486 lines
74 KiB
XML
486 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="6E7D2ADE0195EE3A82D4C243C387CF03" ID-CLB-Dataset="8308" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2df52457-bfd9-48cb-ab35-2db0b87cee7e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500708" ID-ZooBank="7A264F32-8407-42FC-BFE2-09268C0F259D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612423489873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S., Malzacher, Peter & Isack, Rajasekaran" docDate="2021" docId="039587A3C64DFFC9D9F9F905FF736D19" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caenis americani Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher & Isack 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="FFACFFDBC64CFFCED96EFFDDFB0B6964" masterDocTitle="A new charismatic Caenis Stephens, 1835 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Southern India" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1698926714017" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A782B2D7E969028555FFC1045198426D">
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<mods:title id="582B575796247AD935C4C54419152A9E">A new charismatic Caenis Stephens, 1835 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Southern India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67ACB582EB50EBB122036C958EEB1E5B">Srinivasan, Pandiarajan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60D3BD70295913553F1852D02D221914">PG & Research department of Zoology, The American College, Madurai- 625002, India. & srini 15.05.1996 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8118 - 3256</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AE2081C68A0F6510E1632ACEC1D1004" type="email">srini15.05.1996@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EBC1322F5A33B7D9FC6289E30336D312">Sivaruban, T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2025049EB9646304645C47470B18D3EE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8997-9355</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB05DC632A13E87D2407A8F51F0B40F7">PG & Research department of Zoology, The American College, Madurai- 625002, India. & sivaruban 270 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8997 - 9355</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3DA12934A13C1129AE3882E0BE15169E" type="email">sivaruban270@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C47B1DB0FE6E5D0DADB61C878C03A46A">Barathy, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C48DB1C3FA9A750284D286B3F82C6D1D">Department of Zoology, Fatima College, Madurai- 625018, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFBFABBA0F39769DAB5AB723FC5FDBC8">Malzacher, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="73BF4542FEA5C3475BDD90F73DF0B27E">Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 63, 71638 Ludwigsburg, Germany. malzacher. lb @ t-online. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2EDB84CC51308D8FC755109AF5057555">Isack, Rajasekaran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FEC608544B264366ED6B48EA91DA0BF9">PG & Research department of Zoology, The American College, Madurai- 625002, India. & iceisack 143 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9952 - 4335</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4CE15E8971FE4C2BCA7823CC27D8EBE" type="email">iceisack143@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1FE4E917C8BF922C2159CD0C69CCD6E7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6982944C5235657678E4635FD59F5E79">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039587A3C64DFFC9D9F9F905FF736D19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500710" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177318584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587A3C64DFFC9D9F9F905FF736D19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587A3C64DFFC9D9F9F905FF736D19" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="C326653EC64DFFCFD9F9F905FF6B6F96" box="[151,1120,1752,1778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64DFFCFD9F9F905F8F06F96" authority="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher & Isack" authorityName="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,1019,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64DFFCFD9F9F905FA676F96" bold="true" box="[151,364,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Caenis americani</emphasis>
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Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher & Isack
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64DFFCFDD6DF905FF6B6F96" box="[1027,1120,1752,1778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C326653EC64DFFCFD9F9F921FA116E72" box="[151,282,1788,1814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13072A30C64DFFCFD9F1F921FA1A6E72" box="[159,273,1788,1814]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4–9" captionStart-2="FIGURES 10–18" captionStart-3="FIGURES 19–25" captionStart-4="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1404,1428]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1429,184,1379]" captionTargetBox-1="[169,1419,182,1855]" captionTargetBox-2="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetBox-3="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetBox-4="[160,1429,560,1843]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@2.[151,1436,176,1385]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetId-3="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetId-4="figure-216@6.[151,1436,555,1848]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Caenis americani sp. nov. 1—Female nymph, 2—Female adult, 3—Base of the antennae of nymph" captionText-1="FIGURES 4–9. Mouthparts of Caenis americani sp. nov. 4—Labrum, 5—Hypopharynx, 6—Left mandible, 7—Right mandible, 8—Maxilla, 9—Labium" captionText-2="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" captionText-3="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" captionText-4="FIGURES 26–28. Female adult of Caenis americani sp. nov. 26—Wing venation, 27—Prosternal ridge, 28—Subanal plate" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500712" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500714" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500722" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4500712/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4500714/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4500722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figs 1–28</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C326653EC64DFFC9D9F9F899FBF36B05" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64DFFCFD9F9F899FA9D6E3A" bold="true" box="[151,406,1860,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Materials Examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B543CE8C64DFFCFD8CFF899F9586EC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033812302" collectingDate="2020-02-16" collectorName="Pandiarajan Srinivasan & Rajasekaran Isack" country="India" county="Female" elevation="1219" location="Dindigul district" municipality="South" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
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(in alcohol):
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imago (
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<collectorName id="26C95363C64DFFCFDA04F899F8DF6E3B" box="[874,980,1860,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Reg. No.</collectorName>
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ZSI–SRC/I/E/507),
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,
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,
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<location id="8EE3606EC64DFFCFD98AF8B5FAA96EE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587A3C64DFFC9D9F9F905FF736D19:8EE3606EC64DFFCFD98AF8B5FAA96EE6" box="[228,418,1896,1922]" country="India" county="Female" municipality="South" name="Dindigul district" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Dindigul district</location>
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,
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<location id="8EE3606EC64DFFCFD8DEF8B5F93F6EE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587A3C64DFFC9D9F9F905FF736D19:8EE3606EC64DFFCFD8DEF8B5F93F6EE6" box="[432,564,1896,1922]" country="India" county="Female" municipality="South" name="Kodaikanal" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Kodaikanal</location>
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,
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<location id="8EE3606EC64DFFCFDB2FF8B5F8016EE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587A3C64DFFC9D9F9F905FF736D19:8EE3606EC64DFFCFDB2FF8B5F8016EE6" box="[577,778,1896,1922]" country="India" county="Female" municipality="South" name="Mangalamkombu" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Mangalamkombu</location>
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, 10°30542’N & 77°67530’E;
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<quantity id="4CC49B50C64DFFCFDD0AF8B5FFB56EE7" box="[1124,1214,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.219" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="1219.0">
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate id="EFC6E99DC64DFFCFDDA2F8B5FE4D6EE6" box="[1228,1350,1896,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" value="2020-02-16">16/II/2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26C95363C64DFFCFDC3DF8B5FA516EC2" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Pandiarajan Srinivasan</collectorName>
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&
|
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<collectorName id="26C95363C64DFFCFD8ECF851F9586EC2" box="[386,595,1932,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Rajasekaran Isack</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64DFFCFDB31F851F9DC6EC2" bold="true" box="[607,727,1932,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<typeStatus id="54878817C64DFFCFDB31F851F9DC6EC2" box="[607,727,1932,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D3AFD3CC64DFFCFDB89F851F8416EC2" box="[743,842,1932,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
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imagoes (Reg. No. ZSI-SRC/I/E/508) and
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<specimenCount id="9D3AFD3CC64DFFCFDC57F850FE976EC2" box="[1337,1436,1932,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="female">7 female</specimenCount>
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mature larvae (Reg. No. ZSI-SRC/I/E/509);
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<materialsCitation id="3B543CE8C64DFFCFDBE4F86DF90B6E8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033812301" collectingDate="2020-02-16" collectionCode="AMC" collectorName="Pandiarajan Srinivasan & Rajasekaran Isack" country="India" county="Female" elevation="1219" location="Dindigul district" municipality="South" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="9D3AFD3CC64DFFCFDBE4F86DF9E76EAE" box="[650,748,1968,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
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imagoes (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64DFFCFDA0EF86DF8A86EAE" box="[864,931,1968,1994]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">AMC</collectionCode>
|
||
/ZN/181) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3AFD3CC64DFFCFDD2FF86DFFA86EAE" box="[1089,1187,1968,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
|
||
mature larvae (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64DFFCFDC3DF86DFE9F6EAE" box="[1363,1428,1968,1994]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">AMC</collectionCode>
|
||
/ ZN/182), same data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43663DC64EFFCCD9F9FAA1FE396CF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500712" box="[151,1330,1404,1429]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" startId="2.[151,264,1404,1428]" targetBox="[159,1429,184,1379]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64EFFCCD9F9FAA1FE396CF0" blockId="2.[151,1330,1404,1429]" box="[151,1330,1404,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCD9F9FAA1FA306CF0" bold="true" box="[151,315,1404,1428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64EFFCCD82FFAA0FAFE6CF0" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[321,501,1405,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCD82FFAA0FAFE6CF0" box="[321,501,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Caenis americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCD895FAA0F9406CF1" bold="true" box="[507,587,1405,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64EFFCCD895FAA0F9406CF1" box="[507,587,1405,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1—Female nymph, 2—Female adult, 3—Base of the antennae of nymph
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64EFFCCD9A9FA60FE656E07" blockId="2.[151,1437,1469,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCD9A9FA60FA636CB3" bold="true" box="[199,360,1469,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
(in alcohol) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64EFFCCDB66FA60F9466CB3" box="[520,589,1469,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1404,1428]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,184,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[151,1436,176,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Caenis americani sp. nov. 1—Female nymph, 2—Female adult, 3—Base of the antennae of nymph" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCDB06FA60F9FA6CB3" box="[616,753,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Body length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64EFFCCDA6CFA60F8846CBC" box="[770,911,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="4.8" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="4.7">4.7–4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCDAF3FA60FFA26CB3" box="[925,1193,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">caudal filaments length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64EFFCCDDD4FA60FE4C6CBC" box="[1210,1351,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCDC3BFA63FA1C6C9F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">antennae length:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64EFFCCD870FA3CFA7C6C98" box="[286,375,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCD8ECFA3CFAB46C9F" box="[386,447,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64EFFCCDB75FA3CF98A6C98" box="[539,641,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64EFFCCDBBAFA3CF8306C98" box="[724,827,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Middle ocellus larger than lateral ocelli. Hind margin without setae, setaceous
|
||
<typeStatus id="54878817C64EFFCCD8C0F9DBFAD56F44" box="[430,478,1542,1568]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of antennae and presence of thin minute hairs on lateral sides just above each articulation of antennal segment. Pedicel with 4–5 simple setae on lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64EFFCCDD66F9F4FF476F27" box="[1032,1100,1577,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1404,1428]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,184,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[151,1436,176,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Caenis americani sp. nov. 1—Female nymph, 2—Female adult, 3—Base of the antennae of nymph" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), genae not distinctly bulged.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64EFFCCD9F9F990FA116F03" box="[151,282,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||
: Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64EFFCCD8FBF990FAD16F03" box="[405,474,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,182,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. Mouthparts of Caenis americani sp. nov. 4—Labrum, 5—Hypopharynx, 6—Left mandible, 7—Right mandible, 8—Maxilla, 9—Labium" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) length
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64EFFCCDB55F990F9A86F0C" box="[571,675,1613,1640]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64EFFCCDB94F990F8696F0C" box="[762,866,1613,1640]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="0.36">0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 2.1 times broad as long, emargination with thick setae, anterior margin with row of long setae and scattered small stout setae on entire dorsal surface. Lingua of hypopharynx with very short spines on apical margin; apical margin emarginate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64EFFCCDD7BF948FF516FD4" box="[1045,1114,1685,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,182,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. Mouthparts of Caenis americani sp. nov. 4—Labrum, 5—Hypopharynx, 6—Left mandible, 7—Right mandible, 8—Maxilla, 9—Labium" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64EFFCCDD99F948FE536FD4" box="[1271,1368,1685,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,182,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. Mouthparts of Caenis americani sp. nov. 4—Labrum, 5—Hypopharynx, 6—Left mandible, 7—Right mandible, 8—Maxilla, 9—Labium" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) each with single dorso-lateral row of long setae below incisors. Maxillary palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64EFFCCDABAF964FF1D6FB7" box="[980,1046,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,182,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. Mouthparts of Caenis americani sp. nov. 4—Labrum, 5—Hypopharynx, 6—Left mandible, 7—Right mandible, 8—Maxilla, 9—Labium" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) three-segmented and with ratio of 1: 0.8: 1.1; segment
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64EFFCCD814F903FA9D6F9C" box="[378,406,1758,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">III</collectionCode>
|
||
covered with row of long stout setae near proximal end of inner margin. Labial palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64EFFCCDC3FF900FE9F6F93" box="[1361,1428,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,182,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. Mouthparts of Caenis americani sp. nov. 4—Labrum, 5—Hypopharynx, 6—Left mandible, 7—Right mandible, 8—Maxilla, 9—Labium" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) three-segmented, segment I and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64EFFCCD891F8DFF9196E78" box="[511,530,1794,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">II</collectionCode>
|
||
sub equal in length, segment
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64EFFCCDA35F8DFF87C6E78" box="[859,887,1794,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">III</collectionCode>
|
||
shorter and conical and 1/3
|
||
<superScript id="7C499BFDC64EFFCCDDC4F8DCFFC56E7F" attach="right" box="[1194,1230,1793,1819]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">rdof</superScript>
|
||
length of segment
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64EFFCCD9F9F8FBFBA76E24" box="[151,172,1830,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">II</collectionCode>
|
||
, segment I with row of setae on outer margin, segment
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64EFFCCDA76F8FBF8206E24" box="[792,811,1830,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">II</collectionCode>
|
||
with row of setae on surface near outer margin and row of long simple setae on outer margin, segment
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64EFFCCDBCAF897F9CB6E00" box="[676,704,1866,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">III</collectionCode>
|
||
with 2 transverse row of stout setae near tip of distal margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43663DC64FFFCDD9F9F88AFAC66EF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500714/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" startId="3.[151,264,1879,1903]" targetBox="[169,1419,182,1855]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64FFFCDD9F9F88AFAC66EF7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1879,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64FFFCDD9F9F88AFA366E0B" bold="true" box="[151,317,1879,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">FIGURES 4–9.</emphasis>
|
||
Mouthparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64FFFCDD8B1F885F99E6E0B" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[479,661,1880,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64FFFCDD8B1F885F99E6E0B" box="[479,661,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Caenis americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64FFFCDDBF3F885F9E46E14" bold="true" box="[669,751,1880,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64FFFCDDBF3F885F9E46E14" box="[669,751,1880,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
4—Labrum, 5—Hypopharynx, 6—Left mandible, 7—Right mandible, 8—Maxilla, 9—Labium
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF43663DC648FFCAD9F9FAEBFFA06CF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" startId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" targetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C648FFCAD9F9FAEBFFA06CF2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1334,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C648FFCAD9F9FAEBFA5E6C2A" bold="true" box="[151,341,1334,1358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">FIGURES 10–18.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature nymph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C648FFCADB78FAEAF9C16C2A" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[534,714,1335,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C648FFCADB78FAEAF9C16C2A" box="[534,714,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Caenis americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C648FFCADBBFFAEBF8286C2A" bold="true" box="[721,803,1334,1358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC648FFCADBBFFAEBF8286C2A" box="[721,803,1334,1358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C648FFCBD9A9FA19F9AA6801" blockId="4.[151,1437,1476,2043]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,150,717]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C648FFCAD9A9FA19FA136CBA" box="[199,280,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Pronotum lateral margins denticulate; slightly concave with thin minute setae present on anterolateral and posterolateral margins; setae on anterolateral margins usually longer than those on posterolateral margins. Mesonotum distinctly bulged near anterolateral margins and numerous simple long setae present on lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCAD9CEF9EDFBF96F2E" box="[160,242,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), with denticulations.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C648FFCAD883F9ECF9296F2E" box="[493,546,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: No coxal processes, with smooth margins. Foreleg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCADD14F9EDFFC66F2E" box="[1146,1229,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw viz., 0.86: 0.64: 0.51:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C648FFCADBF7F989F80A6F0B" box="[665,769,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Trochanter with row of thin simple setae on outer margin; femur with transverse row of 9–10 bifid bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCADBADF9A5F81E6FF6" box="[707,789,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) on ¾ of distal region; rows of simple setae on inner and outer margins; tibia with 3–4 bipinnate setae on dorsal margin, cluster of 7–8 long, robust setae on apex of distal region of ventral margin; tarsi with 2 stout spines at subapical proximal part of ventral margin, bipinnate setae on both margins and surface bifid bristles present; cluster of bipinnate setae at apex of distal region of tarsi; foreclaw, long and slender without denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCADB4CF8D5F97E6E46" box="[546,629,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Midleg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCADB86F8D5F8306E46" box="[744,827,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw viz., 0.85: 0.58: 0.48:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C648FFCAD985F8F1FA596E23" box="[235,338,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Trochanter similar to that of foreleg; femur with bifid bristles of various sizes scattered on surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCAD9CEF88DFBFA6E0F" box="[160,241,1872,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
), row of thin, simple setae on half of ventral margin and entire dorsal margin; tibia with row of stout spines on ventral margin and on surface longitudinal row of bipinnate setae, numerous bipinnate and unipinnate setae scattered on surface and lateral margins; tarsi with row of spines directed medially and also 1–2 comb shaped bristles along with spines on ventral side; on dorsal side, numerous bipinnate and unipinnate setae scatteredly on lateral margins and surface; claw same as that of foreleg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCADBA2F83DF8146E9F" box="[716,799,2016,2043]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hindleg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C648FFCADAF2F83DF8E46E9E" box="[924,1007,2016,2042]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw viz., 0.91: 0.60: 0.51:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C649FFCBD8FBFF4AFAF069D5" box="[405,507,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Trochanter with 4–5 long, simple setae on surface; femur with unevenly distributed and more scattered simple setae on dorsal and ventral margins and bifid bristles scattered all over surface; tibia with cluster of spines on apical area of distal region, longitudinal row of bifid bristles on surface; tarsi with longitudinal row of 4–5 comb-shaped pinnate bristles along with longitudinal rows of spines on its ventral face and on dorsal side, 2 long and simple setae on distal region and 4 simple setae on proximal apex region; hindclaw long and slender, with row of very fine microdenticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDB2EFE96F99F6801" box="[576,660,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C649FFCBD9A9FEB2F8796BA9" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C649FFCBD9A9FEB2FA3A68ED" box="[199,305,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Tergum I without posteromedian process; tergum
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C649FFCBDA00FEB2F88A68ED" box="[878,897,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">II</collectionCode>
|
||
with posteromedian process with rounded tip at apex; posterolateral processes on terga I,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C649FFCBDB00FE4EF98A68C9" box="[622,641,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">II</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C649FFCBDBD7FE4EF9DE68C9" box="[697,725,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">III</collectionCode>
|
||
absent; terga IV–VI with size of posterolateral spines increasing posteriorly and reaching maximum on tergum VII; terga
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C649FFCBDA2CFE6AF89568B5" box="[834,926,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">VIII–IX</collectionCode>
|
||
with small posterolateral spines compared to VII. Hind margins of terga VII and VIII with bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDB9CFE06F84E6891" box="[754,837,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
); terga IX and X with small denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDD9BFE06FE426891" box="[1269,1353,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gill 1 about half as long as gill 2. Gill 2 Y-ridge complete and well-developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDAD8FE22FF036B7D" box="[950,1032,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surface with combination of bifid bristles and small spine-like processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDBE1FDFEF9EF6B59" box="[655,740,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral row of microtrichia originates at some distance from base; laminar and slightly pinnate microtrichia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDBD9FD9AF8076B05" box="[695,780,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gills 3–6 with more numerous filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDD92FD9AFE5A6B05" box="[1276,1361,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Near hind margin of sternum IX, broad shagreen field of 4–5 rows of small denticles present. Hind margin of sternum IX slightly concave and emarginated with numerous cuts, and dense robust setae present medially, lateral margins with simple setae. Sternite IX strongly elongated posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C649FFCBDA7FFD6EF86E6BA9" box="[785,869,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43663DC649FFCBD9F9F85AF8E06E83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" startId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" targetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C649FFCBD9F9F85AF8E06E83" blockId="5.[151,1436,1927,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C649FFCBD9F9F85AFA5E6EC4" bold="true" box="[151,341,1927,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">FIGURES 19–25.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature nymph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C649FFCBDB76F855F9C66EFB" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[536,717,1928,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C649FFCBDB76F855F9C66EFB" box="[536,717,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Caenis americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C649FFCBDBBAF855F82D6EC4" bold="true" box="[724,806,1928,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC649FFCBDBBAF855F82D6EC4" box="[724,806,1928,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64AFFC8D9A9FF4BFE1B6B7D" blockId="6.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D9A9FF4BFA7D69D5" bold="true" box="[199,374,150,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Color pattern:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D8EEFF4AFAB669D5" box="[384,445,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: ocelli black; vertex dark brownish with branch-like markings, ecdysial cleavage dark brownish, frons milk whitish color, genae light brown, mouth parts pale, venter of head whitish.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8DDBEFF66FE2A69B1" box="[1232,1313,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotum dark brown with one large and one small paramedian spot in each half of pronotum, lateral margins pale yellowish, mesonotum with median areas golden yellowish and lateral areas including lateral lobes thick brownish. Pro- and mesosternum light brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D8D1FEFAFAFF6824" box="[447,500,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Femora whitish with dark tinge in distal region, tibia and tarsus whitish with irregular blackish tinge, claw light reddish proximally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8DBA8FE96F83B6801" box="[710,816,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: tergum I blackish brown; tergum
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64AFFC8DDD3FE96FFDB6801" box="[1213,1232,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">II</collectionCode>
|
||
yellowish brown; tergum VII–X yellowish with dark brown tinges and tergum VII slightly paler than others; terga VII–IX each with 3 longitudinal pale stripes; middle one broader compared to others. Operculate gill thick brownish almost completely shaded with faint black tinge on outer half of Y-shaped ridge; minute black spots scattered on inner side; brownish tinges present on proximal and distal areas on inner side of Y-ridge. Caudal filaments pale yellowish and blackish at articulations; first articulation dark black. Sternum yellowish with light blackish tinge on lateral areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF43663DC64AFFC8D9F9F88DFE8A6E0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500722" box="[151,1409,1872,1897]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500722/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" startId="6.[151,264,1872,1896]" targetBox="[160,1429,560,1843]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64AFFC8D9F9F88DFE8A6E0C" blockId="6.[151,1409,1872,1897]" box="[151,1409,1872,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D9F9F88DFA5F6E0C" bold="true" box="[151,340,1872,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">FIGURES 26–28.</emphasis>
|
||
Female adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64AFFC8D891F88CF9B86E0C" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[511,691,1873,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D891F88CF9B86E0C" box="[511,691,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Caenis americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8DBD7F88CF8016E0D" bold="true" box="[697,778,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64AFFC8DBD7F88CF8016E0D" box="[697,778,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
26—Wing venation, 27—Prosternal ridge, 28—Subanal plate
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64AFFC9D9A9F84CFE5B6825" blockId="6.[151,1437,1937,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D9A9F84CFA7A6ECF" bold="true" box="[199,369,1937,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Female imago</emphasis>
|
||
(in alcohol) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64AFFC8DB7DF84CF9576ECF" box="[531,604,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1404,1428]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,184,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[151,1436,176,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Caenis americani sp. nov. 1—Female nymph, 2—Female adult, 3—Base of the antennae of nymph" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500712/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8DB1AF84CF9F56ECF" box="[628,766,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Body length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64AFFC8DA61F84CF8966EC8" box="[783,925,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="3.35" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8DAC5F84FFF396ECF" box="[939,1074,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">wing length</emphasis>
|
||
: 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64AFFC8DD1BF84CFFDA6EC8" box="[1141,1233,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8DDB1F84CFBD66EAB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">caudal filaments length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64AFFC8D985F868FA786EB4" box="[235,371,1973,2000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D812F86BF9176EAB" box="[380,540,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Wing venation</emphasis>
|
||
: CuA1 forked with CuA2 immediately in distal part of CuA1-CuP vein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64AFFC8DC53F868FE9B6EB4" box="[1341,1424,1973,2000]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,560,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[151,1436,555,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26–28. Female adult of Caenis americani sp. nov. 26—Wing venation, 27—Prosternal ridge, 28—Subanal plate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500722/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8D9F9F804FBDF6E97" box="[151,212,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Ocelli large. Base of antenna distinctly dilated; pedicel three times length of scape.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64AFFC8DDE2F804FFD66E97" box="[1164,1245,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Lateral margins of pronotum slightly concave and rounded, protruding anteriorly; broad mesonotum; prosternal ridges forming triangular structure, open anteriorly with straight lateral areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64BFFC9DA72FF66F86469B1" box="[796,879,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,560,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[151,1436,555,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26–28. Female adult of Caenis americani sp. nov. 26—Wing venation, 27—Prosternal ridge, 28—Subanal plate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500722/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DAECFF66F8E769B1" box="[898,1004,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Absence of posteromedian finger-like processes on tergum
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64BFFC9D8EEFF02FA9D699D" box="[384,406,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">II</collectionCode>
|
||
; lateral filaments short and apex of lateral filaments blunt and increasing in size from tergum III–VIII, reaching maximum size on tergum IX. Hind margin of sternum IX slightly emarginated medially; subanal plate clearly visible with fuzzy appearance and nearly straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64BFFC9DA32FEFAF8BB6825" box="[860,944,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,560,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[151,1436,555,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26–28. Female adult of Caenis americani sp. nov. 26—Wing venation, 27—Prosternal ridge, 28—Subanal plate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500722/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate not clearly visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64BFFC9D9A9FE97FBF36B05" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D9A9FE97FA596800" bold="true" box="[199,338,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Coloration:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D834FE96FA9C6801" box="[346,407,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: yellow with thick blackish tinges, ocelli whitish, transverse medial line yellowish; venter of the head whitish, scape and pedicel whitish and antennae whitish with blackish tinge at articulations.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DC2AFEB2FE9E68ED" box="[1348,1429,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Pronotum dark brownish medially and yellow washed with brownish tinges laterally. Mesonotum yellowish and in distal part filled with black tinges and subapical area of median longitudinal ridge whitish; scutellum yellowish shaded with blackish. Prosternal triangular ridge reddish. Wing base and veins grayish; subcosta region blackish.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D9F9FE22FA0A6B7D" box="[151,257,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: tergum X whitish, terga III–IX whitish washed with black sparse pigmentation; terga I and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE70C64BFFC9DD91FE22FE196B7D" box="[1279,1298,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">II</collectionCode>
|
||
with irregular dark blackish tinges. Sternum VII–IX yellowish with black longitudinal stripes on lateral side; caudal filaments pale red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326653EC64BFFC9D9A9FDB6F81A6BCD" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64BFFC9D9A9FDB6F81A6BCD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D9A9FDB6FA436BE1" bold="true" box="[199,328,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9DB41FDB6F9AA6BE0" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[559,673,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DB41FDB6F9AA6BE0" box="[559,673,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is made in honour of the institute The American College, Madurai, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32B7625C64BFFC9D98EFD52FA116BCD" box="[224,282,655,681]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
for their support of finding this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326653EC64BFFC9D9A9FD6FFE466A71" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64BFFC9D9A9FD6FFE466A71" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D9A9FD6FFA496BA8" bold="true" box="[199,322,690,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9D8B6FD6EF9616BA8" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[472,618,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D8B6FD6EF9616BA8" box="[472,618,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C. americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DB1FFD6EF9C16BA9" bold="true" box="[625,714,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64BFFC9DB1FFD6EF9C16BA9" box="[625,714,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9DDBDFD6EFE2A6BA9" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1835" box="[1235,1313,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DDBDFD6EFE2A6BA9" box="[1235,1313,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: i) distinct bulging margin of mesonotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64BFFC9DA85FD0AFF366B95" box="[1003,1085,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), ii) hind claw long and slender with a row of very fine microdenticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64BFFC9DB3AFD26F9AE6A71" box="[596,677,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,183,1303]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[233,1355,176,1310]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–18. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 10—SEM view of Lateral lobes in mesonotum, 11—Foreleg, 12—Shape of bifid bristles in foreleg, 13—SEM view of Foreclaw, 14—Midleg, 15—SEM view of bristles in surface of Midfemora, 16—SEM view of Midclaw, 17—Hindleg, 18—SEM view of Hindclaw having microdenticles" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500716/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) and iii) shape of sternite IX and its shagreen field (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64BFFC9DD83FD26FE4A6A71" box="[1261,1345,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[276,1308,751,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[270,1317,735,1904]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 19–25. Mature nymph of Caenis americani sp. nov. 19—SEM view of tergum VII, 20—SEM view of tergum X, 21—SEM view of Gill II, 22—SEM view of surface of operculate gill showing small spine like processes, 23—SEM view of microtrichia in operculate gill, 24—SEM view of Gill III, 25—Shape of sternum IX" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500718/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326653EC64BFFC9D9A9FCC2FF736D19" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64BFFC9D9A9FCC2FA216AC1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D9A9FCC2FA276A5D" bold="true" box="[199,300,799,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The larvae and imagoes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9DB04FCC2F9F56A5C" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[618,766,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DB04FCC2F9F56A5C" box="[618,766,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C. americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DA68FCC2F86A6A5D" bold="true" box="[774,865,799,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64BFFC9DA68FCC2F86A6A5D" box="[774,865,799,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were collected in the stream of Mangalamkombu, Kodaikanal, Dindigul district (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64BFFC9D881FC9FF93C6A39" box="[495,567,834,861]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 m</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64BFFC9DBEDFC9EF80B6A39" box="[643,768,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
depth). The water current was about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC49B50C64BFFC9DDCAFC9EFFF86A39" box="[1188,1267,835,861]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="1.43">1.43 m</quantity>
|
||
/sec. The water temperature ranged between 20°C–22°C and pH 7.2–7.7. Substratum was high cobble and decayed leaf litter, with slow current.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336B5C64BFFC9D9A9FC72FF736D19" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D9A9FC72FADB6AAC" bold="true" box="[199,464,942,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Molecular divergence.</emphasis>
|
||
Due to limited molecular studies carried out on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9DD7EFC72FF706AAD" box="[1040,1147,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially in the Oriental region, our molecular comparison becomes restricted to a certain extent. From the
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DD26FC0EFF736A89" box="[1096,1144,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">COI</emphasis>
|
||
based comparisons using K2P distance values,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9D8E6FC2AF9176D74" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[392,540,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D8E6FC2AF9176D74" box="[392,540,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C. americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DB4CFC2AF9776D75" bold="true" box="[546,636,1015,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64BFFC9DB4CFC2AF9776D75" box="[546,636,1015,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows interspecific divergence within the range
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085072C64BFFC9DDCDFC2AFFE96D75" box="[1187,1250,1015,1041]" degrees="0.189" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" precision="55" value="0.189">0.189</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE085072C64BFFC9DD8CFC2AFE246D75" box="[1250,1327,1015,1041]" degrees="0.246" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" precision="55" value="-0.246">–0.246</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BE030EC64BFFC9DC50FC2AFE9F6D75" box="[1342,1428,1015,1041]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,806,832]" captionText="TABLE 2. K2P distance values among COI partial sequences of Caenis americani sp. nov. with closely related species" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) with related species (based on NCBI database comparisons), the most similar species being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9DDC1FBC6FBC46D3D" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DDC1FBC6FE2C6D51" box="[1199,1319,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C. horaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B44C64BFFC9DC41FBC6FBC46D3D" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="7" pageNumber="112" refId="ref4543" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10 (1 - 3). Typis Ioannis Thomae, Vindobonae and Vienna, 1384 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9D86BFBE2F93E6D3D" authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[261,565,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D86BFBE2FA616D3D" box="[261,362,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C. lactea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B44C64BFFC9D81FFBE2F93E6D3D" author="Burmeister, H." box="[369,565,1087,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" pagination="788 - 804" refId="ref4077" refString="Burmeister, H. (1839) Ephemerina. Handbuch der Entomologie, 2 (2), 788 - 804." type="journal article" year="1839">Burmeister, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 0.189 and 0.199 divergence respectively. The K2P neighbor joining tree of
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D9D8FBBEFBED6D19" box="[182,230,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">COI</emphasis>
|
||
reveals that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D36C64BFFC9D81AFBBEF90C6D18" authority="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack, 2021" authorityName="Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Malzacher & Isack" authorityYear="2021" box="[372,519,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9D81AFBBEF90C6D18" box="[372,519,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">C. americani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EAA7C64BFFC9DB63FBBEF96C6D19" bold="true" box="[525,615,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57DCC64BFFC9DB63FBBEF96C6D19" box="[525,615,1123,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
forms a separate monophyletic clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A30C64BFFC9DD76FBBEFF676D19" box="[1048,1132,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,1174,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-456@7.[152,1435,1167,1868]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 29. Kimura-2-parameter Neighbor joining COI tree of Caenis americani sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500724/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="112">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |