DC783E" box="[1106,1220,1572,1594]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">16.6–21.8</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF9925848783E" box="[1321,1360,1572,1594]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F9FB58487867" box="[159,1360,1613,1635]" gridrow="29" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F9FB5F537867" box="[159,587,1613,1635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">primary ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F9FB5E657867" box="[836,893,1613,1635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">4.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF9FB5EEF7867" box="[971,1015,1613,1635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">0.7</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F9FB59DC7867" box="[1106,1220,1613,1635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">3.5–6.7</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF9FB58487867" box="[1321,1360,1613,1635]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F9C058487888" box="[159,1360,1654,1676]" gridrow="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F9C05F537888" box="[159,587,1654,1676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F9C05E657888" box="[836,893,1654,1676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">5.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF9C05EEF7888" box="[971,1015,1654,1676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">0.7</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F9C059DC7888" box="[1106,1220,1654,1676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">3.7–6.5</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF9C058487888" box="[1321,1360,1654,1676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F916584878B2" box="[159,1360,1696,1718]" gridrow="31" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F9165F5378B2" box="[159,587,1696,1718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Oxy and hemioxyhexaster diameter</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F9165E6578B2" box="[836,893,1696,1718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">113</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF9165EEF78B2" box="[971,1015,1696,1718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">11</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F91659DC78B2" box="[1106,1220,1696,1718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">93–136</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF916584878B2" box="[1321,1360,1696,1718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F97F584878DB" box="[159,1360,1737,1759]" gridrow="32" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F97F5F5378DB" box="[159,587,1737,1759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">primary ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F97F5E6578DB" box="[836,893,1737,1759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">4.2</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF97F5EEF78DB" box="[971,1015,1737,1759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F97F59DC78DB" box="[1106,1220,1737,1759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.8–6.1</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF97F584878DB" box="[1321,1360,1737,1759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F9445848790C" box="[159,1360,1778,1800]" gridrow="33" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F9445F53790C" box="[159,587,1778,1800]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F9445E65790C" box="[836,893,1778,1800]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">52.0</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF9445EEF790C" box="[971,1015,1778,1800]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">5.2</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F94459DC790C" box="[1106,1220,1778,1800]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">41.0–62.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF9445848790C" box="[1321,1360,1778,1800]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F8AA58487936" box="[159,1360,1820,1842]" gridrow="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F8AA5F537936" box="[159,587,1820,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Oxyhexactin diameter</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F8AA5E657936" box="[836,893,1820,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">120</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF8AA5EEF7936" box="[971,1015,1820,1842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">14</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F8AA59DC7936" box="[1106,1220,1820,1842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">73–148</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF8AA58487936" box="[1321,1360,1820,1842]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F8F35848795F" box="[159,1360,1861,1883]" gridrow="35" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F8F35F53795F" box="[159,587,1861,1883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">ray width</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F8F35E65795F" box="[836,893,1861,1883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">2.5</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF8F35EEF795F" box="[971,1015,1861,1883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">0.5</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F8F359DC795F" box="[1106,1220,1861,1883]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">1.3–3.9</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF8F35848795F" box="[1321,1360,1861,1883]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F8D858487980" box="[159,1360,1902,1924]" gridrow="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F8D85F537980" box="[159,587,1902,1924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">Discoctaster diameter</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F8D85E657980" box="[836,893,1902,1924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">164</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF8D85EEF7980" box="[971,1015,1902,1924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">67</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F8D859DC7980" box="[1106,1220,1902,1924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">98–363</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF8D858487980" box="[1321,1360,1902,1924]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">123</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F82E584879AA" box="[159,1360,1944,1966]" gridrow="37" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F82E5F5379AA" box="[159,587,1944,1966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">primary ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F82E5E6579AA" box="[836,893,1944,1966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">35.7</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF82E5EEF79AA" box="[971,1015,1944,1966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">11.1</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F82E59DC79AA" box="[1106,1220,1944,1966]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">4.5–67.7</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF82E584879AA" box="[1321,1360,1944,1966]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">122</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350C34E7BE200006FF59F877584879D3" box="[159,1360,1985,2007]" gridrow="38" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">
<th id="76DD5D9BBE200006FF59F8775F5379D3" box="[159,587,1985,2007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC82F8775E6579D3" box="[836,893,1985,2007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">47.1</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FC0DF8775EEF79D3" box="[971,1015,1985,2007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">26.3</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FB94F87759DC79D3" box="[1106,1220,1985,2007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">21.1–126.3</td>
<td id="76DD5D9BBE200006FAEFF877584879D3" box="[1321,1360,1985,2007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="20" pageNumber="144">123</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE21FFECFF01FF215E067C13" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFECFF01FF215E067C13" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF01FF215C237EB4" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Remarks.</emphasis>
This specimen is clearly a member of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFD21FF215E957EB4" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1897" box="[743,909,151,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFD21FF215E957EB4" box="[743,909,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Staurocalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possession of discoctasters and hypodermal pentactins without thorns. It differs from all 17 known species by several characters. The hypodermal pentactins are much smaller than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFDD3FF565E097EFC" authority="Ijima, 1904" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[533,785,223,248]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFDD3FF565F647EFC" box="[533,636,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. affinis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFD4EFF695E097EFC" box="[648,785,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref9491" refString="Ijima, I. (1904) Studies on the Hexactinellida. Contribution IV. (Rossellidae). Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 18 (7), 1 - 307, pls. I - XXIII." type="journal article">Ijima, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFCE4FF56597F7EFC" authority="Ijima, 1927" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[802,1127,223,248]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celebesianus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFCE4FF565ECA7EFC" box="[802,978,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. celebesianus</emphasis>
Ijima, 1927
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFBB1FF56586F7EFC" authority="Ijima, 1897" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1897" box="[1143,1399,223,248]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="glaber">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFBB1FF5659F97EFC" box="[1143,1249,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. glaber</emphasis>
Ijima, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFA41FF565CDE7F18" authority="Ijima, 1897" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1897" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pleorhaphides">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFA41FF565C2F7F19" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. pleorhaphides</emphasis>
Ijima, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFE12FEB35E1B7F19" authority="(Schulze, 1886)" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[468,771,260,285]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roeperi">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFE12FEB35F5B7F18" box="[468,579,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. roeperi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFD93FEB25FE37F19" box="[597,763,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref10429" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe), 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article">Schulze, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFC85FEB359467F18" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[835,1118,260,285]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solidus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFC85FEB35EA87F19" box="[835,944,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. solidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFC7CFEB259467F18" box="[954,1118,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref10535" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena, 126 pp., 19 pls." type="book">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. They are much larger than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFF39FE9E5F3F7F44" authority="Tabachnick, 1989" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1989" box="[255,551,295,320]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fuca">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF39FE9E5C577F44" box="[255,335,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. fuca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFE9CFE915F3F7F44" box="[346,551,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref10564" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1989) (Two hexactinellid sponges from the north-east of the Pacific Ocean, with a description of a new species). Zoological Zhurnal, 68, 293 - 296. [in Russian]" type="journal article">Tabachnick, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFDF0FE9E5E947F44" authority="Lendenfeld, 1915" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1915" box="[566,908,295,320]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hamatus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFDF0FE9E5FAD7F44" box="[566,693,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. hamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFD79FE915E947F44" box="[703,908,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref9884" refString="Lendenfeld, R. von (1915) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot;, from October 1904 to March 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., &quot; Albatross &quot;, 1891 - 1899. The sponges. 3 Hexactinellida. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 42, 1 - 396, pls. 1 - 109." type="journal article">Lendenfeld, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFC5DFE9E59C07F44" authority="Ijima, 1897" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1897" box="[923,1240,295,320]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="heteractinus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFC5DFE9E595D7F44" box="[923,1093,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. heteractinus</emphasis>
Ijima, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFB20FE9E5C027F60" authority="Ijima, 1898" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microchaetus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFB20FE9E58837F44" box="[1254,1435,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. microchaetus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFF51FEFA5C027F60" box="[151,282,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref9410" refString="Ijima, I. (1898) The Genera and Species of Rossellidae. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 2 (2), 41 - 55." type="journal article">Ijima, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFE92FEFB5FDF7F60" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[340,711,332,357]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFE92FEFB5CA27F61" box="[340,442,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. tylotus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFE06FEFA5FDF7F60" box="[448,711,332,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref10373" refString="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Stone, R. (2013) New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Zootaxa, 3628 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3628.1.1" type="journal article">Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. They are all crucial while 69% of those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFB6EFEFB5C397F8C" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psilosus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFB6EFEFB58057F61" box="[1192,1309,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. psilosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFAE2FEFA5C397F8C" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref10373" refString="Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Stone, R. (2013) New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Zootaxa, 3628 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3628.1.1" type="journal article">Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are paratropal. Of the remaining five species with hypodermal pentactins similar to those of this species, they all differ in having atrialia as only hexactins, without pentactins; these are 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFBACFE23588F7FA8" authority="(Lambe, 1894)" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1130,1431,404,429]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dowlingi">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFBACFE2359F07FA9" box="[1130,1256,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. dowlingi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFB30FE2258887FA8" box="[1270,1424,404,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref9794" refString="Lambe L. M. (1894) Sponges from the Pacific coast of Canada. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 11 (4), 25 - 43, pls. II - IV." type="journal article">Lambe, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFF51FE0E5CD27FD4" authority="Ijima, 1904" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,458,439,464]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="entacanthus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF51FE0E5C237FD4" box="[151,315,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. entacanthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFE82FE015CD27FD4" box="[324,458,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref9491" refString="Ijima, I. (1904) Studies on the Hexactinellida. Contribution IV. (Rossellidae). Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 18 (7), 1 - 307, pls. I - XXIII." type="journal article">Ijima, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFE11FE0E5E3E7FD4" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[471,806,439,464]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFE11FE0E5F617FD4" box="[471,633,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFD45FE015E3E7FD4" box="[643,806,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref10535" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena, 126 pp., 19 pls." type="book">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFCF5FE0E59927FD4" authority="Okada, 1932" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1932" box="[819,1162,439,464]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugocruciatus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFCF5FE0E5EF57FD4" box="[819,1005,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. rugocruciatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE21FFECFC30FE0159927FD4" box="[1014,1162,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" refId="ref10059" refString="Okada, Y. (1932) Report on the hexactinellid sponges collected by the United States Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2935), 1 - 118, pls. 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2935.1" type="journal article">Okada, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFB0EFE0E5DCA7FF0" authority="Ijima, 1903" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1903" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulosus">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFB0EFE0E58497FD4" box="[1224,1361,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">S. tubulosus</emphasis>
Ijima, 1903
</taxonomicName>
. These differences, among others too numerous to list, verify that the specimen is the 
<typeStatus id="54878807BE21FFECFB0EFE6A58327FF1" box="[1224,1322,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of a new species, here designated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFE0CFE495E0F7C1C" box="[458,791,511,536]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pamelaturneri">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFE0CFE495E0F7C1C" box="[458,791,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Staurocalyptus pamelaturneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE21FFECFF01FD925C907C81" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFECFF01FD925C907C81" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF01FD925C567C39" bold="true" box="[199,334,548,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named after Pamela Turner, the wife of a member of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary whose financial donation to the Greater Farallones Association made description of this new species possible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>