185 lines
18 KiB
XML
185 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7539FFFC52404DEE494B6DB70074C953">Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Iguaçu National Park, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="01A2B28964AE1E2EBFEEFA89F1E75FAB">Fianco, Marcos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85E7ED3C9C60949014F014FC7DEEE41D">Szinwelski, Neucir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F252762E80FB8F7DA74D1D46FEF539BB">Faria, Luiz R. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C89D73BA7B532F528C4631771B17FCB4" type="email">fianco.marcos@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5682306F01E3E90087789CA60F81DD19">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5CA9A352137C9B9D93E7FE51D271EBD4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C2E27A7A0814B10172B88D22C56C780">2022-05-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="559A1D25E087CC20B5C1A468829C75A7">5136</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D56DBD7DFFA2EF61FF12FD97FCE5FB51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6550059" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197225563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6550059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D56DBD7DFFA2EF61FF12FD97FCE5FB51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D56DBD7DFFA2EF61FF12FD97FCE5FB51" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="15DE5FE0FFA2EF61FF12FD97FD48FD84" box="[151,765,546,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF12FD97FD48FD84" blockId="10.[151,765,546,609]" box="[151,765,546,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="0633BB07FFA2EF61FF12FD97FD48FD84" bold="true" box="[151,765,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="9AC477E8FFA2EF61FF12FD97FD48FD84" authority="(Saussure, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,765,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Conocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saltator" subGenus="Anisoptera">
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF12FD97FD48FD84" bold="true" box="[151,765,546,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF12FD97FE89FD85" bold="true" box="[151,316,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conocephalus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FEC9FD96FE7FFD85" bold="true" box="[332,458,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Anisoptera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FE5EFD97FD87FD85" bold="true" box="[475,562,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">saltator</emphasis>
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(Saussure, 1859)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15DE5FE0FFA2EF61FF12FDF2FE88FDD9" box="[151,317,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF12FDF2FE88FDD9" blockId="10.[151,765,546,609]" box="[151,317,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<figureCitation id="C5FF10EEFFA2EF61FF12FDF2FEA7FDD9" box="[151,274,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,273,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-50@9.[151,1436,273,1392]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Agraeciini and Conocephalini (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) from the ParNa Iguaçu. A and B: Agraecia agraecioides, male and female; C and D: Iaratrox maculata, male and female; E and F: Parasubria vittipes, male and female; G and H: Conocephalus (Anisoptera) saltator, male and female; I and J: Conocephalus (Opeastylus) longipes, male and female; K and L: Xiphelimum amplipennis, male and female" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6550047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6550047/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2G, H</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="C5FF10EEFFA2EF61FE9BFDF2FE88FDD9" box="[286,317,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-29@18.[151,1436,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Live specimens of Conocephalinae in ParNa Iguaçu: A and B: Iaratrox maculata, male and female; C: Parasubria vittipes, female; D: Xiphelimum amplipennis, male; E: Conocephalus saltator, male; F: Lamniceps gigliotosi, female; G: Neoconocephalus puiggarii, male; H: N. rioclarensis, male; I: N. alligattus, male; J: N. exaltatus, male; A, D and G–J, photos by Marcos Fianco; B, C and E, photos by Pedro. G.B. Souza-Dias." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6550067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6550067/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15DE5FE0FFA2EF61FF12FD3BFDE4FCAC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF12FD3BFE20FD49" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF12FD3BFE86FD10" bold="true" box="[151,307,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FEB8FD3AFE33FD11" box="[317,390,655,681]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FE11FD3AFE6DFD11" box="[404,472,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FE62FD3AFD60FD11" box="[487,725,655,681]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
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,
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FD61FD3BFC8EFD11" bold="true" box="[740,827,654,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FD61FD3BFC8EFD11" box="[740,827,654,681]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraná</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FCC8FD3AFC75FD11" box="[845,960,655,681]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FC48FD3AFBF5FD11" box="[973,1088,655,681]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FBCBFD3AFABDFD11" box="[1102,1288,655,681]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FA92FD3AFA2CFD11" box="[1303,1433,655,681]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FF12FD06FF46FD75" box="[151,243,691,717]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cartago</collectingRegion>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FE84FD06FED6FD75" box="[257,355,691,717]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FEEAFD06FE73FD75" box="[367,454,691,717]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guayas</collectingRegion>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FE51FD06FDCAFD75" box="[468,639,691,717]" name="French Guiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FD08FD06FCBFFD75" box="[653,778,691,717]" name="Guatemala" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FC92FD06FCC7FD75" box="[791,882,691,717]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FCFAFD06FC6EFD75" box="[895,987,691,717]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Panama</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FC6DFD06FBE0FD75" box="[1000,1109,691,717]" name="Paraguay" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FBE4FD06FB65FD75" box="[1121,1232,691,717]" country="Paraguay" name="Paraguari" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraguari</collectingRegion>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FB5BFD06FAA0FD75" box="[1246,1301,691,717]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Peru</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FAA4FD06FA2DFD75" box="[1313,1432,691,717]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="25D34CFBFFA2EF61FF12FD62FE84FD49" box="[151,305,727,753]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">United States</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FEB9FD62FE25FD49" box="[316,400,727,753]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF42FD4EFDE4FCAC" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" box="[199,593,762,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF42FD4EFDE4FCAC" bold="true" box="[199,593,762,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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New record for the
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<collectingRegion id="9F00C289FFA2EF61FE2AFD4FFDF9FCAC" box="[431,588,762,789]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraná State</collectingRegion>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15DE5FE0FFA2EF61FF42FCABFCE5FB51" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF42FCABFB60FC71" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF42FCABFEE7FC80" bold="true" box="[199,338,798,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comments:</emphasis>
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This species presents a broad geographical distribution, and is extremely abundant in open fields, being always found on grasses and other vegetations of open areas where they eat seeds of these plants. One interesting characteristic of this taxon is the polymorphism, as macropterous and brachypterous individuals can be found, as discovered by
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<bibRefCitation id="3955719AFFA2EF61FEDEFC3EFD70FC1D" author="Chamorro-Rengifo, J. & Silva, B. C. & Olivier, R. S. & Braun, H. & Araujo, D." box="[347,709,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="347 - 372" refId="ref30712" refString="Chamorro-Rengifo, J., Silva, B. C., Olivier, R. S., Braun, H. & Araujo, D. (2018) Meadow katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalini) from the Central-West Region of Brazil: Morphological, bioacoustic and cytogenetic study. Zootaxa, 4388 (3), 347 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4388.3.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Chamorro-Rengifo
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FDB2FC3EFDC5FC1D" box="[567,624,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Females seem to be rarer than males, but this perception can be related to sampling bias, since the aural observation was the principal way to find the specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF42FC67FBB4FBE1" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF42FC67FEEEFC54" bold="true" box="[199,347,978,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bioacoustics</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="C5FF10EEFFA2EF61FEEFFC66FE55FC55" box="[362,480,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[212,1384,186,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Calling songs of Conocephalini from the ParNa Iguaçu. A–C: Conocephalus (Anisoptera) saltator; D–F: Conocephalus (Opeastylus) longipes. A and D: sonogram of an echeme; B and E: sonogram of three syllables; C and F: spectrogram of the respective syllables." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6550055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6550055/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig 4A–C</figureCitation>
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): The calling song is structured in diplosyllables, the closing stroke producing a brief and with high amplitude sound, and the opening stroke producing long and with low amplitude sound. Just the closing stroke can be heard by human ear, because the opening strokes reach frequencies above 20 kHz. The calling song of the species was already described by
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<bibRefCitation id="3955719AFFA2EF61FD11FB8AFC48FBE1" author="Chamorro-Rengifo, J. & Silva, B. C. & Olivier, R. S. & Braun, H. & Araujo, D." box="[660,1021,1087,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="347 - 372" refId="ref30712" refString="Chamorro-Rengifo, J., Silva, B. C., Olivier, R. S., Braun, H. & Araujo, D. (2018) Meadow katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalini) from the Central-West Region of Brazil: Morphological, bioacoustic and cytogenetic study. Zootaxa, 4388 (3), 347 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4388.3.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Chamorro-Rengifo
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<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FCF5FB8AFC1DFBE1" box="[880,936,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2018)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF42FBD6FDDCFBC5" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" box="[199,617,1123,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF42FBD6FE1EFBC5" box="[199,427,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dominant frequency</emphasis>
|
||
: 13.8 ± 2.2 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF42FB32FE4BFB19" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" box="[199,510,1159,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF42FB32FEF5FB19" box="[199,320,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bandwidth</emphasis>
|
||
: 18.8 ± 2.7 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF42FB1EFD86FB7D" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" box="[199,563,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF42FB1EFE82FB7C" box="[199,311,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Duration:</emphasis>
|
||
Syllable: 0.26 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="38F06AACFFA2EF61FE72FB1EFD9BFB7D" box="[503,558,1195,1221]" degrees="0.4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5555" value="-0.4">0.4 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D7B0C6BFFA2EF61FF42FB7AFCE5FB51" blockId="10.[151,1437,654,1257]" box="[199,848,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FB0D079FFA2EF61FF42FB7AFEEAFB51" box="[199,351,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mute interval</emphasis>
|
||
: Syllable: 0.3 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="38F06AACFFA2EF61FD9CFB7AFDEBFB51" box="[537,606,1231,1257]" degrees="0.07" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="555" value="-0.07">0.07 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Echeme: 0.9 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="38F06AACFFA2EF61FC91FB7AFCFEFB51" box="[788,843,1231,1257]" degrees="0.3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5555" value="-0.3">0.3 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |