261 lines
45 KiB
XML
261 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="D175C1B9EB1E8E707C5DBD8B30CDEB89" ID-CLB-Dataset="53617" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5125.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="289bec22-1397-48e1-b0f8-a59fe6da73fe" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6420356" ID-ZooBank="B821DD6C-B803-4A27-806E-DD2ADC2238C7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649314291665" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia, Nakahara, Shinichi, Kabir, Jamal, Shellman, Brooke, Tejeira, Rafael, Ccahuana, Rodrigo & Gallice, Geoffrey" docDate="2022" docId="5E07C56AE85BA57C5C8E54BEFABEA1A0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5125.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Splendeuptychia furina" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="A23EBD12E853A5765C195540FFEEA175" masterDocTitle="Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1699319515162" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A63E649188DC908C322AC4D900DFC95D">Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53E4D0408322EC18104255D59301ACE4">Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="46444E9D4757A96957CE81B5C8626F5A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0182-4194</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A97DB620CBD845BF3066E1F26A99E38B">Universidad Nacional Amazonica de Madre de Dios, Av. Jorge Chávez 1160, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios 17000, Perú corahuaespinoza 29 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0182 - 4194 & Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0FFCAF2B9764F2BEF6C14DA7928078A5" type="email">corahuaespinoza29@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5DCAFFF3EAE3F1F428C10EA55DACCCE3">Nakahara, Shinichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A331BF5BCF2420F5AC417B4DEBE2D1A6">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14 - 0434 Lima- 14, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B8EFE318522A99828F2112CF9A3D0FF8">Kabir, Jamal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="211F588C82326D516FED18A8E337A23F">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5DF87324CA3679796165C12E3FE06A54">Shellman, Brooke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34D330621B75FF90295B5DE6566EB081">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & Department of Biology, St. Joseph’s College, Patchogue, NY 11772, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="48633425DAFDA99DC2BBABEFF48E1D96">Tejeira, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="50D6283CD036AC7D9917D0761FF9D68D">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco 08000, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BA715AD27080B6C32BA5C12ADE3C04D5">Ccahuana, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F13799D83C59EB7B631ED99159D28E7">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco 08000, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CC9CB62D7259DBB9850F2B8EA6A3C894">Gallice, Geoffrey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="42C5816B582F6A74A2D5BB410BBA158C">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="34DEBE1B175D3B8C54B7D9FF7B02A061">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7C36C5DBF075A96D2B5386207E1208F3">
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<mods:date id="F89765BE95BB3DD49D4B2D238484C7EC">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E8FBC597496F144CD24EA186CFFE1DA2">2022-04-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="34792C0AE8D8574CDD6FC112C35CB590">5125</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FDE48013A2CD3B881E277DA135BEC6AE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C0D3D6EC3705994062148014E6B78738" type="CLB-Dataset">53617</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5F03ED61B7BF8A7EB5B2376841A98E0F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5125.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="98D178384DDBCE8F5BD740D70A313DD2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5E07C56AE85BA57C5C8E54BEFABEA1A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420364" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194471763" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6420364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E07C56AE85BA57C5C8E54BEFABEA1A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E07C56AE85BA57C5C8E54BEFABEA1A0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="9EB427F7E85BA57E5C8E54BEFBA2A348" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57E5C8E54BEFD63A36D" blockId="8.[151,1100,510,573]" box="[151,653,510,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="8D59C310E85BA57E5C8E54BEFD63A36D" bold="true" box="[151,653,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85BA57E5C8E54BEFD63A36D" ID-CoL="4Z9DV" authority="(Hewitson, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,653,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furina">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5C8E54BEFD63A36D" bold="true" box="[151,653,510,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5C8E54BEFE5AA36D" bold="true" box="[151,436,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Splendeuptychia furina</emphasis>
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(Hewitson, 1862)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57E5C8E5763FBA2A348" blockId="8.[151,1100,510,573]" box="[151,1100,546,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">(2020-FLP-IMM-0073; 2021-FLP-IMM-0316, 0467, 0553, 0554, 0556, 0557, 0558)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9EB427F7E85BA57F5C8E572BFEF9A668" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57E5C8E572BFC37A3DC" blockId="8.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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As indicated in
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<tableCitation id="9B2C41C7E85BA57E5D54572BFE4FA3F0" box="[333,417,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,528,554]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Voucher information and dates recorded for four euptychiine species studied herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/82D124F4E850A5755C8E5750FB7EA35F" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="82D124F4E850A5755C8E5750FB7EA35F">Table 1</tableCitation>
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, this taxon goes through either four or five larval instars. The description below is based mainly on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554, which passed through five larval instars.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57E5CDE57F3FCABA24C" blockId="8.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5CDE57F3FF18A3B8" bold="true" box="[199,246,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Egg</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5D1357F3FEBAA3B8" box="[266,340,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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: 1a, b). Spherical, semi-transparent, pearl-like and whitish in color, with polygonal markings covering the surface. Brown irregular short stripes, partially delineating polygonal markings, appearing two days prior to hatching (
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<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5D7D57BBFE4DA260" box="[356,419,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig.2</figureCitation>
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: 1a); head capsule visible day prior to hatching (
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<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5FD057BBFBE1A260" box="[969,1039,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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: 1b). Diameter: 1.0–
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(n=2). Duration: Unknown, hatched 2–3 days (n=4) after collection.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57E5CDE5602FEA6A5B0" blockId="8.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5CDE5602FEA1A229" bold="true" box="[199,335,834,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">First instar</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5D795603FE48A228" box="[352,422,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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: 2a, b;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5DE25603FDAFA228" box="[507,577,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,151,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[204,1384,151,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Illustrations of head capsules: a, b, c) first, second, and fifth (ultimate) instar of Nhambikuara mima, in frontal view; d) fifth (ultimate) instar of N. mima, lateral view indicating labeled chalazae; e–h) first, second, fourth and fifth instar of Splendeuptychia furina, in frontal view; i, j) third and fifth (ultimate) instar of Paryphthimoides brixius, in frontal view. Figure a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; c, d are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; e, f, g are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554; h are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0316; i, j are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420376/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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: e). Head capsule width:
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(n=1). Head capsule appearing black with rectangular scolus, with two rather broad setae (scolus length
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<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5F775627FC26A2F4" box="[878,968,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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(n=1)); three chalazae visible in frontal view, M1, M2, M3, with seta on each of M1-3; five setae on one side of labrum; with stemma 1 and 6 somewhat paler and thus insignificant, stemma 3 largest, closer to stemma 2 than 4. Body integument creamy whitish and semi-transparent, thus influencing dark green (anterior half of abdomen and occasionally thorax) to light green (towards terminal abdominal segments) body color due to gut content; pair of white stripes in subdorsal area; tracheal system barely visible; chaetotaxy not fully discernible based on photographs, primary setae weakly bulbed at apex (
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5CEC517FFEDDA52D" box="[245,307,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B23F098DE85BA57E5D20517FFE07A52C" author="Murray, D. L." box="[313,489,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" refId="ref13464" refString="Murray, D. L. (2001) Systematics of neotropical satyrine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) based on larval morphology and DNA sequence data and the evolution of life history traits. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 367 pp." type="book" year="2001">Murray (2001))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, XD1 and XD2 visible on T1; D1, D2, SD1 and L1 apparently present from T1 to A10 (D1 approximately 1.5 times longer than D2 on A8 and A9); ventral prolegs present on A3 to A6, caudal prolegs present on A10; caudal filaments short (shorter than A
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5EEF51C7FCCEA5D4" box="[758,800,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
dorsal view). Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E584E51C6FB30A5D4" box="[1111,1246,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.05" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.6">4.6–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2). Duration: 5–9 days (n=4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57E5CDE518EFA91A77C" blockId="8.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5CDE518EFE82A59D" bold="true" box="[199,364,1230,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Second instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5D66518FFE29A59C" box="[383,455,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: 3a, b;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5E3B518FFD87A59C" box="[546,617,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,151,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[204,1384,151,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Illustrations of head capsules: a, b, c) first, second, and fifth (ultimate) instar of Nhambikuara mima, in frontal view; d) fifth (ultimate) instar of N. mima, lateral view indicating labeled chalazae; e–h) first, second, fourth and fifth instar of Splendeuptychia furina, in frontal view; i, j) third and fifth (ultimate) instar of Paryphthimoides brixius, in frontal view. Figure a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; c, d are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; e, f, g are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554; h are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0316; i, j are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420376/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
: f). Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5F88518FFC04A59C" box="[913,1002,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Head capsule appearing black with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, entirely blackish, inner fork positioned almost perpendicular to horizontal plane, with seta on both tips (scolus length
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5FCE5057FBDFA444" box="[983,1073,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1)); seven whitish chalazae visible on lateral side, M1, M2, M3, P1, P2, P3, P4, with primary seta on each of M1-3, and P1, seta on P2 not discernable; six setae on one side of labrum, six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar. Body dark green; dorsally with white, band-like rows of spots somewhat delineating the mid-dorsal region (more defined from T1 to T3); broad and whitish pair of sub-dorsal stripes, extending towards base of caudal filament, with narrow concolorous lateral stripe present below; spiracles visible as light brownish spots, prominent on T1 and A8; caudal filaments, dorsally pink, shorter than A
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5E5650AFFD96A77C" box="[591,632,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
dorsal view. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5FBC50AFFC15A77C" box="[933,1019,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Duration: 4–6 days (n = 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57E5CDE5352FDFBA638" blockId="8.[151,1437,619,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5CDE5352FEB4A759" bold="true" box="[199,346,1554,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Third instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5D735353FE41A758" box="[362,431,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: 4a, b). Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5EEC5353FCA5A758" box="[757,843,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Head capsule appearing black with numerous secondary setae; “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, entirely blackish, inner fork positioned almost perpendicular to horizontal plane, with seta on both tips (scolus length
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5EE9531BFCA8A700" box="[752,838,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1)); seven whitish chalazae visible on lateral side, M1, M2, M3, P1, P2, P3, P4, with primary seta on each of M1-3; six setae on one side of labrum; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar. Body dark green, dorsally with pair of white, narrow, parallel bands delineating the mid-dorsal region; broad and whitish pair of sub-dorsal stripes, extending towards base of caudal filament, with narrow concolorous lateral stripe present below; spiracles visible as light brownish spots, prominent on T1 and A8; caudal filaments, dorsally pink, similar in length to A
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5FB1524FFC3CA65C" box="[936,978,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
dorsal view. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E591E524EFA73A65C" box="[1287,1437,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="10.3" valueMax="11.1" valueMin="9.5">9.5–11.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2). Duration: 5–7 days (n = 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85BA57F5CDE5217FD5FA034" blockId="8.[151,1437,619,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85BA57E5CDE5217FE85A605" bold="true" box="[199,363,1878,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fourth instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5D675217FE29A604" box="[382,455,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: 5a, b;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85BA57E5E385217FD87A604" box="[545,617,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,151,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[204,1384,151,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Illustrations of head capsules: a, b, c) first, second, and fifth (ultimate) instar of Nhambikuara mima, in frontal view; d) fifth (ultimate) instar of N. mima, lateral view indicating labeled chalazae; e–h) first, second, fourth and fifth instar of Splendeuptychia furina, in frontal view; i, j) third and fifth (ultimate) instar of Paryphthimoides brixius, in frontal view. Figure a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; c, d are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; e, f, g are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554; h are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0316; i, j are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420376/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
: g). Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E5F8F5217FC01A604" box="[918,1007,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Head capsule appearing olive with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, appearing orangish, inner fork positioned perpendicular to horizontal plane, appearing darker distally, with seta on both tips (scolus length
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85BA57E58F452DFFAAAA6CC" box="[1261,1348,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1)); seven whitish chalazae (M1-3, P1-4) visible on lateral side, developed compared to previous instar, with primary seta on each of these seven chalazae, as well as on two chalazae posterior of scolus; dark band-like marking visible on frontal part and lateral side of head capsule (as illustrated); six setae on one side of labrum; six stemmata visible, with first and sixth somewhat semi-transparent and thus insignificant, third stemma largest. Body lighter than previous instar; general pattern similar to previous instar except for spiracles appearing whitish. Body length: 19.0–
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85AA57F5CCE5466FED4A034" box="[215,314,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2). Duration: 6–7 days (n=2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="82D124F4E85AA57F5C8E5106FB93A467" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" startId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" targetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85AA57F5C8E5106FB93A467" blockId="9.[151,1437,1094,1298]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5C8E5106FEFAA52B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1094,1118]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F5DAF5106FD4DA52B" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[438,675,1094,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furina">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5DAF5106FD4DA52B" box="[438,675,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Splendeuptychia furina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85AA57F5CDE5000FE54A705" blockId="9.[151,1437,1344,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5CDE5000FE3AA42F" bold="true" box="[199,468,1344,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fifth (ultimate) instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85AA57F5DFE5000FDDEA42E" box="[487,560,1344,1371]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: 6a, b; 7a, b;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85AA57F5EC15000FCCEA42E" box="[728,800,1344,1371]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,151,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[204,1384,151,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Illustrations of head capsules: a, b, c) first, second, and fifth (ultimate) instar of Nhambikuara mima, in frontal view; d) fifth (ultimate) instar of N. mima, lateral view indicating labeled chalazae; e–h) first, second, fourth and fifth instar of Splendeuptychia furina, in frontal view; i, j) third and fifth (ultimate) instar of Paryphthimoides brixius, in frontal view. Figure a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; c, d are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; e, f, g are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554; h are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0316; i, j are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420376/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
: h). Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85AA57F58565000FB46A42E" box="[1103,1192,1344,1371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Head capsule appearing olive with numerous secondary setae and “antler-like” bifurcating scolus, similar to previous instar except for appearing shorter in proportion to head capsule height (scolus length
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85AA57F5FF850C6FBD7A4D5" box="[993,1081,1414,1440]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1)); seven chalazae (M1-3, P1-4) visible on lateral side but appearing orangish compared to previous instar and less developed; six stemmata visible, arrangement similar to previous instar; four setae discernable on one side of labrum with few other small setae, labrum appearing reduced. Body mint green (turns purplish a day prior to pupation, mobile but does not feed;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85AA57F5CCE5350FEF2A75E" box="[215,284,1552,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: 7a, b); general pattern similar to previous instar except for stripes somewhat insignificant by blended into mint green body color except for T1, spiracles appearing creamy orangish. Body length: 25.8–26.0 mm (n=2). Duration: 8–9 days (n=2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85AA57F5CDE5339FEF9A668" blockId="9.[151,1437,1344,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5CDE5339FEEBA7E6" bold="true" box="[199,261,1657,1683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85AA57F5D0D5338FEB6A7E6" box="[276,344,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,346,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[151,1436,345,1071]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Life history of Splendeuptychia furina: 1a) egg with brown stripes and mandibles showing through translucence, 1b) head capsule showing through translucence two days prior to hatching; 2a, b) first instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) second instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 5a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 6a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 7a, b) ultimate instar exhibiting purple colouration a day prior to pupation, dorsal and lateral view; 8a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 9a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. Figure 2b, 3b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0556; otherwise illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420362/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: 8a, b, c). Body dark chestnut brown and mottled with cream spots; body overall appearing slender with squared ocular caps; small dark brown protuberances present in two rows along dorsal area of abdomen; paired shoulder-like protuberances present on the mesothorax; pale cremaster, short and gradually narrowing towards distal end in posterior view, with rounded pitted sculptures. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E85AA57F5FFE53A0FB65A78E" box="[999,1163,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2399999999999998" metricValueMax="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="12.399999999999999" valueMax="13.2" valueMin="11.6">11.6–13.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2). Duration: 11–14 days (n=7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9EB427F7E85AA57C5CDE5266FABEA1A0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85AA57F5CDE5266FEEFA616" blockId="9.[151,1437,1344,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5CDE5266FEAAA635" bold="true" box="[199,324,1830,1856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Host plant</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E85AA57F5D4A5266FE7DA635" box="[339,403,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1106,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-423@11.[151,1436,1101,1811]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Host plant, two variations of Taquara micrantha. Taquara micrantha with pubescence on the abaxial surface as a host plant for Nhambikuara mima and Paryphthimoides brixius: 1a) leaves; 1b) close-up view of the node and abaxial part showing pubescence; 1c) inflorescence materials; 1d) host plant in situ. Taquara micrantha lacking pubescence for Splendeuptychia furina: 2a) leaves and inflorescence in situ; 2b) close-up view of nodes; 2c) close-up view of abaxial surface showing lack of pubescence; 2d) host plant in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420370/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||
: 2a–d).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F5DF55267FB9AA635" authority="(Kunth) I. L. C. Oliveira & R. P. Oliveira" authorityName="I. L. C. Oliveira & R. P. Oliveira" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[492,1140,1830,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Cryptogeobiidae" genus="Taquara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5DF55267FD2AA635" box="[492,708,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Taquara micrantha</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) I.L.C.Oliveira & R.P.Oliveira
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F589D5266FB08A635" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1156,1254,1830,1856]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F58E95266FA77A635" authorityName="Luerssen" authorityYear="1893" box="[1264,1433,1830,1856]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F5C8E5208FF1BA616" box="[151,245,1864,1891]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Olyreae">Olyreae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85AA57F5CDE522BFCEAA6BE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1344,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
See corresponding section of previous species for further detail. All the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F5874522BFB20A6F0" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1133,1230,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furina">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5874522BFB20A6F0" box="[1133,1230,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">S. furina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in 2021 were sampled from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F5D6152CFFDBFA6DD" box="[376,593,1934,1960]" class="Arachnida" family="Cryptogeobiidae" genus="Taquara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5D6152CFFDBFA6DD" box="[376,593,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">Taquara micrantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and all individuals shared characteristics of absence of pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface (another variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F5E7C52F1FD1DA6BF" box="[613,755,1968,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Cryptogeobiidae" genus="Taquara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5E7C52F1FD1DA6BF" box="[613,755,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">T. micrantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE85AA57C5CDE5293FABEA1A0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1344,2030]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Based on 2021- FLP-IMM-0554, the individual associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE85AA57F5F815293FC17A698" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[920,1017,2003,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furina">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE85AA57F5F815293FC17A698" box="[920,1017,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="46">S. furina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was located near a palm swamp, in a small forest area. At the date of collection the plant was
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E859A57C5F0A55D7FCBAA1C4" box="[787,852,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4 m</quantity>
|
||
tall. The egg was found at a distance of
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E859A57C590755D7FAB0A1C4" box="[1310,1374,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</quantity>
|
||
from the ground, on the abaxial surface, proximal to the leaf base, and between the midrib and margin of the leaf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |