329 lines
61 KiB
XML
329 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="56FAECDA0626AD45783510E838711E6E" ID-CLB-Dataset="29375" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="167edaa1-d9a0-438f-9c42-d4ac47034ece" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1442040" ID-ZooBank="5410B0DF-67BA-4D9A-B891-3ADFAB79A8EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538406071376" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reiswig, Henry M." docDate="2018" docId="039587B3BE21FFEFFF51FC7A5C7D79D8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4466.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4466 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hyalascus farallonesensis Reiswig 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="146" masterDocId="FFACFFCBBE34FFF9FFC6FFB65D187E04" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="124" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1698561982052" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8EE2C45121708B2C5C70F477580FF61E">Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AB2EFCF57E6E5EE0780775F55BFB858E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2A29CE72F991B5E7DDC9BB29124A057B">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="005081DBD90A914731A515DB93ED39A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="77F8C845998BC3E0FCFD8058C00C000A">
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<mods:date id="8F5F827C3B931EC565101E22474094DF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8E42E40A60664C5EF8EC43BDF1878591">2018-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EEA22DE3CA4F05465E44DD607F5D9570">4466</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2F60572BF4421DE42E4A2E8745F1B145" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="36B4EFD60BBBCE13FEFEAE04E4FAAE2D" type="GBIF-Dataset">167edaa1-d9a0-438f-9c42-d4ac47034ece</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CA2CC8C213C1AD9C1F1A2B853D44BCA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="853FB54213642C31B8DF594338F715D0" type="Zenodo-Dep">1442040</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="946DFF6C8EED6F55F784520E9235209A" type="ZooBank">5410B0DF-67BA-4D9A-B891-3ADFAB79A8EC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039587B3BE21FFEFFF51FC7A5C7D79D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970391" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148425417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5970391" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587B3BE21FFEFFF51FC7A5C7D79D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587B3BE21FFEFFF51FC7A5C7D79D8" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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<subSubSection id="C326652EBE21FFECFF51FC7A5C857A03" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFECFF51FC7A5F037DE2" blockId="21.[151,539,972,1031]" box="[151,539,972,998]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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<heading id="D0CB81C9BE21FFECFF51FC7A5F037DE2" bold="true" box="[151,539,972,998]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF51FC7A5F037DE2" bold="true" box="[151,539,972,998]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFF51FC7A5CCA7DE2" ID-CoL="3MVKD" authority="Reiswig, 2018" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,466,972,998]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="farallonesensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF51FC7A5CCA7DE2" bold="true" box="[151,466,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Hyalascus farallonesensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57CCBE21FFECFE1FFC7A5F037DE2" box="[473,539,972,998]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFECFF51FC585C857A03" blockId="21.[151,539,972,1031]" box="[151,413,1006,1031]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFF59FC585DEA7A03" box="[159,242,1006,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFED0FC595C2C7A03" box="[278,308,1007,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">12</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6BE031EBE21FFECFE86FC585C8C7A03" box="[320,404,1006,1031]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions of Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., CAS 218807 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Table 6</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326652EBE21FFECFF51FB805DF97B23" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFECFF51FB805F487ADA" blockId="21.[151,1437,1078,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF51FB805C9B7A4B" bold="true" box="[151,387,1078,1103]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Type material: Holotype: CAS 218807,
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<materialsCitation id="3B543CF8BE21FFECFC9FFB8158817A93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913893979" collectionCode="ROV" collectorName="Farallones Is." country="United States of America" county="Independence" elevation="806" latitude="37.4776" location="Hercules" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-123.13467" municipality="Aug" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
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<collectionCode id="ED2DAE60BE21FFECFC9FFB815E8C7A4B" box="[857,916,1079,1103]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15413" name="Museo Civico di Rovereto" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">ROV</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EE3607EBE21FFECFC5BFB8059197A4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587B3BE21FFEFFF51FC7A5C7D79D8:8EE3607EBE21FFECFC5BFB8059197A4B" box="[925,1025,1078,1103]" country="United States of America" county="Independence" latitude="37.4776" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-123.13467" municipality="Aug" name="Hercules" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" stateProvince="California">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFC5BFB8059197A4B" box="[925,1025,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Hercules</emphasis>
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</location>
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from EV
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFBBCFB8059C17A4B" box="[1146,1241,1078,1103]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFBBCFB8059C17A4B" box="[1146,1241,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Nautilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, dive H
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<date id="FF821065BE21FFECFAFEFB805DDF7A77" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" value="1566-08-26">
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1566, 26
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BE7ACDFBE21FFECFF51FBED5DDF7A77" box="[151,199,1115,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Aug</collectingMunicipality>
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</date>
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2016, Wreck of USS
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<collectingCounty id="62E24E29BE21FFECFE78FBEC5F427A77" box="[446,602,1114,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFE78FBEC5F427A77" box="[446,602,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Independence</emphasis>
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</collectingCounty>
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, side of midship gun turret, off
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<collectorName id="26C95373BE21FFECFC79FBEC59407A76" box="[959,1112,1114,1139]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Farallones Is.</collectorName>
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, Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, off San Francisco,
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<collectingRegion id="49F8F847BE21FFECFD83FBC85FA27A93" box="[581,698,1150,1175]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32B7635BE21FFECFD00FBC95E0D7A93" box="[710,789,1151,1175]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE085062BE21FFECFCE4FBC85E857A93" box="[802,925,1150,1175]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" precision="5" value="37.4776">37.4776°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085062BE21FFECFC6CFBC859787A93" box="[938,1120,1150,1175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="-123.13467">123.1346632°W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="0011D196BE21FFECFBABFBC859D47A92" box="[1133,1228,1150,1175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.058" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="805.8">
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||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFBABFBC859D47A92" box="[1133,1228,1150,1175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.058" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="805.8">805.8 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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, Fix 95% ethanol
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</materialsCitation>
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. Paratype: CAS 218809, same ship, same dive, same date, same general location, edge of flight deck by aft elevator, 37.4775 °N, 123.1345499 °W,
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<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFE2AFB705F537ADA" box="[492,587,1222,1247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.026" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="802.6">802.6 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFECFF01FB5D5DF97B23" blockId="21.[151,1437,1078,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Not seen: Holotype fragment: MCZ IZ 141480, data as above. Paratype fragment: MCZ IZ 141485, data as above.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326652EBE21FFECFF01FA845CDC7BB3" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFECFF01FA845CDC7BB3" blockId="21.[151,1437,1078,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF01FA845CB97B4F" bold="true" box="[199,417,1330,1355]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Species Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE21FFECFE6FFA845F067B4F" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[425,542,1330,1355]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFE6FFA845F067B4F" box="[425,542,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Hyalascus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with bare surface (no prostalia), hypodermalia with tangential rays to
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<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFA83FA8458847B4E" box="[1349,1436,1330,1355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
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long, dermalia are about equal numbers of rough stauractins and pentactins, atrialia as mostly non-pinular hexactins. Microscleres include oxyhexactins, hemioxyhexasters, full oxyhexasters and microdiscohexasters of small size (19.1–32.9 µm).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326652EBE21FFEFFF01FA7458767A5C" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE21FFEFFF01FA745E8F7F3B" blockId="21.[151,1437,1078,2003]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF01FA745C417BDF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1474,1499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Description.</emphasis>
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Body form of the
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<typeStatus id="54878807BE21FFECFDE0FA745F907BDF" box="[550,648,1474,1499]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is that of a hanging trumpet with the distal body wall turned out to 90° at the oscular margin (
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<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFE50FA505CE67BFB" box="[406,510,1510,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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), while the
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<typeStatus id="54878807BE21FFECFD43FA515FFD7BFB" box="[645,741,1511,1535]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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is a cylindrical tube without any diversion of the distal body wall (
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<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFF10F9BC5C247827" box="[214,316,1546,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
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). Bodies of both specimens are soft, smooth (without prostalia) and so cavernous that upon removal from water the body and especially the dermal side collapses (
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<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFCB2F9985EC27843" box="[884,986,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
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) leaving only strands of tissues where support is adequate. The atrial surface has firm subsurface support and thus retains its form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFB6FF9E45808786F" box="[1193,1296,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The extent of the large water-filled spaces is clearly shown in a thick wall section of the turned-out margin of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878807BE21FFECFAFCF9C05884788B" box="[1338,1436,1654,1679]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFF59F92C5C1B78B7" box="[159,259,1690,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dermal lattice of the outer surface remains only as patches on strands of diactins left standing after collapse of most of the dermal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFD96F9085FB778D3" box="[592,687,1726,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||
, dermal side on left). The atrial surface of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878807BE21FFECFB75F908580D78D3" box="[1203,1301,1726,1751]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is traversed by pore fields of ca
|
||
<date id="FF821065BE21FFECFEB3F9555CA378FF" box="[373,443,1763,1787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" value="2017-10-08">
|
||
8 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFE59F9555CA378FF" box="[415,443,1763,1787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="17.0">17</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
mm diameter scattered across the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFC5BF954591B78FF" box="[925,1027,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
); the individual pores are about 0.3–
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE21FFECFF51F8B05DA2791B" bold="true" box="[151,186,1798,1823]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">0.9</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFF0FF8B05C3A791A" box="[201,290,1798,1823]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFE00F8B05F2A791B" box="[454,562,1798,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larger area of the atrial surface appears imperforate but fine spaces probably remain between spicules; the atrialia here form a compact felt-like layer on a close-packed layer of supporting diactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE21FFECFEB9F8F85CF07963" box="[383,488,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="145">Fig. 11H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878807BE21FFECFD81F8F95FB27963" box="[583,682,1871,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the relative areas of pore fields and aporous surface are reversed; the pore fields covered almost the entire surface and the aporous areas were relatively small. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878807BE21FFECFADAF8C45866798F" box="[1308,1406,1906,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is calculated to have been
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFE6FF8205F1D79AA" box="[425,517,1942,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="cm" value="40.6">40.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFDAAF8205FDF79AA" box="[620,711,1942,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="cm" value="38.5">38.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide at the flared oscular margin with collection restricted to a significant part (nearly half) of the margin; the fragment available for study was an 8.1 by
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE21FFECFB1AF80C583579D6" box="[1244,1325,1978,2003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="145" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
marginal subsample of that, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFEB8FF215F167EB4" box="[382,526,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[166,1421,193,1727]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442062/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Figs 11C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total size of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878807BE22FFEFFD29FF2E5E577EB4" box="[751,847,152,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
could not be determined due to orientation of the specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFEE1FF0B5C757ED0" box="[295,365,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
images but it is similar in size to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878807BE22FFEFFCD2FF0A5E627ED1" box="[788,890,188,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The preserved fragment available for study was again a subsample of the margin, 7.0 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFD89FF565F867EF3" box="[591,670,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="cm" value="3.9">3.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
, Color of the fragments preserved in ethanol is light tan. The known distribution of the species is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878807BE22FFEFFDD3FEB35F5D7F19" box="[533,581,261,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location on the USS Independence sunken in what is now the Farallones Sanctuary off San Francisco,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F847BE22FFEFFE27FE915F4B7F44" box="[481,595,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFD2AFE915E8B7F3B" box="[748,915,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.042" metricValueMax="8.058" metricValueMin="8.026" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="804.2" valueMax="805.8" valueMin="802.6">802.6-805.8 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE22FFEFFF01FEFA5E9A7D59" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Megascleres (for measurements see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BE031EBE22FFEFFDBEFEFA5FCB7F61" box="[632,723,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions of Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., CAS 218807 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
) a variety of diactins (primary, choanosomal, small atrial), hypoatrial pentactins, dermalia and atrialia. Primary diactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFCAAFED95ECF7F8C" box="[876,983,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are the longest and thickest spicules, usually gently curved and reaching nearly
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFD57FE225FF07FA8" box="[657,744,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
; their tips are rough, either rounded or tapered to a small parabolic tip. Hypodermal pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFD80FE015FB27FD4" box="[582,682,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are regular crucial forms with rays approximately equal in length; all ray ends are subterminally rough but the tangential tips are tapered to a smooth point and the proximal tips are slowly tapered to a long drawn-out smooth round tip. Choanosomal diactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFBE2FE4959947C1C" box="[1060,1164,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are the most common spicules of the body; they are smooth. straight to gently curved, mostly smooth with rough rounded ends. Short diactins of the atrial surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFE1CFDF15F6D7C64" box="[474,629,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Figs 12D & F</figureCitation>
|
||
) differ from typical body diactins in having sharp tips and being entirely rough. Their size and morphology suggest that the smaller members of this group may act to support atrialia and some may be atrialia, thus the two groups widely overlap in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BE031EBE22FFEFFC96FD395EB07CAC" box="[848,936,655,680]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions of Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., CAS 218807 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
. Dermalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFBE9FD39598B7CAC" box="[1071,1171,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
) are mostly stauractins (53% of 100) and pentactins (43%) and a few tauactins; hexactins occur but are rare (<1%). These spicules are entirely rough, have cylindrical rays and have rounded rough tips without the smooth terminal end found in most diactins and hypodermal pentactins. Atrialia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFD63FD4A5E117D10" box="[677,777,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
|
||
) are patchy as to form; overall 1244 spicules from three locations were grouped with the most common being hexactins (50%), followed by diactins (22%), pentactins (19%), stauractins (6%), tauactins (1%), and paratetractins (0.6%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE22FFEFFF01FCD158767A5C" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Microscleres (for measurements see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BE031EBE22FFEFFD4FFCD15FFE7D84" box="[649,742,871,896]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule dimensions of Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., CAS 218807 (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
) are mainly oxy- and hemioxyhexasters (78% of 138), oxyhexactins (22%) and microdiscohexasters, not enumerated but their abundance is approximately the same as oxyhexasters. Oxyhexasters and hemioxyhexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFD21FC195E577DCC" box="[743,847,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
|
||
) have short primary rays and 1-3 relatively stumpy robust secondary rays on each primary ray; terminal rays are sparsely covered with very small reclined spines. Oxyhexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFE87FC415CBF7A14" box="[321,423,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12H</figureCitation>
|
||
) are similar to oxyhexasters but lack ray branching. Microdiscohexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A20BE22FFEFFB37FC4158727A14" box="[1265,1386,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,218,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[166,1421,218,1800]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442064/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<date id="FF821065BE22FFEFFAEDFC4E58577A14" box="[1323,1359,1016,1040]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" value="2012-01">12I</date>
|
||
–J
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) are spherical; each smooth and stout primary ray carries a tuft of 11–
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFCBBFBAA5EB67A31" bold="true" box="[893,942,1052,1077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">14.2</emphasis>
|
||
–17 (n = 12) thin, crooked, sparsely–spined secondary rays which are about twice the length of the primary rays. Disks at ray tips have 6–9 marginal teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE22FFEFFF01FBD25EF67991" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE22FFEFFF01FBD25EF67991" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFF01FBD25C237A79" bold="true" box="[199,315,1124,1149]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This lyssacine species with choanosomal megascleres as diactins and with hypodermal pentactins is clearly a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFE63FB315F327AA4" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1885" box="[421,554,1159,1184]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Rossellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; without strobiloplumicomes or discoctasters it falls into the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFF51FB1A5C047AC1" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,284,1196,1221]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rossellinae">Rossellinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Keys to genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFE37FB1A5F6A7AC1" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1885" box="[497,626,1196,1221]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rossellinae">Rossellinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and generic diagnoses in Systema Porifera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFBA6FB1A583B7AC0" box="[1120,1315,1196,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref10607" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (2002) Family Rossellidae Schulze, 1885. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Klewer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1441 - 1505. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 148" type="book chapter">Tabachnick 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) show it is compatible only with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFDD4FB795F9E7AEC" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[530,646,1231,1256]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFDD4FB795F9E7AEC" box="[530,646,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Hyalascus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: hypodermalia are crucial (= orthotropal); lacks large choanosomal hexactine megascleres; microsclere ends are oxyoid and discoid forms; discoid microscleres are only micro-size [not defined], dermalia are mainly pentactins and stauractins.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFC94FAA15EDF7B34" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[850,967,1303,1328]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFC94FAA15EDF7B34" box="[850,967,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Hyalascus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presently contains nine accepted species. Among other differences the new form differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFD19FA8B59AF7B50" authority="Tabachnick & Levi, 2004" authorityName="Tabachnick & Levi" authorityYear="2004" box="[735,1207,1340,1365]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anisoactinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFD19FA8B5E967B50" box="[735,910,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. anisoactinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFC50FA8A59AF7B50" box="[918,1207,1340,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref10693" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C. (2004) Lyssacinosida du Pacifique sud-ouest (Porifera: Hexactinellida). In: Marshall, B. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Fol 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 191, pp. 11 - 71." type="journal article">Tabachnick & Lévi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in longer tangential rays of hypodermal pentactins (to 4.56 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFD47FAE95FC37B7C" box="[641,731,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and much smaller microdiscohexasters (19.1–32.9 vs 25–72 µm); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFED2FA335F5C7B98" authority="Okada, 1932" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1932" box="[276,580,1412,1437]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFED2FA335CB47B98" box="[276,428,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. attenuatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFE72FA325F5C7B98" box="[436,580,1412,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref10059" refString="Okada, Y. (1932) Report on the hexactinellid sponges collected by the United States Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2935), 1 - 118, pls. 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2935.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Okada,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFDCAFA325F5C7B98" box="[524,580,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.907279999999999" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="in" value="1932.0">1932</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in longer tangential rays of hypodermal pentactins (to 4.56 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFACAFA32587C7B98" box="[1292,1380,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and smaller microdiscohexasters (19.1–32.9 vs 40–45 µm); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFC93FA1F59837BC4" authority="(Schulze, 1886)" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[853,1179,1447,1472]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="baculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFC93FA1F5EC67BC4" box="[853,990,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. baculifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFC36FA11598B7BC4" box="[1008,1171,1447,1472]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref10429" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe), 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article">Schulze, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having dermalia of different form (pentactins and stauractins vs diactins) and smaller discohexasters (19.1–32.9 vs 120 µm calculated from figure); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFEB3FA475F80780C" authority="Ijima, 1898" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1898" box="[373,664,1519,1544]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="giganteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFEB3FA475F1F780C" box="[373,519,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. giganteus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFDD7FA595F80780C" box="[529,664,1519,1544]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref9410" refString="Ijima, I. (1898) The Genera and Species of Rossellidae. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 2 (2), 41 - 55." type="journal article">Ijima, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in longer tangential rays of hypodermal pentactins (to 4.56 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFABFFA465DDC7828" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and commonness of full oxyhexaster microscleres (~ 16% of oxy-tip microscleres vs none); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFA47F9A35CB67854" authority="(Ijima, 1898)" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Ijima" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFA47F9A35C117854" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. mitsukurii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFEDAF9815CBE7854" box="[284,422,1591,1616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref9410" refString="Ijima, I. (1898) The Genera and Species of Rossellidae. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 2 (2), 41 - 55." type="journal article">Ijima, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in absence of prostal diactins (none vs present) and absence of a class of larger of discohexasters (none vs 80-120 µm class); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFD75F9EB59A17870" authority="Tabachnick & Levi, 2004" authorityName="Tabachnick & Levi" authorityYear="2004" box="[691,1209,1628,1653]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pinulohexactinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFD75F9EB5E8B7871" box="[691,915,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. pinulohexactinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFC5CF9EA59A17870" box="[922,1209,1628,1653]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref10693" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C. (2004) Lyssacinosida du Pacifique sud-ouest (Porifera: Hexactinellida). In: Marshall, B. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Fol 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 191, pp. 11 - 71." type="journal article">Tabachnick & Lévi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in longer tangential rays of hypodermal pentactins (to 4.56 vs to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFD4BF9C95FEB789C" box="[653,755,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and form of atrialia (non-pinular (regular) vs pinular); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFF51F9135CD678B8" authority="Ijima, 1898" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,462,1700,1725]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFF51F9135C5A78B8" box="[151,322,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFE8CF9125CD678B8" box="[330,462,1700,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref9410" refString="Ijima, I. (1898) The Genera and Species of Rossellidae. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 2 (2), 41 - 55." type="journal article">Ijima, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in longer tangential rays of hypodermal pentactins (to 4.56 vs to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFB75F912581378B8" box="[1203,1291,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and smaller microdiscohexasters (19.1–32.9 vs 80–90 µm); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFCE5F97F592D78E4" authority="Ijima, 1904" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[803,1077,1735,1760]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFCE5F97F5E8F78E4" box="[803,919,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. similis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFC61F971592D78E4" box="[935,1077,1735,1760]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref9491" refString="Ijima, I. (1904) Studies on the Hexactinellida. Contribution IV. (Rossellidae). Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 18 (7), 1 - 307, pls. I - XXIII." type="journal article">Ijima, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in longer tangential rays of hypodermal pentactins (to 4.56 vs to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B40BE22FFEFFDFEF95A5F977900" box="[568,655,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFD17F95B5E657900" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1898" box="[721,893,1773,1796]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sagamiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFD17F95B5E657900" box="[721,893,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. sagamiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and smaller microdiscohexasters (19.1–32.9 vs 2 classes, spherical 76 µm and stellate 46–50 µm); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFCEAF8A75944792C" authority="Schulze, 1886" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" box="[812,1116,1807,1832]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFCEAF8A75EB6792C" box="[812,942,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">H. stellatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B54BE22FFEFFC7EF8B95944792C" box="[952,1116,1807,1832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" refId="ref10429" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe), 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article">Schulze, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in mixed form of dermalia (near equal pentactins and stauractins vs almost all stauractins) and smaller microdiscohexasters (19.1–32.9 vs 50 µm calculated from figure). These and other differences lead to the conclusion that the Farallones specimens represent a new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFE02F8CA5F217991" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[452,569,1916,1941]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFE02F8CA5F217991" box="[452,569,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Hyalascus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here designated as
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFCDDF8CB5EF67991" box="[795,1006,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D26BE22FFEFFCDDF8CB5EF27991" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2018" box="[795,1002,1916,1941]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Hyalascus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="farallonesensis">H. farallonesensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326652EBE22FFEFFF01F8165C7D79D8" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A5BE22FFEFFF01F8165C7D79D8" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAB7BE22FFEFFF01F8165C5679BD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1952,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="146">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is formed from the location of collection, the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |