treatments-xml/data/CC/26/35/CC263576A5730F7F1EF88B1D098E4844.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.125.1790" ID-GBIF-Dataset="767eb18d-1c3f-4fe2-b95b-8e44141155f7" ID-PMC="PMC3185368" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-125-51" ID-PubMed="21998537" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-125-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 125" ModsDocTitle="Apoxyria hirtuosa (Wiedemann, 1821) comb. n., lectotype designation, redescription and identification key to species of Apoxyria Schiner, 1866 (Asilidae, Laphriinae)" checkinTime="1451249944202" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Alvim, Edgar, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly &amp; Bravo, Freddy" docDate="2011" docId="CC263576A5730F7F1EF88B1D098E4844" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 125: 51-57" docOrigin="ZooKeys 125" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.125.1790" docTitle="Apoxyria hirtuosa Wiedemann 1821, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFDBFFA32E4FFFA2FFA2FFF8FFEBFFC4" masterDocTitle="Apoxyria hirtuosa (Wiedemann, 1821) comb. n., lectotype designation, redescription and identification key to species of Apoxyria Schiner, 1866 (Asilidae, Laphriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1668152036951" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Apoxyria hirtuosa (Wiedemann, 1821) comb. n., lectotype designation, redescription and identification key to species of Apoxyria Schiner, 1866 (Asilidae, Laphriinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alvim, Edgar</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ale-Rocha, Rosaly</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bravo, Freddy</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>125</mods:number>
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
<mods:end>57</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.125.1790</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.125.1790</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-125-51</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030557" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC263576A5730F7F1EF88B1D098E4844" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC263576A5730F7F1EF88B1D098E4844" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Apoxyria_hirtuosa" authority="Wiedemann, 1821" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Apoxyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyria hirtuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosa">Apoxyria hirtuosa (Wiedemann, 1821)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="52">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Dasypogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasypogon hirtuosus" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosus">Dasypogon hirtuosus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Wiedemann 1821</bibRefCitation>
: 227; Wiedemann 1828: 402 (redescription);
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Walker 1854</bibRefCitation>
: 443 (check list);
<bibRefCitation author="Schiner, JR" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien," pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="649 - 722" title="Die Wiedemannischen Asiliden, interpretiert und in die seither errichteten neuen Gattungen eingereiht." volume="16" year="1866">Schiner 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 679 (check list);
<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Transaction of the American Entomological Society" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="67 - 91" title="Catalogue of the described species of South American Asilidae." volume="18" year="1891">Williston 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 67 (catalogue);
<bibRefCitation author="Kertesz, K" journalOrPublisher="Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" title="Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum (IV)." volume="4" year="1909">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kertész">Kertesz</normalizedToken>
1909
</bibRefCitation>
: 128 (catalogue);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Lastauroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lastauroides hirtuosus" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosus">Lastauroides hirtuosus</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 148" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos Asilidae neotropicais (Diptera). I. Sobre as especies brasileiras com esporao na tibia." volume="7" year="1949">Carrera 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 97, Fig. 27;
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="141 - 154" title="Dipteros de Boraceia I. Asilidae." volume="13" year="1958">1958a</bibRefCitation>
: 146;
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="67 - 80" title="Relacao de alguns Asilidae (Diptera) e suas presas. (IV)." volume="10" year="1961">Carrera and Vulcano 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 69 (prey);
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="39 - 64" title="Saropogonini neotropicais (Diptera, Asilidae, Dasypogoninae)." volume="5" year="1962">Carrera and Papavero 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 53 (check list);
<bibRefCitation author="Hull, FM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 906" title="Robber Flies of the World: The Genera of the Family Asilidae." url="doi: 10.5479/si.03629236.224" volume="224" year="1962">Hull 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 241, Figs 545, 1074, 1083 (check list);
<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Martin and Papavero 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 29 (catalogue).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Neodiogmites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neodiogmites hirtuosus" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosus">Neodiogmites hirtuosus</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Artigas, JN" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologica" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="199 - 260" title="The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. II. Key to the genera of Dasypogoninae Macquart, with descriptions of new genera and species and new synonymies." volume="52" year="1988">Artigas and Papavero 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 213 (key), 151, Fig. 157;
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 179" title="Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Asilidae." volume="17" year="2009">Papavero 2009</bibRefCitation>
:1 (catalogue);
<bibRefCitation author="Geller-Grimm, F" journalOrPublisher="Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" title="Catalog of species." url="http://www.geller-grimm.de/catalog/specieshtm" year="2010">Geller-Grimm 2011</bibRefCitation>
(online catalogue).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="type-material examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Type-material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Lectotype male (ZMHB), present designation, labeled: &quot;Brazil\?, [without date] V. Olfers coll.&quot; A red label written
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Lectotype”">&quot;Lectotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
was added. Specimen in reasonable condition, head slightly dusty, flagellum and middle leg lost, right wing mounted on permanent slides, abdomen dissected and placed in a micro-vial with glycerin, pinned together with the specimen. Paralectotypes: 1 male and 1 female, same locality as lectotype. Paralectotype male (ZMHB) in reasonable condition, head with a
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="53" start="start">little</pageBreakToken>
dust, lacking flagellum, mesonotum broken posteriorly, abdomen cracked between the second and third segment. Paralectotype female (ZMHB) in good condition, but the mesonotum is perforated posteriorly and the left flagellum is lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lectotype male: Measurements: 12.5 mm (body length excluding antennae); 9.0 mm (wings).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Face pronounced, covered by yellow pruinescence; dorsocentral setae of the same length as the scutum setae, however black; scutellum covered by short yellow setae, with several yellow long and slender apical scutellar setae; wings with r1 open.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Redescription:</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
Lectotype male. Head (Fig. 3): face black, covered by yellow pruinescence that is denser on the sides, pronounced, not ending abruptly on upper part, occupying 2/3 of face; mystax black and yellow with some yellow setae between the antenna and facial swelling; frons black with sparse yellow pruinescence, yellow setae below and beside ocellar tubercle; vertex black; ocellar tubercle with several yellow setae; orbital setae yellow;postocular setae black with thin yellow setae between them; occiput black with yellow pruinescence, with black setae and yellow lower setae; proboscis black,
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="54" start="start">apex</pageBreakToken>
obtuse, with short yellow setae ventrally; palpus black, longer than half length of proboscis, yellow setae basally and black on the remainder; antenna black, scape and pedicel almost the same length with black setae, scape with some basal yellow setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
Thorax (Fig 1): black; second cervical sclerite black with sparse yellow pruinescence and black setae; antepronotum with black setae; postpronotum covered by yellow pruinescence and yellow setae laterally, some black setae mixed; postpronotal lobe
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="55" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
black setae anteriorly and yellow posteriorly; proepisternum and proepimeron with yellow pruinescence and yellow setae; scutum covered by short yellow setae; dorsocentral setae of the same length as the scutum setae, however black; two notopleural setae; three to four supra-alar setae and two postalar setae, all black; scutellum covered by short yellow setae, with several yellow long and slender apical scutellar setae; mesopleura covered by yellow pruinescence, except anteriorly on the anepisternum and katepisternum; anepisternum with yellow setae and some black setae posteriorly; katepisternum with yellow setae; katatergite with brownish setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Legs (Fig. 1): shiny black; coxae with yellowish pruinescence and yellow setae; femora covered by short yellow setae with some black setae on the dorsum; fore and hind tibiae covered by yellow setae, longer on ventral and posteroventral margin, and with dense short yellow setae on ventral margin which extend onto first tarsomere, these setae are also present on the hind tibiae, but are denser than on the other legs; fore tibia with anterodorsal, posterodorsal, and posteroventral rows of stout black setae; mid tibia with dorsal, posterodorsal, posteroventral, and ventral rows of stout black setae; hind tibia covered by yellow and black setae of different lengths, with anterodorsal, posterodorsal, and posteroventral rows of stout black setae and dense yellow setae on ventral and posteroventral margins. Tarsi covered by short yellow setae and stout black setae; claws black; pulvilli yellowish.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Wing (Fig. 4): membrane slightly infuscate; veins brown; alula reduced, but a small lobe is still distinct; r1 open, apex of R2+3 arching sharply anteriorly in 90° angle, R4 strongly sinuate, R4 and R5 diverge from each other at the wing margin, r5 open, m3 closed and petiolate; cell cup closed; haltere yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Abdomen (Fig 1): black, covered by short yellow setae, longer on the sides of anterior three tergites; posterior margin of tergites 6 and 7 reddish. Terminalia (Figs 5-7): terminalia reddish with black setae; epandrium long, with deep, rounded sulcus on apical fourth, forming long arms laterally; subepandrial sclerite with medial evagination forming laterally arms with rounded apex; cercus with two projections dorsally; gonocoxite with a claw-shaped projection on the apex and with two expansions, the second expansion with shell-shaped apex; gonostylus with rounded apex; hypandrium short and boomerang-shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Female (Fig. 2): flagellum longer than scape and pedicel combined, with and a spine on the apex, black covered by brown pruinescence denser in the base; postpronotal lobe with black setae anteriorly; scutellum with some short black setae anteriorly; legs and abdomen with fewer setae than in male; terminalia pale brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Distribution:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
After the original description of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Dasypogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasypogon hirtuosus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosus">Dasypogon hirtuosus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Wiedemann (1821)</bibRefCitation>
, the type specimens have not been examined until now. All the transfers to other genera were based on other specimens collected in Brazil (
<bibRefCitation author="Carrera, M" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 148" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos Asilidae neotropicais (Diptera). I. Sobre as especies brasileiras com esporao na tibia." volume="7" year="1949">Carrera 1949</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Artigas, JN" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Zoologica" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="199 - 260" title="The American genera of Asilidae (Diptera): Keys for identification with an atlas of female spermathecae and other morphological details. II. Key to the genera of Dasypogoninae Macquart, with descriptions of new genera and species and new synonymies." volume="52" year="1988">Artigas and Papavero 1988</bibRefCitation>
). The morphological study of the syntypes of this species revealed the lack of a spine on the prothoracic tibia, one of the most important characters to identify members of Dasypogoninae (
<bibRefCitation author="Hull, FM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 906" title="Robber Flies of the World: The Genera of the Family Asilidae." url="doi: 10.5479/si.03629236.224" volume="224" year="1962">Hull 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo," pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="217 - 274" title="Studies of Asilidae (Diptera) systematics and evolution. I. A preliminary classification in subfamilies." volume="23" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dikow, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 175" title="Phylogeny of Asilidae inferred from morphological characters of imagines (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea)." url="doi: 10.1206/603.1" volume="319" year="2009">Dikow 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the specimens studied have important characters that places them in the Laphriinae:
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="56" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
male with only six abdominal tergites visible dorsally, as defined by
<bibRefCitation author="Hull, FM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 906" title="Robber Flies of the World: The Genera of the Family Asilidae." url="doi: 10.5479/si.03629236.224" volume="224" year="1962">Hull (1962)</bibRefCitation>
, wings whit r1 open, apex of R2+3 arching sharply anteriorly in 90° angle and R4 strongly sinuate (
<bibRefCitation author="Dikow, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 175" title="Phylogeny of Asilidae inferred from morphological characters of imagines (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea)." url="doi: 10.1206/603.1" volume="319" year="2009">Dikow 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Among the genera of Laphriinae, the specimens show the diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Apoxyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyria" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apoxyria</taxonomicName>
: numerous long and slender apical scutellar setae, the face strongly pronounced, swollen hind femora, swollen and curved hind tibia, and terminalia with a large epandrium and short and obtuse hypandrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
At the moment, the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Apoxyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyria" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apoxyria</taxonomicName>
is known only from Brazil, now with three species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Apoxyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyria apicata" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicata">Apoxyria apicata</taxonomicName>
Schiner, 1866, Apoxyria americana Carrera, 1955 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Apoxyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyria hirtuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosa">Apoxyria hirtuosa</taxonomicName>
.There are insufficient data to determine their distributions in detail, because few specimens of this genus have been collected.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Figures 1-4.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Apoxyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyria hirtuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosa">Apoxyria hirtuosa</taxonomicName>
(Wiedemann, 1821) comb. n. 1 General lateral view of lectotype, male 2 General lateral view of paralectotype female 3 Frontal view of head of lectotype 4 Wing of lectotype. Scale = 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Figures 5-7. Terminalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Apoxyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apoxyria hirtuosa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtuosa">Apoxyria hirtuosa</taxonomicName>
(Wiedemann, 1821) comb. n., lectotype male. 5 Dorsal 6 Ventral 7 Lateral. Scale = 1mm. Abbeviations: apc proc goncxl-apical process gonocoxal; cerc- cercus; epand- epandrium; epand arm- epandrial arm; 1° proc goncxl-first gonocoxal process; goncx-gonocoxito; gonst-gonostylus; hypd-hypandrium; proc cerc- process cercal; ph-phallus; 2° proc goncxl- second process gonocoxal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>