222 lines
54 KiB
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222 lines
54 KiB
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<document id="B5A896E10486172F2EFF7F0E92F84EC9" ID-CLB-Dataset="123829" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12199" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02f79ff2-493a-449e-8206-5662abfa5c52" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5331625" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630169864101" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lopardo, Lara & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2015" docId="03832D7710BA939DFC74E58DFF455941" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12199.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Mysmenopsinae Lopardo & Hormiga 2015" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="780" masterDocId="FFBA550F10469360FFC3E17AFF985E2F" masterDocTitle="Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="786" masterPageNumber="527" pageNumber="779" updateTime="1732579454387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="05BBF5F2D5BCBD80DC847AD875930270">Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F86DEA036AA21A4B98D8DA8E2DB5A83">Lopardo, Lara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45EFC7B6ECFFAA6EB637650322EE2402">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4225E5F871124A093BB438B3BF0D98D0">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5FEFC6F634E6BCA69B10F5251541FDDD">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03832D7710BA939DFC74E58DFF455941" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7007132" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199502747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7007132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03832D7710BA939DFC74E58DFF455941" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710BA939DFC74E58DFF455941" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="780" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" scope_family="Theridiosomatidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BA939CFC74E58DFB645B23" box="[951,1276,1271,1292]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFC74E58DFB645B23" blockId="252.[951,1276,1271,1325]" box="[951,1276,1271,1292]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
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<heading id="D0DD2B0D10BA939CFC74E58DFB645B23" box="[951,1276,1271,1292]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFC74E58DFBE25B23" authorityName="Lopardo & Hormiga" authorityYear="2015" box="[951,1146,1271,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mysmenopsinae">MYSMENOPSINAE</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFB42E580FB645B23" bold="true" box="[1153,1276,1271,1292]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">SUBF. NOV.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BA939CFBC8E46DFB305B02" box="[1035,1192,1303,1325]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFBC8E46DFB305B02" blockId="252.[951,1276,1271,1325]" box="[1035,1192,1303,1325]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
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<heading id="D0DD2B0D10BA939CFBC8E46DFB305B02" box="[1035,1192,1303,1325]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" reason="8">(CLADE C159)</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BA939DFCE5E447FD175D95" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="780" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFCE5E447FB975824" blockId="252.[806,1422,1341,1547]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFCE5E447FC465B7C" box="[806,990,1341,1363]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mysmenopsinae">Mysmenopsinae</taxonomicName>
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comprises the kleptoparasitic genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFCE5E426FCC45B5E" authorityName="Griswold" authorityYear="1985" box="[806,860,1372,1393]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Isela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFCE5E426FCC45B5E" box="[806,860,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Isela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(including
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFC1EE426FBAB5B5E" authorityName="Baert & Murphy" authorityYear="1987" box="[989,1075,1372,1393]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Kilifina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFC1EE426FBAB5B5E" box="[989,1075,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Kilifina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, see below) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFB32E427FA1E5B5D" box="[1265,1414,1373,1394]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Mysmenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFB32E427FA1E5B5D" box="[1265,1414,1373,1394]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Mysmenopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This sister-taxon relationship has been previously proposed (Griswold, 1985). Although we lacked sequence data for the representatives of this clade, this seemingly stable group is strongly supported by the morphological partition.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939CFCE5E73FFC3B5875" blockId="252.[806,1422,1605,1903]" box="[806,931,1605,1626]" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFCE5E73FFC3B5875" box="[806,931,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Monophyly</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B959C6110BA939DFCE5E71EFD175D95" blockId="252.[806,1422,1605,1903]" lastBlockId="253.[164,779,198,954]" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="780" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">
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Several synapomorphies support
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFB60E71EFAC55855" box="[1187,1373,1636,1658]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mysmenopsinae">Mysmenopsinae</taxonomicName>
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: the kleptoparasitic predatory strategy; females without aggregate gland spigots on PLS (
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFB6BE7DBFA9B5898" box="[1192,1283,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-129@9.[164,1445,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya; opisthosoma: A–F, female; G, male. A, right anterior lateral spinneret; B, same, left, detail; C, posterior median spinnerets; D, G, posterior lateral spinnerets; E, abdomen, posterior view; F, detail of minor ampullate spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331639/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 6D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFAD2E7DBFADC5898" box="[1297,1348,1697,1719]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="75.[164,242,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@75.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 58. Mysmenopsis palpalis (Mysmenidae): A–G, male; H, female. A–E, left palp; A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, distal view; D, embolus and distal cymbium, ventral view; E, detail of tibial spurs. F, posterior median spinnerets; G, H, posterior lateral spinneret. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371475/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">58H</figureCitation>
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); with between three and five palpal tibial trichobothria (
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFCEDE7A4FC1E58DC" box="[814,902,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[229,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[229,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae): A, D–F, female; B, C, G, H, male. A, B, carapace, lateral view; C, carapace, ventral view; D, same, detail of labium–sternum junction; E, detail of female palpal tibia; F, detail of mouthparts; G, abdomen, ventral view; H, same detail of pedicel area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331631/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFC51E7A4FC5A58DB" box="[914,962,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="79.[164,244,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[214,1392,193,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@79.[214,1392,193,1765]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 62. Mysmenopsis penai (Mysmenidae): A–D, female; E–H, male left leg I. A, right palpal tibia, dorsal view; B, right maxilla; C, labrum; D, right chelicera, distal view. E, tibial and metatarsal clasping spines, prolateral view; F, same, detail of tibial clasping spine; G, metatarsus–tarsus junction, dorsal view; H, tarsal organ. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371482/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">62A</figureCitation>
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); and with a modified (stridulatory) field on retrolateral femur I (
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFB81E787FB04593D" box="[1090,1180,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae), legs: A, B, male; C–F, female; A, left leg I, prolateral view, tibia–metatarsus junction bearing clasping spines; B, detail of metatarsal clasping spine; C, right leg I, femur, ventral surface; D, left leg IV, tarsus, prolateral view; E, right leg I, prolateral view, detail of claws; F, right leg I, prolateral view, detail of tarsal organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331633/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFB68E787FB64593C" box="[1195,1276,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="74.[144,224,1789,1808]" captionTargetBox="[162,1404,194,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-0@74.[162,1404,194,1760]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 57. Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Mysmenidae), left legs I: A–E, female; F–J, male. A, femur, prolateral view; B, same, retrolateral view; C, same, detail of stridulatory area; D, same, detail from panel C; E, femoral projection, detail from panel A; F, dorsal view; G, tibial and metatarsal clasping spines, prolateral view; H, metatarsal clasping spines; I, same, detail of strongest clasping spine; J, tibial clasping spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331693/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">57B–D</figureCitation>
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); both sexes also have a stridulatory field on prolateral femur IV (
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFCEDE640FC305960" box="[814,936,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[144,222,1555,1574]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,194,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-129@12.[144,1425,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya; legs: A–C, E, female; D, F, male. A–C, E, left leg IV; D, right leg I; F, right leg IV. A, femur, prolateral view; B, same, detail of stridulatory area, C, same, close up; D, tarsus, dorsal view, tarsal organ; E, claws, retrolateral view; F, tibia, prolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331645/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Figs 9A–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFC75E640FC70597F" box="[950,1000,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="71.[164,241,1622,1641]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-52@71.[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 54. Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Mysmenidae), male paralectotype. A, ocular area, frontal view; B, mouthparts, ventral view. C–G, left leg I; C, tibia and metatarsus, prolateral view; D, metatarsal clasping spine, dorsal view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same, detail of tarsal organ; G, tarsus, prolateral view. H, femur, prolateral–ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371469/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">54H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFC35E640FBBC597F" box="[1014,1060,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="76.[144,223,1646,1665]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,193,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-0@76.[144,1424,193,1616]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 59. Mysmenopsis palpalis (Mysmenidae): A–G, male; H–I, female. B, D, F, left legs, prolateral view. A, prosoma, lateral view; B, tibial and metatarsal clasping spines, leg I; C, ocular area, frontal view; D, tarsus I; E, mouthparts, detail from figure G, ventral view; F, femur IV, detail of stridulatory area; G, prosoma, ventral view; H, epigynum, ventral view; I, spinning field and posterior respiratory spiracle, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371478/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">59F</figureCitation>
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); strong leg I (
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<figureCitation id="131180E410BA939CFB12E640FA115960" box="[1233,1417,1850,1872]" captionStart="Figure 140" captionStartId="156.[144,223,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,194,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-0@156.[189,1380,194,1693]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="Figure 140. Composite images of Mysmenidae species: Mysmenopsinae and Maymena. A–C, Isela okuncana; A, female, lateral view; B, female, ventral view; C, male, ventral view. D–F, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya; D, female, lateral view; E, male, lateral view; F, male, ventral view. G, H, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo; G, female, lateral view; H, male, lateral view. I, Mysmenopsis palpalis, female, ventral view. J, K, Mysmenopsis cidrelicola, male paralectotype; J, lateral view; K, ventral view. L, Mysmenopsis penai, female, dorsal view. M–O, Maymena ambita; M, male, lateral view; N, female, lateral view; O, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–I, L–O, 0.5 mm; J, K, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371583/files/figure.png" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Fig. 140A, D, G</figureCitation>
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; secondary similar legs in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BA939CFB90E623FAA95941" box="[1107,1329,1881,1902]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Mysmenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="779" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penai">
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<emphasis id="B95E407310BA939CFB90E623FAA95941" box="[1107,1329,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="779">Mysmenopsis penai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); tarsal organ located on the middle third of tarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD6FE1BCFC9E5EF4" box="[684,774,198,220]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[164,242,1398,1417]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,196,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-208@11.[164,1445,196,1368]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya; male right leg I: A, metatarsus, dorsal view; B, same, detail of clasping spine; C, same prolateral view; D, tibia, ventral view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same prolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331643/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFF67E19EFF4B5ED5" box="[164,211,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="71.[164,241,1622,1641]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-52@71.[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 54. Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Mysmenidae), male paralectotype. A, ocular area, frontal view; B, mouthparts, ventral view. C–G, left leg I; C, tibia and metatarsus, prolateral view; D, metatarsal clasping spine, dorsal view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same, detail of tarsal organ; G, tarsus, prolateral view. H, femur, prolateral–ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371469/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">54E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFF20E19EFE895ED5" box="[227,273,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="73.[164,243,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-111@73.[164,1445,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 56. Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Mysmenidae): A, B, E–G, male; C, D, female. A, left patella III, dorsal view; B, left leg II, claws; C, abdomen, epigynal area, ventral view; D, same, colulus, posterior respiratory spiracle and spinnerets, ventral view; E, epiandrous spigots; F, left tarsus I, dorsal view; G, mouthparts, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371473/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">56F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and with a teardrop-shaped opening distinctly smaller than setal sockets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD81E079FD005F37" box="[578,664,259,281]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae), legs: A, B, male; C–F, female; A, left leg I, prolateral view, tibia–metatarsus junction bearing clasping spines; B, detail of metatarsal clasping spine; C, right leg I, femur, ventral surface; D, left leg IV, tarsus, prolateral view; E, right leg I, prolateral view, detail of claws; F, right leg I, prolateral view, detail of tarsal organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331633/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD6BE079FD525F37" box="[680,714,259,280]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[144,222,1555,1574]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,194,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-129@12.[144,1425,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya; legs: A–C, E, female; D, F, male. A–C, E, left leg IV; D, right leg I; F, right leg IV. A, femur, prolateral view; B, same, detail of stridulatory area, C, same, close up; D, tarsus, dorsal view, tarsal organ; E, claws, retrolateral view; F, tibia, prolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331645/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">9D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD18E079FC9F5F36" box="[731,775,259,281]" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="71.[164,241,1622,1641]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-52@71.[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 54. Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Mysmenidae), male paralectotype. A, ocular area, frontal view; B, mouthparts, ventral view. C–G, left leg I; C, tibia and metatarsus, prolateral view; D, metatarsal clasping spine, dorsal view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same, detail of tarsal organ; G, tarsus, prolateral view. H, femur, prolateral–ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371469/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">54F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFF67E058FF4E5F17" box="[164,214,290,312]" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="79.[164,244,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[214,1392,193,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-0@79.[214,1392,193,1765]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Figure 62. Mysmenopsis penai (Mysmenidae): A–D, female; E–H, male left leg I. A, right palpal tibia, dorsal view; B, right maxilla; C, labrum; D, right chelicera, distal view. E, tibial and metatarsal clasping spines, prolateral view; F, same, detail of tibial clasping spine; G, metatarsus–tarsus junction, dorsal view; H, tarsal organ. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371482/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">62H</figureCitation>
|
||
); opisthosoma with long and thick setae interspersed among shorter and thinner setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD4DE03AFD675F79" box="[654,767,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 140" captionStartId="156.[144,223,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,194,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-0@156.[189,1380,194,1693]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="Figure 140. Composite images of Mysmenidae species: Mysmenopsinae and Maymena. A–C, Isela okuncana; A, female, lateral view; B, female, ventral view; C, male, ventral view. D–F, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya; D, female, lateral view; E, male, lateral view; F, male, ventral view. G, H, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo; G, female, lateral view; H, male, lateral view. I, Mysmenopsis palpalis, female, ventral view. J, K, Mysmenopsis cidrelicola, male paralectotype; J, lateral view; K, ventral view. L, Mysmenopsis penai, female, dorsal view. M–O, Maymena ambita; M, male, lateral view; N, female, lateral view; O, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–I, L–O, 0.5 mm; J, K, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371583/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Fig. 140A</figureCitation>
|
||
); cylindrical gland spigots on PLS as slim as other spigots, subequal to flagelliform gland spigot; male palpal tibia with scoop-shaped rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE6EE0E6FD9B5F9E" box="[429,515,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,243,1113,1132]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-354@1.[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae), male left palp: A, D, E, ventral view; B, C, dorsal view; C, D, detail of tip of palp; E, detail of cymbial process. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331627/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDD3E0E6FDA95F9E" box="[528,561,412,433]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya, male left palp: A, B, F, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, retrolatero–dorsal view; E, J, retrolateral view; G, I, ventral view; F, detail from figure B; I, detail from figure G. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331635/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDFFE0E6FDF35F9D" box="[572,619,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="70.[144,223,1755,1774]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-0@70.[144,1425,193,1724]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 53. Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Mysmenidae), male paralectotype. A–F, left palp; A, retrolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, retrolateral–ventral view; D, bulb and cymbium, ventral view; E, detail of tibial hollow area; F, bulb and cymbium, retrolateral–ventral view. G, abdomen, pedicel area; H, posterior spinnerets. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331691/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">53B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDB4E0E6FD5D5F9E" box="[631,709,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="72.[144,223,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-122@72.[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 55. Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Mysmenidae), male left palp. A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, retrolateral view; D, tibia, detail from figure A, prolateral view; E, same, detail from figure C, retrolateral view; F, distal view; G, embolus and tip of cymbium, detail from figure A, prolateral view; H, detail of tibial hollow area, ventral view; I, same, detail of spur. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371471/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">55A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD13E0E6FD675F9D" box="[720,767,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="75.[164,242,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@75.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 58. Mysmenopsis palpalis (Mysmenidae): A–G, male; H, female. A–E, left palp; A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, distal view; D, embolus and distal cymbium, ventral view; E, detail of tibial spurs. F, posterior median spinnerets; G, H, posterior lateral spinneret. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371475/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">58A</figureCitation>
|
||
); large palpal tibia (i.e. about one-fifth the size of carapace in lateral view;
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE4BE0A3FE465FC1" box="[392,478,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,243,1113,1132]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-354@1.[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae), male left palp: A, D, E, ventral view; B, C, dorsal view; C, D, detail of tip of palp; E, detail of cymbial process. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331627/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE2AE0A3FD925FC1" box="[489,522,473,494]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya, male left palp: A, B, F, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, retrolatero–dorsal view; E, J, retrolateral view; G, I, ventral view; F, detail from figure B; I, detail from figure G. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331635/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDD6E0A3FDFA5FC0" box="[533,610,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="72.[144,223,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-122@72.[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 55. Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Mysmenidae), male left palp. A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, retrolateral view; D, tibia, detail from figure A, prolateral view; E, same, detail from figure C, retrolateral view; F, distal view; G, embolus and tip of cymbium, detail from figure A, prolateral view; H, detail of tibial hollow area, ventral view; I, same, detail of spur. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371471/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">55A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); and cymbium as long as wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFEBDE082FE455C22" box="[382,477,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,243,1113,1132]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-354@1.[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae), male left palp: A, D, E, ventral view; B, C, dorsal view; C, D, detail of tip of palp; E, detail of cymbial process. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331627/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE2DE082FD8A5C22" box="[494,530,504,525]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya, male left palp: A, B, F, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, retrolatero–dorsal view; E, J, retrolateral view; G, I, ventral view; F, detail from figure B; I, detail from figure G. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331635/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDE0E082FDCE5C21" box="[547,598,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="72.[144,223,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-122@72.[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 55. Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Mysmenidae), male left palp. A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, retrolateral view; D, tibia, detail from figure A, prolateral view; E, same, detail from figure C, retrolateral view; F, distal view; G, embolus and tip of cymbium, detail from figure A, prolateral view; H, detail of tibial hollow area, ventral view; I, same, detail of spur. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371471/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">55B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for this clade include: shorter but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE03E329FD8D5C46" box="[448,533,595,617]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[164,242,1398,1417]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,196,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-208@11.[164,1445,196,1368]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya; male right leg I: A, metatarsus, dorsal view; B, same, detail of clasping spine; C, same prolateral view; D, tibia, ventral view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same prolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331643/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDE6E329FDCE5C46" box="[549,598,595,617]" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="71.[164,241,1622,1641]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-52@71.[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 54. Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Mysmenidae), male paralectotype. A, ocular area, frontal view; B, mouthparts, ventral view. C–G, left leg I; C, tibia and metatarsus, prolateral view; D, metatarsal clasping spine, dorsal view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same, detail of tarsal organ; G, tarsus, prolateral view. H, femur, prolateral–ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371469/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">54G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDA6E329FD0E5C46" box="[613,662,595,617]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="76.[144,223,1646,1665]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,193,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-0@76.[144,1424,193,1616]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 59. Mysmenopsis palpalis (Mysmenidae): A–G, male; H–I, female. B, D, F, left legs, prolateral view. A, prosoma, lateral view; B, tibial and metatarsal clasping spines, leg I; C, ocular area, frontal view; D, tarsus I; E, mouthparts, detail from figure G, ventral view; F, femur IV, detail of stridulatory area; G, prosoma, ventral view; H, epigynum, ventral view; I, spinning field and posterior respiratory spiracle, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371478/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">59D</figureCitation>
|
||
); strongly serrated distal promarginal curved seta on chelicerae; fingerprint cuticle on piriform field (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD8DE3EBFD295C88" box="[590,689,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="78.[144,223,1116,1135]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-352@78.[144,1425,195,1086]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 61. Mysmenopsis penai (Mysmenidae), female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, same, posterior view; C, left anterior lateral spinneret; D, right posterior median spinneret. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371480/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Fig. 61C</figureCitation>
|
||
; rugose in
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BB939DFF02E3D5FE835CEB" box="[193,283,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Kilifina-</emphasis>
|
||
MYSM-002-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33DDCF110BB939DFE5EE3D5FE6F5CEA" box="[413,503,687,709]" name="Kenya" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">KENYA</collectingCountry>
|
||
); minor ampullate (mAP) gland spigot without nubbins or tartipores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD6FE3B4FF225D2D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[164,243,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-129@9.[164,1445,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya; opisthosoma: A–F, female; G, male. A, right anterior lateral spinneret; B, same, left, detail; C, posterior median spinnerets; D, G, posterior lateral spinnerets; E, abdomen, posterior view; F, detail of minor ampullate spigot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331639/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 6C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFF04E396FF6B5D2D" box="[199,243,748,770]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="75.[164,242,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@75.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 58. Mysmenopsis palpalis (Mysmenidae): A–G, male; H, female. A–E, left palp; A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, distal view; D, embolus and distal cymbium, ventral view; E, detail of tibial spurs. F, posterior median spinnerets; G, H, posterior lateral spinneret. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371475/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">58F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFEC3E396FEA95D2D" box="[256,305,748,770]" captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="78.[144,223,1116,1135]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1085]" captionTargetId="figure-352@78.[144,1425,195,1086]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 61. Mysmenopsis penai (Mysmenidae), female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, same, posterior view; C, left anterior lateral spinneret; D, right posterior median spinneret. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371480/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">61D</figureCitation>
|
||
); males with palpal tibial bearing spinelike strong setae or spurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE0EE271FDDB5D0E" box="[461,579,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,243,1113,1132]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-354@1.[164,1444,195,1084]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae), male left palp: A, D, E, ventral view; B, C, dorsal view; C, D, detail of tip of palp; E, detail of cymbial process. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331627/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD8CE271FD085D0E" box="[591,656,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[164,243,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[226,1381,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya, male left palp: A, B, F, prolateral view; C, dorsal view; D, retrolatero–dorsal view; E, J, retrolateral view; G, I, ventral view; F, detail from figure B; I, detail from figure G. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331635/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">4A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD58E271FD515D0E" box="[667,713,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="70.[144,223,1755,1774]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-0@70.[144,1425,193,1724]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="Figure 53. Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Mysmenidae), male paralectotype. A–F, left palp; A, retrolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, retrolateral–ventral view; D, bulb and cymbium, ventral view; E, detail of tibial hollow area; F, bulb and cymbium, retrolateral–ventral view. G, abdomen, pedicel area; H, posterior spinnerets. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331691/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">53E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD16E271FC9E5D0E" box="[725,774,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="72.[144,223,1507,1526]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-122@72.[144,1424,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 55. Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Mysmenidae), male left palp. A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, retrolateral view; D, tibia, detail from figure A, prolateral view; E, same, detail from figure C, retrolateral view; F, distal view; G, embolus and tip of cymbium, detail from figure A, prolateral view; H, detail of tibial hollow area, ventral view; I, same, detail of spur. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371471/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">55H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFF67E250FF495D6F" box="[164,209,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="75.[164,242,1821,1840]" captionTargetBox="[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-0@75.[228,1380,194,1791]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figure 58. Mysmenopsis palpalis (Mysmenidae): A–G, male; H, female. A–E, left palp; A, prolateral view; B, dorsal view; C, distal view; D, embolus and distal cymbium, ventral view; E, detail of tibial spurs. F, posterior median spinnerets; G, H, posterior lateral spinneret. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371475/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">58E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFF1FE250FE915D6F" box="[220,265,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="77.[164,242,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-0@77.[202,1406,194,1768]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figure 60. Mysmenopsis penai (Mysmenidae): A–F, male right palp, inverted; G, H, female digested abdomen. A, ventral view; B, same, detail of tibial hollow area; C, distal view; D, same, detail of embolus and cymbium; E, tibial spurs, detail from panel B; F, embolus and distal cymbium; G, posterior tracheal system; H, anterior tracheal system and vulva. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331695/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">60B</figureCitation>
|
||
); switchback I of spermatic duct close to fundus after passing through the distalmost wall of the bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFF6FE21DFED95D53" box="[172,321,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 131" captionStartId="147.[164,242,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[219,1397,202,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-0@147.[209,1400,194,1701]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="Figure 131. Mysmenidae male left palp (unless otherwise stated), cleared: A, Mysmenopsis penai, retrolateral view, right palp, inverted; B, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo, retrolateral view; C, Mysmenopsis cidrelicola, presumably paralectotype, retrolateral view, right palp, inverted; D, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, ventral view, right palp, inverted; E, Trogloneta granulum, ventral view; F, Trogloneta cantareira, ventral view; G, Kilifina-MYSM-002- KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya, dorsal view, right palp, inverted; H, Isela okuncana, ventral view; I, Maymena ambita, ventral view; J, Maymena mayana, ventral view. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371573/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Fig. 131C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
; distal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BB939DFE7FE21DFE6A5D53" authorityName="Griswold" authorityYear="1985" box="[444,498,871,892]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Isela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BB939DFE7FE21DFE6A5D53" box="[444,498,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Isela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and metatarsal clasping spine twisted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFEBAE2FFFE4B5DB4" box="[377,467,901,923]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1558,1577]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[144,1425,195,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Isela okuncana (Mysmenidae), legs: A, B, male; C–F, female; A, left leg I, prolateral view, tibia–metatarsus junction bearing clasping spines; B, detail of metatarsal clasping spine; C, right leg I, femur, ventral surface; D, left leg IV, tarsus, prolateral view; E, right leg I, prolateral view, detail of claws; F, right leg I, prolateral view, detail of tarsal organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331633/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE23E2FCFDBA5DB4" box="[480,546,902,923]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[164,242,1398,1417]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,196,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-208@11.[164,1445,196,1368]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp., Mysmenidae) from Kwale, Kenya; male right leg I: A, metatarsus, dorsal view; B, same, detail of clasping spine; C, same prolateral view; D, tibia, ventral view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same prolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331643/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDECE2FCFD125DB4" box="[559,650,902,923]" captionStart="Figure 140" captionStartId="156.[144,223,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,194,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-0@156.[189,1380,194,1693]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="Figure 140. Composite images of Mysmenidae species: Mysmenopsinae and Maymena. A–C, Isela okuncana; A, female, lateral view; B, female, ventral view; C, male, ventral view. D–F, Kilifina-MYSM-002-KENYA (Isela sp.), from Kwale, Kenya; D, female, lateral view; E, male, lateral view; F, male, ventral view. G, H, Mysmenopsis dipluramigo; G, female, lateral view; H, male, lateral view. I, Mysmenopsis palpalis, female, ventral view. J, K, Mysmenopsis cidrelicola, male paralectotype; J, lateral view; K, ventral view. L, Mysmenopsis penai, female, dorsal view. M–O, Maymena ambita; M, male, lateral view; N, female, lateral view; O, female, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–I, L–O, 0.5 mm; J, K, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371583/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">140E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or strongly curved proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFE66E2DEFD965D95" box="[421,526,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="71.[164,241,1622,1641]" captionTargetBox="[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-52@71.[164,1445,195,1592]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 54. Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Mysmenidae), male paralectotype. A, ocular area, frontal view; B, mouthparts, ventral view. C–G, left leg I; C, tibia and metatarsus, prolateral view; D, metatarsal clasping spine, dorsal view; E, tarsus, dorsal view; F, same, detail of tarsal organ; G, tarsus, prolateral view. H, femur, prolateral–ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371469/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Figs 54D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFDDFE2DEFDDC5D95" box="[540,580,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="74.[144,224,1789,1808]" captionTargetBox="[162,1404,194,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-0@74.[162,1404,194,1760]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 57. Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Mysmenidae), left legs I: A–E, female; F–J, male. A, femur, prolateral view; B, same, retrolateral view; C, same, detail of stridulatory area; D, same, detail from panel C; E, femoral projection, detail from panel A; F, dorsal view; G, tibial and metatarsal clasping spines, prolateral view; H, metatarsal clasping spines; I, same, detail of strongest clasping spine; J, tibial clasping spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5331693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5331693/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">57I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131180E410BB939DFD91E2DEFD1B5D95" box="[594,643,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="76.[144,223,1646,1665]" captionTargetBox="[144,1424,193,1615]" captionTargetId="figure-0@76.[144,1424,193,1616]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 59. Mysmenopsis palpalis (Mysmenidae): A–G, male; H–I, female. B, D, F, left legs, prolateral view. A, prosoma, lateral view; B, tibial and metatarsal clasping spines, leg I; C, ocular area, frontal view; D, tarsus I; E, mouthparts, detail from figure G, ventral view; F, femur IV, detail of stridulatory area; G, prosoma, ventral view; H, epigynum, ventral view; I, spinning field and posterior respiratory spiracle, posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5371478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5371478/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">59B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330CFEA10BB939DFF67E57AFF455941" pageId="253" pageNumber="780" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BB939DFF67E57AFE8C5A3A" blockId="253.[164,779,1024,1902]" box="[164,276,1024,1045]" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BB939DFF67E57AFE8C5A3A" box="[164,276,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959C6110BB939DFF67E564FF455941" blockId="253.[164,779,1024,1902]" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BB939DFF67E564FEF85A1B" box="[164,352,1054,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mysmenopsinae">Mysmenopsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BB939DFD51E565FC9C5A1B" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1960" box="[658,772,1055,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Maymena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BB939DFD51E565FC9C5A1B" box="[658,772,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Maymena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BB939DFF67E547FE845A7D" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1922" box="[164,284,1085,1106]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" genus="Trogloneta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E407310BB939DFF67E547FE845A7D" box="[164,284,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="780">Trogloneta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BB939DFDC8E547FD055A7C" authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1928" box="[523,669,1085,1107]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmemidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="780" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mysmeninae">Mysmeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by: their kleptoparasitic lifestyle; a stridulatory field on prolateral femur IV; strong leg I; tarsal organ located on the middle third of tarsus, and with a teardrop-shaped opening distinctly smaller than setal sockets; mAP gland spigot without nubbins or tartipores; opisthosoma with long and thick setae interspersed among shorter and thinner setae; females with between three and five palpal tibial trichobothria; without aggregate gland spigots on PLS; and with a modified (stridulatory) field on retrolateral femur I; and males with large palpal tibia bearing spinelike strong setae or spurs. The following combination of features is unique for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AE7E210BB939DFE7BE4D6FDF75BED" box="[440,623,1452,1474]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="781" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mysmenopsinae">Mysmenopsinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: females with narrow copulatory ducts of uniform diameter; males with metatarsal clasping spine twisted or strongly curved proximally; prolateral apical clasping spine on tibia I; shorter but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I; relatively small cymbium and bulb; palpal tibial with scoop-shaped rim; cymbium as long as wide; loss of tegular conductor; switchback I of spermatic duct close to fundus after passing through the distalmost wall of the bulb; both sexes also have femoral macrosetae; cylindrical gland spigots on PLS as slim as other spigots, subequal to flagelliform; strongly serrated distal promarginal curved seta on chelicerae; and fingerprint cuticle on piriform field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |