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<document id="03572DE8427A93875DA033CB0F66D372" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema nemorum D. M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="F6B70352CF5B28DCAE727FA450A64EC1">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A103447BA7A0320D00C73E928CE25FC4">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CF6E4955CF03A183A6E075EDF263D5C8">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="568C076C71F2227137C77F313570B992">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA33B24FC38AE1531137857286409B86" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5409-9518</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="96F2EBC47C3EF6FFFBD56F65E12E529C">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A609DD9D62ABF3134A313970AE3F2490" type="email">nicolas.magain@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4EA04A6DB273D4B6CF11DFFC56B0F15B">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A28F2FA8D80C8E0FBE4537A93F3F3AEC">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="CCA34701ACC11E760E447588E63EEE2D">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDC2F2EFF1AFE8FFBF8FEC1" blockId="68.[136,1452,266,616]" box="[136,1127,266,293]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<heading id="D0A48034FFDC2F2EFF1AFE8FFBF8FEC1" box="[136,1127,266,293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDC2F2EFF1AFE8FFD60FEC0" authority="D.M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus." authorityName="D. M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus." box="[136,767,266,293]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF1AFE8FFE0FFEC1" bold="true" box="[136,400,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Parmotrema nemorum</emphasis>
D.M. Masson, Magain &amp; Sérus.
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, 
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</emphasis>
MycoBank no. 853873
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDC2F2EFF1AFEB6FE79FE50" blockId="68.[136,1452,266,616]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF1AFEB6FF6EFEAC" bold="true" box="[136,241,306,328]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDC2F2EFEFFFEB7FB93FEAC" authority="(J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr.) Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[365,1036,306,328]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFEFFFEB7FDC7FEA3" box="[365,600,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Parmotrema amaniense</emphasis>
(J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr.) Krog &amp; Swinscow
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by the constant presence of protolichesterinic acid in addition to alectoronic and protocetraric acids as major medullary extrolites, the amphithecium developing prominent veins with coarse isidioid structures, the occasional presence of laminal isidia, and the occasional occurrence of a reddish purple pigment in the medulla.
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDC2F2EFF1AFE46FE22FDC4" collectingDate="2015-08-13" collectorName="D. Masson" country="France" elevation="185" latitude="-21.194443" location="Bois Blanc" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="55.813053" municipality="Sainte-Rose" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF1AFE46FF7AFE33" bold="true" box="[136,229,450,471]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDC2F2EFF1AFE46FF7AFE33" box="[136,229,450,471]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDC2F2EFE90FE46FEF9FE33" box="[258,358,450,471]" name="France" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDC2F2EFEFCFE46FE5CFE3C" box="[366,451,450,472]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDC2F2EFE5EFE46FDDDFE3C" box="[460,578,450,472]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sainte-Rose</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDC2F2EFDD9FE46FD29FE3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDC2F2EFDD9FE46FD29FE3C" box="[587,694,450,472]" country="France" latitude="-21.194443" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="55.813053" municipality="Sainte-Rose" name="Bois Blanc" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="Reunion">Bois Blanc</location>
, route forestière 18, elev. 
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<elevation id="007ED06BFFDC2F2EFC3EFE46FC75FE33" box="[940,1002,450,472]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="185.0">185 m</elevation>
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDC2F2EFC61FE46FBF9FE33" box="[1011,1126,450,471]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-21.194443">21°11’40”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDC2F2EFBE2FE46FB7AFE3C" box="[1136,1253,450,472]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" precision="15" seconds="47" value="55.813053">55°48’47”E</geoCoordinate>
, landscaped lowland rainforest with tree plantations and recreation areas, on bark of a trunk of an unidentified tree, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDC2F2EFBD3FE62FB45FE18" box="[1089,1242,486,508]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2015-08-13">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDC2F2EFBD3FE62FB45FE18" box="[1089,1242,486,508]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</collectingDate>
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, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFB76FE63FA34FE1F" box="[1252,1451,486,508]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDC2F2EFB76FE63FAD3FE18" box="[1252,1356,487,508]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">D. Masson</collectorName>
974.4634
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(MNHN-PC-PC0088076).
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</paragraph>
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GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDC2F2EFE49FDAAFE67FDA7" box="[475,504,558,579]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">PP</collectionCode>
840447), mtSSU (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDC2F2EFD37FDAAFD5EFDA0" box="[677,705,558,580]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">PP</collectionCode>
842572), EF1-α (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDC2F2EFCF4FDAAFC1CFDA0" box="[870,899,558,580]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">PP</collectionCode>
852834).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDC2F2EFF1AFDCAFF75FD8C" blockId="68.[136,1452,266,616]" box="[136,234,590,616]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDC2F2EFF02FDCAFF7DFD8C" box="[144,226,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDC2F2EFF1AFD12FAE2F920" blockId="68.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF1AFD12FF43FD54" box="[136,220,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFBABFD12FB1EFD55" box="[1081,1153,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="28.0">28 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFB5CFD12FA89FD55" box="[1230,1302,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFAFAFD12FA34FD54" box="[1384,1451,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lobes</emphasis>
irregular, contiguous or imbricate, apices ± rounded, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFD4FFD3EFCD7FD31" box="[733,840,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="5.0">5–18 mm</quantity>
wide, lateral lobes often ± revolute to somewhat erect and partly convolute; margins sinuate or crenate, rarely dentate, laciniate or lobulate, ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDC2F2EFB37FD5AFA94FD1C" box="[1189,1291,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
), occasionally tinged with a reddish purple pigment. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFDD3FC86FDE6FCF8" box="[577,633,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cilia</emphasis>
always present but with variable density and ± irregular distribution at the lobes margins, also occasionally laminal or on isidioid protuberances of the amphithecium, black, very often with coppery red glints (pigments), simple, rarely 1–(2) times branched, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFC0EFCCEFBA1FC81" box="[924,1086,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="0.07" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.10 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFA1AFCCEFF2BFC6D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF65FCEBFE09FC6C" box="[247,406,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale yellowish grey centrally, more greenish towards the periphery, ± dull, more shiny towards lobe tips, generally emaculate, rarely faintly white-maculate, maculation more conspicuous near apothecia, smooth to rugose, occasionally isidiate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, soralia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFC2FFC32FC62FC34" box="[957,1021,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Isidia</emphasis>
present in 7 of the 12 thalli examined, laminal or submarginal, irregularly distributed, never abundant, granular, verrucose, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often apically ciliate or with pycnidia, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFC9CFC7AFCD1FBFD" box="[782,846,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
high (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDC2F2EFC07FC7AFC63FBFC" box="[917,1020,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 28D</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFB9DFC7BFBEEFBFC" box="[1039,1137,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Laciniae</emphasis>
rare, marginal, up to 0.5 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFA0FFC7AFF28FBD9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF50FBA6FE84FBD8" box="[194,283,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lobules</emphasis>
occasional, marginal or laminal, ciliate, up to 3.5 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFCF1FBA6FC23FBD9" box="[867,956,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFC54FBA6FBBCFBD8" box="[966,1059,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Medulla</emphasis>
usually white throughout, but may be tinged with a reddish purple pigment (K+ purple), especially when exposed. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFB8EFBC3FB20FB84" box="[1052,1215,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lower surface</emphasis>
smooth or rugulose, dull, shinier towards the periphery; black to the margin, or with a buff erhizinate marginal zone (ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFA97FBEEFAFCFB61" box="[1285,1379,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1–8 mm</quantity>
wide) at main lobe tips, lateral lobes sometimes with an erhizinate, ivory white or cream- mottled marginal zone (
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFADFFB0AFA33FB4D" box="[1357,1452,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
wide); often becoming ivory or cream under apothecia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFC93FB36FCFFFB28" box="[769,864,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Rhizines</emphasis>
sparse, in ± scattered groups, concolor to the lower surface, simple or fasciculate, rarely 1–2 times branched, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFCDDFB52FC0FFB15" box="[847,912,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, generally rather stout, exceptionally some at the periphery are slender and copper-red pigmented like cilia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFCF8FB7EFC43FAF0" box="[874,988,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Apothecia</emphasis>
quite common, submarginal, on swollen stipes becoming ± constricted with age, or at the tip of convoluted and erect lateral lobes, first concave, then flattening with age, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFEA6FAC6FE1CFAB9" box="[308,387,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in diameter; disc imperforate, orange brown; amphithecium and stipe strongly white-maculate, developing a network of ± prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse, irregular, ± flattened, and ± branched isidioid protuberances (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFEEFFA0EFE49FA41" box="[381,470,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long) quite often bearing cilia and/or pycnidia (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDC2F2EFB96FA0EFBF1FA40" box="[1028,1134,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 28C</figureCitation>
); thalline margin dentate to fringed with isidioid protuberances or lobules, sometimes with cilia and/or pycnidia; hymenium s. lat. (82)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFAA2FA2AFAFEFA2C" box="[1328,1377,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">89.0</emphasis>
–(102) µm high, proper exciple with hyaline layer (4)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFD33FA56FD5BFA08" box="[673,708,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">6.1</emphasis>
–(9) µm high, intermediate layer (18)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFBEBFA56FB35FA08" box="[1145,1194,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">23.2</emphasis>
–(27) µm high, cortex-like basal layer (22)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFEE0FA72FE3CF9F4" box="[370,419,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">26.9</emphasis>
–(35) µm high. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFDC2FA73FD50F9F5" box="[592,719,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ascospores</emphasis>
8 per ascus, simple, colourless, ellipsoidal, (22)22.5– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFAB0FA72FACCF9F4" box="[1314,1363,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">25.6</emphasis>
–29(30) × 11– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF58F99EFF64F9D0" box="[202,251,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">13.7</emphasis>
–16.5(19) µm, Q = (1.37)1.53– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFDF1F99EFD0BF9D0" box="[611,660,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">1.89</emphasis>
–2.25(2.42), epispore (2)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFC2DF99EFC7DF9D0" box="[959,994,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">2.7</emphasis>
–(3.5) µm thick, n = 240, from 8 thalli, mean values for each thallus: 24.7 × 12.6, 24.8 × 12.9, 25.1 × 13.5, 25.4 × 13.3, 25.4 × 13.5, 26.3 × 13.6, 26.3 × 16.3, 26.8 × 13.7 µm. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFEAFF9E6FE3EF998" box="[317,417,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pycnidia</emphasis>
common, mostly submarginal on lobes, black. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDC2F2EFC3AF9E6FB9DF998" box="[936,1026,1634,1660]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFC3AF9E6FB9DF998" box="[936,1026,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Conidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly sublageniform 5–7 × ca. 1 µm. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF1AF903FE84F944" box="[136,283,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Upper cortex</emphasis>
palisade plectenchymatous, not fragile, (15)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFC87F902FCD9F944" box="[789,838,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">21.9</emphasis>
–(32) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFC6AF902FBEBF944" box="[1016,1140,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Algal layer</emphasis>
continuous, (15)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFAACF902FAF0F944" box="[1342,1391,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">18.3</emphasis>
–(20) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF69F92EFEC7F920" box="[251,344,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Medulla</emphasis>
(140)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFE38F92EFE76F920" box="[426,489,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">149.3</emphasis>
–(162) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFD3FF92FFCDDF920" box="[685,834,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lower cortex</emphasis>
prosoplectenchymatous, (15)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFB0EF92EFB44F920" box="[1180,1243,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">16.1–</emphasis>
(18) µm thick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDC2F2EFF2FF94AFC36F89C" blockId="68.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF2FF94AFEA4F90C" bold="true" box="[189,315,1742,1768]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFECDF94BFD0FF90C" box="[351,656,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K−, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDC2F2EFB05F94AFB23F90C" box="[1175,1212,1742,1768]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C−</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDC2F2EFB5AF94AFB6FF90C" box="[1224,1264,1742,1768]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">KC</collectionCode>
+ fleeting purple pink, then pink-orange, P+ orange, UV+ blue-white, pigmented medulla and cilia K+ purple. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFB3EF976FA34F8E8" box="[1196,1451,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDC2F2EFF02F892FF54F8D4" box="[144,203,1814,1840]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">TLC</collectionCode>
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with alectoronic acid (major), protocetraric acid (major), protolichesterinic acid (major), lichesterinic acid (minor), ± α-collatolic acid (minor/trace), ± an undetermined pink-purple pigment: P1; ± 1–2 undetermined ciliary pigments: P1, O1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFDC2F2CFF2FF806FE9AFE88" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDC2F2EFF2FF806FE22F824" blockId="68.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF2FF806FEA1F878" bold="true" box="[189,318,1922,1948]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Etymology</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFED4F806FEFDF878" bold="true" box="[326,354,1922,1948]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">—</emphasis>
From the Latin 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFD99F807FDCCF878" box="[523,595,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nemus</emphasis>
: forest with glade or pasture. The specific epithet refers to the open woodlands where the taxon was found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDC2F2FFF2FF84EFD72FEE4" blockId="68.[136,1452,662,2093]" lastBlockId="69.[136,1451,158,257]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFF2FF84EFE68F800" bold="true" box="[189,503,1994,2020]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:—So far only known with certainty from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDC2F2EFC75F84EFBD5F800" box="[999,1098,1994,2020]" name="Réunion" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Réunion</collectingCountry>
. The oldest collection dates to 1840, and since then, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDC2F2EFEEFF86BFDE4F7EC" box="[381,635,2031,2056]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFEEFF86BFDE4F7EC" box="[381,635,2031,2056]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Parmotrema nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found at four localities in four UTM 1× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFB3AF86AFB40F7EC" box="[1192,1247,2030,2056]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
grid cells (or four UTM 2× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFF79F796FEBBF7C8" box="[235,292,2066,2092]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
grid cells, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDC2F2EFE32F796FD97F7C8" box="[416,520,2066,2092]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
). The recent occurences were clustered in two low elevation areas (
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFB6AF796FAE4F7C8" box="[1272,1403,2066,2093]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.675" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="267.5" valueMax="380.0" valueMin="155.0">155–380 m</quantity>
), on the northeastern and southern slopes of the Piton de la Fournaise massif. However, it is quite possible that the species is more widespread in the windward zone, as potential habitats (lowland parks, vanilla plantations or wooded gardens), often with private access, have been under-prospected.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFDD2F2FFF1AF8ADFB08F82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" targetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" targetPageId="69" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDD2F2FFF1AF8ADFB08F82B" blockId="69.[136,1452,1833,2000]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFF1AF8ADFE90F8DB" bold="true" box="[136,271,1833,1855]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDD2F2FFE89F8AEFE65F8DB" box="[283,506,1834,1855]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFE89F8AEFE65F8DB" box="[283,506,1834,1855]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Parmotrema nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFD9EF8ADFD82F8DA" bold="true" box="[524,541,1833,1854]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFBF6F8AEFBEBF8DB" bold="true" box="[1124,1140,1834,1855]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">B</emphasis>
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDD2F2FFBD9F8CAFA3FF887" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. &amp; Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A." box="[1099,1440,1870,1892]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Rivas-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFB7AF8CAFA8AF887" box="[1256,1301,1870,1891]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 17–18
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFF1AF8F5FF06F863" bold="true" box="[136,153,1905,1927]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C</emphasis>
: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFF6BF812FE95F84F" bold="true" box="[249,266,1942,1963]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">D</emphasis>
: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFA07F812FA3AF84F" bold="true" box="[1429,1445,1942,1963]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E</emphasis>
: Gross morphology of thallus (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDD2F2FFE3BF83EFDCBF82B" box="[425,596,1978,1999]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Masson 974.4635</emphasis>
). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDE2F2CFF2FFF1AFE9AFE88" blockId="70.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
This lichen may also exist in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFD8DFF1AFD0FFF5C" box="[543,656,158,184]" name="Mauritius" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
. Indeed, in addition to the thallus collected in 1840 on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFAB7FF1AFA1BFF5C" box="[1317,1412,158,184]" name="Réunion" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Réunion</collectingCountry>
by Lepervenche-Mézières, and examined by us, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFD0AFF47FCC6FF38" author="Hue, A. M." box="[664,857,194,221]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="27 - 220" refId="ref123230" refString="Hue, A. M. (1899) Lichenes extra-europaei a pluribus collectoribus ad Museum Parisiense missi (Suite). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, 4 eme serie, 1: 27 - 220." type="journal article" year="1899">Hue (1899: 197)</bibRefCitation>
cited, under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFBFEFF46FA33FF38" authority="Tayl." authorityName="Tayl." box="[1132,1452,194,220]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFBFEFF46FAF7FF38" box="[1132,1384,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmelia proboscidea</emphasis>
Tayl.
</taxonomicName>
in Mack., a specimen from the Bory de 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFDC0FF62FD73FEE4" box="[594,748,230,256]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Saint-Vincent</collectingCountry>
herbarium (PC) collected on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFBD2FF62FB32FEE4" box="[1088,1197,230,256]" name="Mauritius" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
in the year X [French Republican calendar; probably between 
<date id="FFED1198FFDE2F2CFDC4FE8EFC94FEC0" box="[598,779,266,292]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1801-12">December 1801</date>
and 
<date id="FFED1198FFDE2F2CFCD5FE8EFC4AFEC0" box="[839,981,266,292]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1802-03">March 1802</date>
, during Bory’s second stay on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFAACFE8EFA34FEC0" box="[1342,1451,266,292]" name="Mauritius" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFF02FEAAFE46FEAC" author="Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. M." box="[144,473,302,328]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref116395" refString="Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. M. (1804) Voyage dans les quatre principales iles des mers d'Afrique, fait par ordre du gouvernement, pendant les annees neuf et dix de la Republique (1801 et 1802). Tome troisieme. F. Buisson, Paris, 474 pp." type="book" year="1804">
Bory de 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFF65FEAAFE0EFEAC" box="[247,401,302,328]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Saint-Vincent</collectingCountry>
1804
</bibRefCitation>
)], and which could also belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFCFEFEABFC6BFEAC" box="[876,1012,303,328]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFCFEFEABFC6BFEAC" box="[876,1012,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it has not been possible to examine it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFDE2F2DFF2FFEF2FE02F87D" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDE2F2CFF2FFEF2FCA8FDC4" blockId="70.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFF2FFEF2FE83FE74" bold="true" box="[189,284,374,400]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ecology</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFED2FEF3FDA5FE74" box="[320,570,375,400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFED2FEF3FDA5FE74" box="[320,570,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmotrema nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically grows on the rather well-lit bark of tree trunks and branches in secondary lowland rainforests. It is a thermophilous and ombrophilous lichen, as shown by the bioclimatic characteristics of its localities: bioclimate pluvial tropical, with thermotype belt = lower thermotropical (600 ≤ It ≤ 620) and ombrotype belts = from lower to upper hyperhumid (14.5 ≤ Io ≤ 19.7) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDE2F2CFCB3FE66FC17FE18" box="[801,904,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
). Its ecology appears to be broadly similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFF34FD83FEA5FDC4" box="[166,314,518,544]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="odontatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFF34FD83FEA5FDC4" box="[166,314,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. odontatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and both taxa can occur at the same locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDE2F2CFF2FFDAEFE68FC80" blockId="70.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFF2FFDAEFE9FFDA0" bold="true" box="[189,256,554,580]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Notes</emphasis>
:—According to our molecular analyses using three loci, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFCE6FDAFFBEFFDA0" box="[884,1136,555,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFCE6FDAFFBEFFDA0" box="[884,1136,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmotrema nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constitutes a well-supported clade, phylogenetically close to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFDC5FDCBFC92FD8C" box="[599,781,590,616]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subdeflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFDC5FDCBFC92FD8C" box="[599,781,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. subdeflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but quite distinct (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDE2F2CFC65FDCAFBA0FD8C" box="[1015,1087,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). To our knowledge, these two new 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFF2CFDF7FE3CFD68" box="[190,419,626,652]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFF2CFDF7FED4FD68" box="[190,331,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmotrema</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are the only ones whose medulla contains the combination of protocetraric, alectoronic and protolichesterinic acids as major extrolites. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFDEFFD13FC35FD54" box="[637,938,662,688]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subdeflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFDEFFD13FC35FD54" box="[637,938,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmotrema subdeflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a sorediate taxon, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFA95FD13FA10FD54" box="[1287,1423,663,688]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFA95FD13FA10FD54" box="[1287,1423,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is commonly fertile with, occasionally, some isidia-like outgrowths (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDE2F2CFCF9FD3EFC4CFD30" box="[875,979,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="69.[136,229,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,321,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-61@69.[150,1435,320,1809]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parmotrema nemorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Amphithecium of a mature apothecium developing prominent and anastomosing veins with coarse and ciliate isidioid structures (holotype); D: Submarginal isidia, ± cylindrical or flattened, rather stout, simple, often with pycnidia, some apically ciliate (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4635). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217530/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 28D</figureCitation>
), most likely not functioning as vegetative propagules. In the current state of knowledge, the distribution and ecology of these two lichens appear to be quite distinct. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFF7AFC87FE79FCF8" box="[232,486,771,796]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFF7AFC87FE79FCF8" box="[232,486,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmotrema nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confined to the Piton de la Fournaise massif at low elevations (&lt;
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDE2F2CFB4FFC86FAB8FCF8" box="[1245,1319,770,796]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
), in hot and very humid localities, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFE5EFCA3FD1FFCA4" box="[460,640,806,832]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subdeflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFE5EFCA3FD1FFCA4" box="[460,640,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. subdeflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confined to the Piton des Neiges massif at higher elevations (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDE2F2CFAE1FCA2FF3EFC80" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
), in cooler and drier localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDE2F2CFF2FFCEBFC72F8E8" blockId="70.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Two sexually reproducing species are phenotypically close to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFCF8FCEBFC71FC6C" box="[874,1006,879,904]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFCF8FCEBFC71FC6C" box="[874,1006,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFC69FCEBFB11FC6C" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[1019,1166,879,904]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFC69FCEBFB11FC6C" box="[1019,1166,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFAD5FCEAFA33FC6C" box="[1351,1452,878,904]" name="Tanzania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFF1DFC16FEF1FC48" author="Zahlbruckner, A." box="[143,366,914,940]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="468 - 552" refId="ref132661" refString="Zahlbruckner, A. (1926) Afrikanische Flechten (Lichenes). Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 60: 468 - 552." type="journal article" year="1926">Zahlbruckner 1926</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFE25FC17FD60FC48" authority="(Hale) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Hale" box="[439,767,914,940]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pachysporum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFE25FC17FDF3FC48" box="[439,620,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. pachysporum</emphasis>
(Hale) Hale
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFC53FC16FB8CFC48" box="[961,1043,914,940]" name="Angola" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Angola</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFBB7FC16FB33FC49" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1061,1196,914,941]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFBB7FC16FBC3FC48" box="[1061,1116,914,940]" genus="Hale" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965a
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFDE2F2CFB57FC16FA81FC48" box="[1221,1310,914,940]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="71.[137,229,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 8. Comparison of the three taxa P. nemorum, P. amaniense and P. pachysporum for some phenotypical characters. (1) Our data; (2) Hale (1973) added alectoronic acid; (3) From a TLC made by H. Krog in 1973 (label), also Krog &amp; Swinscow (1981)." pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Table 8</tableCitation>
). According to their broad concept of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFE27FC33FC14FC34" authority=", Krog &amp; Swinscow (1981)" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[437,907,950,977]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFE27FC33FDD3FC34" box="[437,588,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFDCCFC33FC14FC34" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[606,907,950,977]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reduced 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFC6BFC33FB2FFC34" box="[1017,1200,950,976]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pachysporum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFC6BFC33FB2FFC34" box="[1017,1200,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. pachysporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFA05FC33FE9FFC10" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFA05FC33FE9FFC10" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFE11FC5FFDA8FC10" box="[387,567,986,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pachysporum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFE11FC5FFDA8FC10" box="[387,567,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. pachysporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from both 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFC9AFC5FFC03FC10" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[776,924,987,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFC9AFC5FFC03FC10" box="[776,924,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFC47FC5FFBC4FC10" box="[981,1115,987,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFC47FC5FFBC4FC10" box="[981,1115,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the longer ascospores, the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDE2F2CFF1AFC7BFF27FBFD" box="[136,184,1023,1049]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
of conidia, and the medullary chemistry. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFD1CFC7BFC12FBFC" box="[654,909,1023,1048]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFD1CFC7BFC12FBFC" box="[654,909,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmotrema nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFBB0FC7BFB29FBFC" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[1058,1206,1023,1048]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFBB0FC7BFB29FBFC" box="[1058,1206,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFDE2F2CFB2CFC7BFB66FBFD" box="[1214,1273,1023,1049]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by its tendency to develop isidia-like protuberances, that are often ciliate, on the surface of the amphithecium and, to a lesser extent, on the upper surface of the lobes. In addition, its medullary chemistry is distinctive in that it includes protocetraric, alectoronic and protolichesterinic acids as constant major substances, as well as an accessory reddish purple pigment (also often present on cilia).A thallus from the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDE2F2CFD10FB0BFD2DFB4D" box="[642,690,1167,1193]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
collection of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFCD4FB0BFC48FB4C" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[838,983,1167,1192]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFCD4FB0BFC48FB4C" box="[838,983,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(W-1909/8386) that we could examine has some cilia with reddish pigmentation, but the medulla is entirely white. No author, to our knowledge, has reported any medullary pigmentation in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFE4FFB53FDEFFB14" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[477,624,1239,1264]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFE4FFB53FDEFFB14" box="[477,624,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Another similar taxon, but with protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids in the medulla, was included as a chemotype in Krog &amp; Swinscow’s concept of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFBD9FB7FFB41FAF0" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[1099,1246,1275,1300]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFBD9FB7FFB41FAF0" box="[1099,1246,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It was cited from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFF1AFA9AFF72FADC" box="[136,237,1310,1336]" name="Tanzania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFEBAFA9AFEE0FADC" box="[296,383,1310,1336]" name="Uganda" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Uganda</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFE3FFA9BFD49FADC" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[429,726,1310,1337]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow (1981)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFC9DFA9AFC61FADC" author="Alstrup, V. &amp; Aptroot, A. &amp; Divakar, P. K. &amp; LaGreca, S. &amp; Tibell, L." box="[783,1022,1310,1337]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="333 - 351" refId="ref115151" refString="Alstrup, V., Aptroot, A., Divakar, P. K., LaGreca, S. &amp; Tibell, L. (2010) Lichens from Tanzania and Kenya III. Macrolichens and calicioid lichens. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 31 (3): 333 - 351." type="journal article" year="2010">
Alstrup 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFCFEFA9BFC3FFADC" box="[876,928,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. We found a collection from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFAC2FA9AFA33FADC" box="[1360,1452,1310,1336]" name="Rwanda" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
and one from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFEB4FAC6FE14FAB8" box="[294,395,1346,1372]" name="Tanzania" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
that could correspond to it. However, the conidia are clearly sublageniform (6–7 µm long) in the first, and bacilliform (rarely weakly sublageniform, 7–9 µm long) in the second. The specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFAB9FAE3FF46FA40" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFEAFFA0EFDD3FA40" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[317,588,1418,1444]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix (1999)</bibRefCitation>
under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFC90FA0FFB11FA40" authority="(Kurok.) Streimann" authorityName="Streimann" baseAuthorityName="Kurok." box="[770,1166,1418,1444]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="elacinulatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFC90FA0FFC31FA40" box="[770,942,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. elacinulatum</emphasis>
(Kurok.) Streimann
</taxonomicName>
(including 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFA9FFA0FFF28FA2C" authority="Elix" authorityName="Elix" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="submerrillii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFA9FFA0FFA34FA40" box="[1293,1451,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. submerrillii</emphasis>
Elix
</taxonomicName>
in the opinion of these two authors) also seem to fit with this taxon. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFBC2FA2AFAF9FA2C" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[1104,1382,1454,1480]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, these specimens contain protocetraric, protolichesterinic and lichesterinic acids as major medullary substances. However, in the protologues of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFE17FA72FDEAF9F4" box="[389,629,1526,1552]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="elacinulata">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFE17FA72FDEAF9F4" box="[389,629,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmelia elacinulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFD20FA73FB02F9F4" authority=", Kurokawa (1979)" authorityName=", Kurokawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[690,1181,1526,1553]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="submerillii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFD20FA73FC5DF9F4" box="[690,962,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parmotrema submerillii</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFC46FA72FB02F9F4" author="Kurokawa, S." box="[980,1181,1526,1552]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="125 - 150" refId="ref124392" refString="Kurokawa, S. (1979) Enumeration of species of Parmelia in Papua New Guinea. In: Kurokawa, S. (Ed.) Studies on Cryptogams of Papua New Guinea. Academia Scientific Book Inc., Tokyo, pp. 125 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1979">Kurokawa (1979)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFB48FA72FAC1F9F4" author="Elix, J. A." box="[1242,1374,1526,1552]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="101 - 129" refId="ref120391" refString="Elix, J. A. (1993) New species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australia. Mycotaxon 47: 101 - 129." type="journal article" year="1993">Elix (1993)</bibRefCitation>
report only protocetraric acid in the medulla, without any mention of fatty acids. We examined a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFA97F99FFA3BF9D0" box="[1285,1444,1562,1588]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="submerrillii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFA97F99FFA3BF9D0" box="[1285,1444,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. submerrillii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected near the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDE2F2CFECEF9BBFE13F9BD" box="[348,396,1599,1625]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
locality, which also contained only protocetraric acid in the medulla. The other phenotypic characters match the diagnosis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFD85F9E7FD30F998" authorityName=", Kurokawa" authorityYear="1979" box="[535,687,1634,1660]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="submerillii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFD85F9E7FD30F998" box="[535,687,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. submerillii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
perfectly, including the 5–6 µm long sublageniform conidia [and not the conidia ‘bacilliform, 6–7 × 1 µm’ cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFD53F902FCDDF944" author="Elix, J. A." box="[705,834,1670,1696]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="22 - 27" refId="ref120502" refString="Elix, J. A. (1998) Clarification of the synonymy and chemistry of Parmotrema zollingeri and related species. Australasian Lichenology 42: 22 - 27." type="journal article" year="1998">Elix (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDE2F2CFCE8F902FB0AF944" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[890,1173,1670,1696]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix (1999)</bibRefCitation>
]. Interestingly, we found the undetermined pigment PV in the cilia of this Australian specimen. This overview, albeit not complete, of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFA05F92FFE9FF90C" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFA05F92FFE9FF90C" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group shows that we can only hope to make progress in our understanding of this complex by acquiring molecular data on each of its representatives, and by analysing them globally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDE2F2CFF2FF892FACFF824" blockId="70.[136,1452,158,1985]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
On 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDE2F2CFF75F892FED6F8D4" box="[231,329,1814,1840]" name="Réunion" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFEC7F893FE44F8D4" box="[341,475,1815,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFEC7F893FE44F8D4" box="[341,475,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFD4BF893FCF2F8D4" box="[729,877,1814,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="odontatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFD4BF893FCF2F8D4" box="[729,877,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. odontatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an equally large and fertile species that shares the same distribution and ecology, and displays a similar morphology. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDE2F2CFC79F8BFFBEEF8B0" box="[1003,1137,1851,1876]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDE2F2CFC79F8BFFBEEF8B0" box="[1003,1137,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated by the presence of marginal cilia, the outgrowths often present on the amphithecium, the stipes of the young apothecia that are swollen and not constricted, the larger ascospores with wider epispore, and the occurrence in the medulla of alectoronic and protolichesterinic acids in addition to protocetraric acid, as well as an occasional reddish purple pigment.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFDF2F2DFF1BFF1BFF49FF1B" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[137,229,159,183]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF1BFF1BFF49FF1B" blockId="71.[136,1452,159,255]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF1BFF1BFF66FF53" bold="true" box="[137,249,159,183]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">TABLE 8</emphasis>
. Comparison of the three taxa 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFDD1FF24FD5DFF53" box="[579,706,160,183]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFDD1FF24FD5DFF53" box="[579,706,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFD5DFF24FCC4FF53" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[719,859,160,183]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFD5DFF24FCC4FF53" box="[719,859,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFC1DFF24FBA2FF53" box="[911,1085,159,183]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pachysporum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC1DFF24FC00FF53" box="[911,927,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC3FFF1BFBA2FF53" box="[941,1085,159,183]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">pachysporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for some phenotypical characters. 
<superScript id="7C269A10FFDF2F2DFF1AFF46FF05FF34" attach="left" box="[136,154,194,208]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">(1)</superScript>
Our data; 
<superScript id="7C269A10FFDF2F2DFE99FF46FE82FF34" attach="right" box="[267,285,194,208]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">(2)</superScript>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDF2F2DFEB6FF47FE3BFF3F" author="Hale, M. E." box="[292,420,195,219]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref122582" refString="Hale, M. E. (1973) New Parmeliae (lichens) from Africa. 2. Phytologia 27 (1): 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1973">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFEB6FF47FEC9FF3F" box="[292,342,195,219]" genus="Hale" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1973)
</bibRefCitation>
added alectoronic acid; 
<superScript id="7C269A10FFDF2F2DFD35FF46FD26FF34" attach="right" box="[679,697,194,208]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">(3)</superScript>
From a TLC made by H. Krog in 1973 (label), also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDF2F2DFB77FF40FF4DFF1B" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow (1981)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFE36FE94FA09FC22" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<table id="F953C5F8FFDFD095FF01FE94FA09FC0B" box="[147,1430,272,1007]" gridcols="6" gridrows="9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FE94FA09FEC2" box="[147,1430,272,294]" gridrow="0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FE94FDA2FEC2" box="[387,573,272,294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFE36FE94FD83FEC1" box="[420,540,272,293]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nemorum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE36FE94FD83FEC1" bold="true" box="[420,540,272,293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">P. nemorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FE94FC7BFEC2" box="[627,996,272,294]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFD71FE94FCFAFEC1" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[739,869,272,293]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFD71FE94FCFAFEC1" bold="true" box="[739,869,272,293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">P. amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FE94FA09FEC2" box="[1035,1430,272,294]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFB17FE94FABDFEC2" box="[1157,1314,272,294]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pachysporum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFB17FE94FABDFEC2" bold="true" box="[1157,1314,272,294]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">P. pachysporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FEBCFA09FE6F" box="[147,1430,312,395]" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FEBCFEFDFE6F" box="[147,354,312,395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FED2FF4AFE8F" bold="true" box="[147,213,342,363]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">source</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FEBCFDA2FE6F" box="[387,573,312,395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">present study</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FEBCFD62FE6F" box="[627,765,312,395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDF2F2DFDE8FED2FD52FE6F" author="Zahlbruckner, A." box="[634,765,342,395]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="468 - 552" refId="ref132661" refString="Zahlbruckner, A. (1926) Afrikanische Flechten (Lichenes). Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 60: 468 - 552." type="journal article" year="1926">Zahlbruckner 1926</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FEBCFC7BFE6F" box="[827,996,312,395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">type collection(1) (W)</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FEBCFB5BFE6F" box="[1035,1220,312,395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
protologue (
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFBA7FEE2FBFBFE98" box="[1077,1124,358,380]" genus="Hale" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965)
</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFEBCFA09FE6F" box="[1257,1430,312,395]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">holotype(1) (UPS)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FE18FA09FE0B" box="[147,1430,412,495]" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FE18FEFDFE0B" box="[147,354,412,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FE18FF69FE0B" bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">amphithecium surface of mature apothecia</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FE18FDA2FE0B" box="[387,573,412,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">with ± prominent veins, often with isidioid outgrowths</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FE18FD62FE0B" box="[627,765,412,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">rough veined</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FE18FC7BFE0B" box="[827,996,412,495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">with ± prominent veins</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FE18FB5BFE0B" box="[1035,1220,412,495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">strongly rugose</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFE18FA09FE0B" box="[1257,1430,412,495]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">wrinkled-plicate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FD85FA09FDB0" box="[147,1430,513,596]" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FD85FEFDFDB0" box="[147,354,513,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FD9BFEC5FDD1" bold="true" box="[147,346,543,565]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ascospore size (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FD85FDA2FDB0" box="[387,573,513,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
22.5– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE46FD85FE61FDF2" box="[468,510,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">25.6</emphasis>
–29 × 11– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE50FDBAFE73FDB7" box="[450,492,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">13.7</emphasis>
–16.5
</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FD85FD62FDB0" box="[627,765,513,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">19–30 × 12–17</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FD85FC7BFDB0" box="[827,996,513,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
24.5– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFCE9FD85FC3AFDF2" box="[891,933,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">28.6</emphasis>
–32.5 × 13– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFCE0FDBAFC03FDB7" box="[882,924,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">15.1</emphasis>
–17.5
</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FD85FB5BFDB0" box="[1035,1220,513,596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">30–34 × 13–15</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFD85FA09FDB0" box="[1257,1430,513,596]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
28– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFAB8FD85FACBFDF2" box="[1322,1364,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">32.7</emphasis>
–37 × 15.5– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFAB8FDBAFACBFDB7" box="[1322,1364,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">16.5</emphasis>
–17.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FDE1FA09FD9F" box="[147,1430,613,635]" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FDE1FEFDFD9F" box="[147,354,613,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FDE1FEFDFD9F" bold="true" box="[147,354,613,635]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">epispore width (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FDE1FDA2FD9F" box="[387,573,613,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
(2)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE5AFDE2FE79FD9F" box="[456,486,614,635]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2.7</emphasis>
–(3.5)
</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FDE1FD62FD9F" box="[627,765,613,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">–</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FDE1FC7BFD9F" box="[827,996,613,635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
(2)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC13FDE2FC00FD9F" box="[897,927,614,635]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2.4</emphasis>
–(3)
</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FDE1FB5BFD9F" box="[1035,1220,613,635]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">3</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFDE1FA09FD9F" box="[1257,1430,613,635]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
(2.5)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFAABFDE2FAC8FD9F" box="[1337,1367,614,635]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2.8</emphasis>
–(3)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FD09FA09FD1B" box="[147,1430,653,767]" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FD09FEFDFD1B" box="[147,354,653,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FD2FFE94FD04" bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">conidia type, and length (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FD09FDA2FD1B" box="[387,573,653,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">clearly sublageniform 5–7</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FD09FD62FD1B" box="[627,765,653,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">elongatedlageniform 4–6</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FD09FC7BFD1B" box="[827,996,653,767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">clearly sublageniform 6–7</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FD09FB5BFD1B" box="[1035,1220,653,767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">5–6</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFD09FA09FD1B" box="[1257,1430,653,767]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">bacilliform, rarely weakly sublageniform 6–8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FC94FA09FCC2" box="[147,1430,784,806]" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FC94FEFDFCC2" box="[147,354,784,806]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FC94FF55FCC2" bold="true" box="[147,202,784,806]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">isidia</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FC94FDA2FCC2" box="[387,573,784,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">occasional</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FC94FD62FCC2" box="[627,765,784,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">absent</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FC94FC7BFCC2" box="[827,996,784,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">absent</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FC94FB5BFCC2" box="[1035,1220,784,806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">absent</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFC94FA09FCC2" box="[1257,1430,784,806]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FCB3FA09FC88" box="[147,1430,823,876]" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FCB3FEFDFC88" box="[147,354,823,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FCC3FEC8FCB8" bold="true" box="[147,343,838,860]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">medullary pigment</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FCB3FDA2FC88" box="[387,573,823,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">reddish purple, occasional</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FCB3FD62FC88" box="[627,765,823,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">–</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FCB3FC7BFC88" box="[827,996,823,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">absent</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FCB3FB5BFC88" box="[1035,1220,823,876]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">–</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFCB3FA09FC88" box="[1257,1430,823,876]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFDFD095FF01FCF9FA09FC0B" box="[147,1430,893,1007]" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<th id="76B25C66FFDFD095FF01FCF9FEFDFC0B" box="[147,354,893,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF01FC18FF6EFC34" bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">major medullary extrolites</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FE11FCF9FDA2FC0B" box="[387,573,893,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">protocetraric acid alectoronic acid protolichesterinic acid</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FDE1FCF9FD62FC0B" box="[627,765,893,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">–</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FCA9FCF9FC7BFC0B" box="[827,996,893,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">protocetraric acid alectoronic acid</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB99FCF9FB5BFC0B" box="[1035,1220,893,1007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">protocetraric acid(2)</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFDFD095FB7BFCF9FA09FC0B" box="[1257,1430,893,1007]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">protocetraric acid α-collatolic acid(3)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF2FFB9BFCFAFA21" blockId="71.[136,1452,1055,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF2FFB9BFE23FBDD" bold="true" box="[189,444,1055,1081]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFE4FFB9BFF68FBB9" collectionCode="PC" collectorName="M. E. Mezieres de Lepervanche" country="France" location="Reunion" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="PC 0009290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDF2F2DFE4FFB9BFDCDFBDD" box="[477,594,1055,1081]" name="France" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDF2F2DFDF0FB9BFD5AFBDD" box="[610,709,1055,1081]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: without locality, 1840, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC79FBA4FAECFBDE" box="[1003,1395,1055,1082]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFC79FBA4FAC7FBDD" box="[1003,1368,1055,1082]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">M.E. Mézières de Lépervanche</collectorName>
7
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBF59F23FFDF2F2DFA15FB9BFF70FBB9" collectionCode="PC" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15359" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Non-vascular Plants and Fungi" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">PC 0009290</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFE9BFBC7FAABFB41" collectingDate="16 August 2013 &amp; 15 August 2015" collectionCode="LG" collectorName="D. Masson" country="France" elevation="273" location="Basse Vallee" municipality="Saint-Philippe" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDF2F2DFE9BFBC7FE33FBB9" box="[265,428,1091,1117]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Saint-Philippe</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFE2CFBC0FDCAFBB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFE2CFBC0FDCAFBB9" box="[446,597,1091,1118]" country="France" municipality="Saint-Philippe" name="Basse Vallee" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Reunion">Basse Vallée</location>
, route forestière 36, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFC05FBC7FB80FBBA" box="[919,1055,1091,1118]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="272.5" valueMax="280.0" valueMin="265.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFC05FBC7FB80FBBA" box="[919,1055,1091,1118]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="272.5" valueMax="280.0" valueMin="265.0">265–280 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 21°21’29–34”S, 55°42’24–28”E, roadside in a secondary lowland rainforest with vanilla plantations, in an overall SE orientation, on bark of trunk and a dead branch of unidentified trees, 
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFDC9FB0FFC6BFB42" box="[603,1012,1163,1190]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFDC9FB0FFC8DFB41" box="[603,786,1163,1189]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2013-08-16">16 August 2013</date>
&amp; 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFCA9FB0FFC6BFB42" box="[827,1012,1163,1190]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2015-08-15">15 August 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFB90FB08FB6FFB41" box="[1026,1264,1163,1189]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFB90FB08FBE1FB41" box="[1026,1150,1164,1189]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. Masson</collectorName>
974.4287
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFA90FB0FFAB3FB41" box="[1282,1324,1163,1189]" country="Belgium" name="Université de Liège" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">LG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFAD0FB0FFD67FAF5" collectingDate="16 August 2013 &amp; 15 August 2015" collectionCode="REU" collectorName="Hb. DM &amp; D. Masson" country="France" elevation="330" location="Basse Vallee" municipality="Saint-Philippe" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFAD0FB0FFA34FB41" box="[1346,1451,1163,1189]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">974.4654</emphasis>
(
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFF02FB2BFF6AFB2D" box="[144,245,1199,1225]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hb. DM</collectorName>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE9BFB2BFEAAFB2D" box="[265,309,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ibid</emphasis>
., elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFE14FB2BFD97FB2E" box="[390,520,1199,1226]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="330.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="310.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFE14FB2BFD97FB2E" box="[390,520,1199,1226]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="330.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="310.0">310–350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 21°21’14–22”S, 55°42’19–24”E, roadside in a secondary lowland rainforest with vanilla plantations, in an overall SE orientation, on bark of trunks and a branch of unidentified trees, 
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFAA7FB57FE3BFAF6" isEnumeration="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFAA7FB57FF5FFAF5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2013-08-16">16 August 2013</date>
&amp; 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFF78FB73FE3BFAF6" box="[234,420,1271,1298]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2015-08-15">15 August 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE20FB7CFD3EFAF5" box="[434,673,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFE20FB7CFDB1FAF5" box="[434,558,1272,1297]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. Masson</collectorName>
974.4285
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFD21FB73FD6FFAF5" box="[691,752,1271,1297]" country="Reunion" name="Université de la Réunion" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">REU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFC95FB73FABAFAF5" box="[775,1317,1271,1298]" collectionCode="LG" country="France" location="Hb." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC95FB73FCEFFAF5" box="[775,880,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">974.4650</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC13FB73FC75FAF5" box="[897,1002,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">974.4653</emphasis>
(
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFC6EFB73FBB9FAF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFC6EFB73FBB9FAF5" box="[1020,1062,1271,1297]" country="France" name="Hb." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Reunion">Hb.</location>
DM), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFBE5FB73FB7FFAF5" box="[1143,1248,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">974.4652</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFB61FB73FA81FAF5" box="[1267,1310,1271,1297]" country="Belgium" name="Université de Liège" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">LG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFAA6FB73FA38FABD" collectingDate="2015-08-15" collectionCode="LG" collectorName="Masson &amp; Hb." country="France" elevation="380" latitude="-21.3525" location="Hb." longLatPrecision="21" longitude="55.704166" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFAA6FB73FAFFFAF5" box="[1332,1376,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ibid</emphasis>
., elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFF1AFA9FFF4BFAD2" box="[136,212,1307,1334]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="380.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFF1AFA9FFF4BFAD2" box="[136,212,1307,1334]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="380.0">380 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDF2F2DFF70FA9FFEF6FAD1" box="[226,361,1307,1333]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-21.3525">21°21’09”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDF2F2DFEE5FA9FFE60FAD2" box="[375,511,1307,1334]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="15" value="55.704166">55°42’15”E</geoCoordinate>
, roadside in a secondary lowland rainforest with vanilla plantations, in an overall SE orientation, on bark of the trunk of a young unidentified tree, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFCE5FABBFBB0FABE" box="[887,1071,1343,1370]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2015-08-15">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFCE5FABBFBB0FABE" box="[887,1071,1343,1370]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2015-08-15">15 August 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFBAEFAC4FAB6FABD" box="[1084,1321,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
D. 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFBF2FAC4FB28FABD" box="[1120,1207,1344,1369]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Masson</collectorName>
974.4649
</emphasis>
(
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFAA8FABBFAFAFABD" box="[1338,1381,1343,1369]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hb.</collectorName>
DM)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFF1AFAE7FEDAFA21" collectingDate="2015-08-13" collectionCode="REU" collectorName="D. Masson" country="France" elevation="170" location="Bois Blanc" municipality="Sainte-Rose" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDF2F2DFF1AFAE7FE8DFA99" box="[136,274,1379,1405]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Sainte-Rose</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFE8CFAE7FE02FA99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFE8CFAE7FE02FA99" box="[286,413,1379,1405]" country="France" municipality="Sainte-Rose" name="Bois Blanc" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Reunion">Bois Blanc</location>
, route forestière 18, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFD51FAE7FCDAFA9A" box="[707,837,1379,1406]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="185.0" valueMin="155.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFD51FAE7FCDAFA9A" box="[707,837,1379,1406]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="170.0" valueMax="185.0" valueMin="155.0">155–185 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 21°11’39–41”S, 55°48’47–53”E, landscaped lowland rainforest with tree plantations and recreation areas, on bark of trunks of unidentified trees, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFBEAFA03FAB5FA46" box="[1144,1322,1415,1442]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2015-08-13">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFBEAFA03FAB5FA46" box="[1144,1322,1415,1442]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFAA1FA0CFF6EFA21" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFAA1FA0CFA34FA45" box="[1331,1451,1416,1441]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. Masson</collectorName>
974.4628
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFE92FA2FFEA2FA21" box="[256,317,1451,1477]" country="Reunion" name="Université de la Réunion" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">REU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFEC3FA2FFCFEFA21" box="[337,865,1451,1478]" collectionCode="LG" country="France" location="Hb." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFEC3FA2FFE25FA21" box="[337,442,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">974.4630</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE5AFA2FFDAEFA21" box="[456,561,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">974.4633</emphasis>
(
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFDD2FA2FFDF4FA21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFDD2FA2FFDF4FA21" box="[576,619,1451,1477]" country="France" name="Hb." pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Reunion">Hb.</location>
DM), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFD24FA2FFC80FA21" box="[694,799,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">974.4635</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFCBCFA2FFCC6FA21" box="[814,857,1451,1477]" country="Belgium" name="Université de Liège" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">LG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF2FFA4BFDC0FA0E" blockId="71.[136,1452,1055,1946]" box="[189,607,1487,1514]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF2FFA4BFDC8FA0D" bold="true" box="[189,599,1487,1513]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Specimens studied for comparison</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF2FFA70FDEDF9D5" blockId="71.[136,1452,1055,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFF2FFA70FE4EF9E9" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[189,465,1523,1550]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF2FFA70FE4EF9E9" bold="true" box="[189,465,1523,1550]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parmotrema amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFE7CFA77FDF1F9D5" collectingDate="1909-07" country="Tanzania" county="Stammen" elevation="800" location="Ost-Usambara" municipality="Regenwald" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDF2F2DFE7CFA77FD1FF9E9" box="[494,640,1523,1549]" name="Tanzania" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFD1BFA77FCB1F9E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFD1BFA77FCB1F9E9" box="[649,814,1523,1549]" country="Tanzania" county="Stammen" municipality="Regenwald" name="Ost-Usambara" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ost-Usambara</location>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFCA5FA77FC19F9E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFCA5FA77FC19F9E9" box="[823,902,1523,1549]" country="Tanzania" county="Stammen" municipality="Regenwald" name="Amani" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Amani</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFC03FA77FC45F9EA" box="[913,986,1523,1550]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFC03FA77FC45F9EA" box="[913,986,1523,1550]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, im 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDF2F2DFB98FA77FB14F9E9" box="[1034,1163,1523,1549]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Regenwald</collectingMunicipality>
, an 
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFDF2F2DFB25FA77FABEF9E9" box="[1207,1313,1523,1549]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Stämmen</collectingCounty>
häufig, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFAEFFA77FF5CF9D5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1909-07">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFAEFFA77FF5CF9D5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1909-07">July 1909</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF5CF993FE1AF9D5" box="[206,389,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Brunnthaler s.n.</emphasis>
(W, 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDF2F2DFE29F99CFE74F9D6" box="[443,491,1560,1586]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
collection)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF2FF9B8FB5CF979" blockId="71.[136,1452,1055,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFF2FF9B8FE4DF9B1" authorityName=", Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="J. Steiner &amp; Zahlbr." box="[189,466,1595,1622]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="amaniense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF2FF9B8FE4DF9B1" bold="true" box="[189,466,1595,1622]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parmotrema amaniense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFE49F9B8FB21F979" collectingDate="1974-09-01" collectionCode="LG" collectorName="de Rugege &amp; de Gisakura &amp; J. Lambinon" country="Rwanda" elevation="1900" location="Foret de Rugege" municipality="Garamba" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFDF2F2DFE49F9B8FD86F9B1" box="[475,537,1595,1622]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[with protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids]— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDF2F2DFBF2F9BFFB42F9B1" box="[1120,1245,1595,1621]" name="Rwanda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">RWANDA</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFB7BF9BFFA38F9B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFB7BF9BFFA38F9B2" box="[1257,1447,1595,1622]" country="Rwanda" municipality="Garamba" name="Foret de Rugege" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Forêt 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFABEF9BFFA38F9B2" box="[1324,1447,1595,1622]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">de Rugege</collectorName>
</location>
, entre 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDF2F2DFF54F9DBFEB2F99D" box="[198,301,1631,1657]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Garamba</collectingMunicipality>
et la plantation 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFE4FF9DBFDFAF99D" box="[477,613,1631,1657]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">de Gisakura</collectorName>
, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFD07F9DBFD74F99E" box="[661,747,1631,1658]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFD07F9DBFD74F99E" box="[661,747,1631,1658]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, lisière de la forêt de montagne ± secondarisée, en bordure d’un défrichement de fond de vallon, branche tombée, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFD26F907FC1CF979" box="[692,899,1667,1693]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1974-09-01">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFD26F907FC1CF979" box="[692,899,1667,1693]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1974-09-01">1 September 1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC1CF900FBE3F979" box="[910,1148,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFC1CF900FB85F979" box="[910,1050,1667,1693]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">J. Lambinon</collectorName>
74/1039
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFB1EF907FB28F979" box="[1164,1207,1667,1693]" country="Belgium" name="Université de Liège" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">LG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF2FF923FC61F901" blockId="71.[136,1452,1055,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFF2FF923FC65F901" collectingDate="1971-01-10" collectionCode="UPS" collectorName="R. Moberg" country="Tanzania" county="Amani" elevation="850" latitude="-5.116667" location="Karimi Estate" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="38.616665" municipality="Usambara Mts" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tanga">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDF2F2DFF2FF923FED0F925" box="[189,335,1703,1729]" name="Tanzania" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDF2F2DFECFF92CFE3AF926" box="[349,421,1704,1730]" country="Tanzania" name="Tanga" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tanga</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFDF2F2DFE20F923FD9EF925" box="[434,513,1703,1729]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Amani</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDF2F2DFD9DF923FD26F926" box="[527,697,1703,1730]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Usambara Mts</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFD5AF923FCF9F926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFD5AF923FCF9F926" box="[712,870,1703,1730]" country="Tanzania" county="Amani" latitude="-5.116667" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="38.616665" municipality="Usambara Mts" name="Karimi Estate" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Tanga">Karimi Estate</location>
(road towards Monga), elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFB50F923FAD8F926" box="[1218,1351,1703,1730]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFB50F923FAD8F926" box="[1218,1351,1703,1730]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">800–900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDF2F2DFAC4F923FA39F926" box="[1366,1446,1703,1730]" degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="925" value="-5.116667">5°07’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDF2F2DFF1AF94FFF77F901" box="[136,232,1739,1765]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="925" value="38.616665">38°37’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectedFrom id="384F74A5FFDF2F2DFF66F948FE1FF901" box="[244,384,1739,1766]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFE85F94FFE1FF901" box="[279,384,1739,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Grevillea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFE85F94FFE1FF901" box="[279,384,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Grevillea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
along a road, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFD8DF94FFD45F901" box="[543,730,1739,1766]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1971-01-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFD8DF94FFD45F901" box="[543,730,1739,1766]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1971-01-10">10 January 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFD74F948FC36F901" box="[742,937,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFD74F948FCC2F901" box="[742,861,1739,1765]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">R. Moberg</collectorName>
1485b
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFC2BF94FFC6DF901" box="[953,1010,1739,1765]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15542" name="Uppsala University, Museum of Evolution, Botany Section (Fytoteket)" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">UPS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF2FF974FAD2F8C9" blockId="71.[136,1452,1055,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFF2FF974FE6EF8EE" box="[189,497,1775,1802]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pachysporum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF2FF974FE6EF8EE" bold="true" box="[189,497,1775,1802]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parmotrema pachysporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFE65F974FAD6F8C9" collectingDate="1960-02-03" collectionCode="UPS" collectorName="da Bandeira &amp; G. Degelius" country="Angola" elevation="2000" location="Huila" municipality="Sa da Bandeira" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFDF2F2DFE65F974FDAFF8ED" box="[503,560,1775,1802]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDF2F2DFDDEF96BFD58F8ED" box="[588,711,1775,1801]" name="Angola" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFD43F96BFC8BF8ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFD43F96BFC8BF8ED" box="[721,788,1775,1801]" country="Angola" municipality="Sa da Bandeira" name="Huila" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Huila</location>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDF2F2DFC8CF96BFC58F8ED" box="[798,967,1775,1801]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Sá 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFCD3F96BFC58F8ED" box="[833,967,1775,1801]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">da Bandeira</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
[= Lubango], c. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFB10F96BFB56F8ED" box="[1154,1225,1775,1801]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
N of the town, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFF1AF897FF40F8CA" box="[136,223,1811,1838]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFF1AF897FF40F8CA" box="[136,223,1811,1838]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFF79F897FEE0F8C9" box="[235,383,1811,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF79F897FEE0F8C9" box="[235,383,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Brachystegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(etc.) forest by the road, on trees, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFD6DF897FC55F8C9" box="[767,970,1811,1837]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1960-02-03">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFD6DF897FC55F8C9" box="[767,970,1811,1837]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1960-02-03">03 February 1960</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFC47F890FB1EF8C9" box="[981,1153,1811,1838]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFC47F890FBC4F8C9" box="[981,1115,1811,1838]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">G. Degelius</collectorName>
s.n
</emphasis>
. (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFDF2F2DFB05F897FB51F8C9" box="[1175,1230,1811,1837]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15542" name="Uppsala University, Museum of Evolution, Botany Section (Fytoteket)" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Herbarium">UPS</collectionCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDF2F2DFB48F897FADEF8C9" box="[1242,1345,1811,1837]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDF2F2DFF2FF8BCFE02F87D" blockId="71.[136,1452,1055,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFF2FF8BCFE40F8B6" box="[189,479,1847,1874]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="submerrillii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF2FF8BCFE40F8B6" bold="true" box="[189,479,1847,1874]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parmotrema submerrillii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDF2F2DFD92F8B3FE07F87D" collectingDate="1995-10-27" collectorName="H. Streimann" country="Australia" elevation="830" latitude="-19.016666" location="Palluma Range" longLatPrecision="1273" longitude="146.21666" municipality="Paluma village" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDF2F2DFD92F8B3FD3AF8B5" box="[512,677,1847,1873]" name="Australia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDF2F2DFD20F8B3FCA4F8B5" box="[690,827,1847,1873]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDF2F2DFCDAF8B3FC6AF8B5" box="[840,1013,1847,1873]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Paluma village</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFB91F8B3FB2DF8B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFDC2F2DFF1AFE8FFE02F87D:8E8C6183FFDF2F2DFB91F8B3FB2DF8B6" box="[1027,1202,1847,1874]" country="Australia" latitude="-19.016666" longLatPrecision="1273" longitude="146.21666" municipality="Paluma village" name="Palluma Range" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Queensland">Palluma Range</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A5E2E7AFFDF2F2DFB53F8B3FA38F8B5" box="[1217,1447,1847,1873]" location="Ingham" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFB53F8B3FA94F8B5" box="[1217,1291,1847,1873]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
S of Ingham
</locationDeviation>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDF2F2DFF51F8DFFE94F892" box="[195,267,1883,1910]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="830.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDF2F2DFF51F8DFFE94F892" box="[195,267,1883,1910]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDF2F2DFE85F8DFFEEDF891" box="[279,370,1883,1909]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="925" value="-19.016666">19°01’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDF2F2DFEE5F8DFFE77F891" box="[375,488,1883,1909]" degrees="146" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="925" value="146.21666">146°13’E</geoCoordinate>
, regrowth on old quarry site, on semi-shaded treelet stem (
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDF2F2DFBEAF8DFFB4DF891" box="[1144,1234,1883,1909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFBEAF8DFFB4DF891" box="[1144,1234,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Sloanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<date id="FFED1198FFDF2F2DFB7BF8DFFA38F892" box="[1257,1447,1883,1910]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1995-10-27">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDF2F2DFB7BF8DFFA38F892" box="[1257,1447,1883,1910]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1995-10-27">27 October 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDF2F2DFF1AF804FEF6F87D" box="[136,361,1919,1946]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDF2F2DFF1AF804FE83F87E" box="[136,284,1920,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">H. Streimann</collectorName>
57903
</emphasis>
(B)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>