200 lines
27 KiB
XML
200 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="6E7556533D8D1A4D036FFD5E9C22F078" ID-CLB-Dataset="53617" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5125.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="289bec22-1397-48e1-b0f8-a59fe6da73fe" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6420356" ID-ZooBank="B821DD6C-B803-4A27-806E-DD2ADC2238C7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649314291665" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia, Nakahara, Shinichi, Kabir, Jamal, Shellman, Brooke, Tejeira, Rafael, Ccahuana, Rodrigo & Gallice, Geoffrey" docDate="2022" docId="5E07C56AE859A57D5C8E5466FE92A540" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5125.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paryphthimoides brixius" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="A23EBD12E853A5765C195540FFEEA175" masterDocTitle="Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1699319515162" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="18FF671A4CA002BEF15F55CA46AC41BE">Immature stages and new host plant records for four satyrine species feeding on herbaceous bamboos in southeastern Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="043711479643D904C8AC7A5223A36B0E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BEE71E0FDD22BFF9BBD8D3C953BB664C">Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9B2210D075288E0745ED76D091B4166F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0182-4194</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="61F5526D7C90062C1A5C81E511215E32">Universidad Nacional Amazonica de Madre de Dios, Av. Jorge Chávez 1160, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios 17000, Perú corahuaespinoza 29 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0182 - 4194 & Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3BE8447E5E0B1C008FCB52CB92B12325" type="email">corahuaespinoza29@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B6B308F6D8C785A0459032CA33198BC1">Nakahara, Shinichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B154F7178AC3693BDA74A420711EF3A1">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA & Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14 - 0434 Lima- 14, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="59A89A30C46EEE352BE4517C37A125DC">Kabir, Jamal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E60410BA3B85000D29E71CB319BCC0D">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E808699E62BEB9BC9D8EE09D9A5C82EC">Shellman, Brooke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D4B63FC033473D94E09B0C3629D9687">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & Department of Biology, St. Joseph’s College, Patchogue, NY 11772, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7E052C972BE51E441BD7AA37DF1D0701">Tejeira, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE412ADD7F392017225C19C9860827CB">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco 08000, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FBAC7445CD5EB457EC4E791E6BF5D144">Ccahuana, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5799F3BBBD7B8AA7A9C864299C250463">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco 08000, Perú</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AA3DCF8D569BA31040F6AB2EC2755269">Gallice, Geoffrey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C69CD5269EFC41729BD1AD9AED580540">Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD 20854, USA & McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C4D617B7E156BE260BEACA579423987D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2E668F2F8149C2CDA48FDBEC9CC54355">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F3BF03721F9A25FCCB5E9F4B38C3A328">2022-04-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="550BF1A8E14953F63269A6BC42A2A046">5125</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="215AC144D83489E800CD6CABFD1E693F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5125.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5E07C56AE859A57D5C8E5466FE92A540" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420372" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194471765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6420372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E07C56AE859A57D5C8E5466FE92A540" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E07C56AE859A57D5C8E5466FE92A540" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="9EB427F7E859A57C5C8E5466FE4CA010" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D611747CE859A57C5C8E5466FD74A035" blockId="10.[151,666,294,357]" box="[151,666,294,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="8D59C310E859A57C5C8E5466FD74A035" bold="true" box="[151,666,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE859A57C5C8E5466FD74A035" authority="(Hewitson, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,666,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paryphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brixius">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE859A57C5C8E5466FD74A035" bold="true" box="[151,666,294,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE859A57C5C8E5466FE2FA034" bold="true" box="[151,449,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Paryphthimoides brixius</emphasis>
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(Hewitson, 1862)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D611747CE859A57C5C8E540AFE4CA010" blockId="10.[151,666,294,357]" box="[151,418,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">(2021-FLP-IMM-0395)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9EB427F7E859A57D5C8E54D2FF33A2F4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D611747CE859A57C5C8E54D2FB87A348" blockId="10.[151,1437,402,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE859A57C5C8E54D2FED3A0D9" bold="true" box="[151,317,402,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Second instar</emphasis>
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. Head capsule width:
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<quantity id="1156D999E859A57C5E5B54D3FD72A0D8" box="[578,668,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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||
(n=1). Head appearing dark brown scattered with secondary setae and “horn-like” scolus, slightly curving outwards in frontal view (scolus length
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<quantity id="1156D999E859A57C582054F7FB7CA0A4" box="[1081,1170,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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(n=1)); single, whitish chalazae visible on lateral side (M1) (based on head capsule image), with primary seta on each of these chalazae; six stemmata visible, with first and sixth somewhat semi-transparent and thus insignificant, third stemma largest. Body not described and illustrated. Duration: Unknown; molted 7 days after collection.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D611747CE859A57C5CDE5706FCCAA2BC" blockId="10.[151,1437,402,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE859A57C5CDE5706FEB3A315" bold="true" box="[199,349,582,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Third instar</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E859A57C5D695707FE5CA314" box="[368,434,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,994,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-331@10.[151,1436,993,1857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Life history of Paryphthimoides brixius: 1a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 2a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 5a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. All illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420368/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Fig 3</figureCitation>
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: 1a, b;
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<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E859A57C5E175707FDA1A314" box="[526,591,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,151,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[204,1384,151,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Illustrations of head capsules: a, b, c) first, second, and fifth (ultimate) instar of Nhambikuara mima, in frontal view; d) fifth (ultimate) instar of N. mima, lateral view indicating labeled chalazae; e–h) first, second, fourth and fifth instar of Splendeuptychia furina, in frontal view; i, j) third and fifth (ultimate) instar of Paryphthimoides brixius, in frontal view. Figure a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; c, d are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; e, f, g are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554; h are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0316; i, j are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420376/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Fig 5</figureCitation>
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: i). Head capsule width: 1.0 mm (n=1). Head appearing light olive with numerous secondary setae, apparently thicker, denser, and increased in number compared to previous instar; “hornlike” scolus appearing dark brown except for posterior side and basal half of anterior side (scolus length
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<quantity id="1156D999E859A57C595C57CFFA73A3DC" box="[1349,1437,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
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(n=1)); dark colouration on vertex extending to scolus, as well as present laterally and partially on frontal part, as illustrated; three whitish chalazae visible on lateral side (M1-3), with primary seta on each of these three chalazae; six stemmata visible, with stemma 1 and 6 somewhat semi-transparent and thus insignificant, stemma 3 largest, closer to stemma 2 than 4. Body whitish; dark purple band extending along mid-dorsal area, well-defined along thorax and A5 onwards, insignificant from A1 to A4; concolourous jagged band traversing along previous middorsal band; similar jagged band present laterally, roughly parallel to previous band; spiracles visible as creamywhite spots; short, bifid caudal filaments, dorsally white, inner side purple resulting from continuation of mid-dorsal band. Body length:
|
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<quantity id="1156D999E859A57C5D6D56EFFE24A2BC" box="[372,458,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
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(n=1). Duration: 8 days (n=1).
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||
</paragraph>
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<caption id="82D124F4E859A57C5C8E5219FC22A6CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6420368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420368/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" startId="10.[151,250,1881,1905]" targetBox="[152,1436,994,1849]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="D611747CE859A57C5C8E5219FC22A6CC" blockId="10.[151,1436,1881,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE859A57C5C8E5219FEFDA604" bold="true" box="[151,275,1881,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Life history of
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||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE859A57C5DAA5219FD43A604" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[435,685,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paryphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brixius">
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE859A57C5DAA5219FD43A604" box="[435,685,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="47">Paryphthimoides brixius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 1a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 2a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 5a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. All illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D611747CE858A57D5CDE55D7FBFFA0FC" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
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<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE858A57D5CDE55D7FE8BA1C5" bold="true" box="[199,357,150,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fourth instar</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E858A57D5D6A55D7FE5EA1C4" box="[371,432,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,994,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-331@10.[151,1436,993,1857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Life history of Paryphthimoides brixius: 1a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 2a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 5a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. All illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420368/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig 3</figureCitation>
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||
: 2a, b). Head capsule width:
|
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<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D5EF255D6FCD1A1C4" box="[747,831,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
(n=1). Head appearing olive with numerous secondary setae, apparently thicker and increased in number compared to previous instar; head scolus overall similar to previous instar except somewhat shorter (scolus length
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<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D5F03559EFC9DA18C" box="[794,883,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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(n=1)) and distally (apex) orangish; patterns of darker markings on head capsule similar to previous instar except for area increasing in frontal part and reduced laterally around chalazae; arrangement and appearance of stemmata and chalazae similar to previous instar. Body color pattern similar to previous instar; spiracles appearing darker compared to previous instar; caudal filaments similar to previous instar. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D5E4A542FFD59A0FC" box="[595,695,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="13.4">13.4 mm</quantity>
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(n=1). Duration: 9 days (n=1).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE858A57D5CDE54D2FC7CA3B8" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE858A57D5CDE54D2FE20A0D9" bold="true" box="[199,462,402,428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fifth (ultimate) instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E858A57D5DC454D3FDF3A0D8" box="[477,541,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,994,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-331@10.[151,1436,993,1857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Life history of Paryphthimoides brixius: 1a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 2a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 5a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. All illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420368/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig 3</figureCitation>
|
||
: 3a, b;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E858A57D5E6954D3FD40A0D8" box="[624,686,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,151,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[204,1384,151,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Illustrations of head capsules: a, b, c) first, second, and fifth (ultimate) instar of Nhambikuara mima, in frontal view; d) fifth (ultimate) instar of N. mima, lateral view indicating labeled chalazae; e–h) first, second, fourth and fifth instar of Splendeuptychia furina, in frontal view; i, j) third and fifth (ultimate) instar of Paryphthimoides brixius, in frontal view. Figure a, b are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0538; c, d are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0489; e, f, g are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0554; h are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0316; i, j are based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420376/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
: j). Head capsule width:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D5FDE54D3FBF0A0D8" box="[967,1054,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Head appearing olive with numerous secondary setae, apparently thicker and denser compared to previous instar; head scolus overall similar to previous instar except shorter (scolus length
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D5EAA549BFCE5A080" box="[691,779,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1)); patterns of dark brown markings on head capsule increasing on frontal side as well as laterally, as illustrated; arrangement and appearance of stemmata and chalazae similar to previous instar; five setae on one side of labrum, labrum appearing reduced. Body flesh-coloured; middorsal band and jagged dorso-lateral to lateral bands as in previous instar except for appearing somewhat brownish; spiracles appearing dark brownish and more prominent compared to previous instars; bifid caudal filaments, dorsally brownish, with inner side dark brownish resulting from continuation of mid-dorsal band, and terminating in pink posterior tip. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D5DDF57F2FDC4A3B8" box="[454,554,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Duration: 15 days (n=1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE858A57D5CDE5797FF33A2F4" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE858A57D5CDE5797FEEBA384" bold="true" box="[199,261,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E9568F9E858A57D5D0F5797FEB8A384" box="[278,342,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,994,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-331@10.[151,1436,993,1857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Life history of Paryphthimoides brixius: 1a, b) third instar in dorsal and lateral view; 2a, b) fourth instar in dorsal and lateral view; 3a, b) fifth (ultimate) instar in dorsal and lateral view; 4a, b, c) pupa in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 5a, b) adult in dorsal and ventral view. All illustrations based on 2021-FLP-IMM-0395." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6420368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6420368/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Fig 3</figureCitation>
|
||
: 4a, b, c). Body cream in color and mottled with dark brown; wing case overall cream scattered with dark brown markings; body overall appearing short and rounded, with squared ocular caps; small cream and dark brown protuberances present in two rows along dorsal area of abdomen; brown cremaster, gradually narrowing towards distal end but appearing broader than previous two species. Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D58325603FB6FA228" box="[1067,1153,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1). Duration: 15 days (n=1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9EB427F7E858A57D5CDE56CBFE92A540" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="D611747CE858A57D5CDE56CBFA9AA2D3" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1077]" box="[199,1396,907,934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE858A57D5CDE56CBFEA5A2D0" bold="true" box="[199,331,907,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE858A57D5D4B56CBFC35A2D0" authority="(Kunth) I. L. C. Oliveira & R. P. Oliveira" authorityName="I. L. C. Oliveira & R. P. Oliveira" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[338,987,907,934]" class="Arachnida" family="Cryptogeobiidae" genus="Taquara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE858A57D5D4B56CBFDC4A2D0" box="[338,554,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Taquara micrantha</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) I.L.C.Oliveira & R.P.Oliveira
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE858A57D5FF356CBFBA2A2D0" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1002,1100,907,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE858A57D584F56CBFB11A2D0" authorityName="Luerssen" authorityYear="1893" box="[1110,1279,907,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bambusoideae">Bambusoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE858A57D591356CBFA86A2D3" box="[1290,1384,907,934]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Olyreae">Olyreae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D611747CE858A57D5CDE56EFFE92A540" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
See corresponding section of previous species for further detail. At the time of larval collection for
|
||
<emphasis id="E4DAA86EE858A57D5C8E5693FE5CA298" box="[151,434,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11AE0FFFE858A57D5C8E5693FE43A298" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,429,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Paryphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brixius">Paryphthimoides brixius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="A21052BCE858A57D5DD95693FD8CA298" box="[448,610,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" value="2021-05-23">May 23, 2021</date>
|
||
), the plant was
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D5F165693FCA0A298" box="[783,846,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4 m</quantity>
|
||
tall. The larva was found at a distance of
|
||
<quantity id="1156D999E858A57D59395693FAB1A298" box="[1312,1375,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="0.2">0.2 m</quantity>
|
||
from the ground, on the abaxial surface of the leaf, in the middle part (between the base and the apex) just at the margin of the leaf (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9B2C41C7E858A57D5D0E515BFE81A540" box="[279,367,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,517,543]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Details of sampled materials with information on the host plant conditions. Abbreviations: abaxial (AB); adaxial (AD); distal (D); middle (M); proximal (P); midrib (B); middle (E); margin (IN); new (N); mature (MA); old (O); none (NO); light (L); mid (MI); heavy (H)." pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |