173 lines
15 KiB
XML
173 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="8904C5952B904B859DE133BB7A54776E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax splendidus Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="448F620A-EC1C-42BF-BB56-A92ABA2B1F8F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="212" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="210" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>544</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>407</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853588" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:448F620A-EC1C-42BF-BB56-A92ABA2B1F8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8904C5952B904B859DE133BB7A54776E" lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="209" pageNumber="210" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="209" pageNumber="210">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="209" pageNumber="210" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="209" pageNumber="210">
|
||
(087)
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/448F620A-EC1C-42BF-BB56-A92ABA2B1F8F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax splendidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="209" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Mecyclothorax splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="209" pageNumber="210">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 102C, 104C, 105C, 108, 109
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="210" pageNumber="211" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
Extremely similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax reiteratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reiteratus">Mecyclothorax reiteratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with bisetose pronotum and elytral humeri nearly as narrow; MEW/HuW = 2.39-2.49. The discal elytral intervals are more convex than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax reiteratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reiteratus">Mecyclothorax reiteratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 102
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and the pronotal lateral margins are slightly more convergent before the hind angles; lateral margin convergent for 0.12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
pronotal length. The dorsal microsculpture is more developed on beetles of this species, with the pronotal median base bearing a distinct isodiametric mesh across its width, and the elytral disc with a well-developed isodiametric mesh. The configuration of the male aedeagal median lobe is the best arbiter for identification, with the rounded lobe apex more or less symmetrically expanded dorsoventrally in males of this species, even given the infraspecific variation present in this structure (Fig. 108), versus a median lobe apex with a dorsal "crochet hook" expansion in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax reiteratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reiteratus">Mecyclothorax reiteratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 107). Setal formula 2 1 2 0(1)[sae]; the subapical elytral seta is most commonly absent, but present in rare instances. Standardized body length 4.4-5.3 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
Figure 108. Male aedeagus,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax splendidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Mecyclothorax splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right and ventral views (Waikamoi, 1525 m) C Right view, sac everted (Honomanu, 1800 m) D Right view (New Greensword Bog, 1850 m)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
Right view, sac everted E (Midcamp Bog, 1665 m) F (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Helele‘ike‘oha">Helele'ike'oha</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1615 m) G Right view (Kīpahulu, 1200 m) H Right view, sac everted (Kaumakani, 1127 m) I Right view (ESE Kuiki, 2145 m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
(n = 5). [The above description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax reiteratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reiteratus">Mecyclothorax reiteratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
can serve to describe this species with the following substitutions.] Head with well-developed eyes, ocular ratio = 1.58-1.67, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.90. Pronotum appearing longer than broad, but MPW/PL = 1.04-1.10, base moderately constricted, MPW/BPW = 1.46-1.54; median longitudinal impression finely incised, broadened on median base, crossed by moderately deep transverse wrinkles; anterior transverse impression shallow, broad, surface obscured by deep, dense longitudinal wrinkles; apical pronotal width slightly greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.02-1.05. Microsculpture of vertex an indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length, cuticle glossy in part; elytral apex with evident isodiametric microsculpture; metasternum with shallow transverse lines to transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
Male genitalia (n = 18). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.7×">-4.7x</normalizedToken>
|
||
depth at midlength (Fig. 108A,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–I">C-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
); apex extended 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
|
||
depth beyond ostial opening, slightly expanded dorsoventrally at rounded tip; in ventral view, median lobe slightly curved rightward in apical half, the right and left margins convergent to rounded tip (Fig. 108B); internal sac with broad 1-part (Fig. 108E), or 2-3-part (Fig. 108F, H) dorsal ostial microtrichial patch on right side at base, a transverse band of macrospicules on left side of sac base also present in some individuals (Fig. 108H), ventral sac surface covered with shaggy pelage of microsetae; flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.44×">-0.44x</normalizedToken>
|
||
parameral articulation-tip distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, elongate, apex rounded, length 1.03 mm, rounded apex breadth 0.50 mm, basal breadth 0.32 mm (Fig. 104C); bursal walls translucent, apex thinly wrinkled, base more thickly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 6 apical fringe setae, a thick seta at medioapical angle and 5-6 setae along medial surface (Fig. 105C); gonocoxite 2 broadly subtriangular, tip subacuminate, base broadly extended laterally, 2 elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.70
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
gonocoxite length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI:Maui Haleakala N.P. / Kipahulu Vy. Central / Pali Tr. 1200 m el. / 29-IV-1991 beating / vegetation at night // J.K. Liebherr / A.C. Medeiros, Jr. collectors // HOLOTYPE /
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="splendidus" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" rank="species" species="splendidus">splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">108 specimens (see Appendix).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
Though hardly unique in its splendidness, this species is given the adjectival epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="splendidus" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" rank="species" species="splendidus">splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
to carry the flag for all species of this hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation that evolved in splendid isolation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simpson, GG" journalOrPublisher="Yale University Press, New Haven" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" title="Splendid Isolation: the Curious History of South American Mammals" year="1980">Simpson 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zevon, W" journalOrPublisher="Virgin Records America, Hollywood, CA" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" title="Splendid Isolation. Transverse City" year="1989">Zevon 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="distribution and habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax splendidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Mecyclothorax splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a broad, bipartite distribution that includes the Waikamoi forest plus most of the windward face of Maui, including
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hanawī">Hanawī</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hāna">Hana</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bogs,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
|
||
Valley, and the Manawainui Planeze (Fig. 109). Localities range from 915-2145 m elevation. Recorded forest plant substrates are predomi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="211" pageNumber="212" start="start">nantly</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but other recorded plants include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium menziesii" order="Cyatheales" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Cibotium menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="hāpu‘u">hapu'u</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dubautia" order="Asterales" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dubautia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(kupoao),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine" order="Ericales" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrsine</taxonomicName>
|
||
(kolea), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pipturus" order="Rosales" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pipturus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="māmaki">mamaki</normalizedToken>
|
||
). This species has been repeatedly collected by sifting humus, leaf litter, and moss.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
|
||
Figure 109. Recorded geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax splendidus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Mecyclothorax splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |