230 lines
30 KiB
XML
230 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="47076258E3CCD0DA5B4778B7682EACD2" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4238.4.8SLASH10405" ID-CLB-Dataset="36327" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4238.4.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39448593-749c-4ee0-bb13-3475cdc3b421" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="375522" ID-ZooBank="562FFA01-CAD8-4016-AF78-57C8EF0195C4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1488876764212" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nielsen, Claus" docDate="2017" docId="3743B215FFFAFFDC47F374616218E148" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4238.4.8SLASH10405.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4238 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Loxosomella decorata Nielsen, 2017, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="596" masterDocId="CB7ACA6DFFFAFFDE4764771D6055E307" masterDocTitle="Loxosomella decorata n. sp., a new solitary entoproct from San Juan Island, WA, USA" masterLastPageNumber="596" masterPageNumber="594" pageNumber="594" updateTime="1698437698196" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FF671F05C781696E687FF422233BB44D">
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<mods:title id="76FD0439267DD72F8879FC3BB0CE74D7">Loxosomella decorata n. sp., a new solitary entoproct from San Juan Island, WA, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4EB384DB73FAC87C443F390488DCBE9D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C18D76BF3318AE6DBE4FDF0F113078A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="059AFD234B108D25937E8B9FDF4C6861">Nielsen, Claus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FABA8C44C951C6A46B04C14A47243039">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="15B66E75C04B0F655AC6B471F63BB20E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8E8D6A66D49A525703BF270FD238053E">
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<mods:date id="5FE19241B659E74000DED036E147F507">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9361BD433F4CA2803952EE02443A82C7">4238</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="621B4FB156720D967239E9822058A714">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B23F45032AFC0C0231B552D56F57C53D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="424F74953BEDB4073EFFDB5B5B9BF66C" type="CLB-Dataset">36327</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EFF966C686EDE62488051DFAC4F02364" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4238.4.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A25FF52BF52D13578B8087E2D5F0B7E" type="GBIF-Dataset">39448593-749c-4ee0-bb13-3475cdc3b421</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38F88513585D30F32D39EDFA0235A624" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4A5AB6F6FBD173F0392D4CF7F50B1FF4" type="Zenodo-Dep">375522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4FEAAEAB631B7A7F81EB941045D1D066" type="ZooBank">562FFA01-CAD8-4016-AF78-57C8EF0195C4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3743B215FFFAFFDC47F374616218E148" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6038638" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127719461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6038638" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3743B215FFFAFFDC47F374616218E148" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3743B215FFFAFFDC47F374616218E148" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="596" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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<subSubSection id="F7F05088FFFAFFDE47F3746161BFE091" box="[151,490,892,918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BF550303FFFAFFDE47F3746161BFE091" blockId="0.[151,490,892,918]" box="[151,490,892,918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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<heading id="E41DB46FFFFAFFDE47F3746161BFE091" bold="true" box="[151,490,892,918]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFAFFDE47F3746161BFE091" bold="true" box="[151,490,892,918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFAFFDE47F3746161F4E091" box="[151,417,892,918]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="decorata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFAFFDE47F3746161F4E091" bold="true" box="[151,417,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">Loxosomella decorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="96AD626AFFFAFFDE46CC746161BFE091" box="[424,490,892,918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="EB95538BFFFAFFDE47F370A264CFE4F5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375523/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" targetBox="[152,1435,970,1960]" targetPageId="0">
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<paragraph id="BF550303FFFAFFDE47F370A264CFE4F5" blockId="0.[151,1435,1983,2034]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFAFFDE47F370A26159E4D2" bold="true" box="[151,268,1983,2005]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFAFFDE467670A261BBE4D3" box="[274,494,1983,2004]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFAFFDE467670A261BFE4D3" box="[274,490,1983,2004]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="decorata">Loxosomella decorata</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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SEM (The body of the animal has shrunk during the dehydration). A, Holotype in frontal view. B, Paratype in right view. C, Paratype with a large and three small buds, frontal view. D, Foot of the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="EB95538BFFFBFFDF47F373086477E762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375524/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" targetBox="[228,1362,191,1021]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="BF550303FFFBFFDF47F373086477E762" blockId="1.[151,1436,1045,1125]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF47F373086159E72C" bold="true" box="[151,268,1045,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFBFFDF4676730B61BDE72C" box="[274,488,1046,1067]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="decorata">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF4676730B61BDE72C" box="[274,488,1046,1067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Loxosomella decorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, Half contracted specimen in frontal view, with a large and two smaller buds. B, Foot of a large specimen showing details of the structure (Nomarski contrast); the arrowheads indicate the two cells of the putative duo-gland adhesive system. Photos courtesy of Dr Julia Merkel (Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="F7F05088FFFBFFDF47F3738D62FEE67F" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BF550303FFFBFFDF47F3738D608DE617" blockId="1.[151,1436,1168,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
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<materialsCitation id="0F82095EFFFBFFDF47F3738D6319E7CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438449059" country="Iceland" location="Specimen" municipality="False Bay" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="6051BDA1FFFBFFDF47F3738D60AAE7AF" box="[151,255,1168,1192]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF47F3738D60AAE7AF" bold="true" box="[151,255,1168,1192]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<location id="BA3555D8FFFBFFDF4674738C612CE7AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3743B215FFFAFFDC47F374616218E148:BA3555D8FFFBFFDF4674738C612CE7AF" box="[272,377,1169,1192]" country="Iceland" municipality="False Bay" name="Specimen" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Specimen</location>
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found in the tubes of the maldanid polychaete
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<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFBFFDF44E9738D656EE7AF" authority="Johnson, 1901" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1901" box="[909,1339,1168,1192]" class="Polychaeta" family="Maldanidae" genus="Axiothella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubrocincta">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF44E9738D64D4E7AF" box="[909,1153,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Axiothella rubrocincta</emphasis>
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(Johnson, 1901)
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</taxonomicName>
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from an intertidal sandy-muddy bottom,
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<collectingMunicipality id="5F319979FFFBFFDF469573AE6208E7CD" box="[497,605,1203,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">False Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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, San Juan
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<collectingCountry id="C7FD4393FFFBFFDF45B473AE6341E7CD" box="[720,788,1203,1226]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Island</collectingCountry>
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, WA
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="0F82095EFFFBFFDF443C73AE650FE7CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438449061" box="[856,1370,1203,1226]" collectingDate="2007-07" collectorName="Dr Tim Wollesen" country="United States of America" location="USA" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="C7FD4393FFFBFFDF443C73AE63C5E7CD" box="[856,912,1203,1226]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingDate id="DB10DC2BFFFBFFDF44FF73AE6452E7CD" box="[923,1031,1203,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" value="2007-07">
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<date id="CB5425C3FFFBFFDF44FF73AE6452E7CD" box="[923,1031,1203,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" value="2007-07">July 2007</date>
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</collectingDate>
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, collected by
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<collectorName id="121F66D5FFFBFFDF43F973AE650FE7CD" box="[1181,1370,1203,1226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Dr Tim Wollesen</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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. SEM preparation deposited in The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen: ZMUC-ENT-27.
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<figureCitation id="27D11F86FFFBFFDF421573CB60F4E617" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="0.[151,244,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,970,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@0.[151,1436,969,1960]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="FIGURE 1. Loxosomella decorata. SEM (The body of the animal has shrunk during the dehydration). A, Holotype in frontal view. B, Paratype in right view. C, Paratype with a large and three small buds, frontal view. D, Foot of the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375523/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A,D.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BF550303FFFBFFDF47A3720662FEE67F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1168,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
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||
<materialsCitation id="0F82095EFFFBFFDF47A3720662FEE67F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1438449060" collectionCode="COI" country="Denmark" county="GenBank" location="The Natural History Museum" municipality="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="6051BDA1FFFBFFDF47A37206616CE634" box="[199,313,1307,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF47A37206616CE634" bold="true" box="[199,313,1307,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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: SEM preparations are deposited at
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<location id="BA3555D8FFFBFFDF45DF720663A0E635" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3743B215FFFAFFDC47F374616218E148:BA3555D8FFFBFFDF45DF720663A0E635" box="[699,1013,1307,1330]" country="Denmark" county="GenBank" municipality="The" name="The Natural History Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">The Natural History Museum</location>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="C7FD4393FFFBFFDF437C7206642AE635" box="[1048,1151,1307,1330]" name="Denmark" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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: ZMUC-ENT- 28, -29, -30 (
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<figureCitation id="27D11F86FFFBFFDF47FB7223608AE652" box="[159,223,1342,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,191,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[220,1368,191,1024]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxosomella decorata. A, Half contracted specimen in frontal view, with a large and two smaller buds. B, Foot of a large specimen showing details of the structure (Nomarski contrast); the arrowheads indicate the two cells of the putative duo-gland adhesive system. Photos courtesy of Dr Julia Merkel (Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375524/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B), -31 (
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<figureCitation id="27D11F86FFFBFFDF46537223612DE652" box="[311,376,1342,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,191,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[220,1368,191,1024]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxosomella decorata. A, Half contracted specimen in frontal view, with a large and two smaller buds. B, Foot of a large specimen showing details of the structure (Nomarski contrast); the arrowheads indicate the two cells of the putative duo-gland adhesive system. Photos courtesy of Dr Julia Merkel (Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375524/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C).
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<collectingMunicipality id="5F319979FFFBFFDF46FA72236192E652" box="[414,455,1342,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">The</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectionCode id="D9FB9BC6FFFBFFDF46A9722361AEE652" box="[461,507,1342,1365]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">COI</collectionCode>
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gene of other specimens was partially sequenced and the 710 bp sequence deposited in
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<collectingCounty id="56347B8FFFFBFFDF47F3727C60A9E67F" box="[151,252,1377,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">GenBank</collectingCounty>
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(acc. #
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<accessionNumber id="A0B99EE0FFFBFFDF4634727C61EAE67F" box="[336,447,1377,1400]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ614997" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">JQ614997</accessionNumber>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF46B0727C62CAE67F" author="Merkel" box="[468,671,1376,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Merkel, J., Wollesen, T., Lieb, B. & Wanninger, A. (2012) Spiral cleavage and early embryology of a loxosomatid entoproct and the usefulness of spiralian apical cross patterns for phylogenetic inferences .. BMC Developmental Biology, 12, 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 213 X- 12 - 11" type="journal article" year="2012">
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||
Merkel
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF454D727C620AE67F" box="[553,607,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F7F05088FFFBFFDF47A3729E60A5E6BA" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="BF550303FFFBFFDF47A3729E60A5E6BA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1168,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF47A3729E6117E69C" bold="true" box="[199,322,1411,1435]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Etymology</emphasis>
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: The specific epithet
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<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFBFFDF454D729F62DDE69D" box="[553,648,1410,1434]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="decorata">
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<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF454D729F62DDE69D" box="[553,648,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">decorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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refers to the crenelated latero-posterior edges of the attachment organs of the foot.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F7F05088FFFBFFDF47A372D564F5E43D" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="BF550303FFFBFFDF47A372D564F5E43D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1168,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
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||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF47A372D5611EE6E7" bold="true" box="[199,331,1480,1504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Description</emphasis>
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: A medium sized species total length (from the upper edge of the tentacle membrane to the ‘heel’ of the foot) up to about 950 µm. Twelve long tentacles in the adults and ten in the large buds. The width of the tentacle membrane is up to about 400 µm. The body is widest at the median part of the body, up to about 300 µm. From there, the body tapers gradually towards the foot; the lateral parts of the body below the stomach are thin ‘lateral wings’. The foot is up to about 275 µm long. It has a conspicuous foot gland, a foot groove with accessory gland cells, and a pair of rounded adhesive organs at the tip (
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<figureCitation id="27D11F86FFFBFFDF4571716B6203E58A" box="[533,598,1654,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,191,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[220,1368,191,1024]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxosomella decorata. A, Half contracted specimen in frontal view, with a large and two smaller buds. B, Foot of a large specimen showing details of the structure (Nomarski contrast); the arrowheads indicate the two cells of the putative duo-gland adhesive system. Photos courtesy of Dr Julia Merkel (Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375524/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B). Two cells of different appearance are associated with each adhesive organ, indicating a duo gland system (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF4681718462D2E5B7" author="Hermans" box="[485,647,1689,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Hermans, C. O. (1983) The duo-gland adhesive system. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review, 21, 283 - 339." type="journal article" year="1983">Hermans 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). The adhesive organs are thin with scalloped lateroposterior edges. Buds develop from a pair of latero-frontal zones level with the upper wall of the stomach. Up to two buds on each side have been observed. The largest bud had a total length of about 400 µm; it had ten tentacles. Up to 20 small eggs/embryos, diameter about 50 µm, have been observed in the atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27D11F86FFFBFFDF446B701C6304E41F" box="[783,849,1793,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,191,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[220,1368,191,1024]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxosomella decorata. A, Half contracted specimen in frontal view, with a large and two smaller buds. B, Foot of a large specimen showing details of the structure (Nomarski contrast); the arrowheads indicate the two cells of the putative duo-gland adhesive system. Photos courtesy of Dr Julia Merkel (Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375524/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The larvae are clearly of the small, planktotrophic
|
||
<typeStatus id="6051BDA1FFFBFFDF47F3703E6090E43D" box="[151,197,1827,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">type</typeStatus>
|
||
found for example in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFBFFDF46D6703E6304E43D" authority="Fuchs & Wanninger 2008" authorityName="Fuchs & Wanninger" authorityYear="2008" box="[434,849,1826,1850]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="atkinsae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF46D6703E6272E43D" box="[434,551,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">L. atkinsae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF4551703E631FE43D" author="Fuchs" box="[565,842,1827,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Fuchs, J. & Wanninger, A. (2008) Reconstruction of the neuromuscular system of the swimming-type larva of Loxosomella atkinsae (Entoprocta) as inferred by fluorescence labelling and confocal microscopy. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 8, 325 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2008.05.002" type="journal article" year="2008">Fuchs & Wanninger 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFBFFDF44E1703E64CEE43D" authority="Nielsen 1971" authorityName="Nielsen" authorityYear="1971" box="[901,1179,1826,1850]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF44E1703E63A6E43D" box="[901,1011,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">L. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF4364703E64C6E43D" author="Nielsen" box="[1024,1171,1827,1850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Nielsen, C. (1971) Entoproct life-cycles and the entoproct / ectoproct relationship. Ophelia, 9, 209 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1971.10430095" type="journal article" year="1971">Nielsen 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7F05088FFFBFFDC47A370586218E148" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="596" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF550303FFFBFFDC47A3705865C9E25B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1168,2024]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,591]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="596" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF47A37058616AE45A" bold="true" box="[199,319,1861,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
: About 120 species have been referred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFFBFFDF4410705863A9E45A" box="[884,1020,1861,1885]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF4410705863A9E45A" box="[884,1020,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Loxosomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="96AD626AFFFBFFDF4367705B6476E45A" box="[1027,1059,1862,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF4355705B6491E45A" author="Nielsen" box="[1073,1220,1862,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Nielsen, C. (2010) A review of the taxa of solitary entoprocts (Loxosomatidae). Zootaxa, 2395, 45 - 56." type="journal article" year="2010">Nielsen 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF43AB705B65C4E45A" author="Varela" box="[1231,1425,1861,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Varela, C., Tierno de Figueroa, J. M. & Sanchez-Tocino, L. (2011) A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the Atlantic Ocean: Loxosomella cubana n. sp. Zootaxa, 3051, 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Varela
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFFBFFDF427E705B6504E45A" box="[1306,1361,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is a wide variation of morphology, but a number of characters distinguish groups of species, which are sometimes treated as genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF46047096621DE4A5" author="Iseto" box="[352,584,1931,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Iseto, T. & Hirose, E. (2010) Comparative morphology of the foot structure of four genera of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta): Implications for foot functions and taxonomy. Journal of Morphology, 271, 1185 - 1196. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10863" type="journal article" year="2010">Iseto & Hirose 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most important characters are found in the morphology and fate of the differentiated foot of the buds, the defining character of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFFBFFDF440C70B3641CE4C2" author="Iseto" box="[872,1097,1966,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" refString="Iseto, T. & Hirose, E. (2010) Comparative morphology of the foot structure of four genera of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta): Implications for foot functions and taxonomy. Journal of Morphology, 271, 1185 - 1196. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10863" type="journal article" year="2010">Iseto & Hirose 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The attachment of the buds to the parent can be either with the tip of the foot or with the back side of the body. The foot can persist after attachment or be lost after having secreted the cement attaching the specimen permanently to the substratum (variable in a few species, see (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFF8FFDC47AF77A76137E3D6" author="Nielsen" box="[203,354,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" refString="Nielsen, C. (1964) Studies on Danish Entoprocta. Ophelia, 1, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1964">Nielsen 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFF8FFDC461677A762CDE3D6" author="Nielsen" box="[370,664,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" refString="Nielsen, C. & Jespersen, A. (1997) Entoprocta. In: Harrison, F. W. (Ed.), Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Fol. 13. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 13 - 43." type="journal article" year="1997">Nielsen & Jespersen 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)). The foot can have a pointed tip or it can have two or four small attachment organs at the tip, or papillae all the way around the foot; it may also have lateral, wing-like expansions. The number of tentacles seems to be rather constant in species with eight or ten tentacles, but to vary in species with higher numbers of tentacles. However species with 12 tentacles in the adults usually attain a stage with 10–12 tentacles already in the large buds, whereas species with higher numbers of tentacles appear to add new tentacles after settling of the buds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF550303FFF8FFDC47A376756218E148" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="596">
|
||
The new species has 12 tentacles in the adult and
|
||
<quantity id="7812AEE6FFF8FFDC45B37675635BE278" box="[727,782,360,383]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
the large buds. Its buds are attached to the parent with the tip of the foot, which is retained in the adults. The foot is of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="6051BDA1FFF8FFDC447676976315E2A6" box="[786,832,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="596">type</typeStatus>
|
||
close to that described from
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFF8FFDC431E76946551E2A6" box="[1146,1284,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="596">Loxoxomella</emphasis>
|
||
s.str. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFF8FFDC422E76976148E2C3" author="Iseto" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" refString="Iseto, T. & Hirose, E. (2010) Comparative morphology of the foot structure of four genera of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta): Implications for foot functions and taxonomy. Journal of Morphology, 271, 1185 - 1196. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10863" type="journal article" year="2010">Iseto & Hirose 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFF8FFDC464C76B06217E2C3" author="Nielsen" box="[296,578,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" refString="Nielsen, C. & Jespersen, A. (1997) Entoprocta. In: Harrison, F. W. (Ed.), Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Fol. 13. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 13 - 43." type="journal article" year="1997">Nielsen & Jespersen 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it shows a pair of characteristic attachment organs at the tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27D11F86FFF8FFDC426F76B06519E2C3" box="[1291,1356,429,452]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1045,1067]" captionTargetBox="[228,1362,191,1021]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[220,1368,191,1024]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Loxosomella decorata. A, Half contracted specimen in frontal view, with a large and two smaller buds. B, Foot of a large specimen showing details of the structure (Nomarski contrast); the arrowheads indicate the two cells of the putative duo-gland adhesive system. Photos courtesy of Dr Julia Merkel (Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/375524/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="596">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The foot lacks lateral wings. Among the previously described species, this combination of characters is found only in two species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFF8FFDC479676EF6135E10E" box="[242,352,497,521]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFF8FFDC479676EF6135E10E" box="[242,352,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="596">L. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFF8FFDC46F176EF6328E10E" authority="Rundell & Leander 2012" authorityName="Rundell & Leander" authorityYear="2012" box="[405,893,498,521]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="vancouverensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFF8FFDC46F176EF6200E10E" box="[405,597,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="596">L. vancouverensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB7B7EF2FFF8FFDC450076EF6320E10E" author="Rundell" box="[612,885,498,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" refString="Rundell, R. J. & Leander, B. S. (2012) Description and phylogenetic position of the first sand-dwelling entoproct from the western coast of North America: Loxosomella vancouverensis sp. nov. Marine Biology Research, 8, 284 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2011.619545" type="journal article" year="2012">Rundell & Leander 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78EA7880FFF8FFDC44E376EF63A0E10E" box="[903,1013,497,521]" class="Entoprocta" family="Loxosomatidae" genus="Loxosomella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coloniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="596" phylum="Kamptozoa" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D9EDF11FFF8FFDC44E376EF63A0E10E" box="[903,1013,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="596">L. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a prominent Y-shaped row of large cells on the posterior side if the body lacking in the new species and both species lack the characteristic scalloped lateroposterior edges of the attachment organs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |