186 lines
22 KiB
XML
186 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="C48F94B6CF08E1BF498A771F79C44148" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7551B0A8FA46EF12B5A1615C18EC1A6E">
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<mods:title id="1E4D8835D647D7E3C774CC337867860C">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7695C101517431E6D6A9739BF9020F98" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DBB34D621026255AE47CD47BB0FDE313">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8DBE53C2FCE50FB0696439555AAD0C4E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="74C062622A82BE4D244709B8FB6B1D2B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BF88872DEFA1E1F0AF8215E02F07DE1E">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="16920900011D528CB3C3B7EC829E4731" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="5418D8A12D6F8F86EF10C4794277D58E">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="C3E0A78DA7F25C19FAD054A262960FE3">
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<mods:placeTerm id="792E9A97D792B78C296D2F73917D4EBA">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E1F3DB696FE68988C069B98C8051C93">
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<mods:title id="8FB9C6CFB951B48D945F136336D081A5">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="45498E75C79FC2D309CCF7AF1AFEFA6B">
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<mods:start id="B9C9263983C4E74C4DBD03E6BBCBC80E">16</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="233A5AA36ABA77742B744E06CF7C201B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F822AA9AE32AD15CF1478EAB4000534" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F6488CB73D9CFA5CF629" box="[1449,1529,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F6488CB73D9CFA5CF629" blockId="98.[1444,2620,2432,2525]" box="[1449,1529,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA6F6488CB73D9CFA5CF629" box="[1449,1529,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFA6F6488CB73D9CFA5CF629" box="[1449,1529,2432,2482]" captionStart="Plate 11: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="174. Livingstone’s Flying Fox (Pteropus livingstonii), 175. Pemba Flying Fox (Pleropus voeltzkowi), 176. Ryukyu Flying Fox (Pleropus dasymallus), 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon), 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pleropus pumilus), 179. Lyle’s Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei), 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pleropus medius), 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensus), 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus), 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pleropus aldabrensis), 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus), 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pleropus seychellensis), 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus niger), 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis), 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pleropus keyensis), 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pleropus melanopogon), 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus), 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">178.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F6488F173D9CF767F629" box="[1545,2242,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F6488F173D9CF767F629" blockId="98.[1444,2620,2432,2525]" box="[1545,2242,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA6F6488F173D9CF767F629" box="[1545,2242,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA6F6488F173D9CF767F629" ID-CoL="4Q33K" authority="G. S. Miller, 1911" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[1545,2242,2432,2482]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64880183D9CF59EF629" box="[2310,2619,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64880183D9CF59EF629" blockId="98.[1444,2620,2432,2525]" box="[2310,2619,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFA6F64880183D9CF59EF629" box="[2310,2619,2432,2482]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F64880183D9CF59EF629" ID-CoL="4Q33K" authority="G. S. Miller, 1911" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[2310,2619,2432,2482]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64880183D9CF59EF629" box="[2310,2619,2432,2482]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Pteropus pumilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F6488CB83DD9F696F641" box="[1446,2355,2501,2522]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F6488CB83DD9F696F641" blockId="98.[1444,2620,2432,2525]" box="[1446,2355,2501,2522]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA6F6488CB83DD9F696F641" box="[1446,2355,2501,2522]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F6488CB83DD9FA54F641" bold="true" box="[1446,1521,2501,2522]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA6F6488CE53DD9F93EF641" ID-CoL="4Q33K" authority="G. S. Miller, 1911" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[1531,1691,2501,2522]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Roussette naine</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F6488FAE3DD9F8AEF641" bold="true" box="[1712,1803,2501,2522]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA6F6488E0A3DD9F84FF641" ID-CoL="4Q33K" authority="G. S. Miller, 1911" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[1812,2026,2501,2522]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Goldmantel-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F648811E3DD9F7FEF641" bold="true" box="[2048,2139,2501,2522]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA6F648817A3DD9F696F641" ID-CoL="4Q33K" authority="G. S. Miller, 1911" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[2148,2355,2501,2522]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Zorro volador dorado</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64881143E14F7F1F5CB" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64881143E14F7F1F5CB" blockId="98.[2058,2652,2568,2995]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64881143E14F703F5B2" bold="true" box="[2058,2214,2568,2601]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F64881A63E14F7EAF5CB" ID-CoL="4Q33K" authority="G. S. Miller, 1911" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Pteropus pumilus G. S. Miller, 1911</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F648817A3E2BF65BF5EC" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F648817A3E2BF65BF5EC" blockId="98.[2058,2652,2568,2995]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFA6F648817A3E2BF65BF5EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391419" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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“Palmas Island [= Miangas Island], southeast of Mindanao,”
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA6F64880723E4AF65CF5EC" box="[2412,2553,2646,2679]" name="Indonesia" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64881153E9EF70DF56B" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64881153E9EF70DF56B" blockId="98.[2058,2652,2568,2995]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F64881153E9EF74FF504" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[2059,2282,2690,2719]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Pteropus pumilus</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F648806B3E9EF655F504" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2421,2544,2690,2719]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vampyrus">vampyrus</taxonomicName>
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species group, and it includes balutus and tablas:. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64881143EE8F67FF417" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFA6F64881143EE8F67FF417" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803129/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" startId="98.[2058,2230,2804,2837]" targetBox="[1443,2034,2580,2993]" targetPageId="98">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64881143EE8F67FF417" blockId="98.[2058,2652,2568,2995]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64881143EE8F71EF48E" bold="true" box="[2058,2235,2804,2837]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C & S
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA6F648803D3EE8F666F48E" box="[2339,2499,2804,2837]" name="Philippines" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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, including Mindoro, Tablas, Sibuyan, and
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA6F64880DF3F00F596F4A6" box="[2497,2611,2844,2877]" country="Philippines" name="Masbate" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Masbate</collectingRegion>
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Is, most Visayas Is,
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA6F64881F73F5BF6D1F4FF" box="[2281,2420,2887,2916]" country="Philippines" name="Camiguin" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Camiguin</collectingRegion>
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, NW Mindanao, Balut Is, and Miangas (Palmas) I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64981143F8EFE6FFCC1" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64981143F8EFE6FFCC1" blockId="98.[2058,2652,2568,2995]" lastBlockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64881143F8EF686F428" bold="true" box="[2058,2339,2962,2995]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F64883023F8EF9B2F440" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="167.5" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="155.0">155-180 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F6488FFC3FA6F8D2F440" box="[1762,1911,3002,3035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="20.0">20-28 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F64881103FA6F7D5F440" box="[2062,2160,3002,3035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F64881E23FA6F606F440" box="[2300,2467,3002,3035]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.13" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="103.5" valueMax="113.0" valueMin="94.0">94-113 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F64883023FA6FA53F399" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="g" value="172.5" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="145.0">145- 200 g</quantity>
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. Muzzle of the Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is moderately short, sparsely haired, and pinkish, with contrasting dark gray nostrils. Eyes are large, with chestnutbrownirises. Ears are small, pointed, and brown. Some individuals are almost entirely honey-brown in one extreme, and others are pale yellow; commonly, head and body pelage are highly variable from yellowish gray to honey-brown. Head pelage issilvery gray and silky around eyes and cheeks, grading to pale yellowish gray in cap, sometimes with wash of brown or turning almost white. Mantle is honey-brown, back and rump are golden to pale brown, chest and belly are honey-brown, and pelage is generally soft, woolly, and silvery. Wing membranes are brown, inserted on second toe; index claw is present; dorsal surface of forearm has whitish hairs; and tibia is naked. Uropatagium and calcar are small. Skull is typical pteropine but relatively small and gracile. Laterally, rostrum is low, thin, and moderately short; zygoma is thin; and braincase is strongly deflected downward. Dorsally, rostrum is short and conical, nasals are very narrow, interorbital space has prominent frontal recesses, postorbital constriction is poorly defined, temporal lines are parallel and do not form true sagittal crest, and nuchal crest is inconspicuous. Ventrally, palate is relatively wide, flat, and long; tooth rows diverge very slightly posteriorly; post-dental palate is short, wide, and concave at end; and ectopterygoids are thin. Mandible has long sloping symphysis and moderately thin body; coronoid is large and raised almost vertically, with wide rounded tip; and angle is round and inconspicuous. Upper incisors are separated, with flat cutting edges; C' is moderately short and grooved, with lingual cingulum; P' is a spicule, shed in most adults; posterior cheekteeth are relatively low, with rectangular occlusal outline and well-defined cusps; and M? is small. I is separate and smaller than I; C, is small and slanted laterally; P, is low and peg-like; cheekteeth are relatively tall anteriorly, with rectangular occlusal outline; and M,is small. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 72.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA7F649896F377CFBC3FC1A" box="[113,1126,864,897]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA7F649896F377CFBC3FC1A" blockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" box="[113,1126,864,897]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA7F649896F377CFF45FC1A" bold="true" box="[113,224,864,897]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">Habitat.</emphasis>
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[Lowland rainforests from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA7F6498AEB377CFBC6FC1A" box="[1013,1123,864,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA7F649896F379BFC3CFC63" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA7F649896F379BFC3CFC63" blockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA7F649896F379BFED8FC33" bold="true" box="[113,381,903,936]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is predominantly frugivorous. On Panay,it ate fruit from at least 28 plant genera. Flowers visited include species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA7F649898B37C7FE17FC63" box="[149,434,987,1016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Erythrina (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA7F64988E137C7FC30FC63" box="[511,917,987,1016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA7F649896F37E2FDE2FB0D" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA7F649896F37E2FDE2FB0D" blockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA7F649896F37E2FF52FB84" bold="true" box="[113,247,1022,1055]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is seasonally monoestrous and polygynous, breeding once a year. Mating is not aggressive. Litter size is one. Females care for young for c.11 months. Maturity is reached at 11-12 months of age. Maximum longevity in captivity was 17 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA7F64989713087FB91FB27" box="[111,1076,1179,1212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA7F64989713087FB91FB27" blockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" box="[111,1076,1179,1212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA7F64989713087FEFEFB27" bold="true" box="[111,347,1179,1212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA7F649896F30DFFBA7FAA8" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA7F649896F30DFFBA7FAA8" blockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA7F649896F30DFFC9CFB7F" bold="true" box="[113,825,1219,1252]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is solitary or lives in small, sexually segregated groups with little social interactions. Individuals will come together in small numbers in fruiting trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA7F649896F3125FC18FA4A" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA7F649896F3125FC18FA4A" blockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA7F649896F3125FE71FAC1" bold="true" box="[113,468,1337,1370]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Deforestation and overhunting have caused declines in populations of Little Golden-mantled Flying Foxes. It occurs in protected areas. Captive management and breeding colonies have been established in- and ex-situ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA7F649896C31C3FC49F9BB" pageId="99" pageNumber="157" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA7F649896C31C3FC49F9BB" blockId="99.[111,1322,272,1572]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA7F649896C31C3FEAFFA63" bold="true" box="[114,266,1503,1528]" pageId="99" pageNumber="157">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Heaney, Balete et al. (1998), Heaney, Rosell-Ambal et al. (2008), Luft (2002), Reeder et al. (2006), Rickart et al. (1999), Simmons (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |