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<document id="7B918765A68CB98969B4BE97ACD781F5" ID-CLB-Dataset="34818" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.446.8195" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6cd18d1-04cc-472e-aca5-47a97486b18d" ID-PMC="PMC4205727" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-446-1" ID-PubMed="25349512" ID-ZooBank="6EECF6D3C26B4844B6E13E72695297F7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-446-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 446" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Pseudapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on the species in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" checkinTime="1451245236031" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie, Whitfield, James B., Smith, M. Alex &amp; Kula, Robert" docDate="2014" docId="43E152DFED436E776D1DEBB6A9BE6DCF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 446: 1-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 446" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.446.8195" docTitle="Pseudapanteles ruficollis Cameron 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="11022B4AA759DE6B0E40FFB0FF86FFBD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Pseudapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on the species in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1701374721175" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C0996BE637AC94F2061C209CBBAA8E24">Revision of the genus Pseudapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on the species in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="34538F457E82C2A28F0CFE6D2FA48369">Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="334F1300EAB4F59BE310821766282EBC">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C29C98159F92AFB410AAEE147DAE198">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0B56F9EC26739211EF1AF319FFCB72C">Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83167CABF61CDB100E8953BE30B8B3D3">Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B7DD638983EB14CF872013C5B46DCDA0">Kula, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FD1DC4BD350270CE14450E374BF35DD8">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="83E7BE9BE8C4004788CDAAB45DB9CE51">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="1B58B5912748B89E74E71086E7A6063B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C83C66D1B876161731EDE3EF4693A737" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.446.8195</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="43E152DFED436E776D1DEBB6A9BE6DCF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:43E152DFED436E776D1DEBB6A9BE6DCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/43E152DFED436E776D1DEBB6A9BE6DCF" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="46A6B1B85AB3FB566388773984BC09F2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="D55784CD48A20EDCD7DBE91564250AA4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Braconidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="321F786C76989567B48DF26263B0A7AD" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AB44E40AD241CEA632D5E7870FCAD7C5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="56FC1C0DFBD9376651AD3B9B6FA2EADC" ID-CoL="4NKXZ" authority="Cameron, 1911" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles ruficollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">Pseudapanteles ruficollis (Cameron, 1911)</taxonomicName>
Figs 166- 168
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70485568A40B7928AD2E1DD66EE5A3F7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DDD08895B508BDADB6DA470ABB3D478D" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="3A91174E43C5442AE837FDA259392F94" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Xanthomicrogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthomicrogaster ruficollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">Xanthomicrogaster ruficollis</taxonomicName>
Cameron, 1911: 325 (original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="687FF05FC9CF6C514824C338832D5216" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="687E18A39DDE620F7C62F2FAE8A5FA7E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles ruficollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">Apanteles ruficollis</taxonomicName>
: Wilkinson 1930: 281 (revised combination).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5843C63740D3313735C67FB338D32DEA" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="5817E329D17992D5BD3AA9BF1052142C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles ruficollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">Pseudapanteles ruficollis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="C02B6FFD5370AAA44EA657C25E725AA9" author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." year="1981">Mason 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 86 (revised combination).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A05C22199267D40282CA53796D1EB1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">
<paragraph id="E6559B5158F764ABCD74024FF90264D9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lectotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78DB2B17F054C774F6BFA51745B0A470" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">♀ in BMNH (examined). GUYANA, no other locality or date information. Here we designate, to increase nomenclatural stability, a lectotype from the syntype series (which includes 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ all glued on the same card, with voucher code: &quot;B.M. Type HYM. 3.c.985&quot;). The lectotype is the female positioned at the lower row, left corner of the card (Figs 166, 168). The paralectotypes are conspecific with the lectotype.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="738FF949707D36E8AB9AD25027F0946A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="other material examined">
<paragraph id="39F1EF553BF250424840D38C2E18005F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12B4C576E4640E6A4A363A3B9AB81D22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">24 ♀, 11 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estacion Llanura, 135m, 10.93332, -85.25331. ACG database codes: DHJPAR0026267, DHJPAR0047117, DHJPAR0047133, DHJPAR0052908, DHJPAR0053737, DHJPAR0053754, DHJPAR0053787, 11-SRNP-76958, 13-SRNP-76587.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BF4C8EAD498EE3A550A9C529F0166AF7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="85BF5A55666ED8769FF60DEFDEA6CB13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8D3245E5D48E3713F2A9570A734B046" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
It belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="CD834E923C9FA30B2477D96D0EA95163" lsidName="annulicornis" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="annulicornis">annulicornis</taxonomicName>
species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on a combination of all flagellomeres brown, T2 light brown, metatibia yellow with posterior 0.1-0.2 dark brown to black, metatarsus dark brown to black, pterostigma pale with thin brown margins, and ovipositor sheaths 0.9
<normalizedToken id="61B6E42163C06DEB95875027D60FC54D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as metatibia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="98D1B7BE4C252920E1E8BEF366DEE36C" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="53333928AE28B4EA5B754E22CB6B2337" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3C2380F2985CD9BC3F3519E37E5FBA3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Female. Body length 2.4-2.5 mm or 2.6-2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.6-2.7 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly orange, with parts or all of propodeum, metapleuron, metascutellum, and axillar complex brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4-0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1-0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: pale, with thin dark margins. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.6-4.0 x, rarely 3.1-3.5
<normalizedToken id="84C5AE43465BB2862078551AF3E0F5B7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
or 4.1-4.5
<normalizedToken id="2C16CB36AE83BF99F5043D610ED677CB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.5-2.6
<normalizedToken id="07DA8B7F0C9246A11DAE1C9B3CF62990" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
, 2.7-2.8
<normalizedToken id="A0ADF284441F468E6A664A0C41396F3E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
, rarely 2.9-3.0
<normalizedToken id="2D674C98CABE12CFD1CE991FE63A9A36" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.8-3.9
<normalizedToken id="B9E6FBD0316BD3CDE74C27848ADF3EB9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
or 4.0-4.1
<normalizedToken id="7AD6B9E1AAF7CC641E0C40494C02EEA0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.9
<normalizedToken id="9BAD30E30E280F844B248A5A2F341AD3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as metatibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA70D86253319D01A29888CF296E9BAE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Male. Much darker coloration than female, especially on anteromesoscutum, propodeum, metacoxa, and metasoma.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0449CA7382C1C68E9E569C41933B680F" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="molecular data">
<paragraph id="5CFAD20D5D63D16F048C7D893858C0BD" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37FC8E6A3FBF8CB6A9EFCE824EEA6F05" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86775FF52BD11AA11AAFCCD9B1E30938" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="biology/ecology">
<paragraph id="5EDE88E21FB88FEE4EC37EF1262BD8E5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Biology/ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB3AE59FFA74544357701F1D783610B6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Hosts:
<taxonomicName id="C32BDA0F539FB0AFBB07022477175ECF" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmia ufeus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ufeus">Desmia ufeus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C629AE09CB31B49A69F453D683C50F54" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Desmia</taxonomicName>
spp. with interim names Janzen18 and Janzen19;
<taxonomicName id="9217749D16F237AA7CAB35AD05CD498A" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Spoladea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spoladea recurvalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurvalis">Spoladea recurvalis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="24EBEC2B9537807839C3D2A21ACA4CA4" family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4295DC269683EEA18BFD8A36B6331F15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1A33FB927E4DD1BD48B009A449065A77" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BC87E85B2EE82A0ED370A281F2E12F4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cuba, Costa Rica (ACG), Guyana.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B69910D2B4DC34DEF7050A488D663E07" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="comments">
<paragraph id="B05CFA431F211E86C01E440A6A77B70B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86C0BC461360D1D0E7DA65705C08564C" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
The syntype series (from Guyana) is morphologically indistinguishable from the ACG specimens, so we treat them as conspecific. The description provided above is based on ACG specimens. All specimens of
<taxonomicName id="BCB0B46FE8CA94D4B9E0944150F834B3" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles ruficollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">Pseudapanteles ruficollis</taxonomicName>
in ACG have been reared from three species of
<taxonomicName id="995F9F7D5C0714742F045053D7DA8DE5" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Desmia</taxonomicName>
caterpillars feeding on
<taxonomicName id="C921CA0DD08CF3CF8B7C3C51A6BBB205" family="Vitaceae" lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
. In ACG, this wasp has not been reared from
<taxonomicName id="D4CB8A20149F013FA2CE578CDC8E3FE1" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Spoladea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spoladea recurvalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurvalis">Spoladea recurvalis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="3BF7F67945514958E745155A69C85D99" family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
), the host reported for its rearing in Guyana, despite more than 190 rearing records for ACG
<taxonomicName id="C99C63CF15C42025064C19591E58C4BA" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Spoladea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spoladea recurvalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurvalis">Spoladea recurvalis</taxonomicName>
(that produced no microgastrine braconids). This moth is host-specific to
<taxonomicName id="5F7EA80F51A59BFFE587D041BC2703DD" family="Amaranthaceae" lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
herbs, and no
<taxonomicName id="D57562F0214D29C0142FD65DECB63E29" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Desmia</taxonomicName>
have been reared from any of the thousands of caterpillar rearing records from ACG
<taxonomicName id="CE7D15AD61186B3FC43F8643523DAF42" family="Amaranthaceae" lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
. However, adult
<taxonomicName id="3318435D73B5D15B3487B1A999C9BA73" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Spoladea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spoladea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Spoladea</taxonomicName>
are black with white spots, as are
<taxonomicName id="983F75DA910585BDB1A9A8245215B652" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Desmia</taxonomicName>
, and are frequently misidentified as &quot;a species of
<taxonomicName id="71B3C21792FC9ACE07A82CC3ABB861FD" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Desmia</taxonomicName>
&quot;. It is very likely that the Guyana record of
<taxonomicName id="3142817E7F92C0B1806F40AA964D7F53" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles ruficollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficollis">Pseudapanteles ruficollis</taxonomicName>
is actually a rearing from a batch of
<taxonomicName id="6960EBF8A944682AB11AE275BC095608" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Desmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Desmia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Desmia</taxonomicName>
caterpillars, since the caterpillar that produced the wasps obviously could not be directly identified from an adult.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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