658 lines
60 KiB
XML
658 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1143-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB" ID-ZooBank="8889CB19B1594D07881C7A87B033BCF3" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1143-1" checkinTime="1674741947848" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro & Batista, Abel" docDate="2023" docId="5C3151DE21DD56FDA58239BBA2799285" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1143: 1-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1143" docPubDate="2023-01-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601" docTitle="Sibon irmelindicaprioae Arteaga & Batista 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E2264D87-D5DF-4977-9893-B85C7F762644" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB" masterDocTitle="A consolidated phylogeny of snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1674742250358" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A consolidated phylogeny of snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-3728</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador & Tropical Herping S. A., Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">af.arteaga.navarro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Batista, Abel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-3373</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Autonoma de Chiriqui (UNACHI), Vicerrectoria de investigacion y Postgrado, David, Chiriqui, Panama & Museo Herpetologico de Chiriqui (MHCH), David, Chiriqui, Panama & Fundacion Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama & Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SNI), SENACYT, Panama</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1143</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>49</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1143-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8889CB19B1594D07881C7A87B033BCF3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2264D87-D5DF-4977-9893-B85C7F762644" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C3151DE21DD56FDA58239BBA2799285" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/E2264D87-D5DF-4977-9893-B85C7F762644" authority="Arteaga & Batista, 2023" authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae" status="sp. nov.">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs of some species of Sibon in life a S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3269 from Chucanti Reserve, Darien province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia c S. canopy sp. nov. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama d, e S. annulatus from Centro Manu, Limon province, Costa Rica f S. ayerbeorum ZSFQ 5066 from Canande Biological Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador g S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador h S. marleyae sp. nov. ZSFQ 5068 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador i S. marleyae sp. nov. neonate from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2a, b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Adult male holotype of Sibon irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3143 in lateral views a right and b left side." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Differences in head morphology between species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus a S. annulatus MHCH 1982 from Bonyic, Bocas del Toro province, Panama b S. canopy sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3110 from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama c S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3120 from Pirre, Darien province, Panama d S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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, 5c Proposed standard English name:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="DiCaprio’s">DiCaprio's</normalizedToken>
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Snail-eating Snake Proposed standard Spanish name: Culebra caracolera de DiCaprio
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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: MHCH 3143 (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Adult male holotype of Sibon irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3143 in lateral views a right and b left side." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4b</figureCitation>
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), adult male collected by Abel Batista and Milan Vesely, on 29 September 2011 at Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bailarín">Bailarin</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pavarandó">Pavarando</normalizedToken>
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, Comarca
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Emberá-Wounaan">Embera-Wounaan</normalizedToken>
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, Panama (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7.69385" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.69385">7.69385</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="78.04267" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.04267">-78.04267</geoCoordinate>
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; 852 m a.s.l.).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Photographs of some species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in life
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. irmelindicaprioae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. MHCH 3269 from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chucantí">Chucanti</normalizedToken>
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Reserve,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
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province, Panama
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. irmelindicaprioae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. from Morromico Reserve,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
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department, Colombia
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. canopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canopy">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. canopy</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. from Cerro Gaital,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
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province, Panama
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d, e</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. annulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. annulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Centro Manu,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
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province, Costa Rica
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">f</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ayerbeorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ayerbeorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. ayerbeorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ZSFQ 5066 from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Canandé">Canande</normalizedToken>
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Biological Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">g</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. marleyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marleyae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marleyae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Verdecanandé">Verdecanande</normalizedToken>
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, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">h</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. marleyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marleyae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marleyae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. ZSFQ 5068 from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Verdecanandé">Verdecanande</normalizedToken>
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, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">i</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. marleyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marleyae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marleyae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. neonate from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Verdecanandé">Verdecanande</normalizedToken>
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, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Adult male holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. MHCH 3143 in lateral views
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
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right and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
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left side.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Photographs of some species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipsas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in life
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. canopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canopy">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. canopy</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. from El Valle de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antón">Anton</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
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province, Panama
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. irmelindicaprioae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
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province, Panama
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. marleyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marleyae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marleyae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Verdecanandé">Verdecanande</normalizedToken>
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, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">e</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dipsas" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dipsas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. from Cerro Gaital,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
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province, Panama
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">f</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. welborni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="welborni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. welborni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vía">Via</normalizedToken>
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a Nuevo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
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, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
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Differences in head morphology between species of
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. annulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. annulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MHCH 1982 from Bonyic, Bocas del Toro province, Panama
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. canopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canopy">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. canopy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3110 from Cerro Gaital,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">Cocle</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, Panama
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. irmelindicaprioae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. MHCH 3120 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pirré">Pirre</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, Panama
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. marleyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marleyae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Verdecanandé">Verdecanande</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
: MHCH 3145, adult female collected by Abel Batista and Milan Vesely on 26 September 2012 at Ambroya, Panama province, Panama (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.91680" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.9168">8.91680</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.61779" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.61779">-78.61779</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 484 m a.s.l.). MHCH 3146, adult male collected by Abel Batista on 16 November 2012 at Cerro Garra Garra,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pavarandó">Pavarando</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Comarca
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Emberá-Wounaan">Embera-Wounaan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Panama (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.76400" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.764">7.76400</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.10063" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.10063">-78.10063</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 655 m a.s.l.). MHCH 3111, adult male collected by Abel Batista, Madian Miranda, Orlando
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garcés">Garces</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rogemif Fuentes on 15 October 2016 at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chucantí">Chucanti</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, Panama (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.79773" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.79773">8.79773</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.46225" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.46225">-78.46225</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1295 m a.s.l.). MHCH 3120, adult male collected by Abel Batista, Madian Miranda, Michelle Quiroz, Marcos Ponce on 18 June 2015 at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pirré">Pirre</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, Panama (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.99695" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="7.99695">7.99695</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77.71040" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.7104">-77.71040</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 550 m a.s.l.). COLZOOCH-H 0792, adult male collected by Jhon Tailor Rengifo Mosquera on 6 March 2005 at El Afirmado,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||
department, Colombia (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.64190" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.6419">5.64190</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77.07550" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.0755">-77.07550</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 216 m a.s.l.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships within Dipsadini inferred using a Bayesian inference and derived from analysis of DNA gene fragments 12 S, 16 S, COI, CYTB, ND 4, DNAH 3, and NT 3. Support values on intra-specific branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95 - 100 %. Grey dots indicate values from 70 - 94 %. White dots indicate values from 50 - 69 % (values <50 % not shown). Colored clades correspond to the species' distribution presented in the maps. New or redefined species are indicated in bold type." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1a</figureCitation>
|
||
) and on having the penultimate supralabial conspicuously higher than all other supralabials. The species is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsals with enlarged vertebral row (1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as adjacent rows); (2) loreal and prefrontal in contact with orbit; (3) 7-9 supralabials with, usually, 5th and 6th contacting orbit; (4) 8-10 infralabials with 3rd-7th in contact with chinshields, first pair of infralabials not in contact behind symphysial due to presence of postmentals; (5) 187-196 ventrals in males, 174 in the single female; (6) 110-128 divided subcaudals in males, 117 in the single female; (7) dorsal background color olive with maroon lateral body blotches or irregular bands (2-6 dorsal scales long) and a reddish tint along the vertebral line (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs of some species of Sibon in life a S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3269 from Chucanti Reserve, Darien province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia c S. canopy sp. nov. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama d, e S. annulatus from Centro Manu, Limon province, Costa Rica f S. ayerbeorum ZSFQ 5066 from Canande Biological Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador g S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador h S. marleyae sp. nov. ZSFQ 5068 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador i S. marleyae sp. nov. neonate from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4b</figureCitation>
|
||
), ventral surfaces yellowish white with encroachment from the dorsal maroon blotches and with smaller blackish speckles and marks in-between the blotches, dorsal aspect of head variegated with a mixture of pinkish to maroon and pale olive yellow speckles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Differences in head morphology between species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus a S. annulatus MHCH 1982 from Bonyic, Bocas del Toro province, Panama b S. canopy sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3110 from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama c S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3120 from Pirre, Darien province, Panama d S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5c</figureCitation>
|
||
), throat yellowish white with brownish blotches and spots, iris pale olive brown to rich dark brown; (8) 292-387 mm SVL in males, 402 mm in the single female; (9) 123-193 mm TL in males, 204 mm in the single female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is compared to other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. annulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu lato (differences summarized in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between Sibon annulatus, S. canopy sp. nov., S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov., and S. marleyae sp. nov. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample, Peters (1960), Savage and McDiarmid 1992, Lewis et al. (2013), Lotzkat (2014), and Meneses-Pelayo et al. (2016). The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/62D3A77C748AA31562F47E3846651BA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="62D3A77C748AA31562F47E3846651BA3">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. annulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu stricto, the new species differs in having the dorsal body bands faint and broken along the vertebral line (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs of some species of Sibon in life a S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3269 from Chucanti Reserve, Darien province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia c S. canopy sp. nov. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama d, e S. annulatus from Centro Manu, Limon province, Costa Rica f S. ayerbeorum ZSFQ 5066 from Canande Biological Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador g S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador h S. marleyae sp. nov. ZSFQ 5068 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador i S. marleyae sp. nov. neonate from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and by having a finely variegated pattern on the dorsal surface of the head (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Differences in head morphology between species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus a S. annulatus MHCH 1982 from Bonyic, Bocas del Toro province, Panama b S. canopy sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3110 from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama c S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3120 from Pirre, Darien province, Panama d S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5c</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. annulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dorsal bands reach over all dorsal and lateral surfaces and extend comparably far onto the ventral surfaces (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs of some species of Sibon in life a S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3269 from Chucanti Reserve, Darien province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia c S. canopy sp. nov. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama d, e S. annulatus from Centro Manu, Limon province, Costa Rica f S. ayerbeorum ZSFQ 5066 from Canande Biological Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador g S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador h S. marleyae sp. nov. ZSFQ 5068 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador i S. marleyae sp. nov. neonate from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2d, e</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the head pattern consists of symmetrical broad blotches (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Differences in head morphology between species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus a S. annulatus MHCH 1982 from Bonyic, Bocas del Toro province, Panama b S. canopy sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3110 from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama c S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3120 from Pirre, Darien province, Panama d S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. canopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canopy">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. canopy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having two (instead of one) postmental scales, a higher number of infralabials (8-10 instead of 6-10), a higher number of ventrals in males (187-196 instead of 180-189), a finely variegated pattern on the dorsal surface of the head (instead of broad irregular blotches; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Differences in head morphology between species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus a S. annulatus MHCH 1982 from Bonyic, Bocas del Toro province, Panama b S. canopy sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3110 from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama c S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3120 from Pirre, Darien province, Panama d S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by lacking reddish spots enclosed in the dorsal olive interspaces (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Photographs of some species of Sibon in life a S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3269 from Chucanti Reserve, Darien province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia c S. canopy sp. nov. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama d, e S. annulatus from Centro Manu, Limon province, Costa Rica f S. ayerbeorum ZSFQ 5066 from Canande Biological Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador g S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador h S. marleyae sp. nov. ZSFQ 5068 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador i S. marleyae sp. nov. neonate from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. marleyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marleyae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by having a finely variegated pattern on the dorsal surface of the head (instead of having irregular/symmetrical broad blotches; see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Differences in head morphology between species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus a S. annulatus MHCH 1982 from Bonyic, Bocas del Toro province, Panama b S. canopy sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3110 from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama c S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. MHCH 3120 from Pirre, Darien province, Panama d S. marleyae sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5065 from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
), distinct dorsal bands (instead of bands usually broken along the vertebral line), and a higher number (over 177) of ventrals in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="62D3A77C748AA31562F47E3846651BA3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/62D3A77C748AA31562F47E3846651BA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon annulatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. canopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="canopy">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. canopy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. irmelindicaprioae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. marleyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marleyae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. marleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peters, JA" journalOrPublisher="Univesity of Michigan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 224" refId="B79" refString="Peters, JA, 1960. The snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology. Univesity of Michigan 114: 1 - 224" title="The snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology." volume="114" year="1960">Peters (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Savage and McDiarmid 1992,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v12i1p47-55" author="Lewis, TR" journalOrPublisher="Phyllomedusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="47 - 55" refId="B60" refString="Lewis, TR, Griffin, RK, Grant, PBC, Figueroa, A, Ray, JM, Graham, KE, David, G, 2013. Morphology and ecology of Sibon snakes (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from two Neotropical forests in Mesoamerica. Phyllomedusa 12: 47 - 55, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v12i1p47-55" title="Morphology and ecology of Sibon snakes (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from two Neotropical forests in Mesoamerica." url="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v12i1p47-55" volume="12" year="2013">Lewis et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lotzkat, S" journalOrPublisher="PhD thesis, Goethe-Universitaet in Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B62" refString="Lotzkat, S, 2014. Diversity, taxonomy, and biogeography of the reptiles inhabiting the highlands of the Cordillera Central (Serrania de Talamanca and Serrania de Tabasara) in western Panama. PhD thesis, Goethe-Universitaet in Frankfurt am Main" title="Diversity, taxonomy, and biogeography of the reptiles inhabiting the highlands of the Cordillera Central (Serrania de Talamanca and Serrania de Tabasara) in western Panama." year="2014">Lotzkat (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1931" author="Meneses-Pelayo, E" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 5" refId="B66" refString="Meneses-Pelayo, E, Echavarria-Renteria, JD, Bayona-Serrano, JD, Caicedo-Portilla, JC, Rengifo-Mosquera, JT, 2016. New records and an update of the distribution of Sibon annulatus (Colubridae: Dipsadinae: Dipsadini) for Colombia. Check List 12 (4): 1 - 5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1931" title="New records and an update of the distribution of Sibon annulatus (Colubridae: Dipsadinae: Dipsadini) for Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1931" volume="12" year="2016">Meneses-Pelayo et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Variable</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon annulatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon canopy" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canopy">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon canopy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon marleyae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marleyae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon marleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Dorsum pattern</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Reddish bands distinct and extending over the entire dorsal and lateral surfaces</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Reddish bands distinct and broken along vertebral line in about half of individuals</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Reddish bands faint and broken along vertebral line</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Reddish bands distinct and usually broken along vertebral line</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Reddish vertebral spots in interspaces</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">No</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Yes</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">No</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">No</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Head pattern</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Symmetrical broad blotches</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Irregular broad blotches</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Finely variegated</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Irregular/symmetrical broad blotches</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Supralabials</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7-8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6-8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7-9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7-8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Infralabials</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7-9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6-8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8-10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8-9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Postmentals</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2 (1 in QCAZ 16974)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Sex</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Maximum TOL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">707 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">611 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">648 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">536 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">580 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">606 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">657 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">551 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Ventrals</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">170-192</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">161-186</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">180-189</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">170-185</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">187-196</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">174</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">186-204</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">176-193</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Subcaudals</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">108-135</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">113-126</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">113-130</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">107-124</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">110-128</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">117</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">130-143</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">109-128</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Adult male, SVL 387 mm, tail length 193 mm (49% SVL); head length 14.3 mm (3.7% SVL) from tip of snout to angle of jaw; head width 9.0 mm (88% head length) taken at broadest point; snout-orbit distance 2.3 mm; head distinct from neck; snout short, blunt in dorsal outline and rounded in profile; rostral 1.8 mm wide, higher than broad; internasals 1.8 mm wide, broader than long; prefrontals 2.3 mm wide, longer than broad, entering orbit; supraocular 3.6 mm long, longer than broad; frontal 3.7 mm long, pentagonal and with an inward-bent anterior border, in contact with prefrontals, supraoculars, and parietals; parietals 5.8 mm long, longer than broad; nasal divided, in contact with first two supralabials, loreal, prefrontal, internasal, and rostral; loreal 1.4 mm long, longer than high, entering the orbit; eye diameter 3.7 mm; pupil semi-elliptical; no preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+3 on the right side, 2+3 on the left side; eight supralabials with 5th and 6th contacting orbit on the right side, eight supralabials with 5th and 6th contacting orbit on the left side; symphysial precluded from contacting chinshields by a pair of postmentals; ten infralabials, 3rd-7th contacting chinshields; two pair of chinshields longer than wide; dorsal scales in 15/15/15 rows, smooth, without apical pits; 193 ventrals; 128 paired subcaudals; cloacal plate single.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have been found at night foraging on shrubs, trees, and palm fronds 200-300 cm above the ground in old-growth to moderately disturbed evergreen lowland/foothill forests. Snakes of this species are docile and never attempt to bite. When threatened, individuals may hide the head among body coils and produce a musky and distasteful odor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known from 16 localities (listed in Suppl. material 2) in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||
region of eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia, with an isolated population on the western slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. The species occurs over an estimated area of 62,241 km2 and has been recorded at elevations 346-1295 m above sea level (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus. Black symbols represent type localities; white symbols other localities listed in Suppl. material 2. Colored areas show the extent of suitable environmental conditions for each species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800572" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Since the population on the Cordillera Oriental is isolated from the remaining populations and individuals in this area occur at higher elevations and have a different dorsal color pattern, we provisionally assign them to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. irmelindicaprioae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. pending more comprehensive genetic analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800572" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. annulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Black symbols represent type localities; white symbols other localities listed in Suppl. material 2. Colored areas show the extent of suitable environmental conditions for each species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a patronym honoring Irmelin DiCaprio (1945-present), mother of Leonardo DiCaprio, long-time advocate and supporter of biodiversity conservation around the world.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon irmelindicaprioae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be included in the Near Threatened category following IUCN Red List criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoge, AR" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B54" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1.IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 30 pp." year="1964">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because the species is distributed over a region that holds large areas of continuous unspoiled forest. Based on the species distribution model presented in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. annulatus. Black symbols represent type localities; white symbols other localities listed in Suppl. material 2. Colored areas show the extent of suitable environmental conditions for each species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800572" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
in combination with maps of vegetation cover of Colombia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoge, AR" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B53" refString="IDEAM (2014) Mapa de Cobertura de la Tierra Adaptada Para Colombia.Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales, Bogota, 1 pp." year="1964">IDEAM 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Panama (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Caramaschi, U" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="CATHALAC (2011) Mapa Centroamericano de Cobertura y Uso de la Tierra, Cambios de Cobertura y Uso de la Tierra 1980-1990-2000-2010.Programa Regional para la Reduccion de la Vulnerabilidad y Degradacion Ambiental, Ciudad de Panama, 166 pp." year="2006">CATHALAC 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we estimate that more than half (~ 54%) of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
forest habitat is still standing. Unfortunately, vast areas of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||
rainforest in northern Colombia and towards central Panama have already been converted to pastures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" author="Myers, N" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="835 - 838" refId="B70" refString="Myers, N, Mittermeier, RA, Mittermeier, CG, da Fonseca, GAB, Kent, J, 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403 (6772): 835 - 838, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" title="Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" volume="403" year="2000">Myers et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. irmelindicaprioae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irmelindicaprioae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. irmelindicaprioae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. occurs over an area greater than 50,000 km2 and is presumably not declining fast enough to qualify for a threatened category.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |