258 lines
26 KiB
XML
258 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.299.5063" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ec46759-649f-412f-ae5d-f13b585bca0a" ID-PMC="PMC3689105" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-299-77" ID-PubMed="23794889" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-299-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 299" ModsDocTitle="The Tetramorium tortuosum species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) revisited - taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical T. capillosum species complex" checkinTime="1451247298815" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Garcia, Francisco Hita & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2013" docId="D90F093158A35D8EB5A0039618D17DCB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 299: 77-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 299" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.299.5063" docTitle="Tetramorium capillosum Bolton" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="6B5EFFA0FFBBFFF9F12AFFC83E72FFAE" masterDocTitle="The Tetramorium tortuosum species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) revisited - taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical T. capillosum species complex" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1668155819383" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Tetramorium tortuosum species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) revisited - taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical T. capillosum species complex</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Francisco Hita</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>299</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>77</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.299.5063</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.299.5063</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-299-77</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D90F093158A35D8EB5A0039618D17DCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D90F093158A35D8EB5A0039618D17DCB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tetramorium_capillosum" authority="Bolton" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum Bolton</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1B, 2A, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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Bolton, 1980: 236.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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Holotype, pinned worker, GABON, Makokou,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.56666666">0°34'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="12.866667">12°52'E</geoCoordinate>
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, rainforest, X.1972 (I. Lieberburg) [MCZ] [examined]. Paratypes, seven pinned workers with same data as holotype [BMNH; MCZ] [examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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Non-type material. CAMEROON: Mbalmayo, XI.1993 (
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="84" start="start">N</pageBreakToken>
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. Storck); Ndupe, 20.XII.1989 (A. Dejean); Sud,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bondé">Bonde</normalizedToken>
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Forest,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="N’kolo">N'kolo</normalizedToken>
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village, 27.5 km 155° SSE Elogbatindi,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="3.2217">3.2217N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.2467">10.2467E</geoCoordinate>
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, 40 m, rainforest, 12.IV.2000 (B.L. Fisher); Sud, Campo Reserve,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.6">2°36'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.933333">9°56'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 40 m, 25.X.1991 (D.M. Olson); Sud, P.N. Campo, 43.3 km 108°ESE Campo,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="2.2825">2.2825N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.2062">10.2062E</geoCoordinate>
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, 290 m, rainforest, 7.IV.2000 (B.L. Fisher); Sud, Res. de Faune de Campo, Massif des Mamelles, 15.1 km 84°E
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ébodjé">Ebodje</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.59417">2.59417N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="9.9595">9.9595E</geoCoordinate>
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, 180 m, rainforest, 4.IV.2000 (B.L. Fisher); CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Prefecture
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sangha-Mbaéré">Sangha-Mbaere</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326°NW Bayanga,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="3.005">3.005N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="16.1933">16.1933E</geoCoordinate>
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, 420 m, rainforest, 10.-17.V.2001 (B.L. Fisher); Prefecture
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sangha-Mbaéré">Sangha-Mbaere</normalizedToken>
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, Parc National Dzanga-Ndoki,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mabéa">Mabea</normalizedToken>
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Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="3.0333">3.0333N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="16.41">16.41E</geoCoordinate>
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, 510 m, rainforest, 1.-7.V.2001 (B.L. Fisher); DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Epulu,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="1.3833">1.3833N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="28.5833">28.5833E</geoCoordinate>
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, 750 m, rainforest, 1.XI.1995 (S.D. Torti); GABON: La Makande, Foret de Abeilles, I.-II.1999 (S. Lewis); Makokou, rainforest, X.1972 (I. Lieberburg); Ogooue-Maritime, Aire
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Exploit">d'Exploit</normalizedToken>
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. Rationnelle de Faune des Monts Doudou, 24.3 km 307°NW Doussala,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="2.2264">2.2264N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.4097">10.4097E</geoCoordinate>
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, 375 m, rainforest, 6.-9.III.2000 (B.L. Fisher); Ogooue-Maritime, Aire
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Exploit">d'Exploit</normalizedToken>
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. Rationnelle de Faune des Monts Doudou, 25.2 km 304°NW Doussala,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.2275">2.2275S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.3945">10.3945E</geoCoordinate>
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, 640 m, rainforest, 14.III.2000 (B.L. Fisher); Ogooue-Maritime, Reserve des Monts Doudou, 25.2 km 304°NW Doussala,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.2272">2.2272S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.3945">10.3945E</geoCoordinate>
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, 630 m, coastal lowland rainforest, 13.-20.III.2000 (S. van Noort); Ogooue-Maritime, Reserve de la Moukalaba-Dougoua, 12.2 km 305°NW Doussala,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.3167">2.3167S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.5333">10.5333E</geoCoordinate>
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, 110 m, rainforest, 24.II.2000 (B.L. Fisher); Ogooue-Maritime, Reserve de la Moukalaba-Dougoua, 10.8 km 214°SW Doussala,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.4227">2.4227S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.5453">10.5453E</geoCoordinate>
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, 110 m, rainforest, 29.II.2000 (B.L. Fisher); Ogooue-Maritime, Reserve de la Moukalaba-Dougoua, 12.2 km 305°NW Doussala,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.2833">2.2833S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="10.4972">10.4972E</geoCoordinate>
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, 110 m, coastal lowland rainforest, 24.II.-3.III.2000 (S. van Noort); Woleu-Ntem, 31.3 km 108°ESE Minvoul,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="2.08">2.08N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="12.4067">12.4067E</geoCoordinate>
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, 600 m, rainforest, 7.II.1998 (B.L. Fisher); UGANDA: Bunyoro District, Budongo Forest FS,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="1.7264">1.7264N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="31.5524">31.5524E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1081 m, 8.VII.2009 (W. Freund & T. Klug).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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The following character combination clearly distinguishes
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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from the remainder of the species group: eyes of moderate size (OI 23 - 25); antennal scapes moderately long (SI 80 - 83); petiolar node nodiform with anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins relatively rounded, posterodorsal margin situated higher than anterodorsal margin, dorsum convex; mandibles strongly longitudinally rugose; petiole and postpetiole usually with weak sculpture; whole body uniformly very dark brown to black.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="worker measurements">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Worker measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">(N=12). HL 0.79 - 0.89 (0.84); HW 0.76 - 0.84 (0.79); SL 0.62 - 0.69 (0.65); EL 0.18 - 0.21 (0.19); PH 0.41 - 0.51 (0.46); PW 0.60 - 0.68 (0.65); WL 1.02 - 1.19 (1.12); PSL 0.26 - 0.38 (0.30); PTL 0.31 - 0.37 (0.34); PTH 0.34 - 0.41 (0.37); PTW 0.28 - 0.33 (0.31); PPL 0.28 - 0.33 (0.30); PPH 0.37 - 0.43 (0.40); PPW 0.37 - 0.44 (0.41); CI 94 - 96 (95); SI 80 - 83 (82); OI 23 - 25 (24); DMI 55 - 62 (58); LMI 39 - 43 (41); PSLI 31 - 43 (35); PeNI 45 - 49 (47); LPeI 89 - 100 (94); DPeI 86 - 94 (89); PpNI 61 - 66 (63); LPpI 70 - 78 (75); DPpI 130 - 139 (135); PPI 127 - 138 (134).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Worker description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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Head longer than wide (CI 94 - 96); posterior head margin moderately concave. Anterior clypeal margin entire and convex. Frontal carinae strongly developed, approaching or ending at posterior head margin. Antennal scrobes narrow but very well-developed with clearly defined margins all around. Antennal scapes moderately long, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 80 - 83). Eyes of moderate size (OI 23 - 25). Mesosomal outline in profile weakly convex, moderately marginate from lateral to dorsal mesosoma; promesonotal suture and metanotal groove absent; mesosoma comparatively stout and high (LMI 39 - 43). Propodeal spines relatively long to very long, spinose, and acute (PSLI 31 - 43); propodeal lobes short, triangular to elongate-triangular, and usually acute. Petiolar node in profile rectangular nodiform, approximately as high as long to weakly higher than long (LPeI 89 - 100), anterior and posterior faces approximately parallel, posterodorsal margin situated higher than anterodorsal, anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles relatively rounded, petiolar dorsum convex; node in dorsal view approximately 1.1 times longer than wide
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="85" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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DPeI 86 - 94). Postpetiole in profile relatively high and moderately anteroposteriorly compressed, approximately 1.2 to 1.3 times higher than long (LPpI 70 - 78); in dorsal view around 1.3 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPpI 130 - 139). Postpetiole in profile thinner and higher than petiolar node, in dorsal view approximately 1.3 to 1.4 times wider than petiolar node (PPI 127 - 138). Mandibles strongly longitudinally rugose; clypeus longitudinally rugulose, usually with three to five rugulae, median rugula better developed; cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae irregularly longitudinally rugose to reticulate rugose, posteriorly towards posterior head margin fully reticulate-rugose, anteriorly towards posterior clypeal margin more regularly longitudinally rugose; scrobal area unsculptured, smooth, and shining; lateral and ventral head longitudinally rugose to reticulate-rugose. Mesosoma laterally and dorsally strongly irregularly longitudinally rugose. Forecoxae unsculptured, smooth, and shining. Both waist segments with strong sculpture, mainly longitudinally rugose. Gaster unsculptured, smooth, and shining. Ground sculpture generally faint to absent everywhere on body. Whole body with abundant, very long, and fine standing hairs; first gastral tergite without appressed pubescence. Anterior edges of antennal scapes with suberect to erect hairs. Body of uniform very dark brown to black colour.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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Figure 1. Petiolar node in profile. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium hecate" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecate">Tetramorium hecate</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0248334) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0901156) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium tabarum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabarum">Tetramorium tabarum</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0280900).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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Figure 2. A, B Head in full-face view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0901156) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium tabarum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabarum">Tetramorium tabarum</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0316967) C, D Body in profile. C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0316960) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium tabarum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabarum">Tetramorium tabarum</taxonomicName>
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(CASENT0316967).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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paratype worker (CASENT0901156). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C head in full-face view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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Currently,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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is found throughout Gabon, southern Cameroon, eastern Central African Republic, and then much further east in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo and northwestern Uganda (Figure 7). As noted above, the disjunctive range is almost certainly due to a sampling artefact, and it is very likely that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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is also encountered in Congo, and in much more of the Democratic Republic of Congo than just the northeastern locality of Epulu. Also, it seems unlikely that the species does not occur in Equatorial Guinea since it is found further north, south, and east, and was likely missed due to a sampling artefact. With the available material in mind, it seems that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
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lives in leaf litter and/or on the ground, and is found at elevations from 40 to 1081 m.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="85">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Within the African
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium tortuosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="86" start="start">Tetramorium</pageBreakToken>
|
||
tortuosum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily recognisable.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium hecate" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecate">Tetramorium hecate</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium tabarum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabarum">Tetramorium tabarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in overall body size and colouration. The latter two are smaller species (WL 0.69 - 0.83; PW 42 - 52) either bicoloured or of uniform brown colour, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is noticeably larger (WL 1.02 - 1.19; PW 60 - 68) and of a very dark brown to black colour. However, both body size and colouration are often variable within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetramorium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium hecate" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecate">Tetramorium hecate</taxonomicName>
|
||
in antennal scape length, eye size, and petiolar node shape. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
the antennal scapes are moderately long (SI 80 - 83), eyes are of moderate size (OI 24 - 25), and the petiolar node has anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins that are relatively rounded, with the posterodorsal margin situated higher than the anterodorsal. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium hecate" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecate">Tetramorium hecate</taxonomicName>
|
||
scapes are relatively short (SI 73 - 77), eyes are relatively large (OI 27 - 31), and the petiolar node is rectangular nodiform with anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles sharply defined and at about the same height. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium tabarum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabarum">Tetramorium tabarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
significantly varies from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in eye size, propodeal spine length, and sculpture on mandibles and postpetiole.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium tabarum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabarum">Tetramorium tabarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much larger eyes (OI 27 - 31), much shorter spines (PSLI 22 - 25), and the mandibles and the postpetiole are unsculptured, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller eyes (OI 24 - 25), much longer spines (PSLI 31 - 43), and conspicuously sculptured mandibles and postpetiole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="86">
|
||
It should be noted that despite a relatively broad distribution range from the Gulf of Guinea to northwest Uganda,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium capillosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capillosum">Tetramorium capillosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains morphologically remarkably stable without noticeable intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |