437 lines
55 KiB
XML
437 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="D1C74A62A6C7BF0D7F9BD4A451C174B9" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007" ID-ISSN="2213-2244" ID-PMC="PMC4356868" ID-PubMed="25830104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10933862" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1712341860344" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith, Matthew M. & Ramey, Andrew M." docDate="2015" docId="4850CC0BFFAFFF81B638DBEA8B450FA7" docLanguage="en" docName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.4.1.22-28.pdf" docOrigin="International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 4 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007" docStyle="DocumentStyle:77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931.2:IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="77CC2CF2FBA7BCD129DD16D0D4F96931" docStyleName="IntJParasitolParasitesWildlife.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Miozoa" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="B469B473FFADFF85B51ADE3B892B092A" masterDocTitle="Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1712953539050" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
|
|
<mods:mods id="BEF76A5205073BE63F941B3B4A795B69" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="1545E2F69BF147638A9BF5131296627C">
|
|
<mods:title id="D1D4B38F537122EB97DF715E5F7F89AC">Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="8F451F530F637390CF4F745597AD0EE8" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="58C7AB0035C0E7E28187F2C445D02763">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="54FF999363B40E6FD62C695AB1689162">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="492FEA66FA7A84B05C9E251EAA5CBE88">Smith, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="E6211351A03D381F70416ECCFC54CCB3">Institute of Arctic Biology, Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 211 Irving I, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA & US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="A9CEB1996C570DBFCED96EFE0DEA819D" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="E1BD34C5399FE65A54ABAD60E6F303C1">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="038916A684ACA027CF6A61503866195B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="221A8C264F4168B33E1866B107C24C68">Ramey, Andrew M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="BF79BAB2BD3D6C37A16E8DD34ED970FF">US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="9C4A664D82C3B1B2B56429A2386FB17B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="6F53BCA1C689BD6E89F6339EA11B7239" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="A0A0599FCE6165D9F644193A2B4314EB">
|
|
<mods:title id="3D25E280A78B20C84E994A9F8437E1C6">International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="58F29C38FF4EF18B9B08EF096FBC230A">
|
|
<mods:date id="FF5E32B18BED0A7AC9A3B723CE84CDA7">2015</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="A1B27E5CB90026D4FC75A2191B68E7FC" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="AE3A75E4C5AF9C1220D4AE62CA703E01">2015-04-30</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="9ADBA22C2672241C72A7DB538BE4D844" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="37725AC8C7416BF36BB49510B502199E">4</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="8DB3C9A0BE5A84BAE418A075F7185D79" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="ED4834851B136F3FD67BE0F11D0D6F14">1</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="045D53C0BF511C674FA9DE88BEA8381E" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="0DE88CFF9D9C671B8E8DC66BB818938E">22</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="3047C22748F2BE9D3ECFBCD7BB92479E">28</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="201903D87ECA72610588BB2A81FDC83C">
|
|
<mods:url id="FC5FDFC836E8D2D44CC9E16EF70A896C">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="22453332CFF4A4AD57EB16B73C355761">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="682D61F522F8B6A82FEE101C857E6048" type="DOI">10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.12.007</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="C8D4933CA335C3D6E44B5A24A1E05A0E" type="ISSN">2213-2244</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="08B01CAD32F62EDBF20FCCF778D874A4" type="PMC">PMC4356868</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="48D8958501448CC16020E7ABE57C9779" type="PubMed">25830104</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="CC1A232A97B5684344F0EB691EF1BF35" type="Zenodo-Dep">10933862</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="4850CC0BFFAFFF81B638DBEA8B450FA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4850CC0BFFAFFF81B638DBEA8B450FA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4850CC0BFFAFFF81B638DBEA8B450FA7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<subSubSection id="88E32E96FFAFFF87B638DBEA8D940CCF" box="[802,1215,1489,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAFFF87B638DBEA8D940CCF" blockId="2.[802,1215,1489,1509]" box="[802,1215,1489,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<heading id="9B0ECA71FFAFFF87B638DBEA8D940CCF" box="[802,1215,1489,1509]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAFFF87B638DBEA8D940CCF" box="[802,1215,1489,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
|
3.1.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAFFF87B654DBEA8AE30CCF" box="[846,968,1489,1509]" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="class">Haematozoa</taxonomicName>
|
|
detection and prevalence
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="88E32E96FFAFFF86B658D8328A940AB0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAFFF87B658D8328A5C0EEA" blockId="2.[802,1473,1545,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
|
Of the 804 waterfowl blood samples screened for haematozoa infection, five samples failed to amplify the region of the COI gene used as a positive control. These samples were dropped from further analyses since we were unable to verify the presence of DNA in each extraction. Of the remaining 799 samples, 25 were positive for haematozoa infection (3.1% prevalence). Two samples were coinfected with parasites of multiple genera for a total of 27 haematozoa infections (
|
|
<tableCitation id="8D7B48A6FFAFFF87B10DD8F68D740FCB" box="[1047,1119,1741,1761]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[802,847,150,164]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Number of blood samples from South American waterfowl detected as positive for Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites by country and species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
). Eight, five, and fourteen samples were identified as positive for
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAFFF87B15CD8D28C4B0FD7" box="[1094,1376,1769,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAFFF87B15CD8D28DFB0FD7" authorityName="Sambon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1094,1232,1769,1789]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Leucocytozoon" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">Leucocytozoon</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAFFF87B1C2D8D28C4B0FD7" box="[1240,1376,1769,1789]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Haemoproteus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">Haemoproteus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAFFF87B089D8D28A530E33" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAFFF87B089D8D28A530E33" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
parasites, respectively (
|
|
<tableCitation id="8D7B48A6FFAFFF87B192D93E8DFE0E33" box="[1160,1237,1797,1817]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[802,847,150,164]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Number of blood samples from South American waterfowl detected as positive for Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites by country and species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
). Of the 25 parasitepositive blood samples, 24 came from hosts collected at field sites in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B8EE3D8DFFAFFF87B621D9058A400E7B" box="[827,875,1854,1873]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|
, with only a single positive sample originating from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B8EE3D8DFFAFFF87B066D9068A610E47" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<tableCitation id="8D7B48A6FFAFFF87B643D9628A8A0E46" box="[857,929,1881,1901]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[802,847,150,164]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Number of blood samples from South American waterfowl detected as positive for Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites by country and species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
). Infections by
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAFFF87B15BD9628DEF0E47" box="[1089,1220,1881,1901]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">haematozoan</emphasis>
|
|
parasites were confined to only six of eleven waterfowl species screened, with the majority of infections identified in Torrent Ducks (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAFFF87B1E2D9AB8C930E8E" box="[1272,1464,1936,1956]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Merganetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAFFF87B1E2D9AB8C930E8E" box="[1272,1464,1936,1956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Merganetta armata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<tableCitation id="8D7B48A6FFAFFF87B638D9978A410EEA" box="[802,874,1964,1984]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[802,847,150,164]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Number of blood samples from South American waterfowl detected as positive for Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium parasites by country and species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="94862D95FFAFFF87B638DEAD8C9909F8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3" ID-Table-UUID="94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" startId="3.[113,158,150,164]" targetBox="[129,768,255,670]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF86B56BDEAD8986098E" blockId="3.[113,785,150,233]" box="[113,173,150,164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B56BDEAD8986098E" bold="true" box="[113,173,150,164]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Table 2</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF86B56BDE968B6909C3" blockId="3.[113,785,150,233]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
Haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B4FADE9788C10996" box="[480,490,172,188]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
|
|
haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl species and results of comparison to previously identified parasite lineages as listed on the MalAvi and GenBank databases.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF86B59BDEC48BFA0BB4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<table id="B2F98FBDFFAE007AB59BDEC48A2B0BB4" box="[129,768,255,670]" gridcols="4" gridrows="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDEC48A2B0809" box="[129,768,255,291]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDEC489FE0809" box="[129,213,255,291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haplotype</th>
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDEC488520809" box="[263,377,255,291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Host species</th>
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DEC48B6C0809" box="[426,583,255,291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">MalAvi/GenBank lineage</th>
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DEC48A2B0809" box="[632,768,255,291]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Identity score MalAvi/GenBank</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDF0C8A2B086D" box="[129,768,311,327]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDF0C89FE086D" box="[129,213,311,327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haem 1</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDF0C8852086D" box="[263,377,311,327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDF0C885B086D" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[263,368,311,327]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDF0C885B086D" box="[263,368,311,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DF0C8B6C086D" box="[426,583,311,327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Cygnus01/TUSW07</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DF0C8A2B086D" box="[632,768,311,327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">100%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDF758A2B0874" box="[129,768,334,350]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDF758A2B0874" box="[129,768,334,350]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDF75885D0874" authority="Haem" authorityName="Haem" box="[263,374,334,350]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Oxyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDF75885D0874" box="[263,374,334,350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O. jamaicensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDF5E8A2B085F" box="[129,768,357,373]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDF5E89FE085F" box="[129,213,357,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haem 2</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDF5E8852085F" box="[263,377,357,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDF5E885D085F" box="[263,374,357,373]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Oxyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDF5E885D085F" box="[263,374,357,373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O. jamaicensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DF5E8B6C085F" box="[426,583,357,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Cygnus01/TUSW07</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DF5E8A2B085F" box="[632,768,357,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">99%/99%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDF478A2B08A6" box="[129,768,380,396]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDF4789FE08A6" box="[129,213,380,396]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haem 3</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDF47885208A6" box="[263,377,380,396]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDF47887708A6" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[263,348,380,396]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="georgica">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDF47887708A6" box="[263,348,380,396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. georgica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DF478B6C08A6" box="[426,583,380,396]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Cygnus01/TUSW07</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DF478A2B08A6" box="[632,768,380,396]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">99%/99%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDFA88A2B0889" box="[129,768,403,419]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDFA889FE0889" box="[129,213,403,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leuc 1</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDFA888520889" box="[263,377,403,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDFA8885B0889" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[263,368,403,419]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDFA8885B0889" box="[263,368,403,419]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DFA88B6C0889" box="[426,583,403,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">TUSW04/TUSW04</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DFA88A2B0889" box="[632,768,403,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">100%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDF918A2B0890" box="[129,768,426,442]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDF918A2B0890" box="[129,768,426,442]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDF91885A0890" box="[263,369,426,442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDF9188460890" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[263,365,426,442]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavirostris">A. flavirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDFFA8A2B08FB" box="[129,768,449,465]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDFFA885208FB" box="[263,377,449,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDFFA885D08FB" box="[263,374,449,465]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Oxyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDFFA885D08FB" box="[263,374,449,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O. jamaicensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDFEC8A2B08CD" box="[129,768,471,487]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDFEC885208CD" box="[263,377,471,487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDFEC887C08CD" box="[263,343,471,487]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Merganetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDFEC887C08CD" box="[263,343,471,487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">M. armata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDFD58A2B08D4" box="[129,768,494,510]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDFD589FE08D4" box="[129,213,494,510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leuc 2</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDFD5885208D4" box="[263,377,494,510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDFD5885D08D4" box="[263,374,494,510]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Oxyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDFD5885D08D4" box="[263,374,494,510]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O. jamaicensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DFD58B6C08D4" box="[426,583,494,510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">HELLI02/NOPI04</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DFD58A2B08D4" box="[632,768,494,510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">97%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDC3E8A2B0B3F" box="[129,768,517,533]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDC3E89FE0B3F" box="[129,213,517,533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leuc 3</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDC3E88520B3F" box="[263,377,517,533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDC3E885D0B3F" box="[263,374,517,533]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Oxyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jamaicensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDC3E885D0B3F" box="[263,374,517,533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O. jamaicensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DC3E8B6C0B3F" box="[426,583,517,533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">HELLI02/NOPI04</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DC3E8A2B0B3F" box="[632,768,517,533]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">96%/98%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDC278A2B0B06" box="[129,768,540,556]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDC2789FE0B06" box="[129,213,540,556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leuc 4</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDC2788520B06" box="[263,377,540,556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDC27885B0B06" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[263,368,540,556]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDC27885B0B06" box="[263,368,540,556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DC278B6C0B06" box="[426,583,540,556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">TUSW05/TUSW05</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DC278A2B0B06" box="[632,768,540,556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">100%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDC088A2B0B69" box="[129,768,563,579]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDC0889FE0B69" box="[129,213,563,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plas 1</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDC0888520B69" box="[263,377,563,579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDC08885B0B69" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[263,368,563,579]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanoptera">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDC08885B0B69" box="[263,368,563,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">A. cyanoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DC088B6C0B69" box="[426,583,563,579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">BT7</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DC088A2B0B69" box="[632,768,563,579]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">99%/99%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDC718A2B0B70" box="[129,768,586,602]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDC7189FE0B70" box="[129,213,586,602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plas 2</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDC7188520B70" box="[263,377,586,602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDC71887C0B70" box="[263,343,586,602]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Merganetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDC71887C0B70" box="[263,343,586,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">M. armata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DC718B6C0B70" box="[426,583,586,602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">MILANS05</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DC718A2B0B70" box="[632,768,586,602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">100%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDC5A8A2B0B5B" box="[129,768,609,625]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDC5A89FE0B5B" box="[129,213,609,625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plas 3</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDC5A88520B5B" box="[263,377,609,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDC5A887C0B5B" box="[263,343,609,625]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Merganetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDC5A887C0B5B" box="[263,343,609,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">M. armata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DC5A8B6C0B5B" box="[426,583,609,625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">TFUS05</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DC5A8A2B0B5B" box="[632,768,609,625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">100%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDC438A2B0BA2" box="[129,768,632,648]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDC4389FE0BA2" box="[129,213,632,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plas 4</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDC4388520BA2" box="[263,377,632,648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDC43887B0BA2" box="[263,336,632,648]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Dendrocygna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDC43887B0BA2" box="[263,336,632,648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">D. bicolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DC438B6C0BA2" box="[426,583,632,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">PESA01</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DC438A2B0BA2" box="[632,768,632,648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">100%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="7EC97F5FFFAE007AB59BDCB58A2B0BB4" box="[129,768,654,670]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<th id="3D181623FFAE007AB59BDCB589FE0BB4" box="[129,213,654,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plas 5</th>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB41DDCB588520BB4" box="[263,377,654,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B41DDCB5887C0BB4" box="[263,343,654,670]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Merganetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B41DDCB5887C0BB4" box="[263,343,654,670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">M. armata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB4B0DCB58B6C0BB4" box="[426,583,654,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">PADOM11</td>
|
|
<td id="3D181623FFAE007AB762DCB58A2B0BB4" box="[632,768,654,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">100%/100%</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF86B56BDCD788750A2A" blockId="3.[113,350,748,768]" box="[113,350,748,768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<heading id="9B0ECA71FFAEFF86B56BDCD788750A2A" box="[113,350,748,768]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B56BDCD788750A2A" box="[113,350,748,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">3.2. Haplotype diversity</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF86B58BDD1F88E50D65" blockId="3.[113,785,804,1103]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
Analysis of haematozoa mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B771DD1F8B5C0A12" box="[619,631,804,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
|
|
sequences revealed a total of twelve unique haplotypes among South American waterfowl samples (
|
|
<tableCitation id="8D7B48A6FFAEFF86B45BDD6088A20A45" box="[321,393,859,879]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[113,158,150,164]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 2 Haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl species and results of comparison to previously identified parasite lineages as listed on the MalAvi and GenBank databases." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<figureCitation id="58C26198FFAEFF86B48DDD6088E70A45" box="[407,460,859,879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,140,1900,1914]" captionTargetBox="[346,1274,1170,1865]" captionTargetId="graphics-581@3.[380,1256,1190,1840]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl. Shaded circles represent unsampled nodes. All circles are drawn proportional to the frequency at which haplotypes were observed. Lines separating nodes are drawn to scale based on the number of nucleotide mutations, unless otherwise indicated by hash marks. Only haplotypes with a length of 358 bp or greater were included. Haplotype name abbreviations are as follows: Haem = Haemoproteus, Leuc = Leucocytozoon, and Plas = Plasmodium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10933866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10933866/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
). Haplotypes were identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B56BDD4C89CC0AA1" box="[113,231,887,907]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B56BDD4C89CC0AA1" box="[113,231,887,907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(n = 5),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B42CDD4C88E90AA1" authorityName="Sambon" authorityYear="1908" box="[310,450,887,907]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Leucocytozoon" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B42CDD4C88E90AA1" box="[310,450,887,907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leucocytozoon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(n = 4), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B726DD4C8BEC0AA1" box="[572,711,887,907]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Haemoproteus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B726DD4C8BEC0AA1" box="[572,711,887,907]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haemoproteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(n = 3). Only three of the twelve haplotypes detected in our samples occurred in multiple individuals (Haem 1, Plas 3, and Leuc 1;
|
|
<figureCitation id="58C26198FFAEFF86B7D4DD948A280AE9" box="[718,771,943,963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,140,1900,1914]" captionTargetBox="[346,1274,1170,1865]" captionTargetId="graphics-581@3.[380,1256,1190,1840]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl. Shaded circles represent unsampled nodes. All circles are drawn proportional to the frequency at which haplotypes were observed. Lines separating nodes are drawn to scale based on the number of nucleotide mutations, unless otherwise indicated by hash marks. Only haplotypes with a length of 358 bp or greater were included. Haplotype name abbreviations are as follows: Haem = Haemoproteus, Leuc = Leucocytozoon, and Plas = Plasmodium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10933866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10933866/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B56BDDF089D40AF5" box="[113,255,971,991]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Haemoproteus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B56BDDF089D40AF5" box="[113,255,971,991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haemoproteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotype Haem 1 was identified from two birds of separate species, while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B47BDDDC88F20AD1" box="[353,473,999,1019]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B47BDDDC88F20AD1" box="[353,473,999,1019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotype Plas 3 was found in six different individuals, all of which were Torrent Ducks.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B56BDA24882B0D19" authorityName="Sambon" authorityYear="1908" box="[113,256,1055,1075]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Leucocytozoon" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B56BDA24882B0D19" box="[113,256,1055,1075]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leucocytozoon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotype Leuc 1 was observed in five different individuals of four species (
|
|
<tableCitation id="8D7B48A6FFAEFF86B463DA0088EA0D65" box="[377,449,1083,1103]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[113,158,150,164]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 2 Haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl species and results of comparison to previously identified parasite lineages as listed on the MalAvi and GenBank databases." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF86B67BDEAF8A940AB0" blockId="3.[833,1505,148,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
Eight haplotypes detected in our samples from South American waterfowl were identical to parasite lineages reported on the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B8EE3D8DFFAEFF86B65BDEF78AA309CA" box="[833,904,204,224]" name="Malawi" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">MalAvi</collectingCountry>
|
|
and GenBank databases.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B18ADEF78C3409CA" authorityName="Sambon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1168,1311,204,224]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Leucocytozoon" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B18ADEF78C3409CA" box="[1168,1311,204,224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leucocytozoon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotypes Leuc 1 and Leuc 4 were identical to lineages TUSW04 and TUSW05 respectively, which were detected in Alaska Tundra Swans and California Northern Pintails (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B142DF1A8C20081E" author="Ramey, A. M. & Ely, C. R. & Schmutz, J. A. & Pearce, J. M. & Heard, D. J." box="[1112,1291,288,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="45789" refId="ref7867" refString="Ramey, A. M., Ely, C. R., Schmutz, J. A., Pearce, J. M., Heard, D. J., 2012. Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in Tundra Swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds. PLoS ONE 7, e 45789." type="journal article" year="2012">Ramey et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B009DF1A8C6F081E" author="Ramey, A. M. & Fleskes, J. P. & Schmutz, J. A. & Yabsley, M. J." box="[1299,1348,289,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="102 - 109" refId="ref7930" refString="Ramey, A. M., Fleskes, J. P., Schmutz, J. A., Yabsley, M. J., 2013. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int. J. Parasitol. 2, 102 - 109." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<tableCitation id="8D7B48A6FFAEFF86B04BDF1B8CBE081E" box="[1361,1429,288,308]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[113,158,150,164]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 2 Haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl species and results of comparison to previously identified parasite lineages as listed on the MalAvi and GenBank databases." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="94862D95FFAEFF86B56BDEAD8B6909C3">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
). South American haplotype Leuc 2 was identical to lineage NOPI04 detected in Northern Pintails (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B146DF638DEC0846" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1116,1223,344,364]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B146DF638DEC0846" box="[1116,1223,344,364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Anas acuta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in California (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B045DF628A5808A2" author="Ramey, A. M. & Fleskes, J. P. & Schmutz, J. A. & Yabsley, M. J." pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="102 - 109" refId="ref7930" refString="Ramey, A. M., Fleskes, J. P., Schmutz, J. A., Yabsley, M. J., 2013. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int. J. Parasitol. 2, 102 - 109." type="journal article" year="2013">Ramey et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B69FDF4F8D3B08A2" box="[901,1040,372,392]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Haemoproteus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B69FDF4F8D3B08A2" box="[901,1040,372,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haemoproteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
haplotype Haem 1 was identical to CYGNUS01, which has been previously identified in Tundra Swans in Minnesota and Alaska, Northern Pintails in California, as well as a Mallard (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B650DFF38D2608F6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[842,1037,456,476]" class="Aves" family="Anatidae" genus="Anas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anseriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyrhynchos">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B650DFF38D2608F6" box="[842,1037,456,476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Anas platyrhynchos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) from Minnesota (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B1CEDFF38CF708F6" author="Ricklefs, R. E. & Fallon, S. M." box="[1236,1500,456,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="885 - 892" refId="ref7997" refString="Ricklefs, R. E., Fallon, S. M., 2002. Diversification and host switching in avian malaria parasites. Proc. Biol. Sci. 269, 885 - 892." type="journal article" year="2002">Ricklefs and Fallon, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B65BDFDE8AD408DD" author="Ramey, A. M. & Ely, C. R. & Schmutz, J. A. & Pearce, J. M. & Heard, D. J." box="[833,1023,484,504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="45789" refId="ref7867" refString="Ramey, A. M., Ely, C. R., Schmutz, J. A., Pearce, J. M., Heard, D. J., 2012. Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in Tundra Swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds. PLoS ONE 7, e 45789." type="journal article" year="2012">Ramey et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B113DFDF8D1708DD" author="Ramey, A. M. & Fleskes, J. P. & Schmutz, J. A. & Yabsley, M. J." box="[1033,1084,484,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="102 - 109" refId="ref7930" refString="Ramey, A. M., Fleskes, J. P., Schmutz, J. A., Yabsley, M. J., 2013. Evaluation of blood and muscle tissues for molecular detection and characterization of hematozoa infections in northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in California. Int. J. Parasitol. 2, 102 - 109." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Four
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B19FDFDF8DD608D2" box="[1157,1277,484,504]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B19FDFDF8DD608D2" box="[1157,1277,484,504]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B0CEDFDF8CCB08D2" box="[1492,1504,484,504]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
|
|
haplotypes from our samples, Plas 2, Plas 3, Plas 4, and Plas 5, were identical to MILANS05, TFUS05, PESA01, and PADOM11 lineages, respectively. MILANS05 was documented infecting Black Kites (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B0BADC038ABB0B4D" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1783" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Milvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="migrans">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B0BADC038ABB0B4D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Milvus migrans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in Europe (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B10BDC688C1B0B4D" author="Perez-Rodriguez, A. & de la Puente, J. & Onrubia, A. & Perez-Tris, J." box="[1041,1328,595,615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="381 - 387" refId="ref7771" refString="Perez-Rodriguez, A., de la Puente, J., Onrubia, A., Perez-Tris, J., 2013. Molecular characterization of haemosporidian parasites from kites of the genus Milvus (Aves: Accipitridae). Int. J. Parasitol. 43, 381 - 387." type="journal article" year="2013">Pérez-Rodríguez et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), as well as Ruffs (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B653DC548D200BA9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[841,1035,623,643]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Philomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pugnax">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B653DC548D200BA9" box="[841,1035,623,643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Philomachus pugnax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in Africa (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B16DDC548C1F0BA9" author="Mendes, L. & Pardal, S. & Morais, J. & Antunes, S. & Ramos, J. A. & Perez-Tris, J." box="[1143,1332,623,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="2037 - 2043" refId="ref7633" refString="Mendes, L., Pardal, S., Morais, J., Antunes, S., Ramos, J. A., Perez-Tris, J., et al., 2013. Hidden haemosporidian infections in Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) staging in Northwest Europe en route from Africa to Arctic Europe. Parasitol. Res. 112, 2037 - 2043." type="journal article" year="2013">Mendes et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Lineage TFUS05 was detected infecting Great Thrushes (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B1FADCB08C520BB5" authorityName="Orbigny & Lafresnaye" authorityYear="1837" box="[1248,1401,651,671]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscater">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B1FADCB08C520BB5" box="[1248,1401,651,671]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Turdus fuscater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in South America (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B6BCDC938D780B91" author="Lotta, I. A. & Matta, N. E. & Torres, R. D. & Sandino, M. M. - D. & Moncada, L. I." box="[934,1107,679,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="359 - 362" refId="ref7251" refString="Lotta, I. A., Matta, N. E., Torres, R. D., Sandino, M. M. - D., Moncada, L. I., 2013. Leucocytozoon fringillinarum and Leucocytozoon dubreuili in Turdus fuscater from a Colombian Paramo Ecosystem. J. Parasitol. 99, 359 - 362." type="journal article" year="2013">Lotta et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). PESA01 was observed in three separate host species: a Pectoral Sandpiper (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B1C1DCF88CA40BFD" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[1243,1423,707,727]" class="Aves" family="Scolopacidae" genus="Calidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotos">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B1C1DCF88CA40BFD" box="[1243,1423,707,727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Calidris melanotos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) on the Arctic coast of Alaska (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B13FDCE48DD10BD9" author="Yohannes, E. & Krizanauskiene, A. & Valcu, M. & Bensch, S. & Kempenaers, B." box="[1061,1274,735,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="287 - 291" refId="ref8294" refString="Yohannes, E., Krizanauskiene, A., Valcu, M., Bensch, S., Kempenaers, B., 2008. Prevalence of malaria and related haemosporidian parasites in two shorebird species with different winter habitat distribution. J. Ornithol. 150, 287 - 291." type="journal article" year="2008">Yohannes et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), a White-tipped Dove (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B650DCC08D2A0A25" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[842,1025,763,783]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Leptotila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verreauxi">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B650DCC08D2A0A25" box="[842,1025,763,783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leptotila verreauxi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B8EE3D8DFFAEFF86B137DCC78DAF0A25" box="[1069,1156,764,783]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and a Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B650DD2C8D260A01" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[842,1037,791,811]" class="Aves" family="Tyrannidae" genus="Phaeomyias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B650DD2C8D260A01" box="[842,1037,791,811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Phaeomyias murina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="B8EE3D8DFFAEFF86B12DDD2C8D5A0A01" box="[1079,1137,791,811]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B19ADD238C670A01" author="Durrant, K. L. & Beadell, J. S. & Ishtiaq, F. & Graves, G. R. & Olson, S. L. & Gering, E." box="[1152,1356,791,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="98 - 111" refId="ref6610" refString="Durrant, K. L., Beadell, J. S., Ishtiaq, F., Graves, G. R., Olson, S. L., Gering, E., et al., 2006. Avian hematozoa in South America: a comparison of temperate and tropical zones. Ornithol. Monogr. 60, 98 - 111." type="journal article" year="2006">Durrant et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B04DDD238A5F0A6D" author="Lacorte, G. A. & Felix, G. M. F. & Pinheiro, R. R. B. & Chaves, A. V. & Almeida-Neto, G. & Neves, F. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="57770" refId="ref7091" refString="Lacorte, G. A., Felix, G. M. F., Pinheiro, R. R. B., Chaves, A. V., Almeida-Neto, G., Neves, F. S., et al., 2013. Exploring the diversity and distribution of neotropical avian malaria parasites - a molecular survey from southeast Brazil. PLoS ONE 8, e 57770." type="journal article" year="2013">Lacorte et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Lastly, the lineage PADOM11 is a common lineage of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B0AADD088ABD0A49" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B0AADD088ABD0A49" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, documented infecting over 20 host species in North America, South America, and Asia (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B1ADDD578C5F0A55" author="Durrant, K. L. & Beadell, J. S. & Ishtiaq, F. & Graves, G. R. & Olson, S. L. & Gering, E." box="[1207,1396,875,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="98 - 111" refId="ref6610" refString="Durrant, K. L., Beadell, J. S., Ishtiaq, F., Graves, G. R., Olson, S. L., Gering, E., et al., 2006. Avian hematozoa in South America: a comparison of temperate and tropical zones. Ornithol. Monogr. 60, 98 - 111." type="journal article" year="2006">Durrant et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A46800ECFFAEFF86B066DD508A990AB1" author="Martinsen, E. S. & Waite, J. L. & Schall, J. J." pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="483 - 490" refId="ref7389" refString="Martinsen, E. S., Waite, J. L., Schall, J. J., 2006. Morphologically defined subgenera of Plasmodium from avian hosts: test of monophyly by phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial genes. Parasitology 134, 483 - 490." type="journal article" year="2006">Martinsen et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="88E32E96FFAEFF81B65BDDF08B450FA7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF86B65BDDF08D140AF5" blockId="3.[833,1087,971,991]" box="[833,1087,971,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
<heading id="9B0ECA71FFAEFF86B65BDDF08D140AF5" box="[833,1087,971,991]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B65BDDF08D140AF5" box="[833,1087,971,991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">3.3. Phylogenetic analysis</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C0467D1DFFAEFF81B67BDA388B450FA7" blockId="3.[833,1504,1027,1103]" lastBlockId="4.[82,753,1434,1677]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
|
Phylogenetic analysis supported structuring of avian parasite mtDNA haplotypes by genera. For
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B18DDA248C080D19" box="[1175,1315,1055,1075]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Haemoproteus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B18DDA248C080D19" box="[1175,1315,1055,1075]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Haemoproteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFAEFF86B049DA248CCB0D19" authorityName="Sambon" authorityYear="1908" box="[1363,1504,1055,1075]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Leucocytozoon" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFAEFF86B049DA248CCB0D19" box="[1363,1504,1055,1075]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Leucocytozoon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
parasites, phylogenetic analysis provided strong support for clades comprised of lineages originating from waterfowl sampled in both North and South America, and other clades comprised entirely of parasite mtDNA sequences originating from passerines sampled in South America (
|
|
<figureCitation id="58C26198FFA9FF81B41FDBD688150F2B" box="[261,318,1517,1537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[82,109,1248,1262]" captionTargetBox="[82,1475,149,1214]" captionTargetId="graphics-361@4.[82,1475,149,1164]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes obtained from infected waterfowl. Trees were rooted with mammalian Plasmodium outgroups. Node tips are labeled with parasite genus (Haem = Haemoproteus, Leuc = Leucocytozoon, and Plas = Plasmodium), followed by the lineage name, GenBank accession number for each sequence, host order (passerine/waterfowl), and the country/state from which the samples were collected. All haplotypes identified in this study are highlighted in red. Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities from the analysis. Asterisks after node tip labels indicate sequences from our study that were identical to lineages previously found in non-waterfowl hosts. All reference sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information website." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10933868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10933868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
). Sub-structuring of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFA9FF81B733DBD68B940F2B" box="[553,703,1517,1537]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Haemoproteus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFA9FF81B733DBD68B940F2B" box="[553,703,1517,1537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Haemoproteus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFA9FF81B548D83289CD0F37" authorityName="Sambon" authorityYear="1908" box="[82,230,1545,1565]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Leucocytozoon" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFA9FF81B548D83289CD0F37" box="[82,230,1545,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Leucocytozoon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
clades by continent of origin was not well supported for lineages detected in waterfowl. Avian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFA9FF81B732D81E8BB70F13" box="[552,668,1573,1593]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFA9FF81B732D81E8BB70F13" box="[552,668,1573,1593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lineages clustered into two groups of closely related sequences. Both groups of closely related
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07F9069EFFA9FF81B41CD86688550F5B" box="[262,382,1629,1649]" family="Plasmodiidae" genus="Plasmodium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="F28DA10FFFA9FF81B41CD86688550F5B" box="[262,382,1629,1649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Plasmodium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lineages contained sequences originating from both North America and South America.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |