1004 lines
70 KiB
XML
1004 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057" ID-PMC="PMC6031701" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-101-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDEFFE96861FF9F4264FFEFA61CC145" ID-PubMed="29997443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1305467" ModsDocID="1314-2003-101-1" checkinTime="1530177857167" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O." docDate="2018" docId="1EBAF40F8CCAA734B7CBC05E7FE07E53" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 101: 1-97" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 101" docPubDate="2018-06-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057" docTitle="Tradescantia fluminensis Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 140. 1829." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFDEFFE96861FF9F4264FFEFA61CC145" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFDEFFE96861FF9F4264FFEFA61CC145" masterDocTitle="Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. (Commelinaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668138924118" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. (Commelinaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>101</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>97</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-101-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDEFFE96861FF9F4264FFEFA61CC145</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1305467</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225025" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1EBAF40F8CCAA734B7CBC05E7FE07E53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1EBAF40F8CCAA734B7CBC05E7FE07E53" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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7.
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<taxonomicName authority="Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 140. 1829." authorityName="Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 140. 1829." class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">Tradescantia fluminensis Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 140. 1829.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. A habit, showing the mat-forming prostrate stems B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the setose margin of the leaf-sheath and the subpetiole C adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the impressed secondary veins D detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate cincinni bract base, the plicate petals and the pistil as long as the stamens E floral bud, showing the dorsally keeled sepals and the pilose indumentum restricted to the keels F front view of a flower, showing the plicate petals G dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum ca. 1 / 2 the length of the seed. Photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211913" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 20</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Distribution of Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. Light green- Amazon Forest; Orange- Cerrado; Red- Caatinga; Yellow- Chaco and Pantanal; Olive-green- Pampa; Dark green- Atlantic Forest; Purple- Andean Yungas." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211914" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">, 21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia albiflora" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albiflora">Tradescantia albiflora</taxonomicName>
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Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 84. 1843. Lectotype (designated here). s.loc., cultivated in Germany, Horto Berolinense, fl., s.dat., C.S. Kunth 165 (B barcode B100264915!; isolectotype: B barcode B100264916!).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" form="albovittata" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis subsp. f." order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="fluminensis" subSpecies="f.">Tradescantia fluminensis f. albovittata</taxonomicName>
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(Pynaert) Voss in Siebert & Voss, Vilm.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blumengärtn">Blumengaertn</normalizedToken>
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. ed. 3, 1: 1144. 1895.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia albovittata" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albovittata">Tradescantia albovittata</taxonomicName>
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Pynaert in Burvenich et al., Rev. Hort. Belge
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Étrangère">Etrangere</normalizedToken>
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(Eds Burvenich et al.) 11: 205. 1885. Lectotype (designated here). [illustration] Original chromolithograph at the Bureau de la Revue, Ghent, and later published in Burvenich et al., Rev. Hort. Belge
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Étrangère">Etrangere</normalizedToken>
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11: t. 16. 1885.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" form="aureovittata" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis subsp. f." order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="fluminensis" subSpecies="f.">Tradescantia fluminensis f. aureovittata</taxonomicName>
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Voss in Siebert & Voss, Vilm.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blumengärtn">Blumengaertn</normalizedToken>
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. ed. 3, 1: 1143. 1895. Type. not found.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia laekenensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laekenensis">Tradescantia laekenensis</taxonomicName>
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L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey, Hortus: 616. 1930, nom. nud.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia striata" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="striata">Tradescantia striata</taxonomicName>
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L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey, Hortus: 616. 1930, nom. nud.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Lectotype (designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/641.3" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="151 - 155" refId="B39" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, Forzza, RC, Sakuragui, CM, 2015. A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) species described in Vellozo's Flora fluminensis with notes on Brazilian Tradescantia. Taxon 64 (1): 151 - 155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/641.3" title="A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) species described in Vellozo's Flora fluminensis with notes on Brazilian Tradescantia." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/641.3" volume="64" year="2015">Pellegrini et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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[illustration] Original parchment plate of "
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Flora
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">Tradescantia fluminensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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" in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional of Rio de Janeiro [cat. no.: mss1198652_156] and later published in Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icones 3: t. 152. 1831.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Herbs</emphasis>
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ca. 15-50 cm tall, with an indefinite base, terrestrial, rupicolous or epiphytes.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stems</emphasis>
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prostrate with ascending apex, delicate to slightly succulent, little to densely branched; internodes 1.6-9 cm long at base, distally shorter, medium to dark green, glabrous, with a leaf-opposed longitudinal line of short, uniseriate, hyaline hairs in the terminal portion of the stems.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Leaves</emphasis>
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distichously-alternate, subpetiolate; ptyxis involute; sheaths 0.2-1.3 cm long, medium green, glabrous, margin densely setose, hairs hyaline to light brown; petiole 0.2-1.5 cm long to indistinct; blades (1.3-1.6-)2.2-11.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.6-0.8-)1.1-4.8 cm, elliptic to broadly elliptic or ovate to broadly ovate, flat, membranous to slightly succulent, glabrous on both sides, adaxially dark to medium green, abaxially light to medium green, turning olive-green or medium to dark brown when dry, base cordate to obtuse, rarely cuneate, margin green, ciliolate, flat, apex acute; midvein conspicuous, adaxially impressed, secondary veins conspicuous, adaxially impressed, abaxially conspicuous, becoming more evident on both sides when dry.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Synflorescences</emphasis>
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terminal or axillar in the distal portion of the stems, composed of a solitary main florescence, 1 per leaf axis.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Inflorescences (main florescences)</emphasis>
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consisting of a pedunculate double-cincinni fused back to back; peduncles 0.6-4.7 cm long, dark to medium green, glabrous to sparsely pilose near the cincinni bracts, with a longitudinal line of short, uniseriate, hyaline hairs, opposed to the first cincinni bract; cincinni bracts 1.1-5.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||
0.5-2.6 cm, similar to each other, ovate to broadly ovate, leaf-like, glabrous, medium to dark green, abaxially light to medium green, base cordate to obtuse, saccate, margin ciliolate, sometimes sparsely setose at base, flat, apex acute; double cincinni (4-)6-12-flowered.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Flowers</emphasis>
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1.5-2 cm diam., pedicels 0.6-1.5 cm long, medium green, glabrous to distally sparsely glandular-pubescent, hairs hyaline; floral buds ovoid; sepals 4.6-6.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.6-4.4 mm, dorsally keeled, medium green, pilose along the keel; petals 0.7-1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.6 mm, plicate, white; filaments 5-5.2 mm long, anthers 0.8-1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1 mm; ovary 1-2.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1.3 mm, style 3.5-4.4 mm long; pistil the same length as the stamens.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Capsules</emphasis>
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3.3-4.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.7-2.9 cm.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Seeds</emphasis>
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1.4-1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.1-1.2 mm, testa brown to greyish-brown, not cleft towards the embryotega, costate; hilum equal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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the length of the seed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Examined material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<collectingCountry name="Argentina">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: Berazategui, Conchitas, fl.,
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<date value="1919-12">Dec 1919</date>
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, A. Castellanos 794 (BA); La Plata, fl.,
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<date value="1928-10-18">18 Oct 1928</date>
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, A.L. Cabrera 441 (LP); fl.,
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<date value="1941-10-15">15 Oct 1941</date>
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, A.L. Cabrera 9796 (LP).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Chaco">Chaco</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: 1° de Mayo, Colonia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benítez">Benitez</normalizedToken>
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, fl.,
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<date value="1970-10-09">9 Oct 1970</date>
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, A.G. Schulz 17677 (CORD, CTES, SI).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Córdoba">
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<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Cordoba">Cordoba</collectingRegion>
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</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
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, fl.,
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<date value="1902-10-24">24 Oct 1902</date>
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, T.J.V. Stuckert 11937 (CORD); fl.,
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<date value="1902-11-25">25 Nov 1902</date>
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, T.J.V. Stuckert 12151
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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CORD); Punilla, Capilla del Monte, en las proximidades del Cerro El Zapato, fl.,
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<date value="1955-05-30">30 May 1955</date>
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, M.M. Job s.n. (BA no. 29081).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Corrientes">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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: Mercedes, Macrosistema Ibera, Estancia Rincon del Diablo, fl.,
|
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<date value="1998-08-28">28 Aug 1998</date>
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, M.M. Arbo et al. 8010 (CORD, CTES); Santo
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
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||
, Garruchos, destacamento de Prefectura a orillas del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Uruguay, fl.,
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||
<date value="1993-09-06">6 Sep 1993</date>
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, M.M. Arbo et al. 5826 (CTES).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Misiones">Misiones</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cainguás">Cainguas</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Predio UNLP Reserva Privada Valle del Arroyo
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cuña">Cuna</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pirú">Piru</normalizedToken>
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||
,
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="márgenes">margenes</normalizedToken>
|
||
del arroyo
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cuña">Cuna</normalizedToken>
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pirú">Piru</normalizedToken>
|
||
, cerca del
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="balneário">balneario</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2000-03-14">14 Mar 2000</date>
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||
, F. Biganzoli et al. 800 (CORD); Candelaria, Bonpland, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1906-10">Oct 1906</date>
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||
, H. Van de Venne 67 (BA);
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
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||
, Ruta Nacional 14, Km 315, camino de San Vicente a San Pedro,
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="desvío">desvio</normalizedToken>
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||
hacia el obraje de M.
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carré">Carre</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
de R-14, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1996-02-13">13 Feb 1996</date>
|
||
, O. Morrone et al. 747 (CORD); San Ignacio,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Teyucuaré">Teyucuare</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñón">Penon</normalizedToken>
|
||
Reina Victoria, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1972-09-25">25 Sep 1972</date>
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||
, A. Schinini 5603 (CORD); San Pedro, Parque Provincial Cruce Caballero, picada al NW, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1997-09-23">23 Sep 1997</date>
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||
, F.O. Zuloaga & O. Morrone 6478 (CORD).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Santa Fe">Santa Fe</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Santa Fe</collectingRegion>
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||
, fl.,
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||
<date value="1984-09-01">1 Sep 1984</date>
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||
, A. Gagneten 25 (CORD).
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
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||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Aracruz,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraná">Guarana</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ribeirão">Ribeirao</normalizedToken>
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||
do Meio, fl.,
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||
<date value="1993-07-30">30 Jul 1993</date>
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||
, M. Pignal H310 (BAH, P); Castelo, Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2004-11-01">1 Nov 2004</date>
|
||
, L. Kollmann 7221 (MBML); trilha para o Forninho, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2008-10-15">15 Oct 2008</date>
|
||
, R.C. Forzza et al. 5334 (CEPEC, MBML, RB, UPCB); Vargem Alta, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1946-09-02">2 Sep 1946</date>
|
||
, A.C. Brade 19416 (RB); Domingos Martins, between
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pedro de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Urânia">Urania</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Pedra Azul, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1986-07-31">31 Jul 1986</date>
|
||
, T.B. Croat 61837 (MO, R); Santa Maria de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jequitibá">Jequitiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Pedra do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garrafão">Garrafao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2015-08-23">23 Aug 2015</date>
|
||
, M.C. Almeida 121 (R).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caeté">Caete</normalizedToken>
|
||
, alto da Serra da Piedade, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2002-11-09">9 Nov 2002</date>
|
||
, J.A. Lombardi 4933 (HRCB, US); Caldas, Serra de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Domingos, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2013-02-28">28 Feb 2013</date>
|
||
, M.O.O. Pellegrini & J.F. Barbosa 321 (RB); Tiradentes, Serra de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1987-10-03">3 Oct 1987</date>
|
||
, M. Peron 358 (RB).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Parana">Parana</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carambeí">Carambei</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Catanduva de Fora, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2013-08-25">25 Aug 2013</date>
|
||
, M.E. Engels 1469 (ALCB, FURB, HCF, JOI, MBM, RB, UNOP, UPCB); Catanduvas, Barra do Guarani, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1974-10-10">10 Oct 1974</date>
|
||
, G. Hatschbach & P. Pelanda 35124 (K, MBM); Curitiba, Parque Barigui, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1970-11-10">10 Nov 1970</date>
|
||
, L.T. Drombowski & Y.S. Kuniyoshi 3069 (MBM, US); fl., 18 Nov 197, R. Kummrow 107 (K, MBM); Campina do Siqueira, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1966-11-20">20 Nov 1966</date>
|
||
, C. Stellfeld 1643 (UPCB, US); Jardim
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Curitiba, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1993-08-26">26 Aug 1993</date>
|
||
, J. Cordeiro & J.M. Silva 1092 (FLOR, MBM, UEC, US); fl.,
|
||
<date value="2014-09-24">24 Sep 2014</date>
|
||
, M.O.O. Pellegrini et al. 407 (US); Parque Municipal
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Capão">Capao</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Embuia, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2014-09-25">25 Sep 2014</date>
|
||
, M.O.O. Pellegrini et al. 410 (RB); Itapecerica da Serra, Aldeinha, BR-116, km 299, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1998-10-05">5 Oct 1998</date>
|
||
, L.N. Hara s.n. (FUEL no. 29803);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mariópolis">Mariopolis</normalizedToken>
|
||
, rodovia Pato Branco-Palmas, km 205, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1999-11-21">21 Nov 1999</date>
|
||
, D.C. Rocha s.n. (BOTU no. 23008); Palmeira, fl., s.dat., T.A. Preston s.n. (K barcode K001248126);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
dos Pinhais, Caminho do Vinho,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="área">area</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="plantação">plantacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="agrião">agriao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="2014-09-25">25 Sep 2014</date>
|
||
, M.O.O. Pellegrini et al. 413 (RB).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: s.loc., fl., fr., s.dat., G. Gardner s.n. (K barcode K001248117); fl., s.dat., C. Gaudichaud 340 (P); fl., s.dat., J. Miers 3031 (K); fl., fr., s.dat., F. Sellow 186 (K); environs de
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, fl., 1843, M. Weddel 180 (P); fl., fr., 1843, M. Weddel 595 (P); fl., 1843, M. Weddel 598 (P); Guapimirim, Granja Monte Olivete, margem do Rio Bananal, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1993-11-17">17 Nov 1993</date>
|
||
, J.M.A. Braga et al. 844 (RB); Rio Bananal, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1995-08-16">16 Aug 1995</date>
|
||
, J.A. Lira Neto et al. 94 (RB); Mangaratiba, Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Rio das Pedras,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
|
||
ao
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="poço">poco</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Rio Grande, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1996-11-31">31 Nov 1996</date>
|
||
, J.A. Lira Neto et al. 472 (RB); Nova Friburgo, Morro da
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caledônia">Caledonia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1977-06-08">8 Jun 1977</date>
|
||
, G. Martinelli et al. 2465 (RB);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Macaé">Macae</normalizedToken>
|
||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||
de Cima, Fazenda Ouro Verde, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1994-07-30">30 Jul 1994</date>
|
||
, C.M. Vieira et al. 610 (RB); fl.,
|
||
<date value="2012-01-26">26 Jan 2012</date>
|
||
, M.O.O. Pellegrini et al. 208 (RB); Mury, Cachoeira do Rio das Flores, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1986-07-24">24 Jul 1986</date>
|
||
, M. Leitman 135 (RB); fl.,
|
||
<date value="2004-10-10">10 Oct 2004</date>
|
||
, A.F.P. Machado 363 (RB, SPF);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl., s.dat., T.A. Preston s.n. (K barcode K001248127); prope
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1882-07-10" valueMax="1882-07-16" valueMin="1882-07-10">10-16 Jul 1882</date>
|
||
, J. Bal s.n. (K barcode K001248130); Cascatinha, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1943-07-18">18 Jul 1943</date>
|
||
, O.C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goés">Goes</normalizedToken>
|
||
& D. Constantino 348 (RB); fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1944-07">Jul 1944</date>
|
||
, O.C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goés">Goes</normalizedToken>
|
||
& E. Dionisio 797 (RB); Estrada da Saudade, Morro Seco, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1943-12">Dec 1943</date>
|
||
, O.C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goés">Goes</normalizedToken>
|
||
& E. Constantino 920 (RB); fl.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Castelânea">Castelanea</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<date value="2010-09-08">8 Sep 2010</date>
|
||
, M.O.O. Pellegrini 48 (RB, RFA); Resende, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, margem do Rio Campo Belo, perto do lote 17, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1977-10-17">17 Oct 1977</date>
|
||
, V.F. Ferreira & Briolanjo 136 (RB); Rio Claro,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lídice">Lidice</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Parque Estadual Cunhambebe, caminho para o Alto da Serra,
|
||
<date value="2013-08-07">7 Aug 2013</date>
|
||
, fl., fr., B.C. Bandeira et al. 256 (RB);
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Serra do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andaraí">Andarai</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1946-12-19">19 Dec 1946</date>
|
||
, L.E. Mello-Filho 529 (R); Tijuca, caminho do Morro do Archer, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1948-11-10">10 Nov 1948</date>
|
||
, A.C. Brade et al. s.n. (RB no. 65375); Parque Nacional da Tijuca, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1995-10-27">27 Oct 1995</date>
|
||
, M.G. Bovini et al. 899 (RB); Corcovado, fl., fr., 1837, G. Gardner 135 (K, P); Paineiras, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1879-10-05">5 Oct 1879</date>
|
||
, R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Galvão">Galvao</normalizedToken>
|
||
143 (P); trilha para o Morro da Cocanha, Alto da Boa Vista, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1994-01-16">16 Jan 1994</date>
|
||
, J.M.A. Braga & R. Neves 943 (RB); fl.,
|
||
<date value="1996-11-01">1 Nov 1996</date>
|
||
, J.M.A. Braga 3647 (RB); Vargem Grande, Morro do Manga Larga, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1995-12-02">2 Dec 1995</date>
|
||
, C.M. Vieira et al. 758 (RB); Santa Maria Madalena, fl., fr., s.dat., A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lisbôa">Lisboa</normalizedToken>
|
||
s.n. (RB no. 2653); Fazenda da
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">
|
||
Boa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1942-09-11">11 Sep 1942</date>
|
||
, L.E. Mello-Filho 88 (R); Mata do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Garrafão">Garrafao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1917-05">May 1917</date>
|
||
, A. Sampaio 2655 (R); Parque Nacional da Serra dos
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Trilha Suspensa, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2011-09-23">23 Sep 2011</date>
|
||
, C.P. Bruniera et al. 385 (RB, SPFR); fl.,
|
||
<date value="2012-10-22">22 Oct 2012</date>
|
||
, D.O. Dinato et al. 11 (HRCB, UPCB);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Praça">Praca</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Barragem, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2014-09-12">12 Sep 2014</date>
|
||
, L.S.B. Calazans et al. 448 (RB); Venda Nova, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2004-08-22">22 Aug 2004</date>
|
||
, C.H.R. Paula 650 (RB).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Arroio do Ouro, Vale Real, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1998-08-31">31 Aug 1998</date>
|
||
, S. Diesel 1521 (US);
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Cachoeira do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fazenda
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Carlos, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1987-09">Sep 1987</date>
|
||
, N. Silveira & J. Mattos 6681 (HAS); Canela, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2006-11-10">10 Nov 2006</date>
|
||
, M.L. Guedes 12706 (ALCB); Erehim, campus da Uri, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1993-10-21">21 Oct 1993</date>
|
||
, A. Butzke 10824 (US); Esteio, prope Porte Alegre, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1948-11-24">24 Nov 1948</date>
|
||
, B. Rambo 38326 (HBR); Centro dos Trabalhadores, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1974-11">Nov 1974</date>
|
||
, M.L. Porto & L. Aguiar s.n. (HAS no. 1533); Farroupilha, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1956-10-26">26 Oct 1956</date>
|
||
, O.R. Camargo 885 (PACA); Montenegro, Pareci, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1945-10-10">10 Oct 1945</date>
|
||
, E. Henz s.n. (PACA no. 32711); fl.,
|
||
<date value="1949-08-17">17 Aug 1949</date>
|
||
, B. Rambo 43004 (K, LIL, PACA); Porto Alegre, fl., s.dat., O.R. Camargo 2454 (PACA); Morro do
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sabiá">Sabia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1949-10-05">5 Oct 1949</date>
|
||
, B. Rambo 43764 (K, LIL, PACA); Vila Manresa, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1945-11-27">27 Nov 1945</date>
|
||
, B. Rambo 30667 (K, PACA); Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Lami, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2003-09">Sep 2003</date>
|
||
, A.S. Mello & D. Fuhro s.n. (HAS no. 45477);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco de Paula, Cambara, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1948-02">Feb 1948</date>
|
||
, R. Rambo 36590 (PACA);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Leopoldo, fl., 1907, F. Theissen s.n. (PACA no. 25293); Silveira Martins, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2011-10-06">6 Oct 2011</date>
|
||
, G.A. Dettke & J. Durigon 959 (ICN);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Taquarí">Taquari</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Experimental de Pomicultura, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1958-11-08">8 Nov 1958</date>
|
||
, O.R. Camargo 3319 (PACA);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Triúnfo">Triunfo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Bom Jardim, CMN 7, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1977-08">Aug 1977</date>
|
||
, I. Ungaretti 532 (HAS);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Viamão">Viamao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, bairro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarumã">Taruma</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="região">regiao</normalizedToken>
|
||
do entorno do Lago
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarumã">Taruma</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl., s.dat., P.J.S. Silva Filho 1597 (ICN).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Bocaina do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pessegueiros, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2010-11-08">8 Nov 2010</date>
|
||
, G.A. Dettke 476 (ICN); Bom Jardim da Serra, Serra do Rio do Rastro, fl., s.dat., M. Sobral et al. 9019 (ICN); Ibirama, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1953-10-20">20 Oct 1953</date>
|
||
, R.M.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">Klein</pageBreakToken>
|
||
614 (HBR); Itapiranga, proximidades do Rio Uruguai, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1951-02-06">6 Feb 1951</date>
|
||
, B. Rambo 49832 (PACA); Rodeio, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2015-10-19">19 Oct 2015</date>
|
||
, L.A. Funez 4550 (FURB);
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bento do Sul
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Trilha do Parque Florestal do SAMAE, pequeno remanescente de mata
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="próximo">proximo</normalizedToken>
|
||
a estrada, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2014-09-28">28 Sep 2014</date>
|
||
, M.O.O. Pellegrini & P. Schwirkowski 420 (RB);
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco do Sul
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2008-10-13">13 Oct 2008</date>
|
||
, T.G. Fendrich 7136 (HUFSJ, JOI);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Timbó">Timbo</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Centro, margem do Rio dos Cedros, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2014-10-11">11 Oct 2014</date>
|
||
, L.A. Funez 3558 (FURB); Turvo, Arar,
|
||
<date value="1943-10-20">20.x.1943</date>
|
||
, fl., R. Reitz 73 (HBR, RB).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: s.loc., fl.,
|
||
<date value="1942-08">Aug 1942</date>
|
||
, s.leg. s.n. (CESJ no. 812, HAS no. 67752); Biritiba Mirim,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boracéia">Boraceia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1983-09-29">29 Sep 1983</date>
|
||
, A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Custódio">Custodio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Filho 1568 (RB, SP); Campinas, Fazenda Santa Eliza, Mon
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">jolinho</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2004-09-09">9 Sep 2004</date>
|
||
, J.L.M. Aranha Filho et al. 26 (UEC); Cunha, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2015-09-07">7 Sep 2015</date>
|
||
, A. Maruyama & L. Cicco 40 (SPSF); fl.,
|
||
<date value="2015-10-12">12 Oct 2015</date>
|
||
, A. Maruyama & L. Cicco 134 (SPSF); fl.,
|
||
<date value="2015-10-12">12 Oct 2015</date>
|
||
, A. Maruyama & L. Cicco 151 (SPSF); Reserva Estadual de Cunha, Instituto Florestal, Secretaria de Agricultura, fl., fr.,
|
||
<date value="1979-11-20">20 Nov 1979</date>
|
||
, A. Fonseca Vaz 294 (RADAM, RB); Itapeva, rodovia Francisco Alves
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Negrão">Negrao</normalizedToken>
|
||
, SP-258, entre
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Itapeva-Itararé">Itapeva-Itarare</normalizedToken>
|
||
, km 289, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2007-10-23">23 Oct 2007</date>
|
||
, R.C. Forzza et al. 4765 (CEPEC, RB, SPF); Santo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="André">Andre</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba, fl.,
|
||
<date value="2006-10-11">11 Oct 2006</date>
|
||
, M. Kirizawa 3550 (RB, SP);
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Butantã">Butanta</normalizedToken>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1919-09-16">16 Sep 1919</date>
|
||
, F.C. Hoehne s.n. (SP no. 3414); Mandaqui, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1913-05">May 1913</date>
|
||
, Toledo 637 (RB); Jardim
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
|
||
e Parque do estado, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1968-08-12">12 Aug 1968</date>
|
||
, T. Sendulksy 981 (RB, SP); mata do Instituto de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânica">Botanica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1976-11-22">22 Nov 1976</date>
|
||
, F.S. Cavalcante & I.T. Menezes 5 (RB, SP); arredores do Castelinho do Instituto de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânica">Botanica</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1980-11-21">21 Nov 1980</date>
|
||
, N.A. Rosa & J.M. Pires 3824 (INPA, K); fl.,
|
||
<date value="1982-10-14">14 Oct 1982</date>
|
||
, M.C.B.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Attié">Attie</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 52 (RB, SP); Reserva da Cidade
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Universitária">Universitaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
Armando de Salles Oliveira, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1998-08-18">18 Aug 1998</date>
|
||
, M. Groppo Jr. 345 (SP, SPF); Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1979-04-20">20 Apr 1979</date>
|
||
, M. Kirizawa 418 (RB, SP); fl.,
|
||
<date value="1979-06-20">20 Jun 1979</date>
|
||
, M. Kirizawa 419 (RB, SP); fl.,
|
||
<date value="1979-06-25">25 Jun 1979</date>
|
||
, J.A. Correa 94 (RB, SP); fl.,
|
||
<date value="1980-09-09">9 Sep 1980</date>
|
||
, M.G.L. Wanderley 138 (RB, SP); fl.,
|
||
<date value="1982-09-01">1 Sep 1982</date>
|
||
, R.D. Marassi 5 (K, RB, SP).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Paraguay">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Itapúa">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Paraguay" name="Itapua">Itapua</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Isla
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yacyretá">Yacyreta</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Zona de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="transición">transicion</normalizedToken>
|
||
, extremo de dunas, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1992-08-14">14 Aug 1992</date>
|
||
, A.B. Pin 207 (CORD, CTES).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Uruguay">URUGUAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Without province
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: s.loc., fl.,
|
||
<date value="1912-02-23">23 Feb 1912</date>
|
||
, P. Serre s.n. (P barcode P01639779).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Uruguay" name="Canelones">Canelones</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Santa Lucia, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1922-11-14">14 Nov 1922</date>
|
||
, H.M. Smith 63 (US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Uruguay" name="Montevideo">Montevideo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: s.loc., fl., s.dat., J. Tweedie s.n. (K); Malvin, fl., s.dat., F. Felippone 4565 (CORD); Nico Perez, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1947-11-25">25 Nov 1947</date>
|
||
, W.G.F. Herter 436d (SI, US); Peniarolli, fl.,
|
||
<date value="1926-10">Oct 1926</date>
|
||
, W.G.F. Herter 436a (P).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Argentina and Brazil (states of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay and Uruguay; in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Chaco and Pampa domains (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Distribution of Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. Light green- Amazon Forest; Orange- Cerrado; Red- Caatinga; Yellow- Chaco and Pantanal; Olive-green- Pampa; Dark green- Atlantic Forest; Purple- Andean Yungas." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211914" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">21</figureCitation>
|
||
). It can be found growing as terrestrial or epiphyte understorey in shaded moist forests, as a weed and at roadsides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">It was found in bloom throughout the year but peaking during the rainy season and being less commonly in bloom during the dry season. Fruiting seems to be uncommon, with most fruiting specimens recorded in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The epithet "
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
" makes reference to the region the species was originally described, the state of Rio de Janeiro.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a wide EOO (ca. 1,440,097.589 km2), being also an aggressive weed worldwide known to occur in Australia, Bermuda, Italy, Japan, Kenya, New Zealand, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Saint Lucia, South Africa, Swaziland and USA. (Hunt 2001;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0568.1" author="Burns, JH" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Applications" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="335 - 347" refId="B8" refString="Burns, JH, 2008. Demographic performance predicts invasiveness of species in the Commelinaceae under high-nutrient conditions. Ecological Applications 18 (2): 335 - 347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0568.1" title="Demographic performance predicts invasiveness of species in the Commelinaceae under high-nutrient conditions." url="https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0568.1" volume="18" year="2008">Burns 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.11.013" author="Fowler, SV" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="323 - 329" refId="B14" refString="Fowler, SV, Barreto, R, Dodd, S, Macedo, DM, Paynter, Q, Pedrosa-Macedo, JH, Pereira, OL, Peterson, P, Smith, L, Waipara, N, Winks, CJ, Forrester, G, 2013. Tradescantia fluminensis, an exotic weed affecting native forest regeneration in New Zealand: Ecological surveys, safety tests and releases of four biocontrol agents from Brazil. Biological Control 64: 323 - 329, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.11.013" title="Tradescantia fluminensis, an exotic weed affecting native forest regeneration in New Zealand: Ecological surveys, safety tests and releases of four biocontrol agents from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.11.013" volume="64" year="2013">Fowler et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="GSID" journalOrPublisher="Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" publicationUrl="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=497" refId="B16" refString="GSID, 2015. Species profile: Tradescantia fluminensis. http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=497" title="Species profile: Tradescantia fluminensis." url="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=497" year="2015">GSID 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. observ.). Thus, following the IUCN recommendations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B25" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it should be considered Least Concern (LC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclatural notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. geniculata" order="Liliales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="geniculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. geniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vell. (≡
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Liliales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the first two species currently placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Liliales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vellozo, JMC [1825]" journalOrPublisher="Harper & Row Publishers, New York" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="B50" refString="Vellozo, JMC [1825], 1829. Florae fluminensis. Typographia Nationali, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1-352." title="Florae fluminensis. Typographia Nationali, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1 - 352." year="1829">Vellozo 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vellozo, JMC [1827]" journalOrPublisher="Harper & Row Publishers, New York" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="B51" refString="Vellozo, JMC [1827], 1831. Florae fluminensis Icones, vol. 1. Lithogr. Senefelder, Paris, France, 1-153." title="Florae fluminensis Icones, vol. 1. Lithogr. Senefelder, Paris, France, 1 - 153." year="1831">1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They were both described in the infamous
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Florae" lsidName="Florae fluminensis" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Florae</pageBreakToken>
|
||
fluminensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Friar
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
Mariano da
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conceição">Conceicao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Vellozo, based on specimens collected by him in the state of Rio de Janeiro (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/641.3" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="151 - 155" refId="B39" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, Forzza, RC, Sakuragui, CM, 2015. A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) species described in Vellozo's Flora fluminensis with notes on Brazilian Tradescantia. Taxon 64 (1): 151 - 155, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/641.3" title="A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) species described in Vellozo's Flora fluminensis with notes on Brazilian Tradescantia." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/641.3" volume="64" year="2015">Pellegrini et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
When describing
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. albovittata" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="albovittata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. albovittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Pynaert (in Burvenich et al. 1885) makes no reference to any herbarium specimen. Nonetheless, the author presents a gorgeous chromolithograph that shows the habit of the plant and its characteristic white-striped leaves. Thus, I designate the original illustration as the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. albovittata" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="albovittata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. albovittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and reduce it to a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stafleu, FA" journalOrPublisher="Harper & Row Publishers, New York" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="B45" refString="Stafleu, FA, Cowan, RS, 1986. Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types, ed. 2, Vol. 6. Regnum Vegetabile 115. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Rugell, Sweden, 1-926." title="Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types, ed. 2, Vol. 6. Regnum Vegetabile 115. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag, Rugell, Sweden, 1 - 926." year="1986">Stafleu and Cowan (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is unknown where the specimens of any names described by A. Voss are housed. Voss (in Siebert and Voss 1895), makes no reference to any kind of studied specimen and presents no illustration for most of his names, which prevents the designation of lectotypes. Since no specimens matching the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" form="aureovittata" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis subsp. f." order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="form" species="fluminensis" subSpecies="f.">T. fluminensis f. aureovittata</taxonomicName>
|
||
were located, I was unable to designate neotypes for it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been misapplied to almost all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even to species from the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="crassula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. crassula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Here I consider
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a much lesser variable entity than accepted by previous authors (e.g. Seubert 1871;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, CB" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="B10" refString="Clarke, CB, 1881. Commelinaceae. In: De Candolle ALPP, De Candolle ACP (Eds) Monographiae Phanerogamarum, vol. 3. Sumptibus G. Masson, Paris, 113-324[t. I-VIII]." title="Commelinaceae. In: De Candolle ALPP, De Candolle ACP (Eds) Monographiae Phanerogamarum, vol. 3. Sumptibus G. Masson, Paris, 113 - 324 [t. I-VIII]." year="1881">Clarke 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" author="Hunt, DR" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="437 - 422" refId="B22" refString="Hunt, DR, 1980. Sections and series in Tradescantia. In: American Commelinaceae, vol. IX. Kew Bulletin 35 (2): 437 - 422, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" title="Sections and series in Tradescantia. In: American Commelinaceae, vol. IX." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" volume="35" year="1980">Hunt 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. chrysophylla" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. hertweckii" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="hertweckii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. hertweckii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. mundula" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="mundula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. mundula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. umbraculifera" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="umbraculifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. umbraculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to their indefinite base, prostrate stems with ascending apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. A habit, showing the mat-forming prostrate stems B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the setose margin of the leaf-sheath and the subpetiole C adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the impressed secondary veins D detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate cincinni bract base, the plicate petals and the pistil as long as the stamens E floral bud, showing the dorsally keeled sepals and the pilose indumentum restricted to the keels F front view of a flower, showing the plicate petals G dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum ca. 1 / 2 the length of the seed. Photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211913" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">20A</figureCitation>
|
||
), involute ptyxis, saccate cincinni bracts (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. A habit, showing the mat-forming prostrate stems B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the setose margin of the leaf-sheath and the subpetiole C adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the impressed secondary veins D detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate cincinni bract base, the plicate petals and the pistil as long as the stamens E floral bud, showing the dorsally keeled sepals and the pilose indumentum restricted to the keels F front view of a flower, showing the plicate petals G dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum ca. 1 / 2 the length of the seed. Photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211913" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">20D</figureCitation>
|
||
), white petals (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. A habit, showing the mat-forming prostrate stems B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the setose margin of the leaf-sheath and the subpetiole C adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the impressed secondary veins D detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate cincinni bract base, the plicate petals and the pistil as long as the stamens E floral bud, showing the dorsally keeled sepals and the pilose indumentum restricted to the keels F front view of a flower, showing the plicate petals G dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum ca. 1 / 2 the length of the seed. Photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211913" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">20D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), seeds with uncleft testa towards the embryotega and hilum
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
the length of the seed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. A habit, showing the mat-forming prostrate stems B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the setose margin of the leaf-sheath and the subpetiole C adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the impressed secondary veins D detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate cincinni bract base, the plicate petals and the pistil as long as the stamens E floral bud, showing the dorsally keeled sepals and the pilose indumentum restricted to the keels F front view of a flower, showing the plicate petals G dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum ca. 1 / 2 the length of the seed. Photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211913" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">20G</figureCitation>
|
||
). It can be easily differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. chrysophylla" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its subpetiolate leaves with impressed secondary veins (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
sessile leaves with inconspicuous secondary veins, in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. chrysophylla" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), blades glabrous or unevenly covered by indumentum (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
evenly covered by indumentum) and sepals dorsally keeled (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
sepals without dorsal keels). It is morphologically more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. hertweckii" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="hertweckii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. hertweckii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. mundula" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="mundula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. mundula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. umbraculifera" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="umbraculifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. umbraculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to their leaves with impressed secondary veins, dorsally keeled sepals and petals always white.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. mundula" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="mundula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. mundula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to its glabrous stems (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
strigose in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. mundula" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="mundula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. mundula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), leaves glabrous (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
unevenly to evenly strigose), blades membranous to slightly succulent and abaxially light to medium green (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
chartaceous and abaxially completely to partially vinaceous), sepals pilose with hairs restricted to the keels (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
evenly velutine) and plicate petals (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
flat).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. umbraculifera" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="umbraculifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. umbraculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to its subpetiolate leaves (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
sessile in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. umbraculifera" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="umbraculifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. umbraculifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), leaf-like cincinni bracts (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
spathaceous), pedicels green at anthesis (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
white), petals plicate (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
flat) and pistil as long as the stamens (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
longer than the stamens).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily identified in the field, due to its emerald green and glossy leaves, that give healthy plants a characteristic plastic aspect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
As aforementioned,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a popular potted plant, as well as an aggressive weed worldwide. However, many cultivated specimens or weedy populations studied by me actually represent other species from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In cultivation, many plants are referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. albiflora" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="albiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. albiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth, which is here kept as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nonetheless, they actually represent specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. mundula" order="Liliales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="mundula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. mundula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, more
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">rarely</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="crassula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. crassula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Alternatively, the only other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to me to have been introduced in cultivation is the pink and lilac flowered forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cerinthoides" order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="cerinthoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. cerinthoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, generally treated by gardeners as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. blossfeldiana" order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="blossfeldiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. blossfeldiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In cultivation,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rarely set seeds and commonly reproduces itself by stem fragmentation. Seed production seems to be also uncommon throughout most of its native range, being only recurrently observed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The reason for this is unknown, since all observed native populations and all specimens kept in cultivation were consistently seen being visited by several insects. My hypothesis is that
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually represents a self-incompatible species and thus some subpopulations are incapable of producing seeds, since they might be exclusively composed of clonal individuals. I believe that, in light of the present taxonomic revision, the reproductive biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Liliales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, should be properly studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1305531" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211913" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vell.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A</emphasis>
|
||
habit, showing the mat-forming prostrate stems
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the setose margin of the leaf-sheath and the subpetiole
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
|
||
adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the impressed secondary veins
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate cincinni bract base, the plicate petals and the pistil as long as the stamens
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E</emphasis>
|
||
floral bud, showing the dorsally keeled sepals and the pilose indumentum restricted to the keels
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">F</emphasis>
|
||
front view of a flower, showing the plicate petals
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">G</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum ca.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
the length of the seed. Photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1305533" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211914" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tradescantia fluminensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vell. Light green- Amazon Forest; Orange- Cerrado; Red- Caatinga; Yellow- Chaco and Pantanal; Olive-green- Pampa; Dark green- Atlantic Forest; Purple- Andean Yungas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |