244 lines
34 KiB
XML
244 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ab1eb2c-b111-4af1-8c4c-15edd0627926" ID-PMC="PMC9848744" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1106-165" ID-Pensoft-UUID="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" ID-PubMed="36760822" ID-ZooBank="EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1106-165" checkinTime="1655840326526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Choo, Seohwi, Jeong, Man-Ki & Soh, Ho Young" docDate="2022" docId="927E8AAAA4EE50919FB568AAD13A5FD5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1106: 165-211" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1106" docPubDate="2022-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" docTitle="Krohnitta subtilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1732485457127" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F0AC2BE622170C9D8DE8D0C7A7117EB5">
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<mods:title id="F611B5E9E5A3624472F4D79F6C630090">Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CAFC1D21934FA5563522819BD18B933C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6146C2604EE8554783ACBCAED437CAE4">Choo, Seohwi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DA07C88DED9CC0CEC56AFD961DA4793">Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="61B1230FA9C1776BCC87402E6993D6DF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2FEA64903746CD5C50528B0485EF4ED7">Jeong, Man-Ki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B2CB56E5DC62F3A2487D567E374554D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-3797</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E0373F1DDFCEF506557B02B7DCFD0B5">Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0DC92F4F3E30A24EC0938698FF605EFF" type="email">jmgdeux@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4110D3540978D2B650040EC9BBE40DDF">Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F1758828C5E17150A74E51AFBCE9A28">Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea & Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5028C014E6029213D3863E07E394DF1B" type="email">hysoh@chonnam.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9B773209193759B981568BE376F4E366">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3B9C959985BEC9F89DA30CC126752C4D">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9D4C204834C535B8AF4F9422146A9B7C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D50D8D76B3D485A36F0F31E4955E30A7">2022-06-21</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AD0E9B125E5D24B87D28EC849191396F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="375856232A56195D9E5268CCC7877A71">1106</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="36946C0252410D9C7C960F36A595033A">165</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A68DE10280261CAB0F63D86B2AC37045">211</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="E8B811A324778208B682A45826957449">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3328206E22FE3451380C39AE9D05194B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="966AF6EE67FE19FF85EFBF597ABC1735" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4AEC6C6BF135F5724BC889A67C7910B7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1106-165</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="780258450C58FFF2919F4CF23D00C244" type="ZooBank">EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="927E8AAAA4EE50919FB568AAD13A5FD5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196097670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:927E8AAAA4EE50919FB568AAD13A5FD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/927E8AAAA4EE50919FB568AAD13A5FD5" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" scope_class="Sagittoidea" scope_family="Krohnittidae" scope_order="Aphragmophora" scope_phylum="Chaetognatha">
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<subSubSection id="04FC17BA61F6340EC283BC98F26261B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="87EC4D20EB4E6B8075E57ED3DD6B91F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="9635E12311CE82CAF36A09E1D67DE9DA" ID-CoL="6NPDY" LSID="927E8AAA-A4EE-5091-9FB5-68AAD13A5FD5" authority="(Grassi, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Grassi" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Sagittoidea" family="Krohnittidae" genus="Krohnitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krohnitta subtilis" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="subtilis">Krohnitta subtilis (Grassi, 1881)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FC117022B3F4C11C40226C4F1F1E540" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CBADE77832D9B9EB9C5C0A028CB06A83" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<figureCitation id="48B7ECB2EE34FD1D8A8A9EF040DCB8FC" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Appearance of body A transparent and flaccid body (Flaccisagitta enflata) B translucent body (Pterosagitta draco) C opaque and rigid body (Aidanosagitta crassa)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704187" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="11921F208D53C96CFB3E0C8ACB419E33" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Three families inhabiting Korean waters A Ferosagitta robusta (Sagittidae) B Pterosagitta draco; C Krohnitta subtilis (Krohnittidae). Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; CC = corona ciliata; COL = collarette; CF = caudal fin; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; LF = lateral fin; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle; VG = ventral ganglion." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704188" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 4C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="BDE1A5C25144FF1BDA89BF792345A5E6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Grasping spine A abruptly curved hooks (Krohnitta subtilis, Krohnittidae) B gently curved and not serrated hooks (Ferosagitta robusta, Sagittidae) C gently curved and serrated hooks (Serratosagitta pacifica, Sagittidae)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704192" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 8A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7954849F8844E9D60C4BBF81F0CBE9D6" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Number and shape of dentition A Ferosagitta robusta (two rows) B Krohnitta subtilis (one row)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704193" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 9B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="FD0E6F22A2ABD3E79EB337482E5470DB" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 11A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7634F7BC8B34F8C20886CF087B433DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="593F687B9A1F8998097D32DAB348DA07" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="94DDDB0D7AAACB89971CC25334C83C00" class="Sagittoidea" family="Krohnittidae" genus="Spadella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spadella subtilis" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="subtilis">Spadella subtilis</taxonomicName>
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: Grassi, 1883: 16 p., table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9064B5FE77B2B043CD9F545AAD9E13D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="EF680D403008649D8C8B6858F219CA14" class="Sagittoidea" family="Krohnittidae" genus="Krohnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krohnia subtilis" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="subtilis">Krohnia subtilis</taxonomicName>
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: Fowler, 1906: 25-26 p., figs 86-88;
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<bibRefCitation id="067E8EE5FA518CF7DE004D12D6F0F432" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1536091" author="Michael, E" journalOrPublisher="The Biological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="67 - 84" refId="B47" refString="Michael, E, 1908. Notes on the Identification of the Chaetognatha. The Biological Bulletin 15 (2): 67 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1536091" title="Notes on the Identification of the Chaetognatha." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1536091" volume="15" year="1908">Michael 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 269-270 p.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4F2D13AD5C75167D14F019A72EB7712" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D6E88D550389983AE4F5E0F1334BBD" baseAuthorityName="Grassi" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Sagittoidea" family="Krohnittidae" genus="Krohnitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krohnitta subtilis" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="subtilis">Krohnitta subtilis</taxonomicName>
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: Burfield & Harvey, 1926: 117 p., figs 45-50.;
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<bibRefCitation id="6A3E1A7BF447B096BBAF6C12C2A751BE" author="Thomson, JM" journalOrPublisher="Plankton Biology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B84" refString="Thomson, JM, 1947. The chaetognaths of Southeastern Australia. Bulletin of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Melbourne 222(14): l-43." title="The chaetognaths of Southeastern Australia. Bulletin of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Melbourne 222 (14): l- 43." year="1947">Thomson 1947</bibRefCitation>
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: 22 p.; Tokioka 1965: 352-353 p.;
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<bibRefCitation id="B4091F4430BA98E82ADB29D78907B61D" author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
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<normalizedToken id="EC7F0039D63F2EA01E80044123270A2B" originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
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1967
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 18-20 p., fig. 9 A-D;
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<bibRefCitation id="36CF0EC0F38646966298884B77728DE7" author="Srinivasan, M" journalOrPublisher="Technical Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B80" refString="Srinivasan, M, 1979. Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India. Technical Monograph 3: 1 - 47" title="Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India." volume="3" year="1979">Srinivasan 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 37-39 p., fig. 21 A-D;
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<bibRefCitation id="797C6E2B8513F9B4CAAA5F2192160C62" author="Michel, HB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B49" refString="Michel, HB, 1984. Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e25." title="Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e 25." year="1984">Michel 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 30 p., fig. 41;
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<bibRefCitation id="C7A411660301C1B12977D7B7223660BC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0802.07" author="McLelland, JA" journalOrPublisher="Gulf and Caribbean Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="145 - 172" refId="B46" refString="McLelland, JA, 1989. An illustrated key to the Chaetognatha of the northern Gulf of Mexico with notes on their distribution. Gulf and Caribbean Research 8 (2): 145 - 172, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0802.07" title="An illustrated key to the Chaetognatha of the northern Gulf of Mexico with notes on their distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0802.07" volume="8" year="1989">McLelland 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 158 p., fig. 5A-D;
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<bibRefCitation id="B2745D933B0B86B652C3CBA073E2A61B" author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="245 - 252" refId="B63" refString="Park, JS, Lee, SS, Kang, YS, Lee, BD, Hun, SH, 1990. The distributions of copepods and chaetognaths in the southern waters of Korea and their relationship to the characteristics of water masses. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 23 (3): 245 - 252" title="The distributions of copepods and chaetognaths in the southern waters of Korea and their relationship to the characteristics of water masses." volume="23" year="1990">Park et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 74-76 p., fig. 52.;
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<bibRefCitation id="15E80FF7B74BB46B3A58850FC81AD5DC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000701696260" author="Nair, VR" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="208 - 214" refId="B56" refString="Nair, VR, Panampunnayil, SU, Pillai, HU, Gireesh, R, 2008. Two new species of Chaetognatha from the Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean. Marine Biology Research 4 (3): 208 - 214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000701696260" title="Two new species of Chaetognatha from the Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000701696260" volume="4" year="2008">Nair et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 210 p., table 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AA0702B89925FF6D60F0CA4012BFB94" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A4E807ADB5AA488C76E75783C54183AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="61BC544574A4FEFEC51E779A916FFEA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<materialsCitation id="112B8C9792DB50BF3F13BFAB961F4AC7" collectingDate="2020-02" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" country="Korea" elevation="45" latitude="33.5" location="Strait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="125.9" municipality="northern East" specimenCount="one">
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<collectingCountry id="05B7F12B0B0AF16A21C1467ADD4B8EC2" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
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<location id="3D54D85202AEF6DEC6E3EABB098582A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:927E8AAAA4EE50919FB568AAD13A5FD5:3D54D85202AEF6DEC6E3EABB098582A1" country="Korea" latitude="33.5" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="125.9" municipality="northern East" name="Strait">Strait</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="25A01D62064E424D3666AFF429333E32" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="30.000" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.5">33°30.000'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8D5F5D5B9A58EBDDC040168C0233C14E" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="54.000" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="125.9">125°54.000'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="B755606A2F9DD7CACFD5457AF86D92DF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity id="D4376ACFBB173A44B2292DE2E53808C7" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="0.0">0-90 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingMethod id="6674F7BBDADE61634923B80C2C9A10E0">oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
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,
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<collectingDate id="C39A15A81DC945B197846679D076D993" value="2020-02">Feb 2020</collectingDate>
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, NIBRIV0000895313 (
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<specimenCount id="C2AE9328BD22AC6E8504AEE214C6792D" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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);
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<collectingMunicipality id="4E39847131F164B3B3F87E497FBF65EB">northern East</collectingMunicipality>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="470F08BA2313E29BF4CFC8363DDD3F03" collectingDate="2020-02" collectingMethod="oblique towing with conical net" country="China" elevation="55" latitude="33.0" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.0683" specimenCount="one">
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<collectingCountry id="A8F04F83C8B8DEF73A56C78C8E00859F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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<location id="42AF6868DE0F8B793A11E905C81FA849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:927E8AAAA4EE50919FB568AAD13A5FD5:42AF6868DE0F8B793A11E905C81FA849" country="China" latitude="33.0" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.0683" name="Sea">Sea</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EEFEAC3087905DB50848137AFD2DDBA5" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="00.000" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.0">33°00.000'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="AADE980F63A180CCA9A2CE90BF77A130" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="4.098" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="127.0683">127°4.098'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="E25244BCEDFCBF18DC6570539A5A1832" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="0.0">
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<quantity id="1CDD7E1FDBAC281B89DCDEFC858611DA" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="0.0">0-110 m</quantity>
|
|
depth
|
|
</elevation>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingMethod id="A6BDB57C107FB9729834EE048491C346">oblique towing with conical net</collectingMethod>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate id="170EBF21B2544C2CE360D997A9CBD525" value="2020-02">Feb 2020</collectingDate>
|
|
, NIBRIV0000895312 (
|
|
<specimenCount id="C252EDE7A9AA8B62D4DB5B820D1F16B1" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="4608E9BA825135C8D6A6BF845874E937" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="9F9961C329FE72692EF9D9BC1A529184" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D6EE830624DCFE13922E5E79D59A29ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Total body length ranged between 10.8 and 11.5 mm and tail 27.3-33.7% of body length. Hooks 8-10. Anterior teeth 14. Slender and transparent body (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2539D317D089F8F4CA9F74E11E80ECB4" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Small head. One row of stout teeth arranged in fan shape (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D90DAD1AE08514498AB54FDFD0BF9A41" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Number and shape of dentition A Ferosagitta robusta (two rows) B Krohnitta subtilis (one row)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704193" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">9B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Collarette and intestinal diverticula absent (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1EF3A3B834C5F90F7D1FEFE155AE33C9" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Grasping spine abruptly curved (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D2A5D0D499CE424A2AC3CF6F406595CB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Grasping spine A abruptly curved hooks (Krohnitta subtilis, Krohnittidae) B gently curved and not serrated hooks (Ferosagitta robusta, Sagittidae) C gently curved and serrated hooks (Serratosagitta pacifica, Sagittidae)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704192" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">8A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Round eyes with eye pigments in
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1A706DF175169C788B728DE20A53821D" originalValue="“E”">"E"</normalizedToken>
|
|
shape (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="043BB106EAECF3C984ECCD2560A5310E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Corona ciliata beginning in front of eyes with round shape (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="34E23BE8C175BBAE7E60ACDD039A99EC" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Lateral fins 29.4% of body length. Starting points of lateral fins 54.3% and ending points of lateral fins 82.2% of body length, respectively. One pair of lateral fins only rayed on outer edge, with forward ends equidistant from caudal septum (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="6EE825C096331A27024B391437A40712" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11A, E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Caudal fin roughly round in shape (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="453B9A11FC52C022C43764CC8EB821FC" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Seminal vesicles elongated with anterolateral-edge-opening touching both lateral fins and caudal fin (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="769B4A13677F12E5D88CCD830914BCDD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="F2E7AD11EA77F8CC9E5851D868D877F0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
|
<paragraph id="69215D35C115C7D2C131A3F788471ABE" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
|
|
<emphasis id="ECE3B9802CF7E6EE7F9E2993A7046A31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="DD44ECAF81FEDEA365EF0CE44151811D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4BBDA122351365AC66787D7136F1713A" baseAuthorityName="Grassi" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Sagittoidea" family="Krohnittidae" genus="Krohnitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krohnitta subtilis" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="subtilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="9EE81A70903B553F62E03DDC621048B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Krohnitta subtilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(dorsal view)
|
|
<emphasis id="CAA921D817C482AC30469D7EF38E286B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
|
|
head
|
|
<emphasis id="B1A89159864255CA4E609C32EE1A446E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
|
|
tail
|
|
<emphasis id="2FFD12B9AF3764B1E2AA50823DB54F07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">D</emphasis>
|
|
lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31A3BDD5414DC61126DDE8FF481ACDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="AEFEA5DCD4B73775D1512C1ABAE90B20" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BF6AD7B2F9583E36527E0EC31B87C706" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
|
|
This species is found in the epipelagic (0-200 m depth) and mesopelagic zones (200-500 m depth) of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9397DE81FE25133F07E65968D7BB3678" author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" editor="Bone, Q" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="86 - 116" refId="B70" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, Nair, VR, 1991. Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha. In: Bone, Q, Kapp, H, Pierrot-Bults, AC, Eds., The Biology of the Chaetognaths. Oxford Science Publications, New York: 86 - 116" title="Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha." volumeTitle="The Biology of the Chaetognaths." year="1991">Pierrot-Bults and Nair 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the Indian water (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="74D06253362B4EADA3315C3B12BCB9E4" author="George, PC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="657 - 689" refId="B28" refString="George, PC, 1952. A systematic account of the chaetognatha of the Indian coastal waters, with observations on their seasonal fluctuations along the Malabar Coast. Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India 18 (6): 657 - 689" title="A systematic account of the chaetognatha of the Indian coastal waters, with observations on their seasonal fluctuations along the Malabar Coast." volume="18" year="1952">George 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and the Tosa Bay in Japan (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B07B398DED64AF17C7F39245571917E4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" author="Ohnishi, T" journalOrPublisher="Plankton & Benthos Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="176 - 187" refId="B59" refString="Ohnishi, T, Ueda, H, Kuroda, K, 2014. Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan. Plankton & Benthos Research 9 (3): 176 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" title="Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" volume="9" year="2014">Ohnishi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), while in this study, it was found in the epipelagic zone (0-110 m depth) of the Korea Strait and northern East China Sea (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2E5CD86C8C24D4C6A329066C38F424D5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling stations in Korean waters. Empty circles, sampling stations; filled circles, the stations where the chaetognaths were secured." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704185" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">1</figureCitation>
|
|
: stations KS05 and nECS04).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="84367D466024D0E5682671479D7A21BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="1806A573D9F10FAAC76C30457E588F27" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FA7C2A017F8949A8D016FDF0562969A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
|
|
This cosmopolitan species can be found in tropical to temperate waters (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="037D5EAE4F51B5CD50D4C260412AE75E" author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C3A186A8C9C356A3EB9B02D932FA2756" originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
|
|
1967
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The temperature ranged between 16.40 and 16.41 °C and salinity was 34.58 psu at the sampling stations of this study.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="62BDB0BFD0C2AAC2B999EA1643B1D699" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="46C48EAC9A763BA2B38070E01624AF53" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="74FDD4C5A7722152208D357B4C784258" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
|
|
This species is clearly distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7DF3DD265B1024A88A332C9C14720B2C" class="Sagittoidea" family="Pterosagittidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. pacifica" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
|
<emphasis id="AD8696386FCB6EDEF9423A07AD7EB22F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">K. pacifica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the presence of a rayless zone in the lateral fin. Furthermore, the presence of a pair of lateral fins with a wide rayless zone and a fan-shaped dentition in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B1D88B2AA63FA615421A2EF863E968A3" class="Sagittoidea" family="Pterosagittidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. subtilis" order="Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="subtilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="93FB2205991D6E7CF5B2B4475C56343F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">K. subtilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
collected from Korean waters are consistent with the records of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="973DCFFF30D758D98A16CBCFE0A7CE40" author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="474AA91BE28D862E64DA78744CD84292" originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
|
|
(1967)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="17F626D47B46EC29471AF82B8E1AE2C5" author="Bieri, R" editor="Bone, Q" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="122 - 136" refId="B8" refString="Bieri, R, 1991. Systematics of the Chaetognatha. In: Bone, Q, Kapp, H, Pierrot-Bults, AC, Eds., The Biology of the Chaetognaths. Oxford Science Publications, New York: 122 - 136" title="Systematics of the Chaetognatha." volumeTitle="The Biology of the Chaetognaths." year="1991">Bieri (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. However, the location of the corona ciliata (in front of the eyes, Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="B209AD91541671C0A4146141C3FB45A3" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. A Krohnitta subtilis (dorsal view) B head C tail D lateral fin. Abbreviations: CC = corona ciliata; CF = caudal fin; COL = collarette; E = eye; GS = grasping spine; IN = intestine; LF = lateral fin; RLZ = Ray less zone; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704195" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">11C</figureCitation>
|
|
) of the species found in Korean waters was different from that of the previous records (located behind the eye). No specific pattern was observed through CBE staining on the body surface.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |