treatments-xml/data/03/F5/87/03F5878CFFD6FFE975D1A9DBC3F1AEE6.xml

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<mods:title id="223FBF188734B283F2DF94E2D48839F1">Four new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae s. str (Diptera) from Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6C6966E01C47D8B6D451E591D1F6F1C">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0989FE2F677A43D676038188571B92F">Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B4FB7BD628F76B1078739E4FC4CD138">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. willkenia @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7260 - 5760</mods:affiliation>
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Key to the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA74DBA9DBC42FAFAB" ID-CoL="5JPS" ID-ENA="1713957" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1817" box="[413,578,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA74DBA9DBC42FAFAB" bold="true" box="[413,578,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Macrostomus</emphasis>
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in 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA772EA9DBC4C9AFAB" box="[616,676,982,1008]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
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<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AE16C3F1A816" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">1 Thorax yellow on mesopleuron, sometimes darker on scutum, scutellum and mediotergite or scutum with black mid-longitudinal stripes........................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AE5BC3F1A831" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" box="[151,1436,1109,1131]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AE5BC3F1A831" box="[151,1436,1109,1131]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">- Thorax mainly black, sometimes with prosternum, postpronotal and postalar lobes partially yellow.................... 8</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AE7EC3F1A898" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
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2 Wing distinctly with brown to black infuscation at level of crossveins r-m and dm-m (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA715EAE7FC209A8D3" box="[1048,1124,1138,1160]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,906,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-207@7.[150,1437,905,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomus pictipennis (Bezzi, 1909) from Cuzco, Peru. ♂ (A–D). A. Wing; B. Tergite 8, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Hypandrium, lateral view. ♀ (E–F). E. Mid leg, posterior view; F. Hind leg, posterior view. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–D = 0.2 mm; E–F = 0.5 mm (figures after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2010)).Abbreviations: dm–m—discal medial crossvein; epand, epandrium; r–m—radial–medial crossvein; t, tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921361/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Female with pinnate setae dorsally and ventrally on mid femur (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA776DAE9DC41EA8FD" box="[555,627,1168,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,906,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-207@7.[150,1437,905,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomus pictipennis (Bezzi, 1909) from Cuzco, Peru. ♂ (A–D). A. Wing; B. Tergite 8, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Hypandrium, lateral view. ♀ (E–F). E. Mid leg, posterior view; F. Hind leg, posterior view. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–D = 0.2 mm; E–F = 0.5 mm (figures after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2010)).Abbreviations: dm–m—discal medial crossvein; epand, epandrium; r–m—radial–medial crossvein; t, tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921361/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
) and a few short pinnate setae on basal fourth of mid tibia ventrally and hind femur and tibia with pinnate setae dorsally and ventrally (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA778BAEA0C579A898" box="[717,788,1197,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,906,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-207@7.[150,1437,905,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrostomus pictipennis (Bezzi, 1909) from Cuzco, Peru. ♂ (A–D). A. Wing; B. Tergite 8, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Hypandrium, lateral view. ♀ (E–F). E. Mid leg, posterior view; F. Hind leg, posterior view. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–D = 0.2 mm; E–F = 0.5 mm (figures after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2010)).Abbreviations: dm–m—discal medial crossvein; epand, epandrium; r–m—radial–medial crossvein; t, tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921361/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
) (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA766EAEA0C51FA898" box="[808,882,1197,1219]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA763AAEA3C5C7A898" box="[892,938,1198,1219]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
)...................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA7180AEA3C3F1A898" ID-CoL="3XBBD" authority="(Bezzi)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1222,1436,1197,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA7180AEA3C322A898" box="[1222,1359,1198,1219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">M. pictipennis</emphasis>
(Bezzi)
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- Wing without dark infuscation at level of crossveins r-m and dm-m (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7633AEC7C58FA8BB" box="[885,994,1226,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[241,1337,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[237,1351,181,1743]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrostomus contortus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. idem, dorsal view; C. Right hind leg; D. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; E. Tergite 8, dorsal view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Dorsal hypoproctal lobe, postero-mesial process of anterior cercus and ventral process of cercus; L. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–C = 1 mm; D–G, I–L = 0.2 mm; H, M = 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921353/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA76AAAEC6C274A8BA" box="[1004,1049,1227,1249]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[159,1437,312,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-52@14.[150,1437,308,1202]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Macrostomus ciliaticosta Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–E). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating the membranous area); E. Phallus, posterior view. ♀ (F–G). F. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; G. Apex of abdomen, dorsal pieces in dorsal view, ventral pieces in ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, F, G = 0.3 mm; C–E = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; epand, epandrium; gen fk, genital fork; gen ch, genital chamber; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; st, sternite; t, tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921377/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">10A</figureCitation>
). Female with pinnate setae restricted to hind tibia or absent................................................................................... 3
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<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AF08C3F1A941" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" box="[151,1436,1285,1307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
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3 Thorax with one mid-longitudinal black dorsal stripe between dorsocentral setae (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA76B2AF08C224A940" box="[1012,1097,1285,1307]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[202,1375,189,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[201,1385,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 13. Macrostomus unilineatus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Head and thorax, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium, detached, lateral view; H. Epandrium posterior view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus, ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Anterior anterior cercus and cercal bridge, anterolateral view; L. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; M. Posterior cercus, hypoproctal lobes and ventral process of cercus, posterior view; N. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view (white arrow indicating the membranous area); O. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); P. Holotype and paratype labels. Scale bars, figure A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C, E–F, J = 0.3 mm; D, G–I, K–O= 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; subepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921387/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
).......................... 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AF2EC3F1A963" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" box="[151,1436,1314,1336]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AF2EC3F1A963" box="[151,1436,1314,1336]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">- Thorax without mid-longitudinal black dorsal stripe......................................................... 5</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="30A82E3FFFD6FFEA75D1AF4DC5DEAA78" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AF4DC3F1A9F6" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AF4DC3F1A9F6" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
4 Thorax with wide mid-longitudinal stripe, as wide as area between dorsocentral setae (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7171AF4DC2FCA90D" box="[1079,1169,1344,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[202,1375,189,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[201,1385,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 13. Macrostomus unilineatus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Head and thorax, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium, detached, lateral view; H. Epandrium posterior view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus, ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Anterior anterior cercus and cercal bridge, anterolateral view; L. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; M. Posterior cercus, hypoproctal lobes and ventral process of cercus, posterior view; N. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view (white arrow indicating the membranous area); O. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); P. Holotype and paratype labels. Scale bars, figure A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C, E–F, J = 0.3 mm; D, G–I, K–O= 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; subepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921387/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Male: hind tibia with tuft of some 15 slender and longer dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA77D4AF50C480A928" box="[658,749,1373,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[202,1375,189,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[201,1385,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 13. Macrostomus unilineatus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Head and thorax, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium, detached, lateral view; H. Epandrium posterior view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus, ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Anterior anterior cercus and cercal bridge, anterolateral view; L. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; M. Posterior cercus, hypoproctal lobes and ventral process of cercus, posterior view; N. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view (white arrow indicating the membranous area); O. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); P. Holotype and paratype labels. Scale bars, figure A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C, E–F, J = 0.3 mm; D, G–I, K–O= 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; subepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921387/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
). Tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7622AF50C5D1A928" box="[868,956,1373,1395]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[202,1375,189,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[201,1385,181,1626]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 13. Macrostomus unilineatus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Head and thorax, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium, detached, lateral view; H. Epandrium posterior view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus, ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Anterior anterior cercus and cercal bridge, anterolateral view; L. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; M. Posterior cercus, hypoproctal lobes and ventral process of cercus, posterior view; N. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view (white arrow indicating the membranous area); O. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); P. Holotype and paratype labels. Scale bars, figure A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C, E–F, J = 0.3 mm; D, G–I, K–O= 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; subepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921387/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
) in dorsal view with elongate projection notched medially. Female: Genital fork wide with U-shaped mid-distal cleft (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA763FAF77C5BEA9CA" box="[889,979,1402,1425]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="21.[151,250,767,791]" captionTargetBox="[158,1433,194,731]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[153,1434,181,743]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 14. Macrostomus unilineatus sp. nov., paratype ♀. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, tergites 9+10 and cercus (inferior pieces), dorsal view, sternite 8, ventral view; D. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 2 mm; B = 0.3 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations: gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921389/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
). Genital chamber membranous with two small sclerites (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7478AF95C7F9A9F5" box="[318,404,1432,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="21.[151,250,767,791]" captionTargetBox="[158,1433,194,731]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[153,1434,181,743]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 14. Macrostomus unilineatus sp. nov., paratype ♀. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, tergites 9+10 and cercus (inferior pieces), dorsal view, sternite 8, ventral view; D. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 2 mm; B = 0.3 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations: gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921389/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
) (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA74EEAF95C7BAA9F5" box="[424,471,1432,1454]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
)............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA71F9AF95C327A9F6" ID-CoL="9HTXK" authority="Rafael &amp; Marques, 2021" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2021" box="[1215,1354,1432,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unilineatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA71F9AF95C327A9F6" box="[1215,1354,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">M. unilineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA7016AF95C3F1A9F6" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1432,1453]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57F3FFD6FFEA7016AF95C3F1A9F6" box="[1360,1436,1432,1453]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AFBBC5DEAA78" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AFBBC5DEAA78" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
- Thorax with narrow mid-longitudinal stripe, narrower than area between dorsocentral setae (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7123AFB8C2D0A990" box="[1125,1213,1461,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[223,1369,185,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[218,1369,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Macrostomus lineatus Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–N). A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium, lateral view; G. Epandrium, posterodorsal view; H. Cerci lobes, lateral view; I. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge, ventral process of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Cerci lobes, posterior view; L. Cercal bridge, mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal and ventral hypoproctal lobes, anterodorsal view; M. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; N. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (O–Q). O. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; P. Tergite 8, tergite 9+10 and cerci (inferior piece), dorsal view; sternite 8, ventral view; Q. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–Q = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l, anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; b scl, baciliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921383/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). Male: hind tibia with four dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA74CDAFDFC789A9B2" box="[395,484,1490,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[223,1369,185,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[218,1369,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Macrostomus lineatus Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–N). A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium, lateral view; G. Epandrium, posterodorsal view; H. Cerci lobes, lateral view; I. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge, ventral process of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Cerci lobes, posterior view; L. Cercal bridge, mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal and ventral hypoproctal lobes, anterodorsal view; M. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; N. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (O–Q). O. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; P. Tergite 8, tergite 9+10 and cerci (inferior piece), dorsal view; sternite 8, ventral view; Q. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–Q = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l, anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; b scl, baciliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921383/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7715AFDFC4C4A9B2" box="[595,681,1490,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[223,1369,185,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[218,1369,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Macrostomus lineatus Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–N). A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium, lateral view; G. Epandrium, posterodorsal view; H. Cerci lobes, lateral view; I. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge, ventral process of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Cerci lobes, posterior view; L. Cercal bridge, mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal and ventral hypoproctal lobes, anterodorsal view; M. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; N. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (O–Q). O. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; P. Tergite 8, tergite 9+10 and cerci (inferior piece), dorsal view; sternite 8, ventral view; Q. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–Q = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l, anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; b scl, baciliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921383/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
) with bifid distal projection. Hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7105AFDFC2F0A9B2" box="[1091,1181,1490,1513]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[223,1369,185,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[218,1369,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Macrostomus lineatus Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–N). A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium, lateral view; G. Epandrium, posterodorsal view; H. Cerci lobes, lateral view; I. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge, ventral process of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Cerci lobes, posterior view; L. Cercal bridge, mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal and ventral hypoproctal lobes, anterodorsal view; M. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; N. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (O–Q). O. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; P. Tergite 8, tergite 9+10 and cerci (inferior piece), dorsal view; sternite 8, ventral view; Q. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–Q = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l, anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; b scl, baciliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921383/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 12M</figureCitation>
) with a few posterior setae basally and distinct process medially. Female: Genital fork (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7663AFFDC511AA5D" box="[805,892,1520,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[223,1369,185,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[218,1369,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Macrostomus lineatus Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–N). A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium, lateral view; G. Epandrium, posterodorsal view; H. Cerci lobes, lateral view; I. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge, ventral process of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Cerci lobes, posterior view; L. Cercal bridge, mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal and ventral hypoproctal lobes, anterodorsal view; M. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; N. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (O–Q). O. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; P. Tergite 8, tergite 9+10 and cerci (inferior piece), dorsal view; sternite 8, ventral view; Q. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–Q = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l, anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; b scl, baciliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921383/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 12Q</figureCitation>
) with indistinct V-shaped cleft distally. Genital chamber membranous (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA742DAC00C7AFAA78" box="[363,450,1549,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[223,1369,185,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[218,1369,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Macrostomus lineatus Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–N). A. Habitus, lateral view, before abdomen dissected; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium, lateral view; G. Epandrium, posterodorsal view; H. Cerci lobes, lateral view; I. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge, ventral process of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Cerci lobes, posterior view; L. Cercal bridge, mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal and ventral hypoproctal lobes, anterodorsal view; M. Hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; N. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (O–Q). O. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; P. Tergite 8, tergite 9+10 and cerci (inferior piece), dorsal view; sternite 8, ventral view; Q. Genital fork and genital chamber, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–Q = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l, anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; b scl, baciliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921383/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 12Q</figureCitation>
) (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA7490AC00C444AA78" box="[470,553,1549,1571]" name="Ecuador" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA7774AC03C40DAA78" box="[562,608,1550,1571]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
) ... 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA77C2AC03C5DEAA78" ID-CoL="3XBB3" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2006" box="[644,947,1549,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA77C2AC03C49DAA79" box="[644,752,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">M. lineatus</emphasis>
Rafael &amp; Cumming
</taxonomicName>
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</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A82E3FFFD6FFEA75D1AC27C3F1AA20" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AC27C3F1AA05" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AC27C3F1AA05" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD13FFD6FFEA75D1AC27C744AA1B" box="[151,297,1578,1600]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" type="female">5 Female</specimenCount>
hind tarsus at least with tarsomere 1 whitish to silvery (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7614AC27C5E3AA1A" box="[850,910,1578,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,763,787]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,280,730]" captionTargetId="figure-58@3.[155,1433,273,739]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrostomus argyrotarsis (Bezzi, 1909). Peruvian specimen, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921351/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). 
<location id="8E836041FFD6FFEA76E7AC27C5B8AA1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5878CFFD6FFE975D1A9DBC3F1AEE6:8E836041FFD6FFEA76E7AC27C5B8AA1B" box="[929,981,1578,1600]" country="Bolivia" municipality="Male" name="Wing" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Wing</location>
(
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA76A2AC27C272AA1A" box="[996,1055,1578,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,763,787]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,280,730]" captionTargetId="figure-58@3.[155,1433,273,739]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Macrostomus argyrotarsis (Bezzi, 1909). Peruvian specimen, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921351/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) distinctly brown infuscated. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACE0FFD6FFEA7005AC27C319AA1B" box="[1347,1396,1578,1600]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Male</collectingMunicipality>
unknown (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA7476AC45C715AA05" box="[304,376,1608,1630]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA74E1AC45C7B8AA06" box="[423,469,1608,1629]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
)............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA71FDAC45C3F1AA05" ID-CoL="6R3V2" authority="(Bezzi)" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1211,1436,1608,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyrotarsis">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA71FDAC45C33DAA06" box="[1211,1360,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">M. argyrotarsis</emphasis>
(Bezzi)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AC6BC3F1AA20" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" box="[151,1436,1637,1659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AC6BC3F1AA20" box="[151,1436,1637,1659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">- Hind tarsus entirely brown to black. Wing normally without brown infuscation.................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A82E3FFFD6FFEA75D1AC8FC3F1AB70" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AC8FC3F1AAAB" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AC8FC3F1AAAB" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
6 Two pairs of ocellar setae. Male hind femur not crooked, with slightly short stouter setae not concentrated medially (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA707FAC8FC3FFAAC2" box="[1337,1426,1666,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[159,1437,312,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-52@14.[150,1437,308,1202]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Macrostomus ciliaticosta Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–E). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating the membranous area); E. Phallus, posterior view. ♀ (F–G). F. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; G. Apex of abdomen, dorsal pieces in dorsal view, ventral pieces in ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, F, G = 0.3 mm; C–E = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; epand, epandrium; gen fk, genital fork; gen ch, genital chamber; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; st, sternite; t, tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921377/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
). Female: hind tibia with short dorsal pinnate setae; sternite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7664ACADC515AAED" box="[802,888,1696,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[159,1437,312,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-52@14.[150,1437,308,1202]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Macrostomus ciliaticosta Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–E). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating the membranous area); E. Phallus, posterior view. ♀ (F–G). F. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; G. Apex of abdomen, dorsal pieces in dorsal view, ventral pieces in ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, F, G = 0.3 mm; C–E = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; epand, epandrium; gen fk, genital fork; gen ch, genital chamber; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; st, sternite; t, tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921377/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
) with subapical paired sclerotized protuberance, medially with longitudinal, somewhat membranous line, laterally less sclerotized. Genital fork (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA715AACB0C2E3AA88" box="[1052,1166,1725,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[159,1437,312,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-52@14.[150,1437,308,1202]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Macrostomus ciliaticosta Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. ♂ (A–E). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating the membranous area); E. Phallus, posterior view. ♀ (F–G). F. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; G. Apex of abdomen, dorsal pieces in dorsal view, ventral pieces in ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, F, G = 0.3 mm; C–E = 0.2 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; epand, epandrium; gen fk, genital fork; gen ch, genital chamber; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; st, sternite; t, tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921377/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Figs 10F, G</figureCitation>
) Y-shaped (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA7046ACB0C353AA88" box="[1280,1342,1725,1747]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA7001ACB0C3F4AA88" box="[1351,1433,1725,1747]" name="Ecuador" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA75A4ACD6C77DAAAB" box="[226,272,1755,1776]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
)................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA7108ACD6C3F1AAAB" ID-CoL="6R472" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2006" box="[1102,1436,1754,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliaticosta">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA7108ACD6C2B4AAB4" box="[1102,1241,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">M. ciliaticosta</emphasis>
Rafael &amp; Cumming
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1ACF5C3F1AB70" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1ACF5C3F1AB70" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
- One pair of ocellar setae. Male hind femur distinctly crooked (sinuose) (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA76F0ACF5C24BAB55" box="[950,1062,1784,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[241,1337,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[237,1351,181,1743]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrostomus contortus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. idem, dorsal view; C. Right hind leg; D. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; E. Tergite 8, dorsal view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Dorsal hypoproctal lobe, postero-mesial process of anterior cercus and ventral process of cercus; L. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–C = 1 mm; D–G, I–L = 0.2 mm; H, M = 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921353/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
) or clavate (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA71E0ACF5C375AB56" box="[1190,1304,1784,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[251,1325,202,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[246,1340,201,1668]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Macrostomus chelicercus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. Mid and hind legs, lateral view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium and cerci, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Posterior mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and apex of ventral projection of cercus, posterior view; K. Mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and cercal bridge, dorsal view; L. Hypandrium, phallus and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view; N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921371/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Figs 8A, B</figureCitation>
). Female unknown............................................................................................. 7
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<keyStep id="30A82E3FFFD6FFEA75D1AD3EC3F1AB81" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AD3EC3F1ABD9" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AD3EC3F1ABD9" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
7 Thorax entirely shiny yellow (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7747AD3FC406AB13" box="[513,619,1842,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[241,1337,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[237,1351,181,1743]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrostomus contortus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. idem, dorsal view; C. Right hind leg; D. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; E. Tergite 8, dorsal view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Dorsal hypoproctal lobe, postero-mesial process of anterior cercus and ventral process of cercus; L. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–C = 1 mm; D–G, I–L = 0.2 mm; H, M = 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921353/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Hind femur distinctly crooked (sinuose), with dorsal and ventral setae at curved area denser (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7468AD5DC7F1AB3D" box="[302,412,1872,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[241,1337,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[237,1351,181,1743]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Macrostomus contortus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. idem, dorsal view; C. Right hind leg; D. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; E. Tergite 8, dorsal view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Cerci lobes, lateral view; J. Cercal bridge of anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; K. Dorsal hypoproctal lobe, postero-mesial process of anterior cercus and ventral process of cercus; L. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view (alveoli highlighted); N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–C = 1 mm; D–G, I–L = 0.2 mm; H, M = 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; m ce, median cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite; vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921353/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
). Mid femur slightly clavate, mainly in dorsal view, with short posteroventral row of spines at distal third (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA75AEAD60C77AABD8" box="[232,279,1901,1923]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
)............................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA7189AD63C327ABD8" ID-CoL="9HWXW" authority="Rafael &amp; Marques, 2021" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2021" box="[1231,1354,1902,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contortus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA7189AD63C327ABD8" box="[1231,1354,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">M. contortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA7016AD60C3F1ABD9" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1901,1922]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57F3FFD6FFEA7016AD60C3F1ABD9" box="[1360,1436,1901,1922]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD6FFEA75D1AD86C3F1AB81" blockId="21.[151,1437,1050,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1AD86C3F1AB81" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
- Thorax yellow laterally, shiny brown to black on pronotum, mesonotum and scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA7169AD87C210ABFA" box="[1071,1149,1930,1953]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[251,1325,202,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[246,1340,201,1668]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Macrostomus chelicercus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. Mid and hind legs, lateral view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium and cerci, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Posterior mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and apex of ventral projection of cercus, posterior view; K. Mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and cercal bridge, dorsal view; L. Hypandrium, phallus and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view; N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921371/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Hind femur clavate, without dorsal and ventral setae as above (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA776CADA5C418ABE5" box="[554,629,1960,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[251,1325,202,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[246,1340,201,1668]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Macrostomus chelicercus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. Mid and hind legs, lateral view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium and cerci, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Posterior mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and apex of ventral projection of cercus, posterior view; K. Mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and cercal bridge, dorsal view; L. Hypandrium, phallus and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view; N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921371/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Mid and hind femora and tibiae slightly curved (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD6FFEA711FADA5C2CFABE5" box="[1113,1186,1960,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1691,1715]" captionTargetBox="[251,1325,202,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[246,1340,201,1668]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Macrostomus chelicercus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view before abdomen dissected; B. Mid and hind legs, lateral view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; F. Sternite 8, ventral view; G. Epandrium and cerci, lateral view; H. Epandrium detached, lateral view; I. Anterior cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Posterior mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and apex of ventral projection of cercus, posterior view; K. Mesial process of anterior cercus, dorsal hypoproct lobe and cercal bridge, dorsal view; L. Hypandrium, phallus and ejaculatory apodeme, lateral view; M. Hypandrium, posterior view; N. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A–B = 1 mm; C–M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; ad l anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; ej apod, ejaculatory apodeme; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; pd l, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921371/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
) (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD6FFEA71F0ADA5C288ABE5" box="[1206,1253,1960,1982]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">Peru</collectingCountry>
)............................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD6FFEA71FBADCBC324AB81" ID-CoL="9HTKZ" authority="Rafael &amp; Marques, 2021" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2021" box="[1213,1353,1989,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelicercus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA71FBADCBC324AB81" box="[1213,1353,1989,2011]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">M. chelicercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD6FFEA7016ADC8C3F1AB81" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1989,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57F3FFD6FFEA7016ADC8C3F1AB81" box="[1360,1436,1989,2010]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD6FFEA75D1ADEEC3F1ABA3" box="[151,1436,2018,2040]" pageId="21" pageNumber="527">8 Two pairs of ocellar setae.............................................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD5FFE975D1AA95C3F1ACF6" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">- One pair of ocellar setae.............................................................................. 10</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD5FFE975D1AAB8C3F1AD78" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD5FFE975D1AAB8C3F1AD78" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
9 Tergite 8 humped with microspinulose lateral expansion (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97648AAB8C516AC90" box="[782,891,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[237,1346,182,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[231,1356,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrostomus limbipennis (Bezzi, 1909). ♂ (A–K). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; G. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; H. Idem, posterior view; I. Apex of ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Hypandrium, lateral view; K. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (L–M). L. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; M. Sternite 8 (inferior piece), genital fork, genital chamber and spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, L = 0.3 mm; C–K, M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; b scl, bacilliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; ph, phallus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; spmth, spermatheca; st, sternite; t, tergite; v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–L = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 6B, C</figureCitation>
); posterior cercus enlarged distally (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE9719FAAB8C32FAC91" box="[1241,1346,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[237,1346,182,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[231,1356,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrostomus limbipennis (Bezzi, 1909). ♂ (A–K). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; G. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; H. Idem, posterior view; I. Apex of ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Hypandrium, lateral view; K. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (L–M). L. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; M. Sternite 8 (inferior piece), genital fork, genital chamber and spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, L = 0.3 mm; C–K, M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; b scl, bacilliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; ph, phallus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; spmth, spermatheca; st, sternite; t, tergite; v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–L = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 6E, F</figureCitation>
); cell dm slightly projected posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97743AADFC43FACB3" box="[517,594,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[237,1346,182,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[231,1356,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrostomus limbipennis (Bezzi, 1909). ♂ (A–K). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; G. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; H. Idem, posterior view; I. Apex of ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Hypandrium, lateral view; K. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (L–M). L. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; M. Sternite 8 (inferior piece), genital fork, genital chamber and spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, L = 0.3 mm; C–K, M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; b scl, bacilliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; ph, phallus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; spmth, spermatheca; st, sternite; t, tergite; v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–L = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE977ACAADFC540ACB3" box="[746,813,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[237,1346,182,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[231,1356,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrostomus limbipennis (Bezzi, 1909). ♂ (A–K). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; G. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; H. Idem, posterior view; I. Apex of ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Hypandrium, lateral view; K. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (L–M). L. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; M. Sternite 8 (inferior piece), genital fork, genital chamber and spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, L = 0.3 mm; C–K, M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; b scl, bacilliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; ph, phallus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; spmth, spermatheca; st, sternite; t, tergite; v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–L = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
) somewhat same diameter along entire length, with posterior setae. Female sternite 8 narrow and split at basal fourth (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE977A2AAE2C53FAD5E" box="[740,850,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[237,1346,182,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[231,1356,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrostomus limbipennis (Bezzi, 1909). ♂ (A–K). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; G. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; H. Idem, posterior view; I. Apex of ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Hypandrium, lateral view; K. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (L–M). L. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; M. Sternite 8 (inferior piece), genital fork, genital chamber and spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, L = 0.3 mm; C–K, M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; b scl, bacilliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; ph, phallus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; spmth, spermatheca; st, sternite; t, tergite; v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–L = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 6L, M</figureCitation>
). Genital chamber well sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE971EEAAE2C29BAD5E" box="[1192,1270,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1669,1693]" captionTargetBox="[237,1346,182,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[231,1356,181,1645]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrostomus limbipennis (Bezzi, 1909). ♂ (A–K). A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, epandrium detached, left lateral view; G. Anterior cercus, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; H. Idem, posterior view; I. Apex of ventral projection of cercus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; J. Hypandrium, lateral view; K. Hypandrium, posterior view. ♀ (L–M). L. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; M. Sternite 8 (inferior piece), genital fork, genital chamber and spermatheca, ventral view. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B, L = 0.3 mm; C–K, M = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; b scl, bacilliform sclerite; c brd, cercal bridge; d hyprct l, dorsal hypoproctal lobe; gen ch, genital chamber; gen fk, genital fork; hypd, hypandrium; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; ph, phallus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; spmth, spermatheca; st, sternite; t, tergite; v hyprct l, ventral hypoproctal lobe; vpc, ventral process of cerci. Scale bars, figure A = 1 mm; B–L = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921365/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 6M</figureCitation>
) (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE9704FAAE2C33EAD5E" box="[1289,1363,239,261]" name="Bolivia" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE9701AAAE2C3F4AD5E" box="[1372,1433,239,261]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE975A4AB00C759AD78" box="[226,308,269,291]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE9747BAB00C706AD79" box="[317,363,269,290]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Peru</collectingCountry>
)..................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD5FFE97186AB00C3F1AD78" ID-CoL="3XBB2" authority="(Bezzi)" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1216,1436,269,291]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbipennis">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD5FFE97186AB00C33DAD79" box="[1216,1360,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">M. limbipennis</emphasis>
(Bezzi)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD5FFE975D1AB26C3F1ADC3" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD5FFE975D1AB26C3F1ADC3" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
- Tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE9740FAB27C7DAAD1B" box="[329,439,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,248,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,490,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-133@10.[154,1434,489,1255]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomus penai Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. Holotype ♂ (A–D). A. Tergite 8, dorsal view; B. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; C. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (E–G). E. Female, apex of abdomen, lateral view; F. Female sternite 8, ventral view; G. Genital fork (all figures after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921367/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 7A–B</figureCitation>
) not humped, without microspinulose lateral expansion. Posterior cercus same diameter along entire length (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE9746DAB4AC715AD05" box="[299,376,327,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,248,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,490,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-133@10.[154,1434,489,1255]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomus penai Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. Holotype ♂ (A–D). A. Tergite 8, dorsal view; B. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; C. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (E–G). E. Female, apex of abdomen, lateral view; F. Female sternite 8, ventral view; G. Genital fork (all figures after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921367/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
); cell dm truncate posteriorly; Hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE9766EAB4AC51EAD06" box="[808,883,327,349]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,248,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,490,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-133@10.[154,1434,489,1255]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomus penai Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. Holotype ♂ (A–D). A. Tergite 8, dorsal view; B. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; C. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (E–G). E. Female, apex of abdomen, lateral view; F. Female sternite 8, ventral view; G. Genital fork (all figures after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921367/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) somewhat thin, slightly wider distally, without posterior setae. Female sternite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97496AB68C458AD21" box="[464,565,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,248,1278,1302]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,490,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-133@10.[154,1434,489,1255]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macrostomus penai Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2006. Holotype ♂ (A–D). A. Tergite 8, dorsal view; B. Tergite and sternite 8, lateral view; C. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; D. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (E–G). E. Female, apex of abdomen, lateral view; F. Female sternite 8, ventral view; G. Genital fork (all figures after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921367/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 7E, F</figureCitation>
) wide and complete. Genital chamber membranous (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE97177AB68C2E9AD20" box="[1073,1156,357,379]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE971C8AB68C2D1AD21" box="[1166,1212,357,378]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Peru</collectingCountry>
)............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD5FFE971C2AB8EC3F1ADC3" ID-CoL="3XBBB" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2006" box="[1156,1436,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penai">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD5FFE971C2AB8EC2B4ADC3" box="[1156,1241,387,408]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">M. penai</emphasis>
Rafael &amp; Cumming
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A82E3FFFD5FFE975D1ABADC3F1AE1C" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD5FFE975D1ABADC3F1ADB4" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD5FFE975D1ABADC3F1ADB4" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
10 Wing (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97464AB92C71AADED" box="[290,375,415,438]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[194,1387,181,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[191,1396,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Macrostomus hyalopteryx sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Abdomen, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium detached, lateral view; G. Cerci lobes and hypandrium, lateral view; H. Anterior cercus, anterodorsal view; I. Anterior cercus, subepandrial sclerite and ventral process of cercus, anterior view; J. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating sinuose posterior branch of hypandrium); K. Hypandrium, posterior view; L. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C–K = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; hypd, hypandrium; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921381/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
) entirely hyaline; distal section of vein M 
<subScript id="17D834DFFFD5FFE97642ABA2C566ADE0" attach="left" box="[772,779,431,443]" fontSize="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">4</subScript>
3X longer than vein dm-m; cell dm short. Abdomen with blue reflection at certain angles (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE974F1ABB0C462AD88" box="[439,527,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[194,1387,181,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[191,1396,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Macrostomus hyalopteryx sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Abdomen, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium detached, lateral view; G. Cerci lobes and hypandrium, lateral view; H. Anterior cercus, anterodorsal view; I. Anterior cercus, subepandrial sclerite and ventral process of cercus, anterior view; J. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating sinuose posterior branch of hypandrium); K. Hypandrium, posterior view; L. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C–K = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; hypd, hypandrium; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921381/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE977C4ABB0C495AD89" box="[642,760,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[194,1387,181,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[191,1396,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Macrostomus hyalopteryx sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Abdomen, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium detached, lateral view; G. Cerci lobes and hypandrium, lateral view; H. Anterior cercus, anterodorsal view; I. Anterior cercus, subepandrial sclerite and ventral process of cercus, anterior view; J. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating sinuose posterior branch of hypandrium); K. Hypandrium, posterior view; L. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C–K = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; hypd, hypandrium; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921381/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 11C, D</figureCitation>
) with short, rounded distal projection, hat-shaped in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97033ABB0C761ADAB" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[194,1387,181,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[191,1396,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Macrostomus hyalopteryx sp. nov., holotype ♂. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Abdomen, dorsal view; C. Apex of abdomen, lateral view; D. Tergite 8, dorsal view; E. Sternite 8, ventral view; F. Epandrium detached, lateral view; G. Cerci lobes and hypandrium, lateral view; H. Anterior cercus, anterodorsal view; I. Anterior cercus, subepandrial sclerite and ventral process of cercus, anterior view; J. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view (black arrow indicating sinuose posterior branch of hypandrium); K. Hypandrium, posterior view; L. Holotype labels. Scale bars, figures A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C–K = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; hypd, hypandrium; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; ph, phallus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite; st, sternite; t, tergite, vpc, ventral process of cerci." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921381/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). Female unknown (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE97489ABD7C793ADAB" box="[463,510,474,496]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Peru</collectingCountry>
)......................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD5FFE971FEABD6C324ADB4" authority="Rafael &amp; Marques, 2021" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2021" box="[1208,1353,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalopteryx" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD5FFE971FEABD6C324ADB4" box="[1208,1353,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">M. hyalopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD5FFE97016ABD7C3F1ADB4" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,474,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57F3FFD5FFE97016ABD7C3F1ADB4" box="[1360,1436,474,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD5FFE975D1ABF5C3F1AE1C" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD5FFE975D1ABF5C3F1AE1C" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
- Wing brown infuscate on apex, notably on pterostigma (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97644ABFAC53CAE56" box="[770,849,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[170,1428,571,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-191@2.[159,1428,560,1045]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Macrostomus apicalis (Bezzi, 1909), holotype ♀. A. Habitus, lateral view (old photo obtained 30 years ago); B. Hind left leg, lateral view; C. Right wing. Scale bars, figures A–C = 1 mm.Abbreviations: CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921349/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE9761AABF5C5E2AE56" box="[860,911,504,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">4B, I</figureCitation>
); distal section of vein M 4 2X longer than vein dm-m. Cell dm elongate. Abdomen without blue reflection at certain angles. Tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE9769BA818C245AE71" box="[989,1064,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
, know only for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD5FFE971F9A818C30EAE71" ID-CoL="9HS8Z" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[1215,1379,533,554]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD5FFE971F9A818C30EAE71" box="[1215,1379,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">M. melanothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with thin acute distal projection............................................................................. 11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A82E3FFFD5FFE975D1A85DC3F1AEE6" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD5FFE975D1A85DC3F1AEFB" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD5FFE975D1A85DC3F1AEFB" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD13FFD5FFE975D1A85DC77AAE3E" box="[151,279,591,613]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" type="male">11 Male</specimenCount>
: tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97438A842C7A4AE3D" box="[382,457,591,614]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) with thin acute distal projection. 
<location id="8E836041FFD5FFE97652A842C533AE3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5878CFFD6FFE975D1A9DBC3F1AEE6:8E836041FFD5FFE97652A842C533AE3E" box="[788,862,591,613]" country="Brazil" name="Female" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Female</location>
: sternite 8 higher laterally on posterior third, ventrally with two less sclerotized spots at distal quarter (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE9773BA860C48EAED9" box="[637,739,621,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Figs 4J, K</figureCitation>
); genital fork (
<figureCitation id="13672A1FFFD5FFE97634A860C5D6AED8" box="[882,955,621,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[162,1423,181,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[155,1432,181,1634]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Macrostomus melanothorax Rafael &amp; Cumming, 2009. Holotype ♂ (A–H).A. Habitus, lateral view (apex of abdomen detached); B. Wing; C. Tergite 8, dorsal view; D. Epandrium detached, lateral view; E. Epandrium and cerci lobes, lateral view; F. Cerci lobes, cercal bridge and subepandrial sclerite, anterodorsal view; G. Cerci lobes, dorsal view; H. Hypandrium and phallus, lateral view. Paratype ♀ (I–L) from Brazil. I. Habitus, lateral view; J. Tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; K. Sternite 8, ventral view; L. Genital fork and genital chamber, dorsal view (Figs J–L after Rafael &amp; Cumming (2009)). Scale bars, figures A, I = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C, H, J–K = 0.2 mm; D–G, L = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: a ce, anterior cercus; c brd, cercal bridge; m ce, median cercus; mpac, mesial process of anterior cercus; p ce, posterior cercus; sbepand scl, subepandrial sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4921359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4921359/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
) small, somewhat T-shaped (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE97194A860C37DAED8" box="[1234,1296,621,643]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE9705CA860C325AED9" box="[1306,1352,621,642]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Peru</collectingCountry>
)........................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD5FFE97172A886C3F1AEFB" ID-CoL="9HS8Z" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[1076,1436,650,672]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD5FFE97172A886C2B4AEC4" box="[1076,1241,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">M. melanothorax</emphasis>
Rafael &amp; Cumming
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3369AFFD5FFE975D1A8A5C3F1AEE6" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,702]" box="[151,1436,679,702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
<keyLead id="30AD95AFFFD5FFE975D1A8A5C3F1AEE6" box="[151,1436,679,702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">
- Male unknown. Female terminalia undescribed (probably as above) (
<collectingCountry id="F34B760AFFD5FFE9763EA8A5C5CAAEE5" box="[888,935,680,702]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">Peru</collectingCountry>
)........................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D19FFD5FFE971A2A8A5C3F1AEE6" ID-CoL="6QRV2" authority="(Bezzi)" baseAuthorityName="Bezzi" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1252,1436,679,701]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B928EA88FFD5FFE971A2A8A5C33DAEE7" box="[1252,1360,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="528">M. apicalis</emphasis>
(Bezzi)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>