410 lines
41 KiB
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410 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dfd903c1-7bec-41be-9dc1-4acb129ce00e" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-647-67" ID-ZBK="80483F136B92468AB4CC5AD347ACD66F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-647-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 647" ModsDocTitle="A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)" checkinTime="1485645065564" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Loni, Augusto & Lucchi, Andrea" docDate="2017" docId="7EE55862353473EDD6F9AA78BD0D0127" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 647: 67-100" docOrigin="ZooKeys 647" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098" docTitle="Phytomyptera nigrina Pn" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="FF95AC3BFFAEFFF0FFBEFFC25B35347E" masterDocTitle="A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1662235851137" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of insect parasitoids associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) in Italy. 1. DipteraTachinidae and HymenopteraBraconidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Loni, Augusto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lucchi, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>647</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>100</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.647.11098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-647-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">80483F136B92468AB4CC5AD347ACD66F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">80483F136B92468AB4CC5AD347ACD66F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127882487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7EE55862353473EDD6F9AA78BD0D0127" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EE55862353473EDD6F9AA78BD0D0127" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName authority="Meigen, 1824) (Pn" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nigrina" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrina">Phytomyptera nigrina (Meigen, 1824) (Pn)</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nigrina" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrina">Phytomyptera nigrina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Laccone, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Facolta di Agraria dell'Universita di Bari" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" pagination="717 - 746" title="Prove di lotta contro Lobesiabotrana (Schiff.) (Lepid. - Tortricidae) e determinazione della soglia economica sulle uve da tavola in Puglia." volume="30" year="1978">Laccone 1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nuzzaci, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica" pageId="23" pageNumber="90" pagination="47 - 52" title="Notes on the biocenosis in Puglia of Lobesia (Polychrosis) botrana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) exclusive to Daphnegnidium L." volume="17" year="1982">Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Luciano, P" journalOrPublisher="Atti XV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, L'Aquila" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="543 - 548" title="Osservazioni sulle popolazioni di Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) su Daphnegnidium L. in Sardegna." volume="1988" year="1988">Luciano et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" title="Observations sur les facteurs limitants naturels des vers de la grappe." volume="15" year="1992">
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Marchesini and Dalla
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Montà">Monta</normalizedToken>
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1992
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Informatore Fitopatologico" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="3 - 10" title="I nemici naturali della tignoletta dell'uva nei vigneti del Veneto." volume="48" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Coscolla, R" journalOrPublisher="Generalitat Valenciana, Consejerfa de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, Valencia, Spain" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" title="La polilla del racimo de la vid (Lobesiabotrana Den. y Schiff.)." year="1997">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Coscollá">Coscolla</normalizedToken>
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1997
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Colombera, S" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="91 - 96" title="Comparison between the parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana and Eupoeciliaambiguella in conventional and integrated vineyards." volume="24" year="2001">Colombera et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Baur, H" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 71" title="Determination list of entomophagous insects Nr. 14." volume="28" year="2005">Baur 2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bologna" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="10 - 16" title="I limitatori naturali delle tignole nell'agroecosistema Vigneto." volumeTitle="Atti del convegno su " La difesa della vite dalla tignoletta "" year="2006">Marchesini et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bagnoli, B" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="139 - 142" title="Parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) in Tuscany." volume="29" year="2006">Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, M" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="87 - 97" title="Suitability of European Diptera Tachinid parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermuller) and Eupoeciliaambiguella (Hubner) (LepidopteraTortricidae) for introduction against grape berry moth, Paralobesiaviteana (Clemens) (LepidopteraTortricidae), in North America." volume="89" year="2006">Martinez et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cerretti, P" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde A (Neue Serie)" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="305 - 340" title="Annotated host catalogue for the Tachinidae (Diptera) of Italy." volume="3" year="2010">Cerretti and Tschorsnig 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera unicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Phytomyptera unicolor</taxonomicName>
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Rond.:
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<bibRefCitation author="Del Guercio, G" journalOrPublisher="Nuove Relazioni della R. Stazione di Entomologia agraria di Firenze, Serie Prima" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" pagination="117 - 193" title="Delle tortrici della fauna italiana specialmente nocive alle piante coltivate." volume="1" year="1899">Del Guercio 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nitidiventris" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidiventris">Phytomyptera nitidiventris</taxonomicName>
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Rond.:
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<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri, F" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, Portici" pageId="24" pageNumber="91" pagination="246 - 307" title="Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi e dei loro simbionti. III. La Tignoletta dell'uva (Polychrosisbotrana Schiff.) con un cenno sulla Tignola dell'uva (Conchylisambiguella Hb.)." volume="6" year="1912">Silvestri 1912</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Catoni, G" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Entomologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="248 - 259" title="Die Traubenwickler (Polychrosisbotrana Schiff. und Conchylisambiguella Huebn.) und ihre natuerlichen Feinde in Suedtyrol." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1914.tb01129.x" volume="1" year="1914">Catoni 1914</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Leonardi, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Scuola superiore di Agricoltura di Portici" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" pagination="81 - 301" title="Elenco delle specie di Insetti dannosi e dei loro parassiti ricordati in Italia fino all'anno 1911. Parte II. Ord. Lepidoptera." volume="19 - 20" year="1925">Leonardi 1925</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Boselli, F" journalOrPublisher="Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria, R. Istituto Superiore Agrario, Portici" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 265" title="Elenco delle specie d'insetti dannosi e loro parassiti ricordati in Italia dal 1911 al 1925" year="1928">Boselli 1928</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Stellwaag, F" journalOrPublisher="Verlagsbuchhandlung Paul Parey, Berlin" pageId="24" pageNumber="91" title="Die Weinbauinsekten der Kulturlaender, Lehr- und Handbuch." year="1928">Stellwaag 1928</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Thompson, WR" journalOrPublisher="Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux" pageId="25" pageNumber="92" title="A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pest" year="1943 - 1972">Thompson 1946</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nitidiventris var. unicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nitidiventris" variety="unicolor">Phytomyptera nitidiventris var. unicolor</taxonomicName>
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Rond.:
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<bibRefCitation author="Leonardi, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Scuola superiore di Agricoltura di Portici" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" pagination="81 - 301" title="Elenco delle specie di Insetti dannosi e dei loro parassiti ricordati in Italia fino all'anno 1911. Parte II. Ord. Lepidoptera." volume="19 - 20" year="1925">Leonardi 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phytomyptera</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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<bibRefCitation author="Moleas, T" journalOrPublisher="Informatore Fitopatologico" pageId="23" pageNumber="90" pagination="8 - 11" title="Lotta alle tignole della vite da tavola nell'Italia meridionale." volume="45" year="1995">Moleas 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Coscolla, R" journalOrPublisher="Generalitat Valenciana, Consejerfa de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, Valencia, Spain" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" title="La polilla del racimo de la vid (Lobesiabotrana Den. y Schiff.)." year="1997">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Coscollá">Coscolla</normalizedToken>
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1997
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Apulia:
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<bibRefCitation author="Nuzzaci, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica" pageId="23" pageNumber="90" pagination="47 - 52" title="Notes on the biocenosis in Puglia of Lobesia (Polychrosis) botrana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) exclusive to Daphnegnidium L." volume="17" year="1982">Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Laccone, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Facolta di Agraria dell'Universita di Bari" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" pagination="717 - 746" title="Prove di lotta contro Lobesiabotrana (Schiff.) (Lepid. - Tortricidae) e determinazione della soglia economica sulle uve da tavola in Puglia." volume="30" year="1978">Laccone 1978</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Campania:
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<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri, F" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, Portici" pageId="24" pageNumber="91" pagination="246 - 307" title="Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi e dei loro simbionti. III. La Tignoletta dell'uva (Polychrosisbotrana Schiff.) con un cenno sulla Tignola dell'uva (Conchylisambiguella Hb.)." volume="6" year="1912">Silvestri 1912</bibRefCitation>
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(Portici, Nola)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Piedmont:
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<bibRefCitation author="Colombera, S" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="91 - 96" title="Comparison between the parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana and Eupoeciliaambiguella in conventional and integrated vineyards." volume="24" year="2001">Colombera et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Baur, H" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 71" title="Determination list of entomophagous insects Nr. 14." volume="28" year="2005">Baur 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Sardinia:
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<bibRefCitation author="Luciano, P" journalOrPublisher="Atti XV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, L'Aquila" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="543 - 548" title="Osservazioni sulle popolazioni di Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) su Daphnegnidium L. in Sardegna." volume="1988" year="1988">Luciano et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Tuscany:
