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<mods:title id="D4A904B7AD697FC4BEF70C019956A39F">Austrosciara Schmitz &amp; Mjöberg, 1924, a senior synonym of Ctenosciara Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera: Sciaridae) and the description of a new brachypterous species in the genus</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFBC5869FF1FFC8B65E38247" ID-CoL="36HH" ID-ENA="2664627" authority="Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg, 1924" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg. A" authorityYear="1924" box="[238,722,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Austrosciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FF1FFC8B66B88247" bold="true" box="[238,393,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Austrosciara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FE61FC8B65E38247" author="Schmitz" box="[400,722,788,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Schmitz, H. &amp; Mjoberg, E. (1924) Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 35. Sciaridae und Phoridae. Arkiv for Zoologi, 16 (9), 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1924">Schmitz &amp; Mjöberg, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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Type species:
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFBC5869FED7FCC4640F8219" authority="Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg, 1924" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg. The" authorityYear="1924" box="[294,830,858,880]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Austrosciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termitophila">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FED7FCC4651A8219" box="[294,555,858,880]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Austrosciara termitophila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FDC3FCC5640F8219" author="Schmitz" box="[562,830,858,880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Schmitz, H. &amp; Mjoberg, E. (1924) Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 35. Sciaridae und Phoridae. Arkiv for Zoologi, 16 (9), 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1924">Schmitz &amp; Mjöberg, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; [
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FCBFFCC563598219" author="Schmitz" box="[846,1128,858,880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Schmitz, H. &amp; Mjoberg, E. (1924) Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910 - 13. 35. Sciaridae und Phoridae. Arkiv for Zoologi, 16 (9), 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1924">Schmitz &amp; Mjöberg (1924)</bibRefCitation>
: 1‒3, fig. 1].
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B833690FFBC5869FF66FCE5650782E6" blockId="1.[151,1436,858,1034]" box="[151,566,889,911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFBC5869FF5AFCE566D982E6" ID-CoL="9CJGY" authority="Tuomikoski, 1960" authorityName="Tuomikoski" authorityYear="1960" box="[171,488,889,911]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Ctenosciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FF5AFCE5661682E6" box="[171,295,890,911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Ctenosciara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FEDCFCE666D982E6" author="Tuomikoski" box="[301,488,889,911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Tuomikoski, R. (1960) Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ' Uanamo', 21 (4), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1960">Tuomikoski, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, syn. n.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C326651BFFBC5869FF66FC0666FB8563" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" type="materials_examined">
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Type species:
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFBC5869FED7FC06654782C7" authority="Meigen, 1804" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[294,630,920,942]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipennis">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FED7FC0666D282C7" box="[294,483,920,942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Sciara hyalipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FE18FC07654782C7" author="Meigen" box="[489,630,920,942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1804) Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten. (Diptera LINN). K. Reichard, Braunschweig, 1 (1), V-XXIV + 152 pp." type="book" year="1804">Meigen, 1804</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FD73FC07641182C7" author="Meigen" box="[642,800,920,942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1804) Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten. (Diptera LINN). K. Reichard, Braunschweig, 1 (1), V-XXIV + 152 pp." type="book" year="1804">Meigen (1804)</bibRefCitation>
: 99].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFBC5869FF66FC2966FB8563" blockId="1.[151,1436,858,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
Literature:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FEFAFC2966E482A5" author="Tuomikoski" box="[267,469,950,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Tuomikoski, R. (1960) Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ' Uanamo', 21 (4), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1960">Tuomikoski (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 110;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FDE7FC29640182A5" author="Mohrig" box="[534,816,950,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Mohrig, W. &amp; Jaschhof, M. (1999) Sciarid flies (Diptera, Sciaridae) of New Zealand. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 7, 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1999">Mohrig &amp; Jaschhof (1999)</bibRefCitation>
: 14‒27;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FC7DFC29635782A5" box="[908,1126,950,973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Mohrig, W., Menzel, F. &amp; Kozanek, M. (1992) Neue Trauermucken (Diptera, Sciaridae) aus Nord-Korea und Japan. Dipterological Research, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article">
Mohrig
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FC10FC27632182A5" box="[993,1040,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">et al</emphasis>
. (1992)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FB82FC29621782A5" author="Sasakawa" box="[1139,1318,950,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Sasakawa, M. (1994) Fungus Gnats associated with flowers of the genus Arisaema (Araceae). Part 3. Sciaridae (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 62 (4), 667 - 681." type="journal article" year="1994">Sasakawa (1994)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FAC2FC2966518282" author="Menzel" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2000) Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica Supplement, 6 (1999), 1 - 761." type="journal article" year="2000">Menzel &amp; Mohrig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
: 293‒299;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FE20FC4A65A78282" author="Sutou" box="[465,662,981,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Sutou, M. &amp; Ito, M. T. (2003) A taxonomic study on the genus Ctenosciara (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae) from Japan. Species Diversity, 8, 119 - 131." type="journal article" year="2003">Sutou &amp; Ito (2003)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FD50FC49647A8282" box="[673,843,981,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Wu, H., Zhang, S. J. &amp; Huang, J. (2010) The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa, 2560, 42 - 50." type="journal article">
Wu
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FD3AFC4965C98282" box="[715,760,981,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
; 42‒50;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FC52FC4A63698282" box="[931,1112,981,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Shin, S., Jung, S., Menzel, F., Heller, K., Lee, H. &amp; Lee, S. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae) and the evolution of larval habitats. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 833 - 846. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.11.008" type="journal article">
Shin
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FC29FC4963348282" box="[984,1029,981,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FB92FC4A627A8282" box="[1123,1355,981,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2012) The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of eight new species. Zootaxa, 3255, 37 - 51." type="journal article">
Vilkamaa
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FB3AFC4963C98282" box="[1227,1272,981,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
: 37‒51;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B61FFBC5869FF36FC6B66508563" author="Mohrig" box="[199,353,1012,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" refString="Mohrig, W. (2013) Die Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil III - Gattungen Ctenosciara und Pseudolycoriella. Studia dipterologica, 20 (1), 123 - 168." type="journal article" year="2013">Mohrig (2013)</bibRefCitation>
: 123‒136.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C326651BFFBC5869FF66FBAE63FB84DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B833690FFBC5869FF66FBAE65128597" blockId="1.[151,1436,1073,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FF66FBAE66358523" bold="true" box="[151,260,1073,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Remarks</emphasis>
. Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFBC5869FE6CFBAD65178520" authorityName="Tuomikoski" authorityYear="1960" box="[413,550,1074,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Ctenosciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FE6CFBAD65178520" box="[413,550,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Ctenosciara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by macrotrichia on the posterior wing veins, at least on branches of the M-fork (macrotrichia are absent on posterior wing veins in about one third of all species), a 3- segmented palpus, a bare postpronotum, a comb-like row of bristles on the apex of the fore tibia (tibial organ), mostly divided or with 1‒3 bristles separated from the comb, claws with or without teeth, a strong apical tooth on the apex of the gonostylus, a variable number of subapical spines (seldomly a few spines above the tooth) and a simple tegmen on the hypopygium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B833690FFBC5869FF36FA9663FB84DB" blockId="1.[151,1436,1073,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
Although most of these characters are not developed in the brachypterous female specimens from Victoria – the comb-like row of bristles on the apex of the fore tibia, sometimes distinctly divided, is an unmistakable feature for their classification. The hypopygium of
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FD60FACD64678400" box="[657,854,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">
Aus.
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFBC5869FD3AFACE64678400" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Mjoberg. The" authorityYear="1924" box="[715,854,1361,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Austrosciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="termitophila">termitophila</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
resembles, in all details, species which have been classified as
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D13FFBC5869FED8FAE9668384E4" authorityName="Tuomikoski" authorityYear="1960" box="[297,434,1398,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Ctenosciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EA82FFBC5869FED8FAE9668384E4" box="[297,434,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="358">Ctenosciara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
so far by having an apical tooth and subapical spines on the gonostylus. Species of that genus are common and widespread from the Eastern Palaearctic region to the Australian region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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