treatments-xml/data/84/83/26/848326E2530B559890E43FC63E4AE4D7.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280" ID-GBIF-Dataset="04bd8732-61ef-4c14-a6f8-f18af3fb1fb8" ID-PMC="PMC8178296" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1040-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="49A82ACB65155AC6B1E59E540B3CD8FD" ID-PubMed="34135658" ID-ZooBank="E593F4D8450E4D1AAF0E1CD2BBB04905" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1040-123" checkinTime="1622233195602" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Palatov, Dmitry M., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Vasanth, M. &amp; Jacobus, Luke M." docDate="2021" docId="848326E2530B559890E43FC63E4AE4D7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1040: 123-166" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1040" docPubDate="2021-05-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280" docTitle="Cincticostella sp. A" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="49A82ACB65155AC6B1E59E540B3CD8FD" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="49A82ACB65155AC6B1E59E540B3CD8FD" masterDocTitle="Overview of Indian and Nepali representatives of the Cincticostella nigra (Ueno, 1928) complex (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae), with discussion about Cincticostella Allen, 1971 species complexes" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1668152784966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Overview of Indian and Nepali representatives of the Cincticostella nigra (Ueno, 1928) complex (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae), with discussion about Cincticostella Allen, 1971 species complexes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Martynov, Alexander V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-5134</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bohdan Khmelnytsky str., 15, 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">centroptilum@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Selvakumar, C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai- 625011, Tamil Nadu, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Palatov, Dmitry M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, 33, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Subramanian, K. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai- 600028, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Flat 3, Gokulam Apartments, No. 7, Gokulam Colony, West Mambalam, Chennai- 600 033, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vasanth, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai- 600028, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jacobus, Luke M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7201-3922</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Columbus, Columbus, Indiana, 47203, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-05-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1040</mods:number>
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<mods:start>123</mods:start>
<mods:end>166</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1040-123</mods:identifier>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="multiple">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182408869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:848326E2530B559890E43FC63E4AE4D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/848326E2530B559890E43FC63E4AE4D7" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName LSID="848326E2-530B-5598-90E4-3FC63E4AE4D7" authority="sp. A" authorityName="sp. A" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cincticostella sp. A</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Immature larva: (i) genae moderately developed, rounded; (ii) anteromedian emargination of labrum shallow (labrum height in emargination/maximum labrum height ratio - 0.85); (iii) maxillary palp well-developed; (iv) segment III of maxillary palp, thin, elongated, rounded apically; (v) group of 13-16 setae different-sized, stout, hair-like situated on surface of galea-lacinia near base; (vi) prothoracic anterolateral projections small; (vii) mesothoracic anterolateral projections well-developed, subparallel to lateral aspect of body, not notched; (viii) surface of thorax covered with scattered short, thin, hair-like setae and few scale sockets and very short rounded scales with feathered margins in some of them; few waved and hooked setae cover mainly wing pads; (ix) dorsal surface of fore femur with sparse, transverse row of mainly long, stout setae with slightly convergent margins and bifurcated apices; (x) tarsal claw with one large denticle and several subapical setae; (xi) pairs of pointed projections present on abdominal terga II-IX; those on terga V-VIII strongest; those on tergum IX moderately developed, rounded apically.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Nepal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Two middle larval instars (body length 5.5-6.5 mm; caudal filaments length 5.2-5.3 mm) of this operational taxonomic unit (OTU) were collected in Nepal in 2014. However, the poor material and absence of late larval instars do not allow us to describe a new species adequately. We hope that this account will facilitate discovery of additional material of this OTU.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
Larvae of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. A inhabit cold, moderate flowing springs with stones, gravel and clumps of moss. Larvae were collected from such a spring (up 1.3 m wide) in medium high mountains, on the southern slope of the Great Himalayan Range. This was a small, lotic waterbody with relatively low water temperature (10 °C in sampling period), average current velocity (0.2-0.6 m/s), mosaic bottom and a low degree of anthropogenic pressure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-01-27" collectorName="Chertoprud M. V., Marinskiy V. V., IN Nepa, Cinsp" country="Nepal" elevation="2000" latitude="28.365" location="Tolka-Lambruk Road" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="83.831665" municipality="Kaski District" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Gandaki Zone">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<collectingCountry name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
(one on slide 634), 
<collectingRegion country="Nepal" name="Gandaki">Gandaki Zone</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Kaski District</collectingMunicipality>
, stream at the 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:848326E2530B559890E43FC63E4AE4D7:5E12A7844A7EF8146D3B94EE20EADFF1" country="Nepal" latitude="28.365" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="83.831665" municipality="Kaski District" name="Tolka-Lambruk Road" stateProvince="Gandaki Zone">Tolka-Lambruk Road</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="28.365000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.365">28.365000°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="83.831667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="83.831665">83.831667°E</geoCoordinate>
, h ~ 
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate value="2014-01-27">27.i.2014</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>Chertoprud M.V.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Marinskiy V.V.</collectorName>
leg. - 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<collectorName>IN Nepa</collectorName>
1 
<collectorName>Cinsp</collectorName>
</emphasis>
[NMNH NASU]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="cincticostella of india and southern limit of the genus distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of India and southern limit of the genus distribution
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
To date, nine species of the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from India: 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Xie, Jia, Chen, Jacobus &amp; Zhou, 2009; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. braaschi" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="braaschi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. braaschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jacobus &amp; McCafferty, 2008; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. changfai" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="changfai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. changfai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov &amp; Palatov, sp. nov.; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. funki" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="funki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. funki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov &amp; Vasanth sp. nov.; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Allen, 1975); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Allen, 1971); 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ranga" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="ranga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. ranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Selvakumar &amp; Subramanian, 2019; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. richardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="richardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. richardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov &amp; Palatov, 2019 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. wangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="wangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. wangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Selvakumar, Martynov &amp; Subramanian, sp. nov. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" author="Martynov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="147 - 179" refId="B13" refString="Martynov, AV, Selvakumar, C, Subramanian, KA, Sivaramakrishnan, KG, Chandra, K, Palatov, DM, Sinha, B, Jacobus, LM, 2019. Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" title="Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" volume="4551" year="2019">Martynov et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
, new data). Distribution of the species within India falls within the Himalayan Region. In all known cases, the species inhabit coldwater streams and rivers with significant current velocity and coarse substrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
Overall, only three of all known species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur at latitudes that are more southern than the Himalayan Region, namely 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. femorata" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. femorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The southernmost records of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from Thailand, where the species inhabits coldwater flows in northern upland region of the country (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" author="Martynov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="147 - 179" refId="B13" refString="Martynov, AV, Selvakumar, C, Subramanian, KA, Sivaramakrishnan, KG, Chandra, K, Palatov, DM, Sinha, B, Jacobus, LM, 2019. Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" title="Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" volume="4551" year="2019">Martynov et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tshernova" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella femorata" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella femorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits similar waterbodies in the Region (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" author="Martynov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="147 - 179" refId="B13" refString="Martynov, AV, Selvakumar, C, Subramanian, KA, Sivaramakrishnan, KG, Chandra, K, Palatov, DM, Sinha, B, Jacobus, LM, 2019. Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" title="Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" volume="4551" year="2019">Martynov et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" author="Zheng, X" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B18" refString="Zheng, X, Zhou, C, 2021. First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" title="First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" year="2021">Zheng and Zhou 2021</bibRefCitation>
). However, this species and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
penetrate southwards in Thailand, where they would seem to prefer warmer biotopes (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation author="Gose, K" journalOrPublisher="Nature and Life Science in Southeast Asia" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B6" refString="Gose, K, 1969. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Thailand. Nature and Life Science in Southeast Asia 6: 125 - 138" title="Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Thailand." volume="6" year="1969">Gose 1969</bibRefCitation>
). These records form the southern border of the genus distribution at about 12.6°N latitude.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="123" type="species complexes in cincticostella">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
Species complexes in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises at least 21 valid species (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Systematic structure of Cincticostella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B6E54CF31B50679DE033CDD1024D4CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" tableUuid="B6E54CF31B50679DE033CDD1024D4CF4">2</tableCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" author="Jacobus, LM" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B9" refString="Jacobus, LM, McCafferty, WP, 2008. Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134(1-2): 185-274. https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" title="Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134 (1 - 2): 185 - 274." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Jacobus and McCafferty 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.5" author="Xie, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="53 - 61" refId="B16" refString="Xie, H, Jia, Y, Chen, P, Jacobus, LM, Zhou, C, 2009. Two new Cincticostella species from China with a larval key to species of the genus (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Zootaxa 2299: 53 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.5" title="Two new Cincticostella species from China with a larval key to species of the genus (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.5" volume="2299" year="2009">Xie et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" author="Martynov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="147 - 179" refId="B13" refString="Martynov, AV, Selvakumar, C, Subramanian, KA, Sivaramakrishnan, KG, Chandra, K, Palatov, DM, Sinha, B, Jacobus, LM, 2019. Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" title="Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" volume="4551" year="2019">Martynov et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50597" author="Auychinda, C" journalOrPublisher="Alpine Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="129 - 138" refId="B3" refString="Auychinda, C, Muranyi, D, Li, W, Sartori, M, Gattolliat, J-L, 2020. A new species of Cincticostella (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) from China. Alpine Entomology 4: 129 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50597" title="A new species of Cincticostella (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50597" volume="4" year="2020">Auychinda et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; new data), but it remains poorly investigated. For the vast majority of species, only the larval stage is known - as is the case for all representatives of the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, except for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. femorata" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. femorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" author="Zhang, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="277 - 285" refId="B17" refString="Zhang, W, Han, N, Zhang, M, Wang, Y-F, Zhou, C-F, 2020. The imaginal and detailed nymphal characters of Cincticostella fusca (Kang &amp; Yang, 1995) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Zootaxa 4729 (2): 277 - 285, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" title="The imaginal and detailed nymphal characters of Cincticostella fusca (Kang &amp; Yang, 1995) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" volume="4729" year="2020">Zhang et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" author="Zheng, X" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B18" refString="Zheng, X, Zhou, C, 2021. First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" title="First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" year="2021">Zheng and Zhou 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, RK" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="16 - 22" refId="B1" refString="Allen, RK, 1975. Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 16 - 22" title="Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." volume="51" year="1975">Allen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
divided all representatives of the genus into two species groups, based on larval characters: the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Uéno" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella nigra" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group and the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella insolta" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, RK" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="16 - 22" refId="B1" refString="Allen, RK, 1975. Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 16 - 22" title="Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." volume="51" year="1975">Allen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, representatives of the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Uéno" baseAuthorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella nigra" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group lack head tubercles and their middle and hind pairs of femora are narrow, not enlarged and the margins are without serration; the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella insolta" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group was characterised by possessing suboccipital head tubercles and the middle and hind pairs of femora being enlarged with serrated margins and/or protuberances. Later, the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella insolta" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group was designated as the separate subgenus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella (Rhionella)" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhionella">Cincticostella Rhionella</taxonomicName>
Allen, 1980; all other species, including 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, were placed in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.str. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3066-0_6" author="Allen, RK" editor="Flannagan, JF" journalOrPublisher="Plenum, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="71 - 91" refId="B2" refString="Allen, RK, 1980. Geographic distribution and reclassification of the subfamily Ephemerellinae (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). In: Flannagan, JF, Marshall, KE, Eds., Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology. Plenum, New York: 71 - 91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3066-0_6" title="Geographic distribution and reclassification of the subfamily Ephemerellinae (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3066-0_6" volumeTitle="Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology." year="1980">Allen 1980</bibRefCitation>
). In the revision of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klapalek" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephemerellidae</taxonomicName>
genera, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Rhionella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhionella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Rhionella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was strictly synonymised with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" author="Jacobus, LM" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B9" refString="Jacobus, LM, McCafferty, WP, 2008. Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134(1-2): 185-274. https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" title="Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134 (1 - 2): 185 - 274." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Jacobus and McCafferty 2008</bibRefCitation>
), based on the position of its type species within the tree of other 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (fig. 94 in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" author="Jacobus, LM" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B9" refString="Jacobus, LM, McCafferty, WP, 2008. Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134(1-2): 185-274. https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" title="Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134 (1 - 2): 185 - 274." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Jacobus and McCafferty 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
In light of the several new species described since 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" author="Jacobus, LM" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B9" refString="Jacobus, LM, McCafferty, WP, 2008. Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134(1-2): 185-274. https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" title="Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134 (1 - 2): 185 - 274." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Jacobus and McCafferty (2008)</bibRefCitation>
revised the generic classification of the group and considering possible polyphyly, we re-evaluated the larval morphology of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species for understanding the difference of complexes and expediency of their designation; available material and literature data were used for this analysis (
<bibRefCitation author="Tshernova, OA" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="229 - 360" refId="B15" refString="Tshernova, OA, 1952. Mayflies of the Amur River Basin and nearby waters and their role in the nutrition of Amur fishes. Trudy Amur. ichtiol. exped., Vol.3. [&quot;Materialy k poznaniyu flory i fauny SSSR, izdavaemye Moskovskim obschestvom ispytateley priridy&quot;] (N.S.) 32 (47): 229 - 360" title="Mayflies of the Amur River Basin and nearby waters and their role in the nutrition of Amur fishes. Trudy Amur. ichtiol. exped., Vol. 3. [&quot; Materialy k poznaniyu flory i fauny SSSR, izdavaemye Moskovskim obschestvom ispytateley priridy &quot;] (N. S." volume="32" year="1952">Tshernova 1952</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, RK" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="16 - 22" refId="B1" refString="Allen, RK, 1975. Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 16 - 22" title="Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." volume="51" year="1975">Allen 1975</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Dresden)" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="85 - 88" refId="B4" refString="Braasch, D, 1981. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ephemerellidae des Himalaya (Ephemeroptera). Reichenbachia (Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden) 19 (15): 85 - 88" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ephemerellidae des Himalaya (Ephemeroptera). Reichenbachia (Staatl. Mus. Tierk." volume="19" year="1981">Braasch 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Kang, SC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="95 - 116" refId="B10" refString="Kang, SC, Yang, CT, 1995. Ephemerellidae of Taiwan (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). Bulletin of National Museum of Natural Science 5: 95 - 116" title="Ephemerellidae of Taiwan (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)." volume="5" year="1995">Kang and Yang 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.311" author="Ishiwata, S-I" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="311 - 346" refId="B8" refString="Ishiwata, S-I, 2003. A revision of the genus Cincticostella (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) from Japan. Species Diversity 8 (4): 311 - 346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.311" title="A revision of the genus Cincticostella (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.311" volume="8" year="2003">Ishiwata 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" author="Jacobus, LM" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B9" refString="Jacobus, LM, McCafferty, WP, 2008. Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134(1-2): 185-274. https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" title="Revision of Ephemerellidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 134 (1 - 2): 185 - 274." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2008)134[185:ROEGE]2.0.CO;2" year="2008">Jacobus and McCafferty 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.5" author="Xie, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="53 - 61" refId="B16" refString="Xie, H, Jia, Y, Chen, P, Jacobus, LM, Zhou, C, 2009. Two new Cincticostella species from China with a larval key to species of the genus (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Zootaxa 2299: 53 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.5" title="Two new Cincticostella species from China with a larval key to species of the genus (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2299.1.5" volume="2299" year="2009">Xie et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" author="Martynov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="147 - 179" refId="B13" refString="Martynov, AV, Selvakumar, C, Subramanian, KA, Sivaramakrishnan, KG, Chandra, K, Palatov, DM, Sinha, B, Jacobus, LM, 2019. Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" title="Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2" volume="4551" year="2019">Martynov et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50597" author="Auychinda, C" journalOrPublisher="Alpine Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="129 - 138" refId="B3" refString="Auychinda, C, Muranyi, D, Li, W, Sartori, M, Gattolliat, J-L, 2020. A new species of Cincticostella (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) from China. Alpine Entomology 4: 129 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50597" title="A new species of Cincticostella (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.50597" volume="4" year="2020">Auychinda et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" author="Zhang, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="277 - 285" refId="B17" refString="Zhang, W, Han, N, Zhang, M, Wang, Y-F, Zhou, C-F, 2020. The imaginal and detailed nymphal characters of Cincticostella fusca (Kang &amp; Yang, 1995) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Zootaxa 4729 (2): 277 - 285, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" title="The imaginal and detailed nymphal characters of Cincticostella fusca (Kang &amp; Yang, 1995) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" volume="4729" year="2020">Zhang et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" author="Zheng, X" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B18" refString="Zheng, X, Zhou, C, 2021. First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" title="First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" year="2021">Zheng and Zhou 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
Based on our research, we conclude that the establishment of the discussed complexes was for expediency. In fact, the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complexes are more distanced morphologically from each other than previously thought (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, RK" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="16 - 22" refId="B1" refString="Allen, RK, 1975. Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 16 - 22" title="Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." volume="51" year="1975">Allen 1975</bibRefCitation>
), based on our new distinguishing characters (see characters 3-10 in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing larval characters of Cincticostella species complexes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BF89C6D9D2842BB8CCDAC3C37D1D7DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" tableUuid="4BF89C6D9D2842BB8CCDAC3C37D1D7DD">1</tableCitation>
, below). All but one species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly fit into the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complexes as here defined; only 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a combination of characters that does not completely fit into any of these two complexes. Therefore, the monotypic 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex is proposed herein (Tables 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing larval characters of Cincticostella species complexes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BF89C6D9D2842BB8CCDAC3C37D1D7DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" tableUuid="4BF89C6D9D2842BB8CCDAC3C37D1D7DD">1</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Systematic structure of Cincticostella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B6E54CF31B50679DE033CDD1024D4CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" tableUuid="B6E54CF31B50679DE033CDD1024D4CF4">2</tableCitation>
). We acknowledge possible paraphyly of the other complexes.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="4BF89C6D9D2842BB8CCDAC3C37D1D7DD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BF89C6D9D2842BB8CCDAC3C37D1D7DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Table 1.</emphasis>
Distinguishing larval characters of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complexes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Two pairs of suboccipital tubercles</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Serration of margins of middle and hind femora</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent*</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Presence of numerous large, rounded, scale sockets on body surface</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Rate of anterolateral emargination of labrum</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">shallow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">from shallow to deep</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">moderate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Maxillary palp</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">reduced, articulations of segments not distinct, especially between segments I and II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">mainly well-developed, articulations of all segments distinct**</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Segments I and II of labial palp</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">relatively narrow, elongated</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Stout setae on outer margin of fore femur</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">several stout setae only</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">numerous stout setae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">several stout setae only</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Stout setae on dorsal surface of middle and hind femora</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent or up to several stout setae in basal area</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">surface with numerous stout setae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Shape of hind femur</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">strongly or moderately widened</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">moderately widened</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">moderately widened</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">Stout setae on dorsal surface of abdominal terga and paired projections</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">absent</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<tableNote pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Notes</emphasis>
: * 
<bibRefCitation author="Gose, K" journalOrPublisher="Nature and Life Science in Southeast Asia" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B6" refString="Gose, K, 1969. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Thailand. Nature and Life Science in Southeast Asia 6: 125 - 138" title="Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Thailand." volume="6" year="1969">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gose’s">Gose's</normalizedToken>
(1969
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 50 and 51) text and illustrations, which became the basis for the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
description (
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, RK" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="16 - 22" refId="B1" refString="Allen, RK, 1975. Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 51: 16 - 22" title="Ephemerella (Cincticostella): A revision of the nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." volume="51" year="1975">Allen 1975</bibRefCitation>
), indicate that the outer margins of middle and hind femora have distinct serration; however, all specimens investigated by us (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Larva of Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) A fore femur B middle femur C hind femur D tarsal claw E-H gills III-VI." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/548959" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">15B, C</figureCitation>
) lacked distinct serrations on the femora. **According to 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.311" author="Ishiwata, S-I" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="311 - 346" refId="B8" refString="Ishiwata, S-I, 2003. A revision of the genus Cincticostella (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) from Japan. Species Diversity 8 (4): 311 - 346, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.311" title="A revision of the genus Cincticostella (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) from Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.8.311" volume="8" year="2003">Ishiwata (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Japan have the maxillary palp reduced, but with distinct articulations of segments; specimens studied by us from Russia (Primorsky Krai) had the maxillary palp reduced, without distinct articulations.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
The following morphological features place 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closer to the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex than to the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex: presence of numerous large, rounded, scale sockets on body surface, absence of maxillary palp (this character state may prove to be related to significant reduction of the maxillary palp, including reduction of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="segments’">segments'</normalizedToken>
articulations), number of stout setae on the outer margin of the fore femur and absence of numerous stout setae on dorsal surfaces of the middle and hind femora, complete absence of stout setae on dorsal surfaces of abdominal terga and paired projections.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="B6E54CF31B50679DE033CDD1024D4CF4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B6E54CF31B50679DE033CDD1024D4CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Table 2.</emphasis>
Systematic structure of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bifurcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Xie, Jia, Chen, Jacobus &amp; Zhou, 2009
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="13">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="gosei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. gosei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Allen, 1975)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. changfai" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="changfai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. changfai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov &amp; Palatov, sp. nov.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. braaschi" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="braaschi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. braaschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jacobus &amp; McCafferty, 2008
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. colossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="colossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. colossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kang &amp; Yang, 1995
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. femorata" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="femorata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. femorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tshernova, 1972)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. corpulenta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="corpulenta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. corpulenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Braasch, 1981)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. insolta" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="insolta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. insolta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Allen, 1971)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. elongatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="elongatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. elongatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(McLachlan, 1875)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ranga" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="ranga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. ranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Selvakumar &amp; Subramanian, 2019
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. funki" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="funki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. funki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov &amp; Vasanth sp. nov.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. richardi" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="richardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. richardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov &amp; Palatov, 2019
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fusca" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kang &amp; Yang, 1995
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sivaramakrishnani" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="sivaramakrishnani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. sivaramakrishnani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov &amp; Palatov, 2019
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. levanidovae" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="levanidovae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. levanidovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tshernova, 1952)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="6">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tornata" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="tornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. tornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Auychinda &amp; Gattolliat, 2020
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nigra" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uéno">Ueno</normalizedToken>
, 1928)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tshernova, 1952)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. shinichii" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="shinichii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. shinichii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martynov &amp; Palatov, sp. nov.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. szechuanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="szechuanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. szechuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Xie, Jia, Chen, Jacobus &amp; Zhou, 2009
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. wangi" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="wangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">C. wangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Selvakumar, Martynov &amp; Subramanian, sp. nov.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. A
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="123">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1991.1.2" author="Ogden, TH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="28 - 42" refId="B14" refString="Ogden, TH, Osborne, JT, Jacobus, LM, Whiting, MF, 2009. Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Ephemerellinae (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera), with remarks about classification. Zootaxa 1991: 28 - 42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1991.1.2" title="Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Ephemerellinae (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera), with remarks about classification." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1991.1.2" volume="1991" year="2009">Ogden et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
included only two species from this genus in their combined evidence for phylogenetic analyses of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klapalek" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephemerellidae</taxonomicName>
. Further investigation of imaginal characters after new stage associations (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" author="Zhang, W" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" pagination="277 - 285" refId="B17" refString="Zhang, W, Han, N, Zhang, M, Wang, Y-F, Zhou, C-F, 2020. The imaginal and detailed nymphal characters of Cincticostella fusca (Kang &amp; Yang, 1995) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Zootaxa 4729 (2): 277 - 285, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" title="The imaginal and detailed nymphal characters of Cincticostella fusca (Kang &amp; Yang, 1995) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.2.8" volume="4729" year="2020">Zhang et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" author="Zheng, X" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" refId="B18" refString="Zheng, X, Zhou, C, 2021. First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" title="First detailed description of adults and nymph of Cincticostella femorata (Tshernova, 1972) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Aquatic Insects." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2020.1871026" year="2021">Zheng and Zhou 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and molecular investigation (Martynov, in progress) will help to better understand the structure and relationships of species in the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephemerellidae" genus="Cincticostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cincticostella" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="123">Cincticostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>