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<bibRefCitation author="Del Guercio, G" journalOrPublisher="Nuove Relazioni della R. Stazione di Entomologia agraria di Firenze, Serie Prima" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" pagination="117 - 193" title="Delle tortrici della fauna italiana specialmente nocive alle piante coltivate." volume="1" year="1899">Del Guercio 1899</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bagnoli, B" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="139 - 142" title="Parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) in Tuscany." volume="29" year="2006">Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Scaramozzino et al. (in press)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Umbria:
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<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri, F" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, Portici" pageId="24" pageNumber="91" pagination="246 - 307" title="Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi e dei loro simbionti. III. La Tignoletta dell'uva (Polychrosisbotrana Schiff.) con un cenno sulla Tignola dell'uva (Conchylisambiguella Hb.)." volume="6" year="1912">Silvestri 1912</bibRefCitation>
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(Bevagna)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Veneto:
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" title="Observations sur les facteurs limitants naturels des vers de la grappe." volume="15" year="1992">
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Marchesini and Dalla
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Montà">Monta</normalizedToken>
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1992
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Informatore Fitopatologico" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="3 - 10" title="I nemici naturali della tignoletta dell'uva nei vigneti del Veneto." volume="48" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bologna" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="10 - 16" title="I limitatori naturali delle tignole nell'agroecosistema Vigneto." volumeTitle="Atti del convegno su " La difesa della vite dalla tignoletta "" year="2006">Marchesini et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Emilia-Romagna:
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<bibRefCitation author="Baur, H" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 71" title="Determination list of entomophagous insects Nr. 14." volume="28" year="2005">Baur 2005</bibRefCitation>
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(Bologna, leg. Campadelli)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">North Central and South Europe, Russia North West, Ukraine (Fauna Europaea)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Host range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Larval endophagous koinobiont parasitoid,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nigrina" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrina">Phytomyptera nigrina</taxonomicName>
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(see Tab. 3) recurs very often in all researches conducted in Italy on parasitoids of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Lobesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lobesia botrana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botrana">Lobesia botrana</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
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Table 3.
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|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nigrina" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrina">Phytomyptera nigrina</taxonomicName>
|
|
: percentages of parasitism on the European Grapevine Moth reported in Italy by different authors.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<table pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">Author/s, publication year</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">Italian Region</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">Host plant</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">Year</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
1
|
|
<sup pageId="8" pageNumber="75">st</sup>
|
|
generation (antophagous)
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
2
|
|
<sup pageId="8" pageNumber="75">nd</sup>
|
|
generation (carpophagous)
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
3
|
|
<sup pageId="8" pageNumber="75">rd</sup>
|
|
generation (carpophagous)
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Colombera, S" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="91 - 96" title="Comparison between the parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana and Eupoeciliaambiguella in conventional and integrated vineyards." volume="24" year="2001">Colombera et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Colombera, S" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="91 - 96" title="Comparison between the parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana and Eupoeciliaambiguella in conventional and integrated vineyards." volume="24" year="2001">Colombera et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Laccone, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Facolta di Agraria dell'Universita di Bari" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" pagination="717 - 746" title="Prove di lotta contro Lobesiabotrana (Schiff.) (Lepid. - Tortricidae) e determinazione della soglia economica sulle uve da tavola in Puglia." volume="30" year="1978">Laccone 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">Marchesini et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">Marchesini et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">Marchesini et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">Marchesini et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">Marchesini et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">Marchesini et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">Marchesini et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bologna" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="10 - 16" title="I limitatori naturali delle tignole nell'agroecosistema Vigneto." volumeTitle="Atti del convegno su " La difesa della vite dalla tignoletta "" year="2006">Marchesini et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bologna" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="10 - 16" title="I limitatori naturali delle tignole nell'agroecosistema Vigneto." volumeTitle="Atti del convegno su " La difesa della vite dalla tignoletta "" year="2006">Marchesini et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bologna" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="10 - 16" title="I limitatori naturali delle tignole nell'agroecosistema Vigneto." volumeTitle="Atti del convegno su " La difesa della vite dalla tignoletta "" year="2006">Marchesini et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nuzzaci, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica" pageId="23" pageNumber="90" pagination="47 - 52" title="Notes on the biocenosis in Puglia of Lobesia (Polychrosis) botrana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) exclusive to Daphnegnidium L." volume="17" year="1982">Nuzzacci and Triggiani 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Daphne gnidium" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gnidium">Daphne gnidium</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Luciano, P" journalOrPublisher="Atti XV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, L'Aquila" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="543 - 548" title="Osservazioni sulle popolazioni di Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) su Daphnegnidium L. in Sardegna." volume="1988" year="1988">Luciano et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Daphne gnidium" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gnidium">Daphne gnidium</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
This insect is associated to 29 species of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ichneumonoidea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Pterophoridae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Pterophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Sesiidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Sesiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Yponomeutidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Yponomeutidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and various genera and species of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tortricidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, included
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eupoecilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eupoecilia ambiguella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguella">Eupoecilia ambiguella</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
Among the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tachinidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
living on the vine moths, Pn shows the lowest number of hosts. For more details, see
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, M" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="87 - 97" title="Suitability of European Diptera Tachinid parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermuller) and Eupoeciliaambiguella (Hubner) (LepidopteraTortricidae) for introduction against grape berry moth, Paralobesiaviteana (Clemens) (LepidopteraTortricidae), in North America." volume="89" year="2006">Martinez et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and with regard to the hosts reported in Italy see
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Cerretti, P" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde A (Neue Serie)" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="305 - 340" title="Annotated host catalogue for the Tachinidae (Diptera) of Italy." volume="3" year="2010">Cerretti and Tschorsnig (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. As known, Pn larva hatches from an egg placed on the integument of the victim and, once actively penetrated, consumes its internal organs and kills it (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bagnoli, B" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="139 - 142" title="Parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) in Tuscany." volume="29" year="2006">Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The existence of the puparium inside the host cocoon tight to the skin of the larva is a distinctive character for the species (Fig. 2F). Though Pn plays an important role in the natural control of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Lobesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lobesia botrana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botrana">Lobesia botrana</taxonomicName>
|
|
, especially reducing the summer population (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bagnoli, B" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="139 - 142" title="Parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) in Tuscany." volume="29" year="2006">Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Thiery, D" journalOrPublisher="The Tachinid Times" pageId="24" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 4" title="Phytomypteranigrina (Meigen), a parasite of first generation European grapevine moth larvae in several vineyards in the Roussillon area." volume="19" year="2006">Thiery et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), it was not considered suitable for the control of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Paralobesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralobesia viteana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viteana">Paralobesia viteana</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the US, because of its relatively low host specificity, the low rate of parasitism reported in nature, and, referring in general to
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tachinidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, due to previous experiences of unsuccessful releases (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, M" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="87 - 97" title="Suitability of European Diptera Tachinid parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermuller) and Eupoeciliaambiguella (Hubner) (LepidopteraTortricidae) for introduction against grape berry moth, Paralobesiaviteana (Clemens) (LepidopteraTortricidae), in North America." volume="89" year="2006">Martinez et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
Figure 2.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nigrina" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrina">Phytomyptera nigrina</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Meigen, 1824), female. A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head and anterior part of thorax, dorsal view D head, lateral view E wing F opened puparium tight to the skin of the EGVM dead larva.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="75" type="ecological role">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Ecological role.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
Its importance as parasitoid depends on the host generation; indeed, various authors found that the parasitism rates are more generally related to the EGVM antophagous generation on grapevine: in this case they can overcome 25% of parasitism rate, both on grapevine in Apulia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Laccone, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Facolta di Agraria dell'Universita di Bari" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" pagination="717 - 746" title="Prove di lotta contro Lobesiabotrana (Schiff.) (Lepid. - Tortricidae) e determinazione della soglia economica sulle uve da tavola in Puglia." volume="30" year="1978">Laccone 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and on
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Daphne gnidium" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gnidium">Daphne gnidium</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Sardinia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Luciano, P" journalOrPublisher="Atti XV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, L'Aquila" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="543 - 548" title="Osservazioni sulle popolazioni di Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) su Daphnegnidium L. in Sardegna." volume="1988" year="1988">Luciano et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (see table 2). In Tuscany,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phytomyptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytomyptera nigrina" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrina">Phytomyptera nigrina</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Pn) was mostly found in the vineyards of the medium and lower Arno valley, especially on larvae of the anthophagous generation (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bagnoli, B" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" pagination="139 - 142" title="Parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) in Tuscany." volume="29" year="2006">Bagnoli and Lucchi 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In the natural reserve of San Rossore (Pisa), during several years of investigation carried out on
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Daphne gnidium" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gnidium">Daphne gnidium</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a single specimen of Pn was obtained from EGVM larvae of the second generation, collected in late July 2014 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Scaramozzino et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), in contrast to observations carried out on the same host plant by other authors (see Table 3), whereas
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Actia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actia pilipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilipennis">Actia pilipennis</taxonomicName>
|
|
was more frequent in our case.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
In Piedmont, Pn reached on the first generation of EGVM and EGBM, in two successive years, significant parasitization rates (17.3 and 6.5%), but it was virtually absent (only two individuals obtained) in the second overwintering generation (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Colombera, S" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="91 - 96" title="Comparison between the parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana and Eupoeciliaambiguella in conventional and integrated vineyards." volume="24" year="2001">Colombera et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Silvestri, F" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, Portici" pageId="24" pageNumber="91" pagination="246 - 307" title="Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi e dei loro simbionti. III. La Tignoletta dell'uva (Polychrosisbotrana Schiff.) con un cenno sulla Tignola dell'uva (Conchylisambiguella Hb.)." volume="6" year="1912">Silvestri (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
collected Pn from June to mid-October,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nuzzaci, G" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica" pageId="23" pageNumber="90" pagination="47 - 52" title="Notes on the biocenosis in Puglia of Lobesia (Polychrosis) botrana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) exclusive to Daphnegnidium L." volume="17" year="1982">Nuzzaci and Triggiani (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
cited it as the more frequent parasitoid on
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Daphne gnidium" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gnidium">Daphne gnidium</taxonomicName>
|
|
in summer, with parasitism rates close to 30%.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Laccone, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali della Facolta di Agraria dell'Universita di Bari" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" pagination="717 - 746" title="Prove di lotta contro Lobesiabotrana (Schiff.) (Lepid. - Tortricidae) e determinazione della soglia economica sulle uve da tavola in Puglia." volume="30" year="1978">Laccone (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
obtained Pn also in the second generation, with significant parasitization rates (from 11.4 to 14.7%). In Veneto, parasitization levels detected for this species were very low in the first generation (0.36 and 0.64%;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria, Bachicoltura e Sericoltura II" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 230" title="Observations on natural enemies of Lobesiabotrana (Den. & Schiff.) (LepidopteraTortricidae) in Venetian vineyards." volume="26" year="1994">
|
|
Marchesini and Dalla
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montà">Monta</normalizedToken>
|
|
1994
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), slightly higher, but with a significant 14.6%, in the second generation (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marchesini, E" journalOrPublisher="Bologna" pageId="22" pageNumber="89" pagination="10 - 16" title="I limitatori naturali delle tignole nell'agroecosistema Vigneto." volumeTitle="Atti del convegno su " La difesa della vite dalla tignoletta "" year="2006">Marchesini et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
|
|
In France,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Thiery, D" journalOrPublisher="The Tachinid Times" pageId="24" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 4" title="Phytomypteranigrina (Meigen), a parasite of first generation European grapevine moth larvae in several vineyards in the Roussillon area." volume="19" year="2006">Thiery et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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found Pn on the first generation of EGVM; they reported parasitization rates ranging from 5.2 to 41.2%. Pn has not been detected for the moment on EGVM overwintering generation, apart from what has been reported in the work of
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<bibRefCitation author="Colombera, S" journalOrPublisher="IOBC / WPRS Bulletin" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="91 - 96" title="Comparison between the parasitoids of Lobesiabotrana and Eupoeciliaambiguella in conventional and integrated vineyards." volume="24" year="2001">Colombera et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |