178 lines
28 KiB
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178 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="02C1C5438BC44D51FF29E20BB7880072">Diversity and distribution of species of the planktonic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Dinophyta) from the tropical and subtropical Mexican Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E50944FFBF2A114EB6E178FE8CFCBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11000330" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E50944FFBF2A114EB6E178FE8CFCBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E50944FFBF2A114EB6E178FE8CFCBC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
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<subSubSection id="C356EBD9FFBF2A104EB6E178FEFCFE55" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0BB0F3EFFBF2A104EB6E178FEFCFE55" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" reason="3">
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3.1.9
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CC3D1FFBF2A104EF8E178FDFEFE78" authority="(Lebour) Balech" authorityName="Balech" baseAuthorityName="Lebour" box="[198,622,816,839]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Ostreopsidaceae" genus="Alexandrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="tamarense">
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<emphasis id="B9386440FFBF2A104EF8E178FE2CFE78" bold="true" box="[198,444,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Alexandrium tamarense</emphasis>
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(Lebour) Balech
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104EF2E11BFEF5FE55" box="[204,357,851,874]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figures 44–52</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C356EBD9FFBF2A104EB6E1D0FB30FF85" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF3B852FFBF2A104EB6E1D0FA1EFDC6" blockId="8.[136,764,920,977]" lastBlockId="8.[794,1422,192,975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
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References:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBF2A104F32E1D0FE6BFE91" author="Hallegraeff, G. M. & Bolch, C. J. & Blackburn, S. I. & Oshima, Y." box="[268,507,920,942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" pagination="575 - 587" refId="ref12414" refString="Hallegraeff, G. M., Bolch, C. J., Blackburn, S. I., and Oshima, Y. (1991). Species of the toxigenic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium in southeastern Australian waters. Bot. Mar. 34: 575 - 587." type="journal article" year="1991">Hallegraeff et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
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, 582, figs 33–42;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBF2A104C8BE1D0FF27FEEE" author="Balech, E." pageId="8" pageNumber="547" pagination="151" refId="ref11445" refString="Balech, E. (1995). The genus Alexandrium Halim (Dino fl agellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island, p. 151." type="book chapter" year="1995">Balech 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, 38, pl.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED5D2097FFBF2A104F3FE1F3FE8AFEEF" box="[257,282,955,976]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">VI</collectionCode>
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||
, figs 1–40, pl. VII, figs 1–9;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBF2A104C16E1F3FD5AFEEF" author="Usup, G. & Leaw, C. P. & Ahmad, A. & Lim, P. T." box="[552,714,955,977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" pagination="265 - 275" refId="ref15102" refString="Usup, G., Leaw, C. P., Ahmad, A., and Lim, P. T. (2002). Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) species in Malaysian waters. Harmful Algae 1: 265 - 275." type="journal article" year="2002">Usup et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 270, figs 5 A–E;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBF2A104DB1E289FB07FDE9" author="Nguyen, N. L. & Larsen, J." box="[911,1175,193,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" pagination="73 - 117" refId="ref14229" refString="Nguyen, N. L. and Larsen, J. (2004). Gonyalucales: Potentially toxic microalgae of Vietnamese waters. Opera Botanica 140: 73 - 117." type="journal article" year="2004">Nguyen and Larsen 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 104, pl. 14, figs 1–5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBF2A104B51E289FC11FDC7" author="Gu, H. & Zeng, N. & Liu, T. & Yang, W. & Muller, A. & Krock, B." pageId="8" pageNumber="547" pagination="68 - 81" refId="ref12162" refString="Gu, H., Zeng, N., Liu, T., Yang, W., Muller, A., and Krock, B. (2013). Morphology, toxicity, and phylogeny of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) species along the coast of China. Harmful Algae 27: 68 - 81." type="journal article" year="2013">Gu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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, 75, figs 4 E–I;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBF2A104A26E2ABFB52FDC7" author="Fabro, E. & Almandoz, G. O. & Ferrario, M. & John, U. & Tillmann, U. & Toebe, K. & Krock, B. & Cembella, A." box="[1048,1218,227,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" pagination="1206 - 1222" refId="ref11929" refString="Fabro, E., Almandoz, G. O., Ferrario, M., John, U., Tillmann, U., Toebe, K., Krock, B., and Cembella, A. (2017). Morphological, molecular, and toxin analysis of field populations of Alexandrium genus from the Argentine Sea. J. Phycol. 53: 1206 - 1222." type="journal article" year="2017">Fabro et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 1210, figs 1 A–M.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3B852FFBF2A104D79E34EFB30FF85" blockId="8.[794,1422,192,975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
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Cells usually solitary, but cells in couples were also found. Cells relatively small, irregularly pentagonal in shape, with the epitheca slightly larger than the hypotheca (
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<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104D1FE325FC14FCBC" box="[801,900,365,387]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figure 44</figureCitation>
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), with not pronounced shoulders (
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<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104AD9E325FADAFCBC" box="[1255,1354,364,387]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figure 45</figureCitation>
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), wide and excavated cingulum (
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<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104A0BE3D8FB0FFC99" box="[1077,1183,400,422]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figure 46</figureCitation>
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), and central nucleus (
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<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104D1FE3FAFC19FCF7" box="[801,905,434,456]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figure 44</figureCitation>
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). The first apical plate (1′) is connected with Po (
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<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104D1FE39DFC66FCD4" box="[801,1014,468,491]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figures 45, 47, 50–52</figureCitation>
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), widely rhomboid in shape (
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<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104B1CE39DFCCDFF31" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figures 45 and 51</figureCitation>
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), with a ventral pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104A03E3BFFB5CFF31" box="[1085,1228,503,526]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figures 50–52</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas 2′, 3′ and 4′ are larger plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104DD8E052FBD6FF0F" box="[998,1094,537,560]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figure 51</figureCitation>
|
||
), and plate 6″ is relatively small and pentagonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104DEFE074FB09FF6C" box="[977,1177,572,595]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figures 46 and 50</figureCitation>
|
||
). Po is elongate, more rectangular and comma-shaped, with no pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104ACBE017FA14FF4A" box="[1269,1412,606,629]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figures 50–52</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior sulcal plate (Sp) is wide and pentagonal, with a conspicuous pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377A4D7FFBF2A104DE5E0ECFB05FF85" box="[987,1173,676,698]" captionStart="Figures 44–52" captionStartId="8.[1018,1085,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[138,987,1047,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-450@8.[136,988,1044,1976]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 44–52: Alexandrium tamarense, LM and SEM. (44) Cell in ventral view, LM. (45) Empty cell in ventral view with plate tabulation, LM. (46) Detail of the epitheca with some plates and ventral pore (arrow), LM. (47) Apical view, with plate tabulation, LM. (48, 49) Hypotheca with plate tabulation, including the posterior sulcal plate (Sp) and its pore (arrow), LM. (50) Epitheca with plate tabulation and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM. (51) Epitheca with plate tabulation, SEM. (52) Po with some plates surrounding it, and the ventral pore (arrow), SEM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000311/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Figures 48 and 49</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C356EBD9FFBF2A114D79E08FFE8CFCBC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3B852FFBF2A104D79E08FFAC5FFE2" blockId="8.[794,1422,192,975]" box="[839,1365,710,733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Measurements: 26–35 μm L, 28–36 μm W (Table 1).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3B852FFBF2A104D79E0A1FB9BFE1D" blockId="8.[794,1422,192,975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
|
||
Toxicity: this species may produce toxins associated to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5D2097FFBF2A104D24E144FCD1FE1E" box="[794,833,780,801]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15543" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15543" name="Parasitic Seed Plants" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" type="Herbarium">PSP</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBF2A104D70E144FB91FE1D" author="Luglie, A. & Giacobbe, M. G. & Riccardi, E. & Bruno, M. & Pigozzi, S. & Mariani, M. A. & Satta, C. T. & Stacca, D. & Bazzoni, A. M. & Caddeo, T." box="[846,1025,780,802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" pagination="72" refId="ref13584" refString="Luglie, A., Giacobbe, M. G., Riccardi, E., Bruno, M., Pigozzi, S., Mariani, M. A., Satta, C. T., Stacca, D., Bazzoni, A. M., Caddeo, T., et al. (2017). Paralytic shellfish toxins and cyanotoxins in the Mediterranean: new data from Sardinia and Sicily (Italy). Microorganisms 5: 72." type="journal article" year="2017">Lugliè et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3B852FFBF2A104D79E166FB8EFE58" blockId="8.[794,1422,192,975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Distribution: in the southern Mexican Pacific, including the Gulf of Tehuantepec.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3B852FFBF2A114D79E13BFE8CFCBC" blockId="8.[794,1422,192,975]" lastBlockId="9.[166,794,193,387]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
|
||
Remarks: All morphological characters examined led us to identify this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CC3D1FFBF2A104A7FE1DEFB5AFE94" box="[1089,1226,918,939]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Ostreopsidaceae" genus="Alexandrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="tamarense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9386440FFBF2A104A7FE1DEFB5AFE94" bold="true" box="[1089,1226,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">A. tamarense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the fact that species of the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CC3D1FFBF2A104A35E1F0FB0DFEF1" box="[1035,1181,952,974]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Ostreopsidaceae" genus="Alexandrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="tamarense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9386440FFBF2A104A35E1F0FB0DFEF1" bold="true" box="[1035,1181,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">A. tamarense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex” cannot be distinguished based on morphology alone and that molecular assays are required for reliable identification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDC5A3FFBE2A114CF3E2ABFE84FC23" author="Litaker, R. W. & Fraga, S. & Montresor, M. & Brosnahan, M. & Anderson, D. M. & Hoppenrath, M. & Murray, S. & Wolny, J. & John, U. & Sampedro, N." pageId="9" pageNumber="548" pagination="13 - 15" refId="ref13386" refString="Litaker, R. W., Fraga, S., Montresor, M., Brosnahan, M., Anderson, D. M., Hoppenrath, M., Murray, S., Wolny, J., John, U., Sampedro, N., et al. (2018). A practical guide to new nomenclature for species within the " Alexandrium tamarense species complex ". Harmful Algae News 61: 13 - 15." type="journal article" year="2018">Litaker et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), puts us in a difficult situation, and it is recommended to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CC3D1FFBE2A114FB8E360FD5FFC01" authority="Litaker" authorityName="Litaker" box="[390,719,295,318]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Ostreopsidaceae" genus="Alexandrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Gonyaulacales" pageId="9" pageNumber="548" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9386440FFBE2A114FB8E360FDEAFC02" bold="true" box="[390,634,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="548">Alexandrium pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
Litaker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the prevalent species of that complex in the Pacific Ocean. See Discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |