186 lines
18 KiB
XML
186 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f04c1841-68d9-4721-a182-fee61c6c985f" ID-PMC="PMC5523201" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-674-1" ID-PubMed="28824280" ID-ZBK="6B58CAA7036A4F078AA4DA14BFA99D83" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-674-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 674" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" checkinTime="1555320290349" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tauber, Catherine A., Sosa, Francisco, Albuquerque, Gilberto S. & Tauber, Maurice J." docDate="2017" docId="481D4BE2614018B0AB6C6D281C43A73F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 674: 1-188" docOrigin="ZooKeys 674" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435" docTitle="Ungla pennyi Tauber, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="7B1D6459-1AF5-44C5-9C97-80A3B8DB3DDB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="E951072F3D22FF9CFFEEFFBC201DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1668164468180" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tauber, Catherine A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sosa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Albuquerque, Gilberto S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tauber, Maurice J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>674</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>188</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-674-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">6B58CAA7036A4F078AA4DA14BFA99D83</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6B58CAA7036A4F078AA4DA14BFA99D83</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156200997" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7B1D6459-1AF5-44C5-9C97-80A3B8DB3DDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/481D4BE2614018B0AB6C6D281C43A73F" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/7B1D6459-1AF5-44C5-9C97-80A3B8DB3DDB" authority="Tauber" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">Ungla</pageBreakToken>
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pennyi Tauber
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="58" pageNumber="59">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 73, 74, 75, 76, 144d
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">(Figs 74-76, 144d). FSCA, male. Costa Rica, Cartago Province, Tuis, 16-29.vii.1987, H. L. Dozier.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 73.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Ungla pennyi</taxonomicName>
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Tauber, sp. n. External features, (a) head, frontal (b) head, prothorax, dorsal (c) head, thorax, dorsal (d) head, lateral (e) head, ventral (f) abdomen, dorsal (g) body, lateral (Costa Rica, Puntarenas, paratype, female, CAS).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 74.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Ungla pennyi</taxonomicName>
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Tauber, sp. n. Wings, (a) venation emphasized (b) coloration of veins emphasized (Costa Rica, Cartago, holotype, male, FSCA).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 75.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Ungla pennyi</taxonomicName>
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Tauber, sp. n. Male abdomen, (a) segments A7-terminus, lateral (b) segments A8-terminus, lateral (c) segments A8, T9+ectoproct, dorsal (d) sternite 8+9, ventral (e) T9+ectoproct, lateral. c.c. callus cerci inv invaginated dorsal cleft in T9+ectoproct pr triangular process sp spiracle S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T7 seventh tergite T9+e ninth tergite + ectoproct (Costa Rica, Cartago, holotype, FSCA).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 76.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Ungla pennyi</taxonomicName>
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Tauber, sp. n. Male genitalia, (a) gonarcal complex, dorsal, with gonosaccus fully expanded (b) gonarcus, dorsal [Note internal structure of mediuncus.] (c) gonarcus, lateral (d) gonarcus, frontal, with mediuncus, gonosaccus obscured, position of left gonarcal apodeme slighltly distorted (e) gonarcus, frontal, with mediuncus, gonosaccus visible (f, g) inner, opposing (spiny) surfaces of gonosaccus lobes [Arrows indicate spines on surface of lobes.]. gsac gonosaccus g.ap. gonarcal apodeme g.br. gonarcal bridge mu mediuncus pr unarticulated process on frontal margin of gonarcal apodeme s.p. setose subanal plate (Costa Rica, Cartago, holotype, FSCA).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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The species is named for Norman D. Penny of the California Academy of Sciences, who died during the preparation of this revision. Norm was a world-renown Neuropterist and valued colleague. We (CAT) had some disagreements with Norm, but our shared attachment to the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
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stimulated us to overcome our differences. His work, especially on the Costa Rican and Amazonian chrysopids, has been very useful in this and our other studies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Ungla pennyi</taxonomicName>
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is one of three
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ungla</taxonomicName>
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species reported from an area north of South America; the other two species are
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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from Puntarenas, Costa Rica, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. mexicana" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="mexicana">U. mexicana</taxonomicName>
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, sp. n., described above, from Chiapas, Mexico.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Ungla pennyi</taxonomicName>
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differs from these two species in its smaller size (forewing length = 10.9 mm, vs 13.1-14.1 mm for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. mexicana" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="mexicana">U. mexicana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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), and cream-colored, unmarked palpi. Also, in contrast to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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, the male
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pennyi" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="pennyi">U. pennyi</taxonomicName>
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has enlarged abdominal spiracles. [The male of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. mexicana" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="mexicana">U. mexicana</taxonomicName>
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is unknown.].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pennyi" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="pennyi">U. pennyi</taxonomicName>
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holotype closely resembles specimens of the Venezuelan species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. curimaguensis" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="curimaguensis">U. curimaguensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. martinsi" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="martinsi">U. martinsi</taxonomicName>
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, in size and especially in the male abdominal and genital characteristics. Thus, it is possible that our specimen represents a differentiated population of one of these two species. However, it lacks the dark genal marks and marked maxillary and labial palpi of both species, and the largely green forewing venation of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. curimaguensis" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="curimaguensis">U. curimaguensis</taxonomicName>
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. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. curimaguensis" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="curimaguensis">U. curimaguensis</taxonomicName>
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, the C-Sc crossveins, R-Rs crossveins and the transverse branches from the Rs are entirely green, whereas in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pennyi" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="pennyi">U. pennyi</taxonomicName>
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and in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. martinsi" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="martinsi">U. martinsi</taxonomicName>
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they are dark brown with surrounding membrane suffused with brown coloration. At this time, we consider that the set of features expressed by the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="U. pennyi" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="pennyi">U. pennyi</taxonomicName>
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specimen indicate species-level differentiation; we await confirmation or correction of our opinion when additional specimens from Central America become available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Head badly discolored, probably cream-colored with red markings; vertex smooth anteriorly, shiny, with a pair of red spots in place of U-shaped marking, pair of larger red marks around posterolateral margin of raised vertex; dorsal fossae either pale or reddish; no apparent markings between antennae; frons with hint of mesal red spot below each antenna; reddish marking(s) near front of frons; gena without visible coloration; clypeus, labrum without marks. Antenna: dorsal surface of scape with broad red longitudinal stripe laterally, frontal surface with indistinct dark markings mesally; pedicel, flagellum pale, with pale setae basally, darker setae distally; maxillary, labial palpi pale, without discernible marks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Thorax without distinct coloration or marks; prothorax short, with pale setae; mesothorax perhaps with pair of dark spots on frontal surface of scutum. Legs pale, unmarked, with pale setae. Measurements: head width: 1.3 mm; ratio head width: eye width: 2.4: 1; prothorax width: 0.9 mm, length: 0.5 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Forewing rounded apically; hindwing slightly acute, both with venation robust; membrane mostly clear, dull; stigma opaque, brownish, with three faint subcostal crossveins, basal one with brown suffusion. Forewing: 10.9 mm long, 3.7 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 3.0: 1); Rs fairly straight; first intramedian cell ovate; basal inner gradate meeting Psm; height of tallest costal cell 0.6 mm (cell number 5); width of first intramedian cell 0.7 mm; 10 radial cells (closed cells between R and Rs); third gradate cell 1.1 mm long, 0.4 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 2.9: 1); fourth gradate cell absent; 4 Banksian cells (b cells), 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
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cells; 3 inner gradates, 5 outer gradates. Forewing veins discolored with age, but probably green (pale) and brown; dark brown veins usually with surrounding membrane suffused with brown; longitudinal veins pale; distal, basal C-Sc crossveins pale, mesal C-Sc crossveins either dark brown or brown near Sc; R-Rs crossveins dark brown to brown; transverse branches from Rs surrounding b cells entirely brown or brown only near Psm; distal transverse branches light brown near Rs, paler distally; veins between Psm-Psc brown or marked with brown; base of Rs, gradate veins, basal intracubital crossvein dark. Hindwing 9.7 mm long, 2.9 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 3.3: 1), 10 radial cells, 3 Banksian (b) cells, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
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cells, 3 inner gradates, 5 outer gradates; venation entirely pale (probably light green).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Male. Abdomen with very large spiracles (e.g., A7: spiracle diameter ~0.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of sternite); subanal plate small, with ~4 setae; T9+ectoproct long (~0.7 length of T7),
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<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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dorsal invagination deep (~0.6x dorsal length of T9+ect), margins of invagination almost straight, base acute; dorsal margin of T9+ect rounded, convex, curving downward, melding into rounded distal margin; posterior margin of ectoproct rounded, protruding, basal knob blunt, curving inward; ventral margin of T9+ect straight, with narrow apodeme extending along entire length, apodeme forming triangular process distally, extending posteriorly as short rod; posterior margin of T9+ect straight; callus cerci large, ovate, margin sclerotized throughout, but not darkened; sclerotization
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<pageBreakToken pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">appearing</pageBreakToken>
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contiguous with that on ventral margin of ectoproct. S8+9 fused, with line of fusion not perceptible; dorsum tapering slightly anteriorly, forming concave depression at about 3/4th distance to tip; distal one forth rounded, forming concave platform; terminus blunt (lateral view), extending distally well beyond T9+ect; most terminal setae long, simple, a few along upper lateral edge of S8+9 with small flanges. Gonarcus
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<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">arcuate</pageBreakToken>
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, U-shaped, with bridge robust, curved throughout, arms elongate, extending ventrobasally from gonarcal bridge, rounded distally, mesal section with short digitiform process extending posteromesally; mediuncus partially rounded, long, curving
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<pageBreakToken pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="start">downward</pageBreakToken>
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from top of bridge, ending in blunt knob, internally with pair of adjacent sclerotized rods, broad basally, tapering mesally, then fusing distally; gonosaccus bilobed, each lobe with large maleable patch of large gonosetae arising from enlarged setal bases, facing outward (everted), more flexible inner membrane with large, dense patch of spines, facing inward; hypandrium internum V-shaped, with rounded apex, small comes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Known distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">COSTA RICA: Provinces of Cartago, Puntarenas.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Specimens examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">(in addition to holotype above). Puntarenas, Costa Rica: Finca Las Cruses near San Vito, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica 1800m elev. 13.III.69 at black light, J. Sheldon #1969-140 (paratype, F, CAS).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |