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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFEC8A0AF8B7FA74F4D6CB66" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus refulgens K. Andersen 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="24" lastPageNumber="314" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="314" updateTime="1662494444684" updateUser="felipe">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>280</mods:start>
<mods:end>332</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3809014" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163549941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3809014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFEC8A0AF8B7FA74F4D6CB66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFEC8A0AF8B7FA74F4D6CB66" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<subSubSection box="[1915,2625,1493,1554]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1913,3250,1493,1605]" box="[1915,2625,1493,1554]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<figureCitation box="[1915,1986,1493,1554]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[175,218,4332,4359]" captionTargetBox="[136,3490,134,4724]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758605/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">73</figureCitation>
. Glossy Horseshoe
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2529,2625,1493,1554]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Bat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[2689,3250,1493,1554]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1913,3250,1493,1605]" box="[2689,3250,1493,1554]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2689,3250,1493,1554]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">
<emphasis box="[2689,3250,1493,1554]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophus refulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1914,3159,1573,1600]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1913,3250,1493,1605]" box="[1914,3159,1573,1600]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
French: Rhinolophe irisé /
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2271,2395,1573,1600]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">German:</emphasis>
Glänzende
<emphasis box="[2556,2740,1573,1600]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Hufeisennase</emphasis>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2767,2891,1573,1600]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Spanish:</emphasis>
Herradura
<emphasis box="[3045,3159,1573,1600]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">iriscente</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="35.[2733,3540,1674,2243]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
Taxonomy.
<taxonomicName authority="K Andersen, 1905" authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">
<emphasis box="[2976,3371,1674,1713]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophus refulgens</emphasis>
K Andersen, 1905
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="35.[2733,3540,1674,2243]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
“
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597533973" country="Malaysia" location="Malay Peninsula" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Perak" typeStatus="type">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFEC8A0AF8B7FA74F4D6CB66:052E606FFFEC8A0AF405F91EF284DF85" box="[3017,3329,1727,1766]" name="Malay Peninsula" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" stateProvince="Perak">Malay Peninsula</location>
:
<collectingRegion box="[3350,3461,1727,1766]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Perak</collectingRegion>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFEC8A0AF8B7FA74F4D6CB66:052E606FFFEC8A0AF257F91EF4ACDE79" name="Selangor" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" stateProvince="Perak">Selangor</location>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2865,2879,1779,1818]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">”</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="35.[2733,3540,1674,2243]" lastBlockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2736,3119,1833,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">
<emphasis box="[2736,3119,1833,1872]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophus refulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included in the
<emphasis box="[3479,3540,1833,1872]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis box="[2737,2827,1886,1925]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">pusillus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
species group. It was
<emphasis box="[3248,3404,1886,1925]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">recently</emphasis>
elevated to species status based on genetic data. Although
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2939,3154,1991,2030]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">
<emphasis box="[2939,3154,1991,2030]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R. refulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1844" box="[3269,3456,1991,2030]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis box="[3269,3456,1991,2030]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R. lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphometrically very similar, the genetic divergence between them is higher than that found
<emphasis box="[2971,3130,2151,2190]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">between</emphasis>
other sister species of
<emphasis box="[2789,3015,2204,2243]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<taxonomicName box="[2789,3010,2204,2243]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolophus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The most recent phylogenetic study has placed
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2345,2551,2255,2294]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">
<emphasis box="[2345,2551,2255,2294]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R refulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1844" box="[2771,2948,2255,2294]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis box="[2771,2948,2255,2294]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R. lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry box="[3061,3225,2255,2294]" name="Vietnam" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[3326,3528,2255,2294]" name="Cambodia" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
. The taxon
<emphasis box="[2128,2281,2308,2347]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">cuneatus</emphasis>
is tentatively treated as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[3041,3250,2308,2347]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">
<emphasis box="[3041,3250,2308,2347]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R. refulgens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the Sumatran specimen has not been comprehensively compared to
<emphasis box="[3066,3225,2361,2400]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[3066,3220,2361,2400]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">refulgens</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Two subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="synonymic_list">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3750052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3750052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3750052/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" targetBox="[1909,2704,1677,2235]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" box="[1911,2450,2467,2506]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
Subspecies
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2131,2450,2467,2506]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<taxonomicName authority="K. Andersen, 1905" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1911,2505,2520,2559]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="refulgens">
.
<emphasis box="[1964,2150,2520,2559]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">r. refulgens</emphasis>
K. Andersen, 1905
</taxonomicName>
- Malay Peninsula and
<collectingCountry box="[2956,3153,2520,2559]" name="Singapore" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, along with Tarutao and Tioman Is.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" box="[1911,2789,2626,2666]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<taxonomicName authority="K. Andersen, 1918" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[1911,2507,2626,2666]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="cuneatus">
<emphasis box="[1911,1966,2626,2666]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R.</emphasis>
r.
<emphasis box="[1998,2159,2626,2665]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">cuneatus</emphasis>
K.Andersen, 1918
</taxonomicName>
- E
<collectingRegion box="[2620,2783,2626,2665]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
Descriptive
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2138,2250,2677,2716]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 37-2-51-
<quantity box="[2664,2775,2677,2716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, tail 14-6-22-
<quantity box="[3032,3148,2677,2716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, ear 12-3-17-
<quantity box="[3410,3524,2677,2716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot 5-3-7-
<quantity box="[2208,2329,2729,2768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
, forearm 36-6—42-
<quantity box="[2689,2805,2729,2768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
;
<emphasis box="[2828,2957,2729,2768]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">weight</emphasis>
4—7-
<quantity box="[3052,3118,2729,2768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="g" value="2.0">2 g</quantity>
. Dorsal pelage varies between very dark brown and bright foxy red (hairs with paler tip, giving the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jones" authorityYear="1940" box="[3355,3416,2784,2823]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Fur" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">fur</taxonomicName>
glossy appearance) whereas ventral pelage is wood brown or drab. Ears are small or mediumsized. Noseleaf has slightly concave lancet and has
<emphasis box="[2917,3052,2890,2929]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">bluntly</emphasis>
pointed tip; connecting process is triangular with rounded tip; sella is narrow and
<emphasis box="[3068,3200,2944,2983]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">usually</emphasis>
parallel-sided or slightly convex; horseshoe is
<emphasis box="[2449,2619,2996,3035]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">relatively</emphasis>
wide and does not cover whole muzzle, has wide median emargination, and secondary leaflets are present. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is generally similar to that of Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat (Ä
<emphasis box="[3238,3370,3102,3141]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">lepidus')</emphasis>
but can be distinguished based on broader supraorbital region, with poorly defined supraorbital ridges.
<emphasis box="[2106,2136,3207,3246]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">C</emphasis>
1 is
<emphasis box="[2198,2424,3207,3246]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">only slightly</emphasis>
higher than P4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1909,2061,3261,3300]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Habitat.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[2078,2208,3261,3300]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Mainly</emphasis>
found in mature lowland and hill rainforest, as well as primary and
<emphasis box="[1909,2102,3314,3353]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">secondary</emphasis>
rainforest in
<collectingCountry box="[2356,2553,3314,3353]" name="Singapore" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1909,2090,3366,3405]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Food and</emphasis>
Feeding.
<emphasis box="[2275,2395,3366,3405]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Glossy</emphasis>
Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous. These bats are maneuverable and able to forage in areas with cluttered vegetation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
Breeding. In
<collectingCountry box="[2156,2319,3472,3511]" name="Malaysia" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, pregnant females were captured in all months except February, June, andJuly. Pregnant females were most
<emphasis box="[2724,2927,3525,3564]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">commonly</emphasis>
reported with a single fetus, but some have two embryos. Lactating females have been reported in May, June, andJuly. These data suggest that the species may breed year-round.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1906,2227,3683,3722]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Glossy Horseshoe Bat is generally thought to be nocturnal, but on Tioman Island,
<collectingCountry box="[2271,2434,3736,3775]" name="Malaysia" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, the
<emphasis box="[2526,2659,3736,3775]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">species</emphasis>
has been observed foraging throughout both day and night. This atypical diurnal foraging
<emphasis box="[2791,2870,3788,3827]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">may</emphasis>
be attributed to the lack of
<emphasis box="[3430,3529,3788,3827]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">avian</emphasis>
predators hunting under the forest canopy, where the species normally forages. On Tioman Island, individuals were reported roosting in
<emphasis box="[2907,3063,3894,3933]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">coconut</emphasis>
palms, and in
<collectingCountry box="[3333,3530,3894,3933]" name="Singapore" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Singapore</collectingCountry>
they roosted in caves;
<emphasis box="[2335,2415,3947,3986]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">they</emphasis>
roost in caves and rock crevices on the mainland. Search call shape is a FM/CF/FM with a peak F reported at 98-6-105-2 kHz in males and 100-7-104-1 kHz in females. Peak frequencies in
<collectingCountry box="[2823,3018,4049,4088]" name="Singapore" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Singapore</collectingCountry>
were reported at 97-8 kHz, with a duration of 28-4 milliseconds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis box="[1907,2130,4158,4197]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Movements</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2149,2591,4158,4197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Home range and Social</emphasis>
organization. The
<emphasis box="[2948,3068,4158,4197]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Glossy</emphasis>
Horseshoe Bat roosts in colonies, with up to 300 individuals reported on Tioman Island and
<quantity box="[3193,3310,4210,4249]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="in" value="350.0">350 in</quantity>
<collectingCountry box="[3321,3520,4210,4249]" name="Singapore" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1908,2111,4263,4302]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Status and</emphasis>
Conservation. Not assessed as a separate
<emphasis box="[2942,3075,4263,4302]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">species</emphasis>
on
<emphasis box="[3167,3232,4263,4302]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">The</emphasis>
IUCN
<emphasis box="[3368,3527,4263,4302]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">ed List,</emphasis>
where it is included under Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat as Least Concern. The Glossy Horseshoe Bat has a relatively limited distribution, as
<emphasis box="[2824,2998,4367,4406]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">currently</emphasis>
known; within this range it is
<emphasis box="[1948,2048,4421,4460]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">likely</emphasis>
to be threatened by habitat destruction, as it is
<emphasis box="[2962,3132,4421,4460]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">relatively</emphasis>
restricted to mature lowland forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="35.[1901,3535,2255,4613]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1908,2114,4533,4560]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Chua &amp; Aziz (2018),
<emphasis box="[2436,2584,4533,4560]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Dejtaradol</emphasis>
(2009), Kingston
<emphasis box="[2856,2886,4533,4560]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">et</emphasis>
al. (2006), Leong &amp; Lim (2009),
<emphasis box="[3385,3438,4533,4560]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Lim</emphasis>
et
<emphasis box="[3495,3525,4533,4560]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">al.</emphasis>
(1999),
<emphasis box="[2018,2099,4586,4613]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Pottie</emphasis>
et al. (2005), Soisook et al. (2016),
<emphasis box="[2613,2754,4586,4613]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Tingga et</emphasis>
al. (2012).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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