treatments-xml/data/03/A8/00/03A800107749FF8CFF14A076911EFBAE.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107749FF8CFF14A076911EFBAE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Amphimedon nanaspiculata Hartman 1955, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>225</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698577" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107749FF8CFF14A076911EFBAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107749FF8CFF14A076911EFBAE" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,849,797,856]" box="[151,849,797,823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,849,797,823]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,849,797,823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName authority="Hartman, 1955" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,707,797,823]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nanaspiculata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,492,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Amphimedon nanaspiculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman" box="[507,699,797,823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Hartman, W. D. (1955) A collection of sponges from the west coast of the Yucatan Peninsula with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 5 (3), 161 - 189." type="journal article" year="1955">Hartman, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[715,849,797,823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,849,797,856]" box="[151,309,831,856]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<figureCitation box="[151,269,831,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figures 19</figureCitation>
a–c
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1246,904,957]" box="[151,734,904,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,734,904,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName authority="Hartman, 1955: 180" authorityName="Hartman" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,596,904,926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nanaspiculata">
<emphasis box="[151,385,904,926]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Axinella nanaspiculata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Hartman" box="[391,596,904,926]" page="180" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman" box="[391,546,904,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Hartman, W. D. (1955) A collection of sponges from the west coast of the Yucatan Peninsula with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 5 (3), 161 - 189." type="journal article" year="1955">Hartman, 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 180
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 5, 7, 10.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1246,904,957]" box="[151,1246,934,957]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1246,934,957]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
? 
<taxonomicName box="[162,334,934,956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis box="[162,334,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Haliclona viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Wells" box="[347,573,934,957]" page="209" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation author="Wells" box="[347,523,934,957]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Wells, H. W., Wells, M. J. &amp; Gray, I. E. (1960) Marine sponges of North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 76 (2), 200 - 245." type="journal article" year="1960">
Wells 
<emphasis box="[411,462,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
1960
</bibRefCitation>
: 209
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 8 (not: 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelott, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelott" authorityYear="1864" box="[696,1235,934,956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis box="[696,901,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Amphimedon viridis</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelott, 1864
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1001,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726388" collectingDate="1966-05-04" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="61" latitude="6.9433" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-55.9483" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1001,1026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107749FF8CFF14A076911EFBAE:8EDEE7DD7749FFB2FF14A0829082FB98" box="[151,255,1001,1026]" country="Suriname" latitude="6.9433" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-55.9483" name="Material" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[399,483,1002,1025]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9297, 9893, 
<collectingCountry box="[699,809,1001,1026]" name="Suriname" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[829,1035,1001,1026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[1051,1138,1002,1026]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station D33, 
<geoCoordinate box="[215,324,1037,1062]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="6.9433">6.9433°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[333,461,1037,1062]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="-55.9483">55.9483°W</geoCoordinate>
, Agassiz trawl, depth 
<quantity box="[718,821,1037,1062]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="61.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="60.0">
<elevation box="[718,821,1037,1062]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="61.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="60.0">60–62 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, shells, 
<date box="[1070,1213,1037,1062]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-04">
<collectingDate box="[1070,1213,1037,1062]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-04">4 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726391" collectingDate="1966-05-06" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="59" latitude="7.0033" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.4417" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1227,1311,1038,1061]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9861, 9963, 9975, 9987, 10504, 
<collectingCountry box="[481,591,1073,1098]" name="Suriname" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[615,825,1073,1098]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[846,933,1074,1098]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F40, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1436,1074,1098]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="7.0033">7.0033°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,279,1109,1134]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="-56.4417">56.4417°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[370,434,1109,1134]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="59.0">
<elevation box="[370,434,1109,1134]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, 
<date box="[613,761,1109,1134]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-06">
<collectingDate box="[613,761,1109,1134]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-06">6 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726389" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S. &amp; Van Veen" country="Suriname" elevation="34" latitude="6.4417" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.5467" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[778,862,1110,1133]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9866, 10501, 
<collectingCountry box="[1094,1204,1109,1134]" name="Suriname" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[1225,1431,1109,1134]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[151,238,1146,1170]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F45, 
<geoCoordinate box="[584,693,1145,1170]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="6.4417">6.4417°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[699,828,1145,1170]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="-56.5467">56.5467°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[907,966,1146,1170]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="34.0">
<elevation box="[907,966,1146,1170]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="34.0">34 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectorName box="[977,1083,1146,1169]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Van Veen</collectorName>
grab, 
<date box="[1153,1291,1145,1170]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-07">
<collectingDate box="[1153,1291,1145,1170]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726397" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="27" latitude="6.312" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.57" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1301,1385,1146,1169]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9875, 10516, 
<collectingCountry box="[305,415,1181,1206]" name="Suriname" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[431,633,1181,1206]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[645,732,1182,1206]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F46, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1083,1178,1181,1206]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="55" value="6.312">6.312°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1185,1286,1181,1206]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="555" value="-56.57">56.57°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="25.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="25.0">25–29 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, 
<date box="[359,511,1217,1242]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-07">
<collectingDate box="[359,511,1217,1242]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726386" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="64" latitude="7.28" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.7933" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[530,614,1218,1241]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9876, 9896, 9952, 
<collectingCountry box="[916,1026,1217,1242]" name="Suriname" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[1049,1257,1217,1242]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[1276,1363,1218,1242]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station G7, 
<geoCoordinate box="[431,512,1254,1278]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="555" value="7.28">7.28°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[524,652,1253,1278]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="-56.7933">56.7933°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[742,806,1253,1278]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="64.0">
<elevation box="[742,806,1253,1278]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="64.0">64 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, 
<date box="[983,1131,1253,1278]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-07">
<collectingDate box="[983,1131,1253,1278]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726383" collectingDate="1970-08-31" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="71" latitude="7.5833" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1147,1231,1254,1277]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9935, 9946, 
<collectingCountry box="[151,241,1290,1314]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[376,463,1290,1314]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 63, 
<geoCoordinate box="[818,927,1289,1314]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="7.5833">7.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[937,1066,1289,1314]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="-57.0667">57.0667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1155,1218,1290,1314]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation box="[1155,1218,1290,1314]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, sandy bottom, 
<date pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1970-08-31">
<collectingDate pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1970-08-31">31 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726380" collectingDate="1966-05-10" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="38" latitude="7.0083" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="551" longitude="-56.97" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="2">
<collectionCode box="[313,397,1326,1349]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9958, 
<collectingCountry box="[532,642,1325,1350]" name="Suriname" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[659,863,1325,1350]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[877,964,1326,1350]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station H53, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1436,1326,1350]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="7.0083">7.0083°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,252,1361,1386]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="555" value="-56.97">56.97°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[341,404,1362,1386]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="38.0">
<elevation box="[341,404,1362,1386]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="38.0">38 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom coarse sand with shells, 
<date box="[799,957,1361,1386]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-10">
<collectingDate box="[799,957,1361,1386]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-05-10">10 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount box="[977,1125,1361,1386]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726395" collectingDate="1966-04-25" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="30" latitude="6.2217" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-55.8333" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1148,1232,1362,1385]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9997, 9998, 
<collectingCountry box="[151,261,1397,1422]" name="Suriname" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[279,482,1397,1422]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[497,584,1398,1422]" name="Guyana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station C18, 
<geoCoordinate box="[949,1058,1397,1422]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="6.2217">6.2217°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1067,1195,1397,1422]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="-55.8333">55.8333°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1281,1343,1398,1422]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation box="[1281,1343,1398,1422]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, 
<date box="[216,376,1433,1458]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-04-25">
<collectingDate box="[216,376,1433,1458]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1966-04-25">25 April 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1001,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1469,1494]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</emphasis>
Erect-arborescent sponge (
<figureCitation box="[660,744,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
a), with a short stalk and long, sparingly dividing branches. Specimens have the tendency to branch in one plane and may have short side branches (
<figureCitation box="[1138,1223,1505,1530]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1620,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,373,1599]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 20. Niphates erecta Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9895 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9877 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton of RMNH Por. 9905, c – d, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeas, d, sigma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272971/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
a1). Oscules of 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
diameter are scattered along the branches in a low frequency and flush with the surface. Surface punctate, optically smooth but microscopically hispid. Size of largest specimen (
<collectionCode box="[950,1036,1578,1602]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9876, 
<figureCitation box="[1166,1246,1577,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
a) is 
<quantity box="[1302,1371,1577,1602]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
high, 
<quantity box="[151,222,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
wide, with stalk up to 
<quantity box="[488,545,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
long and individual branches up to 
<quantity box="[960,1031,1614,1638]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
long and up to 
<quantity box="[1215,1293,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter, tapering to bluntly rounded endings of about 
<quantity box="[681,760,1649,1674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
diameter. Branches may occasionally anastomose or have short side branches. Color (in alcohol) variably darker or lighter shades of brown. Consistency limp, soft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1001,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1721,1746]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Surface skeleton (
<figureCitation box="[518,598,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
b) a three-dimensional reticulation of spicule tracts of 10–35 µm thickness (1–7 spicules), forming unequal and ill-developed polygonal meshes of widely different sizes, 70–350 µm in diameter. Choanosomal skeleton (
<figureCitation box="[536,622,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
c) with strong ascending tracts, up to 70 µm in thickness (up to 10 spicules) interconnected irregularly by thinner tracts of up to 40 µm in thickness (up to 4 spicules). The reticulation forms meshes of widely different sizes, 100–600 µm in diameter. Spongin is variably merely binding or entirely enveloping the spicule tracts, depending of location in the skeleton and of individual sponges. Many loose spicules are present in the skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1001,1998]" box="[199,444,1973,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1973,1998]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Spicules.</emphasis>
Oxeas only.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1436,1727,1810]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1727,1749]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Hartman, 1955" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1955" box="[295,760,1727,1749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nanaspiculata">
<emphasis box="[295,580,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Amphimedon nanaspiculata</emphasis>
(Hartman, 1955)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1436,1849,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Oxeas (
<figureCitation box="[285,367,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1727,1749]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 19. Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9876 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, of RMNH Por. 9985 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, surface skeleton of RMNH Por. 9896, c, cross section of RMNH Por. 9985, d, SEM image of oxea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272970/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
d), slightly curved, usually sharply pointed, in a large size range, 99– 
<emphasis box="[1150,1192,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">143</emphasis>
–189 
<date box="[1256,1291,1850,1874]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">x 4</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[1306,1355,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">6.49</emphasis>
–9 µm. Size variation is observed within and among specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1436,1849,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,505,1921,1946]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[515,602,1922,1946]" name="Guyana" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, Gulf of 
<collectingRegion box="[784,905,1921,1946]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Campeche</collectingRegion>
, possibly 
<collectingRegion box="[1023,1198,1921,1946]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
North 
<collectingRegion box="[1099,1198,1921,1946]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Carolina" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Carolina</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
, on sandy bottom at 
<quantity box="[151,250,1958,1982]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="41.5" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="12.0">12–71 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1436,1849,2018]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1993,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
Hartman’s (1955) descriptions and figures, with additional images provided by Eric Lazo-Wasem of the Yale Peabody Museum at Harvard, U.S.A., together are sufficiently clear to make this identification with confidence. The shape and size, the details of the surface, oscules and skeleton, and the habitat (sandy-shelly bottom) all match. The spicule sizes cited by Hartman (56–132 
<date box="[885,951,224,248]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">x 3–7</date>
µm) are somewhat lower than the present sizes (99–189 
<date box="[320,387,260,284]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">x 4–9</date>
µm), but there is considerable overlap. Some of the Guyana specimens have spicule size ranges almost identical to those of the Yucatan holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
This species is closely related to 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[578,1188,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis box="[578,806,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Amphimedon viridis</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
, widely distributed in shallow water throughout the 
<collectingRegion box="[499,581,367,392]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Central</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion box="[592,647,368,391]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">West</collectingRegion>
Atlantic region, because limp consistency and skeletal and spicular characters are similar. Nevertheless there are several clearly distinct features precluding assignment of the present specimens to that species. The habit is arborescent-ramose with long, limp branches and most oscules flush with the surface. 
<taxonomicName box="[292,397,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis box="[292,397,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have repent branches, but is never arborescent, and its oscules are predominantly on volcanoe-shaped lobes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation box="[199,407,548,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Wells, H. W., Wells, M. J. &amp; Gray, I. E. (1960) Marine sponges of North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 76 (2), 200 - 245." type="journal article">
Wells 
<emphasis box="[269,326,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
(1960)
</bibRefCitation>
reported an erect branched specimen found on the beach of 
<collectingRegion box="[1085,1254,548,573]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
North 
<collectingRegion box="[1158,1254,548,573]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Carolina" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Carolina</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
as 
<emphasis box="[1292,1420,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName box="[1292,1404,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Haliclona</taxonomicName>
(
</emphasis>
= 
<emphasis box="[151,387,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName box="[151,300,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Amphimedon</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName box="[316,387,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Although their drawing shows the specimen to be branched in all directions, it nevertheless may be close or similar to the present specimens. They suggested, no doubt based on a remark by 
<bibRefCitation pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154." type="journal article">De Laubenfels (1950)</bibRefCitation>
(p. 3), that the 
<collectingCountry box="[396,499,655,680]" name="Bermuda" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
species 
<taxonomicName authority="Verrill, 1907" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1907" box="[593,1020,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Pachychalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="micropora">
<emphasis box="[593,871,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pachychalina micropora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill" box="[878,1020,655,680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1907) The Bermuda Islands: Part V. An account of the Coral Reefs (Characteristic life of the Bermuda Coral Reefs). Porifera: Sponges. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 12, 330 - 344." type="journal article" year="1907">Verrill, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
could be synonymous with 
<taxonomicName box="[1333,1436,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis box="[1333,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and would have ‘encrusting, massive and branching’ forms. However, Verrill’s description mentions only ‘encrusting, or small convex or lobate masses’, not branching. Verrill’s material has not been recently recognized with certainty in any sponge collection (see discussion in 
<bibRefCitation author="De" box="[799,1030,764,789]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1950">De Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
, p. 3), and his 
<taxonomicName box="[1194,1348,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Pachychalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1194,1348,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pachychalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species remain 
<taxonomicName box="[236,359,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Niphatidae</taxonomicName>
incertae sedis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Other branching 
<taxonomicName box="[387,535,836,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[387,535,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Amphimedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species of the 
<collectingRegion box="[699,781,836,861]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Central</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion box="[787,842,837,860]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">West</collectingRegion>
Atlantic are 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
<emphasis box="[986,1259,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Amphimedon compressa</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
(with junior synonym 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[650,1369,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arborescens">
<emphasis box="[650,951,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Amphimedon arborescens</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing, 1850" authorityName="Duchassaing" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,687,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis box="[151,441,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Amphimedon complanata</emphasis>
(Duchassaing, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
(with junior synonyms 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Spngia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis box="[968,1116,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Spngia fusca</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchasaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchasaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[226,786,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="manus">
<emphasis box="[226,402,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Spongia manus</emphasis>
Duchasaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Dendy, 1887" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[854,1291,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Pachychalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis box="[854,1128,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pachychalina variabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Dendy" box="[1139,1291,943,968]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i - lxviii, 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1887">Dendy, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). These two species have much more spongin in their skeletons and have much firmer consistency. Their forms are more variable, including broader shapes and fewer branches. For more character differences see 
<bibRefCitation author="Van" box="[1202,1382,1016,1040]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 550028 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1980">Van Soest 1980</bibRefCitation>
(pp. 26–34, pls IV–V).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>