167 lines
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167 lines
14 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365" ID-GBIF-Dataset="447d0c45-35c7-4aaa-b3b3-acbf7069da06" ID-PMC="PMC7082394" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-142-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" ID-PubMed="32210671" ModsDocID="1314-2003-142-1" checkinTime="1584104974826" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Klopper, Ronell R., Crouch, Neil R., Smith, Gideon F. & van Wyk, Abraham E." docDate="2020" docId="47DC33884C3C5375947CE5DF4937553D" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 142: 1-88" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 142" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365" docTitle="Aloe arborescens Mill. (including A. arborescens subsp. mzimnyati Van Jaarsv. & A. E. van Wyk" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" masterDocTitle="A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139702755" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopper, Ronell R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crouch, Neil R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Gideon F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Wyk, Abraham E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>142</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-142-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162487032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:47DC33884C3C5375947CE5DF4937553D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47DC33884C3C5375947CE5DF4937553D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="47DC3388-4C3C-5375-947C-E5DF4937553D" authority="Mill. (including A. arborescens subsp. mzimnyati Van Jaarsv. & A. E. van Wyk)" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe arborescens" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Aloe arborescens Mill. (including A. arborescens subsp. mzimnyati Van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krantz aloe (English); kransaalwyn (Afrikaans); inhlaba-encane, inhlazi, inkalane, inkalane-encane, umhlabana (Zulu).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Much-branched shrub, 2-5 m high.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stems</emphasis>
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erect, with persistent dried leaves.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
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densely rosulate at branch apices, spreading-recurved, dull green to grey-green, tinged reddish in dry conditions, without spots, texture smooth, lanceolate-attenuate, 40-60 cm long, 5-7 cm wide at base; margin with firm, pale teeth, 3-5 mm long, 5-20 mm apart at mid-leaf; exudate pale yellow.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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0.6-0.8 m high, erect, usually simple, occasionally with 1 or 2 short branches.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Racemes</emphasis>
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conical to conical-cylindrical, 20-30 cm long, dense.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Floral bracts</emphasis>
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15-20 mm long, 10-12 mm wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pedicels</emphasis>
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35-40 mm long.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">perianth</emphasis>
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scarlet, often pink turning yellow at anthesis or occasionally yellow,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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40 mm long, 7 mm across ovary, narrowed above ovary, widening to middle, narrowing slightly towards mouth, cylindrical-trigonous; outer segments free to base;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stamens</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">style</emphasis>
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exserted to 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="flowering time">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering time.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(February) June-July (August).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Usually in pockets of rich soil on krantz edges, rocky slopes and outcrops in areas of high summer rainfall, sometimes in dense bush.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe arborescens" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe arborescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a much-branched shrub up to 5 m high, with stems rather robust (not thin and slender as in
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloiampelos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloiampelos tenuior" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuior">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloiampelos tenuior</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and leaves in dense rosettes at the branch apices. Leaves are greyish-green with pale yellow teeth. Inflorescences are usually simple with elongated conical racemes that are densely flowered. Floral bracts are large (15-20 mm long) with the pedicels twice as long (35-40 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Least Concern (
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<bibRefCitation author="Raimondo, D" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B37" refString="Raimondo, D, Von Staden, L, Foden, W, Victor, JE, Helme, NA, Turner, RC, Kamundi, DA, Manyama, PA, 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." title="Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." year="2009">Raimondo et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The krantz aloe is very widely distributed in south-eastern Africa and has the third widest distribution range of all
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. It occurs from the Cape Peninsula (where it has arguably become naturalised), along the south and east coast of South Africa, through the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal and inland to Mpumalanga and Limpopo, just entering the eastern Free State, as well as further north to Mozambique and the eastern mountains of Zimbabwe and Malawi (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Aloe arborescens. Photo: G. Nichols." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388232" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
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). A robust form of the species has become naturalised along the European Mediterranean coast (see, for example,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n27.2009.a4" author="Smith, GF" journalOrPublisher="Bradleya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="165 - 167" refId="B42" refString="Smith, GF, Figueiredo, E, 2009. Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae) is spreading in Portugal. Bradleya 27: 165 - 167, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n27.2009.a4" title="Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae) is spreading in Portugal." url="https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n27.2009.a4" volume="27" year="2009">Smith and Figueiredo 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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In the past, several variations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. arborescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arborescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. arborescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been afforded formal status at subspecific or varietal ranks, the most recent being
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. arborescens subsp. mzimnyati" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="arborescens" subSpecies="mzimnyati">A. arborescens subsp. mzimnyati</taxonomicName>
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Van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk, which is endemic to the lower Mzimnyati River (Buffalo River) in KwaZulu-Natal. This subspecies is distinguished by its smaller growth habit (forming a shrub of 0.50-0.75 m high), its smaller, slightly clavate flowers (22-25 mm long) that vary in colour (orange-red to orange to yellow) within the same population and its slightly later flowering time (July-August) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Jaarsveld, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Aloe" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="40 - 42" refId="B53" refString="Van Jaarsveld, EJ, Van Wyk, AE, 2005. A new subspecies of Aloe arborescens from the Mzimnyati River, KwaZulu-Natal. Aloe 42: 40 - 42" title="A new subspecies of Aloe arborescens from the Mzimnyati River, KwaZulu-Natal." volume="42" year="2005">Van Jaarsveld and Van Wyk 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). We here follow the view of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n30.2012.a15" author="Smith, GF" journalOrPublisher="Bradleya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="127 - 137" refId="B47" refString="Smith, GF, Klopper, RR, Figueiredo, E, Crouch, NR, 2012. Aspects of the taxonomy of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). Bradleya 30: 127 - 137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n30.2012.a15" title="Aspects of the taxonomy of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.25223/brad.n30.2012.a15" volume="30" year="2012">Smith et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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, who concluded that it is better to regard
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. arborescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="arborescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. arborescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a single variable species, pending further research and, therefore, include
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. arborescens subsp. mzimnyati" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="arborescens" subSpecies="mzimnyati">A. arborescens subsp. mzimnyati</taxonomicName>
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in the synonymy of the species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388232" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe arborescens" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe arborescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Photo: G. Nichols.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |