292 lines
28 KiB
XML
292 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="67BADE801A4E28678B197DBEF87E0557" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.21690" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ae746066-49d5-4114-b580-39dc874dc23e" ID-PMC="PMC6048178" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-773-109" ID-PubMed="30026663" ID-ZooBank="2A36493366624B6C84774AAE1E591652" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-773-109" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 773" ModsDocTitle="Hawaiian Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) leaf mining moths on Myrsine (Primulaceae): two new species and biological data" checkinTime="1531209161602" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A., Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, Camiel Doorenweerd,, Kawakita, Atsushi, Ohshima, Issei, Lees, David C., Hanabergh, Sofia & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2018" docId="48A92472C55442594EB2CC368AEC78E4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 773: 109-141" docOrigin="ZooKeys 773" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.21690" docTitle="Philodoria auromagnifica Walsingham 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="FFE4B918FFEC4228FFBEFFE31054FFD4" masterDocTitle="Hawaiian Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) leaf mining moths on Myrsine (Primulaceae): two new species and biological data" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1701316533703" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="5AD8751987AA5AACD9A1BCC4B4B72CE6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5977AE8AA287987F90440BB8847D0899">
|
||
<mods:title id="EA190185F676B02592417E02E90638DD">Hawaiian Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) leaf mining moths on Myrsine (Primulaceae): two new species and biological data</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8E72D16F519612F37C8CFB78E718AF4D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2EF0112EAB77D561AE2E8276D9E4AB51">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7CE643A5F13C73044C00CCF701B64FC1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4EDEBD5494AA0E12C854AAD4864828CC">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="36B131F5F22E7B303765BE9CFEECE6AB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="15696816601EEBC74195CDA8F4E6E6C0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3D1463FEFFB77220D4CD7F523E96E235">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C4FD7A6B368DEBE5CEA03A86845C3E42">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="10FF82E60D8918F0B8E5CC09BA52079D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="30DED0CD9099C56E5B00A32ADC4097D1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A8DFB13FB0ACF7C1520ABDBBC3674069">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6910EB9817AF03A91A7ACF8F80131D37">Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="34ED2922D4903DA5F627CCD23B035C2C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="81553823C38DCA90E1A3C1F64518DE77">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DB08D57F1D48B0E05C52CF11A5E613E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3C190782A56DE21F1EC62FE52C0E56D3">Camiel Doorenweerd,</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="53081B9B87E36C77FB3174EABC75DBF3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A276080811D0656C0C0775175FD27EEC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8CA349CD19EE681B051B0B475821518A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D230567419F4B29CF3CA656359E0D8E5">Kawakita, Atsushi</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C7C96062B1180760FB0886CCDF4550DC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8AB97BD485E778A3A061A2946DBA23B1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C88C29BE43FA2D4E0F3D1D8B905900BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="423AED23C045FFE14FFD5B363C32A25E">Ohshima, Issei</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0F89D6AF25039143D0C0F4284D9360D9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CB9BE191648E0A8DC5E29759CF9D2485">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3FD693F21887522CD88BA376C9E627A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D69894816133E9F651DD784461E33CC9">Lees, David C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1B72CDED4EF5050B718D9B893867FC9E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D2CF4845DE33A597E70610220D745262">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BF3E179F942BBBDA7461A934DF185C6E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FEDB9E7D596A51039ABDB69AEA297ACA">Hanabergh, Sofia</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0773E9C244FAC1BFCFD823032E12B35D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AC6E1B3DA97EED9C24EEFF6556FF4872">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="459FAF1EDBBE098C773982AA3C1A7B83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0272E7D4D86E752A3A9BB7D171B8FB92">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="B12CD31A25248BA1AF4F6FDCC9916B7D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C62C2A5706CDEA3DDBA9903BFD69C20C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3B60C7736E171017F33981A52AD202B9">
|
||
<mods:title id="F46286D6C89B8B64ECEE567D38DEF35E">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="AFE936333BC52245E9F93B31BAEC0055">
|
||
<mods:date id="33899F4AACBE863DB78BE64C65ED75B0">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4AEBD4D55ED42A9525CB0904B7C59195" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="67F3A735E02BC755267D349302A9B8EE">773</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="2D8D8DA272B4EBAEA64343AAA89D44E8" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F3035FF41DA9C3DCDB7F1AB6F575F4FD">109</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="5A18F43C1A17DFF756287CDDAFF70E85">141</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="666412CB5B385A2E742AC6D62D0597FF">
|
||
<mods:url id="20873A62898F3464FE199C1969EBEB9B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.21690</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B4465D9FE625262F9857F5FB753B11AE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="24A819E7314B5DA364F18FAB37D0F116" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.21690</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="259CE766DEB9E67EAACB5D3F81E668C7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-773-109</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="66C168DB96FE849196F3972D1A55D2F4" type="ZooBank">2A36493366624B6C84774AAE1E591652</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="48A92472C55442594EB2CC368AEC78E4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146053671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:48A92472C55442594EB2CC368AEC78E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48A92472C55442594EB2CC368AEC78E4" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<subSubSection id="CB16950949218A1775B98D9112AE63B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="628E20EA4CCD9AC27D6D5511E9D17BAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6879A2934D59C00917A01CF34449C075" ID-CoL="4G8N6" authority="Walsingham, 1907" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philodoria auromagnifica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auromagnifica">Philodoria auromagnifica Walsingham, 1907</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 2E, F, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D726B16A84A5E92D87BCD662F8965B74" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B31DE5AFA0E614AE315AEFE79B62D605" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7G, 8B, 11, 14C
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6D87007305A47592A9C00372EB58744" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="768D8802610D420B5FA1EF0198741326" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A92F9519382AEF971C0DBB44EDFF7249" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philodoria auromagnifica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auromagnifica">Philodoria auromagnifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walsingham, 1907: 718, pl. 25, fig. 20;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0CBF1119029E619955FFBD2B68558159" author="Swezey, OH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="221 - 227" title="Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands." volume="2" year="1913 b">Swezey 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 223.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="09B8A355A29588E30E5F67841D418D17" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="076ECC4248548F41A00C1DB3C925818E" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philodoria (Philodoria) auromagnifica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auromagnifica" subGenus="Philodoria">Philodoria (Philodoria) auromagnifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walsingham, 1907:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43A12A7933309458BB2060D3BB718282" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Zimmerman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 695, figs 461, 468, 474.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48A007698FC89018F506225E70110456" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph id="7C5E67107FCD09DFFBA05883F96F4B77" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1ED6FAB579BF1C7E21AAD39C13833F14" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">mountains, 2000 ft near Honolulu (Oahu).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72A338E47DCAE630CF81F9CDD97265FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F8E4CA6BCE1215366DF87C66EF9A70B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4BBB960E7CBE9EA3CDC147491F41176A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Holotype ♂, Mts. 2000 ft near Honolulu, Oahu, 25.x.1892, Perkins. 25857|BM slide no. 472|Walsingham Collection. 1910-427.|NHMUK010305330| in NHMUK. This species was described based on a single specimen from Oahu. The
|
||
<normalizedToken id="70B7678E5616C5BE9592F0DEA8C6CC52" originalValue="‘type’">'type'</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen, designated by Walsingham is here thus the holotype following article 73.1.2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC7994FB39C109FFB164B47312126015" author="Hebert, PDN" journalOrPublisher="London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" title="International code of zoological nomenclature, fourth edition." year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FBB572947BDA2ABD272CACDF86D832C" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F31C27F729CD01FEB4D731D518A0A6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE0554A45FF7BC4E017C4AFE2937E78E" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">22 (8♂ 11♀ 3 unsexed)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C23D30D8B2805C7B3342BF3A709D8FD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Kauai Is: 1♂, Mt. Kahili, 18.vi.2013 (stored), N. Tangalin leg., Nat Collection, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AC59512305E91915258B1E7526C1B5E" lsidName="M. wawraea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="wawraea">M. wawraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CJ-148, SK689♂ in BPBM; 1♀, 4000 ft, Kokee State Park, Kahuamaa Flat, 21.viii.1973|K. & E. Sattler, BM1973-498|BMNH(E)1621087|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D1998E559658380B96A62EEEA4818D7" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philodoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Philodoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 5 (Kauai) Sattler coll. Colour slide 67, D.C. Lees Sep 2016 in NHMUK; 1♂, same data labels as last specimen but 28.viii.1973|67|BMNH(E)1621087; 2 unsexed, Kauai, 3600', Kokee State Park Kaumuohua Ridge (Milolii Ridge Rd) 1.vii.1982|K. & E. Sattler, BM1982-342| BMNH(E)1621081; same data, but BMNH(E)1621088; 1♂, Kauai, 3800', Kokee State Park Kumuwela Ridge Waininiua Trail 24,vi.1982|K. & E. Sattler, BM1982-342|BMNH(E)1621091.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BDA69C9BC0BC52072B2877F1C646A48A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Oahu Is: 1♂, Kahana, 1.i.1928, O.H. Swezey Collector, "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="115086D44A8711DE936ACC014CB652FC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Suttonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Suttonia" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Suttonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
"(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="228CBD0CF3246CABB1A5F3C5E0E67A7B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Z-XII-20-62-5♂, BPBM no. 34142 in BPBM; 2♀, Olympus, Coll. O.H.S, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DF3068F42015DF3BE6D9328E1EB88B0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 33, J.F.G.C. #3801♀ in USNM. 1♀, Wailupe, 11.i.1925, O.H. Swezey Collector, "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4830038FD0D78A2415A90A7B4F7E6F2C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Suttonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Suttonia" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Suttonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
"(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C545A2A3C88C97CCB5298771AB1943E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Z-XII-20-62-6♀, 34143 in BPBM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E13D717DCD5B90D105D73B005D5C6EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Molokai Is, in BPBM: 1 unsexed, Kawela, 3700ft, 23.xii.1925, O.H. Swezey Collector, "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AB6E76A3377D930416FE505625B7932" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Suttonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Suttonia" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Suttonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
"(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D10080F8E7841693627E87BB3C692C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 34144;1♂, Kamakou Boardwalk, 24.i.2014 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B3C75315D2C35CA7FBEE6F7908ADD1D" lsidName="M. lessertiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="lessertiana">M. lessertiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 18.xii.2013, CJ-241, SK768♂ in BPBM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BADC9B790FCBE686335A34729E53770A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Hawaii Is.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="96BD9DED616B4A16BBC09F57C22BF49A" originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
Volcanoes National Park, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE9E4EEBF1C55D47C9EFB0FC01B1793" lsidName="M. lessertiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="lessertiana">M. lessertiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
in BPBM: 2♀, A. Kawakita leg.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="26C2C7197E17E266C30BDBACB154C706" originalValue="“Non-leaf-dropper”">"Non-leaf-dropper"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 25.iv.2016 (larva), SK622♀, SK623♀; 3♂ 4♀, 17-24.v.2016 em., A.Y. Kawahara leg., 27&29.iv.2016 (Cocoon & larva), SKH-10, SK802♀, SKH-13, SK805♂, AYK0002, SK806♂, HILO053, SK800♂, HILO054, SK811♀, HILO059, SK810♀; 1♀, Lava tube, 15.v.2016 em., C.L.-Vaamonde & C. Doorenweerd leg., 22.iv.2016, HILO020/AYK0001, SK809♀.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B95A03C662259F7B733301344AABC88F" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="46D4C8DC003D64F885C7CE814870FB14" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A827B33B3B64DF031E7F53CB1FF6DA94" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AB5E56D30BEB29145EE2BFCEDDA2F61" lsidName="P. succedanea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="succedanea">P. succedanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but recognizable by the dark brownish orange patches and brownish orange basal patch in the forewing; a fuscous patch with dark orangish scales in the apical portion (Table 4; Figs 2E, F, 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68B5FE00047D5B7F8C2D76ABD74719AA" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
); in the male genitalia by the rather long valva narrowing in the middle, vinculum large, inflexed on the ventral side, broad and straight saccus (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86362D94BBF2CEEBB5CE6EA8C6AD1AF9" originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
); in the female genitalia by signa with rather blunt spines (Fig. 7G). See also diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71C45EAC438F1C4550297DBD591BCCCD" lsidName="P. succedanea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="succedanea">P. succedanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="734375EDC81C00ACC7FEF4D268543C1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0E521F72898818ED058B17477F9073" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39F45092810C0C4242CA7DC20FF6D02A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Adult (Fig. 2E, F). Wingspan 8 mm in holotype, 7-9 mm in other specimens; forewing length 3.5 mm in holotype, 3.2-3.9 mm in others. Head and frons dark steely fuscous; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus ochreous to brown. Antenna dark fuscous. Thorax: dark brownish orange, becoming fuscous posteriorly. Forewing shiny, metallic bronze with dark brownish orange patches: a large one at base bordered with black ground color (Figs 2E, F, 5E, F, H), sometimes missing orange color (Fig. 8B); an oblique transverse fascia before the middle of wing, bordered with black ground color, sometimes missing orange color (Fig. 11A); a large transverse patch after the middle to costal 3/4, narrowing greatly in the dorsum, extending to dorsal 2/3, containing a white costal spot; one white color band on the middle of the first bronze color band, others on both extremities of second and third bands; a fuscous patch mixed with dark brownish orange scales extending toward the termen and apex with a black apical spot; cilia shiny, dark bronze grey. Hindwing dark tawny fuscous. Abdomen and legs fuscous above, white beneath.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BD228E77452F3B573301BC439B1C8984" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<paragraph id="C63441F945B8B0D11964E570CAC4D64F" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Figure 11. Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50214F85256210763D4DEACA42BA2303" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philodoria auromagnifica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auromagnifica">Philodoria auromagnifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
with its hostplant. A Resting posture of adult male, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ABEDC8838C2B3B958443561543DBF62" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine wawraea" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wawraea">Myrsine wawraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kauai CJ-148 B, C Later mine, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64948FB68E8931A40AD3997D4E4FDE67" lsidName="M. lessertiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="lessertiana">M. lessertiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0509BE3B8F2075C7A1DB8C252301533B" originalValue="Hawai’i">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
|
||
Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE3536AD7957F0D5A6B17958255717F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Male genitalia (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C43E1DA9BB5180DFB9CC0B0708C14D8" originalValue="E–L">E-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (n = 5). Capsule 940-980
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A0F749FCF4C83036B18C9299B17CAC62" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Tegumen 540-580
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2D3961B355D26D7BD4DB82768BD011E5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6152D406466B757CC2349F5F5011253" lsidName="P. succedanea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="succedanea">P. succedanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
except tegumen 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="23A88DEC0E893DD2659BC0D9CAD305B8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of valva; valva 460-480
|
||
<normalizedToken id="76A96F09CB41F54D67FD093C29C8F24E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, broad and slightly narrowing in the middle (Fig. 6E, I); vinculum large, inflexed on the ventral side (Fig. 6G, K); saccus 300
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6DF249A39A15ED85BC4A20589237766F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, broad and straight (Fig. 6F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D843E612189F360F805E736F1454C128" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Female genitalia (Fig. 7G) (n = 7). Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="412E7094BF0036F5AD3B73E722E30C02" lsidName="P. succedanea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="succedanea">P. succedanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but different in having rather slender tapering antrum and rather blunt spines on the signa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F034147F71FE5C490162C1B550D17DCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D889095FB7989AA31345C603B760B360" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1BA591F4278563822CF27CA5D5F89826" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Kauai: new record, Oahu (Walsingham 1907), Molokai (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6AB7E10BF3EB1953F4D8A9155CA84EE" author="Swezey, OH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="293 - 314" title="Further notes on the forest insects of Molokai." volume="7" year="1929">Swezey and Bryan 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Hawaii (Big Island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="169D61C072982FBF1D76331223267363" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Zimmerman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8765FB6C2B265A6D80870EE1BAA63E84" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph id="F07D9A388B69E16CA96A080D52BA3023" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="60401DA236F8734E71E153A0C29A2462" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6D86774A07D5B42DDA36206479ACC37" family="Primulaceae" lsidName="Philodoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9973B41F48CB66372F901BDB819012D0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2747A349AEE4B675F87EA6EBCAAA8DBA" author="Swezey, OH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="197 - 199" title="A day's collecting at Punaluu, Oahu." volume="2" year="1913 a">Swezey 1913a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F50F3C9E632E8975BCE92C4F438984DD" lsidName="M. lessertiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="lessertiana">M. lessertiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. DC. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="598FA13D5273D412AA6B4A312543AEB8" lsidName="M. sandwicensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">M. sandwicensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. DC. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9CDC29D65190680DC8F720CD25F4DE3D" author="Johns, CA" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="361 - 372" title="Molecular phylogeny, revised higher classification, and implications for conservation of endangered Hawaiian leaf-mining moths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Philodoria)." url="https://doi.org/10.2984/70.3.7" volume="70" year="2016">Johns et al 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ADF65E15576D026CDDEF6A199046D9A" lsidName="M. wawraea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="wawraea">M. wawraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mez) Hosaka: new record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1821FD7C61C615951E42013AA9F73FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="242A1891EC265E5133976B9ECC7FE6A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="249521C1B3E2986A24A184705388E7BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
(Figs 8B, 11, 14C). The larvae mine the adaxial side of leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAA2EC57D7D390B6A08C590ED12E13DF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, forming a long serpentine mine (Fig. 11B) and gradually expanding as they feed (Figs 11C, 14C2, C3). Old mines are ocherous to brown in coloration (Fig. 14C1). There were usually one to two mines per leaf (Fig. 11B). The pupal cocoon is prepared outside the mine, on either surface of the leaf, and one was found on the bark of the host.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A6AEDBF48E618093AE56F60A778EA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="dna barcoding">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D140DA2D1E9C7309B2B9EA9CD32A6AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">DNA barcoding.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1ADDA4FEC3550B896503CAB8D283176" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
BIN BOLD:ADD6965. The two specimens sequenced for COI are from Hawaii and diverge by 0.31%, whereas the p-distance to the nearest neighbor,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A96C99C931DF97EF99D01BAC161CE5C" lsidName="P. kauaulaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="kauaulaensis">P. kauaulaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is 5.58%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90BC47D5A4963A116E772CA5E9D21606" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="parasitoids">
|
||
<paragraph id="A3CB7B4DF0C5E078ACAE9E8D0781FD22" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Parasitoids.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF4F501E4E6F869AC5C5CBD822701C7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A1188481B3810080EE4F7F1AE8E15DA" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euderus metallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">Euderus metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="264643BF09112BC4AAFCD77A163378BF" family="Eulophidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C4F423B27EBC1FEA8857D274AA94E0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Zimmerman 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F773C818F7E5CFCC6BDBE1B7939812A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB58BB3D95F1399BE5927C3BD17A2728" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93CB1EEE65A168BB9F646C65523D504A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
We collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C09F80CD30602AD588D5A73E401A5B3" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philodoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Philodoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaf mines from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="635EA6188E061C7A495F945029C6CA63" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants on Kauai Island (See also remarks for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AB1D3CC8AECCD6E37B7A22980DDF93A" lsidName="P. succedanea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="succedanea">P. succedanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
), only one male adult identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF0C6009638CCE071650EE7D9AE58AC3" lsidName="P. auromagnifica" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="auromagnifica">P. auromagnifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged from a larva that fed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D38832F80E37099F147DFF36F924F052" lsidName="M. wawraea" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="wawraea">M. wawraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 14C3). The Kauai specimens have a black second transverse fascia (Fig. 11A), but male genital variation that we observed appears to be intraspecific (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7566E02A61B9694FCE2D834BCA8AF2BB" originalValue="I–L">I-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Some specimens have a oblong valva which narrows in the middle (Fig. 6I), while others have a long tegumen about same length of valva, and slender vinculum and saccus in ventral view (Fig. 6J, K). We notice some wing pattern variation between islands, particularly in the extent of the orange forewing markings, and detailed DNA barcoding in future may prove revealing as regard the integrity of this species as we recognize it here. Two barcoded specimens collected from Hawaii (Big) Island (RMNH.5013750, CLV6240) belong to the same BIN (BOLD:ADD6965).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |