162 lines
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162 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e6575bc-7fcf-4841-978e-f28c04f2fc48" ID-PMC="PMC5799731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-729-1" ID-PubMed="29416390" ID-ZBK="F54F5FF9F0B449C584A48E4BFC345B54" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-729-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 729" ModsDocTitle="Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia" checkinTime="1516128713382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="957472A33F0D9449B8FB18A184AB9805" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 729: 1-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 729" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" docTitle="Callogorgia galapagensis Cairns, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F21CD90F-41C8-4A0A-9B2B-6CF8E4E9E6A4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="C61C4B0C4A4A1107FFE4FFD0FFA7FFA3" masterDocTitle="Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668165308991" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>729</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-729-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F54F5FF9F0B449C584A48E4BFC345B54</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F54F5FF9F0B449C584A48E4BFC345B54</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="140348351" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F21CD90F-41C8-4A0A-9B2B-6CF8E4E9E6A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/957472A33F0D9449B8FB18A184AB9805" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F21CD90F-41C8-4A0A-9B2B-6CF8E4E9E6A4" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia galapagensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galapagensis">Callogorgia galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 2a, 5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Types. Holotype: JSL-I-1933, large colony and SEM stubs 2295-2297, 2308-2311, USNM 1161744. Paratypes: JSL-I-1915, partial colony, USNM 1161750; JSL-I-1930, partial colony, USNM 1161746; JSL-I-1934, 1 branch, USNM 1161745; JSL-I-1942, 1 branch, USNM 1161748.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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JSL-I-1933:
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.28453335">0°17.072'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-91.07014">91°04.208'W</geoCoordinate>
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(off northwest tip of Fernandina,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
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), 663-788 m deep.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Galápagos">Galapagos</normalizedToken>
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: Tagus Cove between Isabela and Fernandina, north of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Española">Espanola</normalizedToken>
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, 308-633 m deep; Cocos Island, 628-656 m deep.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Colonies are uniplanar and taller than broad, the holotype (Figure 2a) measuring 49 cm in height and 18 cm in width, with a broken basal branch diameter of 5.9 mm. Another colony fragment (JSL-I-1915) has a broken basal branch diameter of 8.9 mm, suggesting a colony height of close to 1 m. Branching is alternate pinnate (sympodial and geniculate), the terminal branchlets up to 13 cm in length. The polyps are arranged in whorls of five or six (Figure 5a); four to five whorls occur per cm branch length; the whorl diameter ranges from 2.5-3.1 mm. The polyps are 1.5-2.0 mm in length, slightly curved, and clavate (Figure 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–d">b-d</normalizedToken>
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). The color of the colony and polyps is white.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 2. Colonies of various species. a
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia galapagensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galapagensis">Callogorgia galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, USNM 1161744 b
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia kinoshitai" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kinoshitai">Callogorgia kinoshitai</taxonomicName>
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, Alb-3406, USNM 50960 c
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calyptrophora agassizii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agassizii">Calyptrophora agassizii</taxonomicName>
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, JSL-II-3108, USNM 1093041 d
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calyptrophora reedi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reedi">Calyptrophora reedi</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, USNM 1409027 e
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella ambigua" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambigua">Narella ambigua</taxonomicName>
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, JSL-I-1927, USNM 1297223.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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There are eight longitudinal rows of body wall scales, decreasing in number from ab- to adaxial polyp side, the body wall sclerite formula being: 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–12:10–12:4–">-12:10-12:4-</normalizedToken>
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5:2. The distal five or six pairs of abaxial scales (Figure 5f) are narrow (0.31-0.35 mm wide), each bearing four to seven prominent (up to 0.08 mm in height) longitudinal ridges that terminate as projections on the distal edge of the scale. More proximal abaxial body wall scales are broader (up to 0.48 mm) and flat, lacking radial ridges. The outer lateral body wall scales (Figure 5h) are sculpted similarly, the basal pairs being even wider than those on the abaxial face. The ridges of these distal scales are so tall and closely spaced that it is difficult to determine the lateral margins of the scales. The inner lateral body wall scales (Figure 5g) are even broader (up to 0.56 mm in width) and have a finely serrate distal edge. The two pairs of adaxial scales (Figure 5i) are small, only 0.22-0.25 mm in width, below which the polyp is naked (Figure 5c). At the junction of the lowest body wall scales and the branch coenenchymal sclerites is a pair of crescentric infrabasal scales (Figure 5j) that forms a transition, each about 0.6 mm wide and 0.25 mm in height. The distalmost body wall scales in each row fold over the operculum as a short circumoperculum (Figure 5c). The opercular scales (Figure 5e) range in length from 0.50-0.65 mm, decreasing in length from ab- to adaxial polyp side, forming a prominent operculum; their L:W ranges from 1.7-2.25. Their outer surface is covered with tall serrate ridges and their edges are finely serrate. Their inner face is tuberculate, the distal third bearing a multiply serrated keel. The coenenchymal sclerites (Figure 5k) are elongate (L:W = 5-6), thick sclerites, arranged parallel to the branch axis, measuring up to 0.8 mm in length and 0.13-0.14 m in width. Their outer surface is coarsely granular.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 3. Colonies of various species. a
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narella enigma" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="enigma">Narella enigma</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, USNM 1409703 b
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella abietina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abietina">Plumarella abietina</taxonomicName>
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, Alb-2818, USNM 49605 c
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Parastenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parastenella pomponiae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pomponiae">Parastenella pomponiae</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, USNM 1410289 d
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia scintillans" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="scintillans">Chrysogorgia scintillans</taxonomicName>
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, JSL-II-1927, USNM 89377 e
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia midas" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="midas">Chrysogorgia midas</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, USNM 1160575 f
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia laevorsa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laevorsa">Chrysogorgia laevorsa</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, USNM 1409029 g
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Isidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isidella tenuis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">Isidella tenuis</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, USNM 89382 h
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callozostron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callozostron carlottae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carlottae">Callozostron carlottae</taxonomicName>
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, NA64-77-01-A.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 4. Polyps and sclerites of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callozostron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callozostron carlottae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carlottae">Callozostron carlottae</taxonomicName>
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from NA64-77-01-A. a lateral stereo view of two polyp whorls
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–d">b-d</normalizedToken>
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lateral stereo views of three polyps showing spinose marginal and submarginal scales and non-spinose proximal body wall scales e opercular scales f lower, non-spinose body wall scales g wide base of marginal scales h spinose submarginal scales i marginal scales j coenenchymal scales.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Comparisons.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia galapagensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galapagensis">Callogorgia galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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belongs to a group of eight species that have highly cristate abaxial body wall scales, the other seven species listed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="NIWA Biodiversity Memoir" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 131" title="The Marine fauna of New Zealand: Primnoid octocorals (Anthozoa, Alcyonacea) Part 2. Primnoella, Callozostron, Metafannyella, Callogorgia, Fanellia and other genera." volume="129" year="2016">Cairns (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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, the Pacific component indicated in the key above by asterisks. The prominent ridges on these body wall scales often make it difficult to see the boundaries between adjacent rows of body wall scales.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia galapagensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galapagensis">Callogorgia galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the other seven species by its sclerite formula, being the only species to have 10-12 abaxial and outer lateral body wall scales. This character is not used in the key above, and thus
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. galapagensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="galapagensis">C. galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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keys closest to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sertosa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="sertosa">C. sertosa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tessellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="tessellata">C. tessellata</taxonomicName>
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, but can be distinguished by its unique sclerite formula.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 5. Polyps and sclerites of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia galapagensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galapagensis">Callogorgia galapagensis</taxonomicName>
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from the holotype, JSL-I-1933, USNM 1161744. a apical stereo view of polyp whorl
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–d">b-d</normalizedToken>
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abaxial, adaxial, and lateral stereo views of a polyp, respectively e opercular scales f abaxial body wall scales g inner lateral body wall scale h outer lateral body wall scales i adaxial body wall scales j infrabasal scales k coenenchymal scales.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Named for the type locality of the species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |