306 lines
39 KiB
XML
306 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="FAD35A2EDA24A2F760248241291A6EE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1380.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071393" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625512768098" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Craig, Douglas A., Currie, Douglas C., Hunter, Fiona F. & Spironello, Mike" docDate="2006" docId="1C1B2B5DFFFCFFA38748FC834B35FC35" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01380p090.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1380 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1380.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Simulium (Hebridosimulium) supercilium Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="E0225325FFBBFFEA8640FFCF4935FFEB" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the southwestern Pacific subgenus Hebridosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium)" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1698990321105" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8E80779FDE75EBF5992E11F9119A405D">
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<mods:title id="C9071D4729029ACB848B5F5C2C958981">A taxonomic revision of the southwestern Pacific subgenus Hebridosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="59B7FF7E478E6E35B353A1573E708151" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AABFD27C4962DD19477BB686CD8181D7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="82479614DEE24F92076B5E0F3E02ADE9">Craig, Douglas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D1F3E73F45ECA5D378E2765E4B580DF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E77E116A09DDD99414CF50047B71F995">Currie, Douglas C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A82ECB6E2E42BE06EF1477983ABA1101">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="750BFCDA8D549F7A84DE7C0B3EF69E75">Hunter, Fiona F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1DC3CAA2B1F22CAAB629F6E33D967261">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E6C51AF1AE0659625685947C1260C520">Spironello, Mike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C75890849A424D84924CD755DD127277">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="890B0081B32A04EFC723869E07F57005">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F6F9B01C8836FB4C97B8B9AD921040A7">
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<mods:date id="2586516F1C48B9D77F1EB2E06BC4FE95">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D6CD5ADC1C8C4A5B8734A302F82BDFA0">2006-12-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8135F765C63924E96DF7CA7557015C23">1380</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="4B9DB9673B9E0A4C72B287EF17A44BF2">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1380.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="1C1B2B5DFFFCFFA38748FC834B35FC35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073404" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C1B2B5DFFFCFFA38748FC834B35FC35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C1B2B5DFFFCFFA38748FC834B35FC35" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="DCA8C9C0FFFCFFAD8748FC834A93FC8D" box="[264,934,844,870]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8748FC834A93FC8D" blockId="71.[264,934,844,905]" box="[264,934,844,870]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="CF452D27FFFCFFAD8748FC834A93FC8D" bold="true" box="[264,934,844,870]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8748FC834A93FC8D" bold="true" box="[264,934,844,870]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFFCFFAD8748FC834A69FC8D" ID-CoL="8DXMD" authority="Craig." authorityName="Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,860,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supercilium" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hebridosimulium">
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<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8748FC83484AFC8D" bold="true" box="[264,383,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD87D0FC834B50FC8D" bold="true" box="[400,613,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hebridosimulium</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8436FC834A30FC8D" bold="true" box="[630,773,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">supercilium</emphasis>
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Craig.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BDF5FB22FFFCFFAD8523FC834A93FC8D" box="[867,934,844,870]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DCA8C9C0FFFCFFAD8748FCA0487FFC33" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8748FCA04BEAFC62" blockId="71.[264,934,844,905]" box="[264,735,879,905]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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(
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<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD8751FCA048B4FC62" box="[273,385,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[264,367,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[264,1323,326,1507]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pupal gill filaments of Hebridosimulium species (continued). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071415/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 10d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD87CDFCA0488EFC62" box="[397,443,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[264,367,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,406,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-68@28.[265,1322,406,1750]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Left lateral views of Hebridosimulium species larvae. Last-instar larvae, except l & n, which are penultimate. Arrowheads indicate dorsal tubercles. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071417/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">11k</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD8787FCA048C1FC62" box="[455,500,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[264,367,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[264,1323,326,1375]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Dorsal views of larval heads of Hebridosimulium species. steatopygium species group. Last instars, except d & f, which are penultimate instars. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071423/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">14c</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD8440FCA04B19FC62" box="[512,556,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="32.[264,367,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1126,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-429@32.[264,1323,1126,1397]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 15. Left lateral views of larval heads of Hebridosimulium species. Left labral fan removed for clarity. Last instars except c, which is penultimate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071425/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">15c</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD8479FCA04B50FC62" box="[569,613,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="34.[264,367,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,327,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-185@34.[264,1323,326,1371]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 17. Postgenal clefts and hypostoma of larvae of Hebridosimulium species. Last instar except b, d, & f, which are penultimate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071429/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">17c</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD8432FCA04BABFC62" box="[626,670,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[264,367,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-153@36.[264,1323,326,1383]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hypostomal teeth of larvae of Hebridosimulium species. Last instar, except d & f, which are penultimate. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071435/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">19c</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD84EAFCA04BE0FC62" box="[682,725,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[264,367,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,327,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-171@43.[264,1323,326,1377]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Mandibular teeth of larvae of Hebridosimulium species, steatopygium species group. Last instar, except d & f, which are penultimate. Scale bar = 0.025 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071439/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">21c</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8748FC70487FFC33" blockId="71.[264,1323,959,1185]" box="[264,330,959,984]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8748FC70487FFC33" box="[264,330,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Types</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DCA8C9C0FFFCFFA38778FC294B35FC35" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8778FC294A1DFB4A" blockId="71.[264,1323,959,1185]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<materialsCitation id="24DA9016FFFCFFAD8778FC294845FB92" collectingDate="2004-09-22" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Coll. D. A. & R. Craig." country="Vanuatu" elevation="25" latitude="-15.96069" location="Larva" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.19756" municipality="Label" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="25" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8778FC29489FFBEB" bold="true" box="[312,426,998,1024]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<typeStatus id="4B0924E9FFFCFFAD8778FC29489FFBEB" box="[312,426,998,1024]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<location id="916DCC90FFFCFFAD878EFC284B22FBEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C1B2B5DFFFCFFA38748FC834B35FC35:916DCC90FFFCFFAD878EFC284B22FBEA" box="[462,535,999,1025]" country="Vanuatu" latitude="-15.96069" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.19756" municipality="Label" name="Larva" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Larva</location>
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||
: last-instar male, in alcohol.
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="74690031FFFCFFAD8595FC284D2DFBEA" box="[981,1048,999,1025]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Label</collectingMunicipality>
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data – “
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||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFFCFFAD82FCFC284BBBFBC3" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supercilium" subGenus="Hebridosimulium">
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<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD82FCFC284C1EFBEB" box="[1212,1323,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8752FBC048EAFBC3" box="[274,479,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hebridosimulium</emphasis>
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)
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8445FBC04BBBFBC3" box="[517,654,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">supercilium</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA5DADBFFFCFFAD84F3FBC04A23FBC2" box="[691,790,1039,1065]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
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||
, Pentecost, Warbot River.
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||
<geoCoordinate id="F186FC8CFFFCFFAD82E1FBC04C1FFBC2" box="[1185,1322,1039,1065]" degrees="15.96069" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="-15.96069">S15.96069°</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="F186FC8CFFFCFFAD8748FBF84890FBBA" box="[264,421,1079,1105]" degrees="168.19755" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="168.19756">E168.19755°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="82B451C2FFFCFFAD87A5FBF84B14FBBA" box="[485,545,1079,1105]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="generic">
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<quantity id="534A37AEFFFCFFAD87A5FBF84B29FBBA" box="[485,540,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="25.0">
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<elevation id="1F9F7D78FFFCFFAD87A5FBF84B29FBBA" box="[485,540,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="25.0">25m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="E00CBC8BFFFCFFAD846CFBF84B98FBBA" box="[556,685,1079,1105]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2004-09-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F0484563FFFCFFAD846CFBF84B98FBBA" box="[556,685,1079,1105]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2004-09-22">22.ix.2004</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="3947FF9DFFFCFFAD84FDFBF84A73FBBA" box="[701,838,1079,1105]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Coll. D. A.</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="3947FF9DFFFCFFAD8535FBF84AD1FBBA" box="[885,996,1079,1105]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R. Craig.</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0924E9FFFCFFAD85B0FBF84DBAFBBA" box="[1008,1167,1079,1105]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
. No. 16612” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2A3028EFFFCFFAD8750FB90485DFB92" box="[272,360,1119,1145]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD873DFB9148CFFB93" bold="true" box="[381,506,1118,1144]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0924E9FFFCFFAD873DFB9148CFFB93" box="[381,506,1118,1144]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Larva and pupae: in alcohol. Label data – as for
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24DA9016FFFCFFAD820CFB904A11FB4A" collectionCode="BPBM, DAC, LCNZ, ROM" country="Vanuatu" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0924E9FFFCFFAD820CFB904D89FB92" box="[1100,1212,1119,1145]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but with “
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B0924E9FFFCFFAD8752FB48489BFB4A" box="[274,430,1159,1185]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
”. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2A3028EFFFCFFAD878AFB484B15FB4A" box="[458,544,1159,1185]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2A3028EFFFCFFAD846CFB484B58FB4A" box="[556,621,1159,1185]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">DAC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2A3028EFFFCFFAD8438FB484BF2FB4A" box="[632,711,1159,1185]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">LCNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2A3028EFFFCFFAD8494FB484A29FB4A" box="[724,796,1159,1185]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">ROM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8748FB18484BFB1B" blockId="71.[264,1323,1239,1545]" box="[264,382,1239,1264]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8748FB18484BFB1B" box="[264,382,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8778FB304A9BF9E2" blockId="71.[264,1323,1239,1545]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Smaller species. Pupa: thoracic cuticle with sparse, coarse granules. Cocoon: less shoe shaped than other species; anterior collar not raised markedly above substrate; base not flared laterally. Larva: posterior abdomen slightly steatopygous; dorsolateral tubercles absent; head-spot pattern not markedly distinct, males with Eiffel Tower spot pattern, females darker and pattern ill defined; eyebrow stripe dorsal of ocelli marked, ending in distinct small dark head spot; postgenal bridge markedly small, postgenal cleft deep; fewer sublateral setae than in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFFCFFAD849AFA204A92F9E3" authorityName="Grenier & Rageau" authorityYear="1961" box="[730,935,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hebridosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD849AFA204A92F9E3" box="[730,935,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hebridosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8748F9F048A7F9B3" blockId="71.[264,1323,1599,1905]" box="[264,402,1599,1624]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8748F9F048A7F9B3" box="[264,402,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8778F9A94B56F96A" blockId="71.[264,1323,1599,1905]" box="[312,611,1638,1665]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8778F9A948D4F96B" bold="true" box="[312,481,1638,1664]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Adult female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8778F9414B78F942" blockId="71.[264,1323,1599,1905]" box="[312,589,1678,1705]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8778F94148FFF943" bold="true" box="[312,458,1678,1704]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Adult male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFAD8778F97948F9F8A2" blockId="71.[264,1323,1599,1905]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8778F979484CF93B" bold="true" box="[312,377,1718,1744]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(based on 2 mature specimens). Length
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFFCFFAD8518F9784ADFF93A" box="[856,1002,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="3.0999999999999996" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Thoracic granules normal. Cocoon covering pupa, base not flared laterally, shoe-shaped. Gills: branching pattern (2+2)+2+2+1+1, maximum length
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFFCFFAD84FFF8C84A10F8CA" box="[703,805,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, petioles short, but variable. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD82EDF8C84C28F8CA" box="[1197,1309,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[264,367,1531,1555]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-95@27.[264,1323,326,1507]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pupal gill filaments of Hebridosimulium species (continued). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071415/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 10d</figureCitation>
|
||
); annulations fine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFFCFFA28778F8994A2BFA0D" blockId="71.[264,1323,1599,1905]" lastBlockId="72.[264,1323,284,1510]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFFCFFAD8778F89948B1F89B" bold="true" box="[312,388,1878,1904]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(based on 5 mature last-instar larvae). Body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFFCFFAD858CF8984D02F89A" box="[972,1079,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[264,367,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,406,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-68@28.[265,1322,406,1750]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Left lateral views of Hebridosimulium species larvae. Last-instar larvae, except l & n, which are penultimate. Arrowheads indicate dorsal tubercles. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071417/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 11k</figureCitation>
|
||
): total length, male
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28748FED348A8FEDD" box="[264,413,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="6.15" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="6.1">6.1–6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; female
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA2844AFED34BA1FEDD" box="[522,660,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.8">6.8–7.2mm</quantity>
|
||
; females evenly mottled grey-brown, males yellowish grey-brown; expanded gradually posteriorly, very slightly steatopygous, (essentially callipygous in earlier instars). Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFF3FFA284F6FEA34A2EFE6D" box="[694,795,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[264,367,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-179@31.[264,1323,326,1375]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Dorsal views of larval heads of Hebridosimulium species. steatopygium species group. Last instars, except d & f, which are penultimate instars. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071423/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 14c</figureCitation>
|
||
): noticeably longer than wide; female overall medium brown, darker posteriorly, head spots lightly positive, anteromedial spots with paler nimbus, posteromedial spots with darker aureole, male head lighter in colour with head spots forming Eiffel Tower configuration; both sexes with distinct black mark anterior of eyebrow stripe, dorsal of pale ocellar area; head spot ventral of ocelli positive, as are posterolateral spots, surrounded by pale nimbus, producing distinct pattern (lateral head spots not well developed in earlier instars); male head width
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28264FD934DE6FD9D" box="[1060,1235,604,630]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.605" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.58">0.58–0.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28748FD4B4841FD75" box="[264,372,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
; distance between antennal bases
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28548FD4B4A41FD75" box="[776,884,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
; female width
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28265FD4B4DE1FD75" box="[1061,1236,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.73" valueMin="0.67">0.67–0.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28748FD63488AFD2D" box="[264,447,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.79" valueMin="0.75">0.75–0.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
; distance between antennal bases
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28539FD634ADBFD2D" box="[889,1006,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.37">0.37 mm</quantity>
|
||
; lateral margins of head subparallel; frontoclypeal apotome lateral margins straight, diverging evenly posteriorly, maximum width well posterior; dorsal head spots not distinct, but occasionally in Eiffel Tower configuration; small, distinct black spot anterodorsal of stemmata (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFF3FFA282F0FCEB4C2EFCD5" box="[1200,1307,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="32.[264,367,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1126,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-429@32.[264,1323,1126,1397]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 15. Left lateral views of larval heads of Hebridosimulium species. Left labral fan removed for clarity. Last instars except c, which is penultimate. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071425/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 15c</figureCitation>
|
||
); distinct cervical sclerites separated from apotome by extension of postocciput, posterior edge of apotome not eroded. Antenna: distal and medial articles brown, remainder pale; total length
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA287D6FC534B37FC5D" box="[406,514,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
|
||
; distal article 0.24 times as long as basal articles, subequal in length to labral fan stalk. Labral fan: anterior palatal bar well developed; stalk lightly pigmented, 37–43 fine rays,
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28794FC234B05FBED" box="[468,560,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, 8 rays less substantial; microtrichia fine, subequal in length to ray width, pattern indistinct, with 3 or 4 slightly shorter microtrichia between longer ones. Postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFF3FFA2842CFBF34BE0FBBD" box="[620,725,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="34.[264,367,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,327,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-185@34.[264,1323,326,1371]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 17. Postgenal clefts and hypostoma of larvae of Hebridosimulium species. Last instar except b, d, & f, which are penultimate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071429/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 17c</figureCitation>
|
||
): deeply V-shaped. Postgenal bridge: yellow; 0.2 times as long as cleft depth; genae evenly pigmented light brown, lateral elongate muscle spots negative. Hypostoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFF3FFA2841AFB434BF5FB4D" box="[602,704,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[264,367,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,326,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-153@36.[264,1323,326,1383]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hypostomal teeth of larvae of Hebridosimulium species. Last instar, except d & f, which are penultimate. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071435/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
|
||
): overall broadly cone-shaped; ratio 5.3; teeth array smaller and slightly protruding anteriorly; median and lateral teeth not markedly developed, latter smaller than former; sublateral teeth small; paralateral teeth not obvious; lateral serrations poorly developed; 8 or 9 hypostomal setae per side. Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFF3FFA28280FACB4C13FAF5" box="[1216,1318,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="43.[264,367,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,327,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-171@43.[264,1323,326,1377]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 21. Mandibular teeth of larvae of Hebridosimulium species, steatopygium species group. Last instar, except d & f, which are penultimate. Scale bar = 0.025 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071439/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 21c</figureCitation>
|
||
: preapical and subapical teeth not well developed; spinous teeth not markedly developed, space absent; serration and sensillum well developed, blade region smooth and convex. Abdomen: expanded gradually to maximum width, dorsolateral tubercles absent, slightly steatopygous posteroventrally. Posterior circlet: directed posteriorly; 160–163 rows of hooks; 23–25 hooks per row (total ca. 3,800).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF3FFA28748F9D34B50F9DE" blockId="72.[264,1322,1564,1670]" box="[264,613,1564,1589]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF3FFA28748F9D34B50F9DE" box="[264,613,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Additional material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF3FFA28778F98B4B8DF96D" blockId="72.[264,1322,1564,1670]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF3FFA28778F98B489BF9B5" bold="true" box="[312,430,1604,1630]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pentecost</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24DA9016FFF3FFA287FEF98B4B81F96D" collectingDate="2004-09-22" collectionCode="DAC" collectorName="Coll. D. A. & R. Craig" elevation="25" latitude="-15.96069" location="Warbot River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.19756" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="25">
|
||
<location id="916DCC90FFF3FFA287FEF98B4B6AF9B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C1B2B5DFFFCFFA38748FC834B35FC35:916DCC90FFF3FFA287FEF98B4B6AF9B5" box="[446,607,1604,1630]" latitude="-15.96069" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="168.19756" name="Warbot River" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Warbot River</location>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F186FC8CFFF3FFA2842CF98B4BC0F9B5" box="[620,757,1604,1630]" degrees="15.96069" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="1" value="-15.96069">S15.96069°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F186FC8CFFF3FFA284BEF98B4AAEF9B5" box="[766,923,1604,1630]" degrees="168.19755" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="1" value="168.19756">E168.19755°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<specimenCount id="82B451C2FFF3FFA28595F98B4D24F9B5" box="[981,1041,1604,1630]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="534A37AEFFF3FFA28595F98B4D39F9B5" box="[981,1036,1604,1630]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="25.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1F9F7D78FFF3FFA28595F98B4D39F9B5" box="[981,1036,1604,1630]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="25.0">25m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="E00CBC8BFFF3FFA28259F98B4DAFF9B5" box="[1049,1178,1604,1630]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2004-09-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F0484563FFF3FFA28259F98B4DAFF9B5" box="[1049,1178,1604,1630]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2004-09-22">22.ix.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="3947FF9DFFF3FFA282E6F98B4C1FF9B5" box="[1190,1322,1604,1630]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Coll. D. A.</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="3947FF9DFFF3FFA28766F9A348BCF96D" box="[294,393,1644,1670]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">R. Craig</collectorName>
|
||
(immature larvae;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2A3028EFFF3FFA28429F9A34B99F96D" box="[617,684,1644,1670]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">DAC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF3FFA28748F97348B0F93E" blockId="72.[264,1323,1724,1830]" box="[264,389,1724,1749]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF3FFA28748F97348B0F93E" box="[264,389,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF3FFA28778F92B4B2DF8CD" blockId="72.[264,1323,1724,1830]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Named for the distinct eyebrow-shaped mark, terminated at a black spot, dorsal to the stemmata in the larvae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF2FFA38748FED34B7CFEB5" blockId="73.[264,585,284,350]" box="[264,585,284,350]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA38748FED348A2FEDE" box="[264,407,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECA5DADBFFF2FFA38778FE8B48F2FEB5" box="[312,455,324,350]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">VANUATU</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Pentecost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF2FFA38748FE5B48B6FE46" blockId="73.[264,1323,404,990]" box="[264,387,404,429]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA38748FE5B48B6FE46" box="[264,387,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF2FFA38778FE734D34FD9D" blockId="73.[264,1323,404,990]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pentecost is little collected and future surveys of that island are warranted. The nearby island of Maewo, which is also known to support simuliids because of Cheesman’s early collections, is also in need of study. Two other Pentecost rivers (Lonpoa, Oubouen) were examined at the coast, but both lacked simuliids and other macroinvertebrates. The mountainous interior of the island will no doubt be more fruitful.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940D9A4BFFF2FFA38778FD4B4B35FC35" blockId="73.[264,1323,404,990]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
Found exclusively on trailing vegetation in fast flow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8986CEFFF2FFA38582FD4B4D1EFD75" box="[962,1067,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="83.[264,367,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[301,1278,310,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-141@83.[301,1279,310,1610]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 24. Habitats of larvae of Hebridosimulium species. a–e. Vanuatu.a. Santo, Adsone River. Type locality of S. adsonense. b. Santo, upper cascade, tributary of Sarakata River. Type locality of S. paradisium. c. Efate, Mele Cascade. Type locality of S. steatopygium. Note travertine terraces. d. South Pentecost, Warbot River. Type locality of S. supercilium. e. Santo, small stream, Millennium Cave region. Typical locality of S. subparadisium. f–i. Fiji. Habitats of S. laciniatum larvae. f. Viti Levu, Abaca Village, above Vereni Falls. Type region. g. Taveuni, Wairiki, Devo Peak, looking down water slide. h. Kadavu, Kadavacoro Village, Wailea Waterfall. i. Vanu Levu, Waisala Rain Forest Reserve, Ravini River." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071449/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 24d</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFF2FFA38202FD4B4DDEFD76" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello" authorityYear="2006" box="[1090,1259,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supercilium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA38202FD4B4DDEFD76" box="[1090,1259,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. supercilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not exhibit conspicuous adaptations to life at high velocities. Fan rays are fine in structure, the number of hooks in the posterior circlet is relatively few, and the abdomen is not markedly steatopygous. With adults unknown, the assignment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFF2FFA3826CFD334DE2FCFE" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello" authorityYear="2006" box="[1068,1239,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supercilium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA3826CFD334DE2FCFE" box="[1068,1239,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. supercilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFF2FFA38748FCEB4891FCD6" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,420,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steatopygium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA38748FCEB4891FCD6" box="[264,420,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">steatopygium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group is based solely on the character states of the immature stages, viz, the small number of hypostomal hairs and number of hooks in the posterior circlet. Nonetheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFF2FFA387ECFCBB4B6CFC66" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello" authorityYear="2006" box="[428,601,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supercilium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA387ECFCBB4B6CFC66" box="[428,601,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. supercilium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would fit almost equally well in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFF2FFA3827DFCBB4DF2FC66" authorityName="Craig & Currie & Hunter & Spironello" authorityYear="2006" box="[1085,1223,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="callipygium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA3827DFCBB4DF2FC66" box="[1085,1223,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">callipygium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Does the generalized nature of this species perhaps indicate that it is a basal taxon in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53B2E1C8FFF2FFA38766FC0B48C6FC36" authorityName="Grenier & Rageau" authorityYear="1961" box="[294,499,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hebridosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6C64659FFF2FFA38766FC0B48C6FC36" box="[294,499,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Hebridosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |