210 lines
29 KiB
XML
210 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="4C153EC208E2AEF695651D1E1BE7ED31" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177463" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eab8d711-9285-4aee-b640-57345547cad8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177463" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459860813048" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2007" docId="03833F12FF9F7405248DF9C18C43FC11" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01521p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1521" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Perasis Hermann 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFBA476AFF9D7406241AFFB6880DFFED" masterDocTitle="A review of Afrotropical Perasis Hermann, 1905 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698226056703" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0212EA7A94D2073841534351351FBC9A">A review of Afrotropical Perasis Hermann, 1905 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E4A72645FDE2DB64E5974F45830EE38">Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D1B1D1626BC63A1207F4DA14F41408D0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E7BF99C619A9623B923E9270242B8D74">
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<mods:date id="BF83540E417A6D3314082B45EFF39F5E">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="70AE180023D316E11232A190BCB96DEC">2007-07-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F37CD97EF5A8E2AD3A60DB8680A19321">1521</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03833F12FF9F7405248DF9C18C43FC11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246962" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119368172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03833F12FF9F7405248DF9C18C43FC11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03833F12FF9F7405248DF9C18C43FC11" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF9F7404248DF9C18963F97C" box="[151,366,1655,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9F7404248DF9C18963F97C" blockId="2.[151,366,1655,1681]" box="[151,366,1655,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0DD3968FF9F7404248DF9C18963F97C" bold="true" box="[151,366,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F7404248DF9C18963F97C" ID-CoL="6KZX" ID-ENA="468779" authority="Hermann" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,366,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F7404248DF9C18963F97C" bold="true" box="[151,366,1655,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F7404248DF9C188E2F97C" bold="true" box="[151,239,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Perasis</emphasis>
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Hermann
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF9F7404248DF9748D1FF8F4" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9F7404248DF9748A0CF914" blockId="2.[151,1436,1730,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3AA92AFF9F7404248DF9748A0CF914" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF9F7404248DF97489DDF934" author="Hermann" authority="Hermann, 1905: 37" authorityName="Hermann" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,464,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" refString="Hermann, F. (1905) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Asiliden (Dipt.). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 50, 14 - 42." treatmentPage="37" treatmentTaxon="Perasis" type="journal article" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F7404248DF97489DDF934" ID-CoL="6KZX" authority="Hermann, 1905: 37" authorityName="Hermann" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,464,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F7404248DF97488EAF934" box="[151,231,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Perasis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9F740424E9F97489DDF934" author="Hermann" box="[243,464,1730,1753]" firstAuthor="Hermann" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refString="Hermann, F. (1905) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Asiliden (Dipt.). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 50, 14 - 42." type="journal article" year="1905">Hermann, 1905: 37</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Type-species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF9F74042664F9748BF2F934" author="Hermann" authority="Hermann, 1905" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[638,1023,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refString="Hermann, F. (1905) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Asiliden (Dipt.). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 50, 14 - 42." species="sareptana" treatmentTaxon="Perasis sareptana" type="journal article" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F74042664F9748BF2F934" ID-CoL="76RQJ" authority="Hermann, 1905" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[638,1023,1730,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sareptana">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F74042664F9748B49F934" box="[638,836,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Perasis sareptana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9F7404274AF9748BF2F934" author="Hermann" box="[848,1023,1730,1753]" firstAuthor="Hermann" pageId="2" pageNumber="18" refString="Hermann, F. (1905) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Asiliden (Dipt.). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 50, 14 - 42." type="journal article" year="1905">Hermann, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, by monotypy, (
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<figureCitation id="13119281FF9F740420A0F9748D1CF934" box="[1210,1297,1730,1753]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1414,1438]" captionTargetBox="[156,1408,794,1413]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1431,751,1421]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic female terminalia. 13. Ventral. 14. Dorsal. Scale line 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Figs 13</figureCitation>
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wingtip, 27 antenna, 28 wing, 29 thorax).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9F7404248DF8B48D1FF8F4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1730,1817]" box="[151,1298,1794,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF9F7404248DF8B489D8F8F4" author="Hull" authority="Hull, 1962: 103" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,469,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Saucropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" refString="Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the World. The genera of the family Asilidae. Bulletin of the. United States National Museum, 224 (1), 1 - 430, (2), 431 - 907." treatmentPage="103" treatmentTaxon="Saucropogon" type="journal article" year="1962">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F7404248DF8B489D8F8F4" authority="Hull, 1962: 103" authorityName="Hull" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,469,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Saucropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F7404248DF8B48929F8F4" box="[151,292,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Saucropogon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9F74042531F8B489D8F8F4" author="Hull" box="[299,469,1794,1817]" firstAuthor="Hull" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refString="Hull, F. M. (1962) Robber flies of the World. The genera of the family Asilidae. Bulletin of the. United States National Museum, 224 (1), 1 - 430, (2), 431 - 907." type="journal article" year="1962">Hull, 1962: 103</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
. Type-species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8BA815FF9F74042663F8B48C07F8F4" author="Ricardo" authority="Ricardo, 1925" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[633,1034,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." species="transvaalensis" treatmentTaxon="Perasis transvaalensis" type="journal article" year="1925">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F74042663F8B48C07F8F4" ID-CoL="7742J" authority="Ricardo, 1925" authorityName="Ricardo" authorityYear="1925" box="[633,1034,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F74042663F8B48B64F8F4" box="[633,873,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Perasis transvaalensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9F7404276AF8B48C07F8F4" author="Ricardo" box="[880,1034,1794,1817]" firstAuthor="Ricardo" pageId="2" pageNumber="18" refString="Ricardo, G. (1925) New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology, (9) 15, 234 - 282." type="journal article" year="1925">Ricardo, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C330DD8FFF9F7405248DF8FC8C43FC11" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9F7404248DF8FC8D19F861" blockId="2.[151,1436,1866,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9F7404248DF8FC89C4F889" author="Oldroyd" box="[151,457,1866,1892]" firstAuthor="Oldroyd" pageId="2" pageNumber="18" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1970) Studies of African Asilidae (Diptera). 1. Asilidae of the Congo basin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, Supplement, 24 (7), 207 - 334." type="journal article" year="1970">Oldroyd (1970: 244–245)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F7404273BF8FD8BB1F889" authorityName="Hull" authorityYear="1962" box="[801,956,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Saucropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F7404273BF8FD8BB1F889" box="[801,956,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Saucropogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, suggesting that Hull did not see specimens of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F7404253DF8C58972F861" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[295,383,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F7404253DF8C58972F861" box="[295,383,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Perasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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type-species and therefore ‘misinterpreted’ the genus as defined by Hermann.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9F740524DCF82C8913FD57" blockId="2.[151,1436,1866,2012]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1020]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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While
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F7404250FF82D8960F859" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[277,365,1947,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F7404250FF82D8960F859" box="[277,365,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Perasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a fairly distinctive genus its classification within currently accepted subfamilies is somewhat problematic.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9F74042569F8748A2CF831" author="Oldroyd" box="[371,545,1986,2012]" firstAuthor="Oldroyd" pageId="2" pageNumber="18" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1963) The Tribes and Genera of the African Asilidae (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 107, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1963">Oldroyd (1963</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9F74042632F8748A69F831" author="Oldroyd" box="[552,612,1986,2012]" firstAuthor="Oldroyd" pageId="2" pageNumber="18" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1974) An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 22 (1), 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
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) placed
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F740426D3F8758B2CF831" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[713,801,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9F740426D3F8758B2CF831" box="[713,801,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Perasis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9F740427AAF8748C10F831" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[944,1053,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Laphriini">Laphriini</taxonomicName>
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||
(then including about 25 genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740524ADFF2E8918FF5C" box="[183,277,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E740524ADFF2E8918FF5C" box="[183,277,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Laphria</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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-like flies).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E74052585FF2E8A7BFF5F" author="Papavero, N." box="[415,630,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="217 - 274" refId="ref5784" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Studies of Asilidae (Diptera): systematics and evolution. I. A preliminary classification in subfamilies. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 23 (3), 217 - 274." type="journal article" year="1973">Papavero’s (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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preliminary phylogenetic study did much to elucidate the problems. He essentially divided the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740525C1FF768A45FF37" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[475,584,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Laphriini">Laphriini</taxonomicName>
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into two subfamilies, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E74052790FF768C01FF37" box="[906,1036,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphriinae">Laphriinae</taxonomicName>
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, into which the majority of Oldroyd’s Afrotropical genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740525ECFF5E8A6EFEEF" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[502,611,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Laphriini">Laphriini</taxonomicName>
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||
were placed, and the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E7405277EFF5E8BF2FEEF" box="[868,1023,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphystiinae">Laphystiinae</taxonomicName>
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||
, containing only three Afrotropical genera (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740524EFFEA689ACFEC4" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[245,417,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Hoplistomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E740524EFFEA689ACFEC4" box="[245,417,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Hoplistomerus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740525AAFEA68A05FEC4" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[432,520,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E740525AAFEA68A05FEC4" box="[432,520,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Perasis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E7405265DFEA68ACDFEC4" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1906" box="[583,704,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E7405265DFEA68ACDFEC4" box="[583,704,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Trichardis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). While in my earlier work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E74052017FEA68C95FEC7" author="Londt" box="[1037,1176,272,298]" firstAuthor="Londt" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Londt, J. G. H. (1988) Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 16. An illustrated key to the genera of the subfamily Laphriinae, a revision of Gerrolasius Hermann, 1920 and the description of a new genus Pilophoneus. Annals of the Natal Museum, 29 (2), 509 - 521." type="journal article" year="1988">Londt 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) I followed Oldroyd’s arrangement, I subsequently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E740525E9FE8E8A72FEBF" author="Londt" box="[499,639,312,338]" firstAuthor="Londt" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Londt, J. G. H. (2004) A revision of Laphystotes Oldroyd, with the description of a new species, and a key to the genera of Afrotropical Laphriinae (Diptera: Asilidae). African Entomology, 12 (1), 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="2004">Londt 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) decided to adopt Papavero’s ideas and treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740520AAFE8E8D05FEBC" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[1200,1288,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E740520AAFE8E8D05FEBC" box="[1200,1288,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Perasis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and its two close relatives) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E74052574FED68A04FE97" box="[366,521,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphystiinae">Laphystiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The recent work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E740526E1FED68BD8FE97" author="Bybee" box="[763,981,352,378]" etAl="et al" firstAuthor="Bybee" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" pagination="789 - 797" refId="ref5108" refString="Bybee, S. M., Taylor, S. D., Riley Nelson, C. & Whiting, M. F. (2004) A phylogeny of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) at the subfamilial level: molecular evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30, 789 - 797." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bybee
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E74052757FED68B8DFE94" box="[845,896,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggests that my shift in thinking may have been premature as molecular evidence appears to show that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740527CEFE3E8C66FE4F" box="[980,1131,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphystiinae">Laphystiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are too closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740524D9FE06894FFE27" box="[195,322,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphriinae">Laphriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for these taxa to be considered separate. In addition, as yet unpublished data accumulated by Dr Torsten Dikow (pers. com.) essentially support the results of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E74052798FE6E8C63FE1F" author="Bybee, S. M. & Taylor, S. D. & Riley Nelson, C. & Whiting, M. F." box="[898,1134,472,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" pagination="789 - 797" refId="ref5108" refString="Bybee, S. M., Taylor, S. D., Riley Nelson, C. & Whiting, M. F. (2004) A phylogeny of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) at the subfamilial level: molecular evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30, 789 - 797." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bybee
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E740527CEFE6E8C18FE1C" box="[980,1045,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">et. al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It appears, therefore, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E7405248DFDB688E2FDF4" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,239,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E7405248DFDB688E2FDF4" box="[151,239,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Perasis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E7405259EFDB68A3DFDF4" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[388,560,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Hoplistomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E7405259EFDB68A3DFDF4" box="[388,560,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Hoplistomerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E74052670FDB68AEEFDF4" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1906" box="[618,739,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Trichardis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E74052670FDB68AEEFDF4" box="[618,739,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Trichardis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, should once again be treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E74052076FDB68CE2FDF7" box="[1132,1263,512,538]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphriinae">Laphriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With molecular tools now being commonly used to assist in the construction of more reliable phylogenies and classifications, it is surely a matter of time before we will be able to adopt a universal classification for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E7405211DFDE68D64FD87" box="[1287,1385,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that will have general acceptance. In the meantime I believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E7405276EFDCE8BC1FD7C" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1905" box="[884,972,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Perasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E5216FF9E7405276EFDCE8BC1FD7C" box="[884,972,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Perasis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably best accommodated in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E7405248DFD168917FD57" box="[151,282,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphriinae">Laphriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B958E04FF9E740524DCFD7E8C43FC11" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The three genera previously placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E740526A2FD7E8B42FD0F" box="[696,847,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphystiinae">Laphystiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
can readily be segregated from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AF587FF9E74052126FD7E88CDFCE7" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphriinae">Laphriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on morphological grounds. For instance, this group is characterized by features of the wing venation, the main character being that vein R2+3 is bent anteriorly at its distal end and joins R1 just before or at C (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13119281FF9E7405215EFCAE8D81FCDF" box="[1348,1420,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[175,1391,1082,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[175,1417,1050,1552]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Perasis transvaalensis Ricardo, 1925. Topotypic male wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177465/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). These three Afrotropical genera are not adequately separated using existing keys (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E740520AAFCF48D5AFCB1" author="Oldroyd" box="[1200,1367,834,860]" firstAuthor="Oldroyd" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1963) The Tribes and Genera of the African Asilidae (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 107, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1963">Oldroyd 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E7405217BFCF48D91FCB1" author="Oldroyd" box="[1377,1436,834,860]" firstAuthor="Oldroyd" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1970) Studies of African Asilidae (Diptera). 1. Asilidae of the Congo basin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, Supplement, 24 (7), 207 - 334." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E7405248DFCDC88DBFC69" author="Oldroyd" box="[151,214,874,900]" firstAuthor="Oldroyd" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Oldroyd, H. (1974) An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 22 (1), 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including the most recent key of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBF3F5FF9E74052677FCDC8B00FC69" author="Londt" box="[621,781,874,900]" firstAuthor="Londt" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Londt, J. G. H. (1988) Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 16. An illustrated key to the genera of the subfamily Laphriinae, a revision of Gerrolasius Hermann, 1920 and the description of a new genus Pilophoneus. Annals of the Natal Museum, 29 (2), 509 - 521." type="journal article" year="1988">Londt (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Good generic diagnoses, and consequently a good key, will only be possible when all the species within these genera have been adequately reviewed.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33DCE94FF9E7405211AFC248D2CFC41" box="[1280,1313,914,940]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
this is the first paper in an intended series designed to cover all the Afrotropical species, the following key is considered preliminary and will probably need updating on completion of planned revisions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |