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<document id="28FBE02669DFB56F67729A24E177D8C2" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFB72F5BFF1AFD83FA0BFCF8" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema eleonomum D. M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="3E0AE3DDB1D25279B289A5C096233327">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CC123344796154E4542AA86519FC1AA1">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB498B42879D9A032C2F3BE29FB94127">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="899C3EFFC572AB5733122CD5FAB12213">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="648B973446C83505434B11F0365D6BA5" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5409-9518</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1967DA6D6611A56BB07CA826E76E3993">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="77DA274852B90F178495C70ECD73ACFE" type="email">nicolas.magain@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E8E75B7FFF22865E86D7DA9BB4E2D849">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EE269BEE4802918CF490EB062ECDEA97">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E05A3D44400B20EF6F396CD5A6FC0120">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB72F45FF1AFD83FBE0FDC5" box="[136,1151,518,545]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF1AFD83FBE0FDC5" blockId="47.[136,1452,518,796]" box="[136,1151,518,545]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="D0A48034FFB72F45FF1AFD83FBE0FDC5" box="[136,1151,518,545]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FF1AFD83FC88FDC4" authority="D.M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus." authorityName="D. M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus." box="[136,791,518,545]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF1AFD83FE38FDC5" bold="true" box="[136,423,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Parmotrema eleonomum</emphasis>
D.M. Masson, Magain &amp; Sérus.
</taxonomicName>
, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFB72F45FCB0FD83FCE8FDC4" box="[802,887,519,544]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
MycoBank no. 853868
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF1AFDAAFD0CFD83" blockId="47.[136,1452,518,796]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF1AFDAAFF6EFDA0" bold="true" box="[136,241,558,580]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FE11FDABFD96FDA7" baseAuthorityName="des Abbayes" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[387,521,558,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE11FDABFD96FDA7" box="[387,521,558,580]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. subarnoldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FD3CFDABFCEFFDA7" box="[686,880,558,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FD3CFDABFCEFFDA7" box="[686,880,558,580]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by having marginal cilia of greater mean length (ca. 
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) and by the ITS sequence (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFB72F45FDAEFDD6FD19FD83" box="[572,646,594,616]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[136,224,1743,1767]" captionText="TABLE 3. ITS barcode selected in ITS 1 for all species whose DNA could be extracted. Variation within species reported as species epithet followed par 1, 2 or 3. The barcode is selected with the first six positions identical and with the last two identical. See Schoch et al. (2012) for details on the selection and use of ITS barcode. aurantioreagens G C T T T G A C G G T C C T C G G G G G C C T T C C T C C G T A C C G G austrosinense G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T T C T C C T C C G C G T C G G brachyblepharum G C T T T G G C G G G C C C C T G G G G T C T A C C T C C G C A T C G G cf clavuliferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C C C T C C G C A C C G G crinitum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T C T T C C T T C G C A C C G G cristiferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C T C C T C C G C A T C G G ......continued on the next page" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB72F45FF1AFDF2FB59F998" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF1AFDF2FD58FD37" blockId="47.[136,1452,518,796]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF1AFDF2FF7AFD6F" bold="true" box="[136,229,630,651]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB72F45FF1AFDF2FF7AFD6F" box="[136,229,630,651]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB72F45FE90FDF2FEF9FD6F" box="[258,358,630,651]" name="France" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFB72F45FEE1FDF2FE57FD68" box="[371,456,630,652]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: La Plaine-des-Palmistes, Ligne Deux Mille en Dessous, elev. 
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, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB72F45FA84FDF2FA14FD68" box="[1302,1419,630,652]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="15" seconds="05" value="55.65139">55°39’05”E</geoCoordinate>
, in disturbed submontane 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FE0BFD1EFE66FD4B" box="[409,505,666,687]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE0BFD1EFE66FD4B" box="[409,505,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wet thicket, in an overall NE orientation, on bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FBE5FD1EFAA4FD54" box="[1143,1339,666,688]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FBE5FD1EFAA4FD54" box="[1143,1339,666,688]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFB72F45FADAFD1EFF70FD37" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2013-08-24">24 August 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF6BFD3BFE5EFD37" box="[249,449,702,724]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">D. Masson 974.4448</emphasis>
(MNHN-PC-PC0088071).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF1AFD66FC46FD1C" blockId="47.[136,1452,518,796]" box="[136,985,738,760]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB72F45FE49FD66FE68FD1C" box="[475,503,738,760]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PP</collectionCode>
840574), mtSSU (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB72F45FD37FD66FD5DFD1C" box="[677,706,738,760]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PP</collectionCode>
842541), EF1-α (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB72F45FCF4FD66FC1CFD1C" box="[870,899,738,760]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PP</collectionCode>
852802).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF1AFC86FF75FCF8" blockId="47.[136,1452,518,796]" box="[136,234,770,796]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FF02FC86FF7DFCF8" box="[144,226,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF1AFCCEFA05FC80" blockId="47.[136,1452,842,2093]" box="[136,1434,842,869]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Morphological description and chemistry based on accessions whose molecular data are available (
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFB72F45FB4FFCCEFA11FC80" box="[1245,1422,842,868]" count="4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF2FFCEAFCC7FA08" blockId="47.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF2FFCEAFE8EFC6C" box="[189,273,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, membranaceous, up to 11 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FBB1FCEAFBF0FC6D" box="[1059,1135,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FBEFFCEAFB5FFC6C" box="[1149,1216,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lobes</emphasis>
irregular, imbricate, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FF1AFC16FF6CFC49" box="[136,243,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 mm</quantity>
wide, frequently broadly concave or irregularly crumpled, sorediate lobes often ± involute; margins wavy, crenate to somewhat shortly laciniate when sorediate, mostly ascendant, ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FBB1FC32FB14FC34" box="[1059,1163,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FB32FC32FB47FC34" box="[1184,1240,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Cilia</emphasis>
conspicuous (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FAECFC32FF24FC10" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20D</figureCitation>
), black, some with coppery-red glints (pigment), numerous and ± evenly distributed at lobe margins, simple, occasionally forked, ca. 
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in diameter at the base, (2)2.9– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FC58FC7AFC64FBFC" box="[970,1019,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">4.54</emphasis>
–6.2(6.3) mm long (n = 120, from 
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFB72F45FA0FFC7AFE9FFBD8" count="4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
, mean values for each specimen: 4.11, 4.48, 4.78, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FCD5FBA6FC30FBD9" box="[839,943,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.80 mm</quantity>
, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FC2FFBA6FB8DFBD8" box="[957,1042,1058,1084]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[136,229,774,796]" captionTargetBox="[167,1422,199,743]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[154,1430,193,750]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of the mean lengths (± SE) of the marginal cilia of 4 species of the P. subarnoldii group: P. subarnoldii (lectotype from Madagascar, 1 specimen from Rwanda), P. eleonomum (7 specimens from Réunion), P. brachyblepharum (8 specimens from Réunion), and P. udisilvestre (14 specimens from Réunion, 1 from Madagascar). Soralia of type A: marginal, linear or ± subcapitate or labriform; soralia of type B: submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217494/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FBBAFBA7FB54FBD8" box="[1064,1227,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale greenish grey, dull, somewhat shinier towards the periphery, emaculate or faintly ± punctiform white-maculate, smooth, rugulose to ± rugose and cracked in the older parts; sorediate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, phyllidia and isidia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FACBFBEEFA34FB60" box="[1369,1451,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Soralia</emphasis>
most often terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae (&lt;
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FC71FB0AFBB7FB4C" box="[995,1064,1166,1192]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), also linear discontinuous on lobe margins (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FF61FB36FE2CFB28" box="[243,435,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20C &amp; 20D</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE55FB36FD82FB28" box="[455,541,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Soredia</emphasis>
subgranulose, (30)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FC94FB36FCA8FB28" box="[774,823,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">41.6</emphasis>
–(60) µm in diameter (n = 120, from 4 thalli, SD = 6.9 µm). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF55FB52FEBFFB14" box="[199,288,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lobules</emphasis>
rare, marginal, ciliate or not, up to 2.5 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FD6EFB52FCC9FB15" box="[764,854,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FCF0FB52FC20FB14" box="[866,959,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Medulla</emphasis>
white throughout. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FB0BFB53FAA4FB14" box="[1177,1339,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lower surface</emphasis>
rugulose, dull, shinier towards the lobe tips, black to the margin, or with a chestnut brown erhizinate marginal zone (ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FADDFB7EFA33FAF1" box="[1359,1452,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
wide) at main lobe tips. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE0CFA9AFE62FADC" box="[414,509,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Rhizines</emphasis>
moderately dense, ± in scattered groups, concolor to the lower surface, sometimes with lighter tip when young, simple, rarely 1–2 times branched or fasciculate, rather short and thick centrally but more slender and looking like cilia near margins, then up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FCBBFAE2FCF5FA65" box="[809,874,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FC22FAE2FBBDFA64" box="[944,1058,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Apothecia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FBECFAE2FB7DFA64" box="[1150,1250,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pycnidia</emphasis>
rare, submarginal towards lobe apices; only primordia seen. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FDFCFA0EFD57FA40" box="[622,712,1418,1444]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FDFCFA0EFD57FA40" box="[622,712,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Conidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not found. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FCC2FA0FFC79FA40" box="[848,998,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Upper cortex</emphasis>
palisade plectenchymatous, not fragile, (15)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF57FA2AFF69FA2C" box="[197,246,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">20.8</emphasis>
–(30) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE27FA2AFDA9FA2C" box="[437,566,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Algal layer</emphasis>
± continuous, (13)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FCB0FA2AFCCCFA2C" box="[802,851,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">18.0</emphasis>
–(22) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FB81FA2AFBEFFA2C" box="[1043,1136,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Medulla</emphasis>
(65)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FB25FA2AFB77FA2C" box="[1207,1256,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">89.4</emphasis>
–(100) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF1AFA57FE82FA08" box="[136,285,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lower cortex</emphasis>
prosoplectenchymatous, (13)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FDE5FA56FD29FA08" box="[631,694,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">14.5–</emphasis>
(16) µm thick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF2FFA72FB59F998" blockId="47.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF2FFA72FEA4F9F4" bold="true" box="[189,315,1526,1552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FECDFA73FD13F9F4" box="[351,652,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K−, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB72F45FB15FA72FB33F9F4" box="[1159,1196,1526,1552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C−</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB72F45FB24FA72FB41F9F4" box="[1206,1246,1526,1552]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">KC</collectionCode>
+ pink, P+ orange, UV−. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF5CF99EFE53F9D0" box="[206,460,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB72F45FE4EF99EFD88F9D0" box="[476,535,1562,1588]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">TLC</collectionCode>
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with protocetraric acid (major), protolichesterinic acid (major), lichesterinic acid (minor/trace), ± unidentified fatty acid (Rf classes:A2-3, B1, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB72F45FF1AF9E6FF02F998" box="[136,157,1634,1660]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
2; minor); it was not possible to extract the pigment(s) that give the coppery glint to some cilia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB72F45FF2FF902FB4AF8B0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF2FF902FDD6F8E9" blockId="47.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF2FF902FEA1F944" bold="true" box="[189,318,1670,1696]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology</emphasis>
:— From the Greek 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FD8EF902FD03F944" box="[540,668,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">eleionomos</emphasis>
: marsh-dwelling. Eleionomae were marshland naiads in ancient Greek mythology. It is said that these nymphs deceived travellers with their illusions. The epithet refers to the habitat of the species in the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB72F45FEB6F94BFECBF90D" box="[292,340,1743,1769]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
locality (wet thicket of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FDCCF94AFD51F90C" box="[606,718,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FDCCF94AFD51F90C" box="[606,718,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as well as the deceptive morphological and chemical similarities with the sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FECDF977FDDDF8E8" box="[351,578,1778,1804]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FECDF977FDDDF8E8" box="[351,578,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF2FF892FB4AF8B0" blockId="47.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF2FF892FE69F8D4" bold="true" box="[189,502,1814,1840]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFB72F45FD8AF892FB4FF8B0" country="Réunion" elevation="870" location="So" municipality="It" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E8C6183FFB72F45FD8AF892FDA9F8D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFB72F5BFF1AFD83FA0BFCF8:8E8C6183FFB72F45FD8AF892FDA9F8D4" box="[536,566,1814,1840]" country="Réunion" municipality="It" name="So" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">So</location>
far only known from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB72F45FCA4F892FC06F8D4" box="[822,921,1814,1840]" name="Réunion" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Réunion</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFB72F45FC36F893FC2AF8D5" box="[932,949,1815,1841]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">It</collectingMunicipality>
seems to be a rare species, collected on the windward side of the island at 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FE72F8BEFDB8F8B1" box="[480,551,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="870.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB72F45FE72F8BEFDB8F8B1" box="[480,551,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation (
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB72F45FD31F8BEFD4AF8B0" box="[675,725,1850,1876]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
locality) and, possibly, at 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FC69F8BEFBCFF8B1" box="[1019,1104,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1230.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB72F45FC69F8BEFBCFF8B1" box="[1019,1104,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1230.0">1230 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FBCDF8BEFB57F8B0" box="[1119,1224,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB72F5BFF2FF8DAFA0BFCF8" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF2FF8DAFE5BF7C8" blockId="47.[136,1452,842,2093]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF2FF8DAFE83F89C" bold="true" box="[189,284,1886,1912]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ecology</emphasis>
:—At its 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB72F45FE10F8DBFE2DF89D" box="[386,434,1887,1913]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
locality, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FD85F8DBFCB5F89C" box="[535,810,1886,1912]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FD85F8DBFCB5F89C" box="[535,810,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Parmotrema eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found on the smooth bark of branches of the endemic screw pine 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FE9AF806FE73F878" box="[264,492,1922,1948]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE9AF806FE73F878" box="[264,492,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in a ± disturbed submontane 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FCACF806FC31F878" box="[830,942,1922,1948]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FCACF806FC31F878" box="[830,942,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wet thicket. A specimen, which could belong to this species on the basis of its morphological and chemical features (but without molecular data), was also collected on the bark of a trunk of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FE31F84FFDCAF801" box="[419,597,1995,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE31F84FFDB1F800" box="[419,558,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Weinmannia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
in a windward montane rainforest. The bioclimates of the two locations are similar: pluvial tropical in the lower mesotropical belt (It = 482 and 425) and the ultrahyperhumid ombrotype belt (Io = 25.6 and 28.3) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FEC2F796FE28F7C8" box="[336,439,2066,2092]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" captionTargetId="figure-19@48.[152,1433,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 20. Parmotrema eleonomum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C &amp; D: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: Masson 974.4997); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFA82F5AFF1AF948FEB2F872" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217514/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[136,229,1740,1762]" targetBox="[153,1432,194,1712]" targetPageId="48" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA82F5AFF1AF948FEB2F872" blockId="48.[136,1452,1740,1942]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFF1AF948FE94F905" bold="true" box="[136,267,1740,1762]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA82F5AFE81F949FD9CF905" box="[275,515,1740,1762]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFE81F949FD9CF905" box="[275,515,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Parmotrema eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFD83F948FDBDF905" bold="true" box="[529,546,1740,1761]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cell = specimens with molecular data, pale yellow cell with a cross = specimen without molecular data; 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFC5EF974FC43F8E1" bold="true" box="[972,988,1776,1797]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFA82F5AFC33F890FB70F8CD" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. &amp; Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A." box="[929,1263,1812,1834]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Rivas-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFBAFF891FBF7F8CD" box="[1085,1128,1812,1834]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 17–18
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFA93F890FA8DF8CE" bold="true" box="[1281,1298,1812,1834]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFAA0F890FADCF8CD" bold="true" box="[1330,1347,1812,1833]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
: Sorediate lobes with conspicuous long cilia, and soralia terminal ± subcapitate on marginal teeth or very short laciniae, or linear discontinuous on lobe margins (C: holotype, D: 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFE23F8D9FDC2F895" box="[433,605,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Masson 974.4997</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFDE0F8D8FD1DF895" bold="true" box="[626,642,1884,1905]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 1 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA82F5BFF2FF841FCF1FEAD" blockId="48.[136,1452,1989,2087]" lastBlockId="49.[136,1452,158,797]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFF2FF841FE9FF83B" bold="true" box="[189,256,1989,2015]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Notes</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA82F5AFEB6F841FDA6F83B" box="[292,569,1989,2015]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFEB6F841FDA6F83B" box="[292,569,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Parmotrema eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is phenotypically very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA82F5AFC24F841FB05F83B" box="[950,1178,1989,2015]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5AFC24F841FB05F83B" box="[950,1178,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it co-occurs in the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFA82F5AFF43F86DFE9EF7E7" box="[209,257,2025,2051]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
locality. The only character discriminating the two species seems to be the mean length of cilia fringing the lobes (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFA82F5AFE92F789FEC5F7C3" box="[256,346,2060,2087]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="26.[137,229,952,976]" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of some morphological characters of four species of the P. subarnoldii group. All specimens were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses, except those of P. subarnoldii s. str. The mean values reported are the observed extremes. For each character, the number of specimens studied appears in brackets. Soralia of type A: marginal, linear or ± subcapitate or labriform; soralia of type B: submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex." pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Table 5</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA82F5AFEFBF789FE21F7C3" box="[361,446,2061,2087]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[136,229,774,796]" captionTargetBox="[167,1422,199,743]" captionTargetId="figure-20@26.[154,1430,193,750]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of the mean lengths (± SE) of the marginal cilia of 4 species of the P. subarnoldii group: P. subarnoldii (lectotype from Madagascar, 1 specimen from Rwanda), P. eleonomum (7 specimens from Réunion), P. brachyblepharum (8 specimens from Réunion), and P. udisilvestre (14 specimens from Réunion, 1 from Madagascar). Soralia of type A: marginal, linear or ± subcapitate or labriform; soralia of type B: submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217494/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). In the specimens studied, the average length of the cilia is greater than 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA82F5AFA87F788FAF1F7C3" box="[1301,1390,2060,2087]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA82F5BFA05F789FE96FF5C" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" order="Lecanorales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA82F5BFA05F789FE96FF5C" italics="true" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas it is less than this value in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFD0CFF1BFC1FFF5C" box="[670,896,158,184]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD0CFF1BFC1FFF5C" box="[670,896,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand, comparison of ITS sequences strongly support the separation of two taxa (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFDE4FF46FD25FF38" box="[630,698,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFA92F5BFD57FF46FC85FF38" box="[709,794,194,220]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[136,224,1743,1767]" captionText="TABLE 3. ITS barcode selected in ITS 1 for all species whose DNA could be extracted. Variation within species reported as species epithet followed par 1, 2 or 3. The barcode is selected with the first six positions identical and with the last two identical. See Schoch et al. (2012) for details on the selection and use of ITS barcode. aurantioreagens G C T T T G A C G G T C C T C G G G G G C C T T C C T C C G T A C C G G austrosinense G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T T C T C C T C C G C G T C G G brachyblepharum G C T T T G G C G G G C C C C T G G G G T C T A C C T C C G C A T C G G cf clavuliferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C C C T C C G C A C C G G crinitum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T C T T C C T T C G C A C C G G cristiferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C T C C T C C G C A T C G G ......continued on the next page" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Further, phylogenetic analysis based on a 3-locus dataset confirm they are indeed different, the isidiate 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFD14FF63FCDBFEE4" box="[646,836,230,256]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcorallinum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD14FF63FCDBFEE4" box="[646,836,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. subcorallinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being the closer sister species to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFB25FF63FACCFEE4" box="[1207,1363,230,256]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFB25FF63FACCFEE4" box="[1207,1363,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the clade formed by both of them being strongly supported as sister to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFCFAFE8FFBD5FEC0" box="[872,1098,266,292]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFCFAFE8FFBD5FEC0" box="[872,1098,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFBCAFE8EFB04FEC0" box="[1112,1179,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Lastly, Stacey and bPP analyses clearly separate 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFE36FEABFDDFFEAC" box="[420,576,302,328]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE36FEABFDDFFEAC" box="[420,576,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFD17FEABFCF8FEAC" box="[645,871,302,328]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD17FEABFCF8FEAC" box="[645,871,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF2FFED6FEDAFE3C" blockId="49.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Morphological characteristics clearly distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFD6FFED7FC3CFE88" box="[765,931,338,365]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD6FFED7FC91FE88" box="[765,782,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFCB0FED6FC3CFE88" box="[802,931,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFC61FED7FB0BFE88" box="[1011,1172,338,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="udisilvestre">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFC61FED7FB0BFE88" box="[1011,1172,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. udisilvestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFA92F5BFB3AFED6FA9BFE89" box="[1192,1284,338,365]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="26.[137,229,952,976]" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of some morphological characters of four species of the P. subarnoldii group. All specimens were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses, except those of P. subarnoldii s. str. The mean values reported are the observed extremes. For each character, the number of specimens studied appears in brackets. Soralia of type A: marginal, linear or ± subcapitate or labriform; soralia of type B: submarginal, arising from pustule-like swellings, or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Table 5</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFA8DFED7FE96FE74" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="eleonomum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFA8DFED7FE96FE74" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parmotrema eleonomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as well as 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFE16FEF3FDFAFE74" box="[388,613,374,400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachyblepharum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE16FEF3FDFAFE74" box="[388,613,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. brachyblepharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) has a non-fragile upper cortex (versus fragile and flaking in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFB6CFEF3FA04FE74" box="[1278,1435,374,401]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="udisilvestre">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFB6CFEF3FA90FE74" box="[1278,1295,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFA89FEF2FA04FE74" box="[1307,1435,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">udisilvestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), its soralia have a different location and development, and the soredia produced have a smaller mean size (subgranular versus granular).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF2FFE66FD50FE19" blockId="49.[136,1452,158,797]" box="[189,719,482,509]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFF2FFE66FD57FE18" bold="true" box="[189,712,482,508]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFA92F5BFF2FFE66FDA8FE18" box="[189,567,482,508]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
(
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFA92F5BFDD4FE66FD5FFE18" box="[582,704,482,508]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF2FFD82FB7FFD8C" blockId="49.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Genetically analysed specimens:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFA92F5BFDD5FD82FD25FDC4" box="[583,698,518,544]" name="France" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFA92F5BFD54FD82FCB6FDC4" box="[710,809,518,544]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: La Plaine-des-Palmistes, Ligne Deux Mille en Dessous, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFF51FDAEFE92FDA1" box="[195,269,554,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFE8BFDAEFE00FDA0" box="[281,415,554,580]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-21.1175">21°07’03”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFE3EFDAEFDAAFDA1" box="[428,565,554,581]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="05" value="55.65139">55°39’05”E</geoCoordinate>
, in submontane 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFD7FFDAEFCC2FDA0" box="[749,861,554,580]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD7FFDAEFCC2FDA0" box="[749,861,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wet thicket, in an overall NE orientation, on bark of branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFE83FDCAFE6AFD8C" box="[273,501,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE83FDCAFE6AFD8C" box="[273,501,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFA92F5BFD91FDCAFD28FD8C" box="[515,695,590,616]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2017-08-18">18 August 2017</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD50FDCBFB06FD8C" box="[706,1177,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D. Masson 974.4993, 974.4995, 974.4997</emphasis>
(LG).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF2FFDF6FA0BFCF8" blockId="49.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Non-genetically analysed specimens:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFA92F5BFD15FDF6FD65FD68" box="[647,762,626,652]" name="France" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFA92F5BFC9EFDF6FCF0FD68" box="[780,879,626,652]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: La Plaine-des-Palmistes, Ligne Deux Mille en Dessous, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFEBFFD12FEEAFD55" box="[301,373,662,689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFE12FD12FD99FD54" box="[384,518,662,688]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-21.1175">21°07’03”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFD80FD12FD04FD55" box="[530,667,662,689]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="05" value="55.65139">55°39’05”E</geoCoordinate>
, in submontane 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFCDCFD12FC21FD54" box="[846,958,662,688]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFCDCFD12FC21FD54" box="[846,958,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wet thicket, in an overall NE orientation, on bark of branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFEFEFD3EFDCEFD30" box="[364,593,698,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFEFEFD3EFDCEFD30" box="[364,593,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFA92F5BFDF2FD3EFC89FD30" box="[608,790,698,724]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2013-08-24">24 August 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFCB0FD3FFB92FD30" box="[802,1037,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D. Masson 974.4449</emphasis>
(REU), 
<date id="FFED1198FFA92F5BFBFDFD3EFABAFD30" box="[1135,1317,698,724]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2017-08-18">18 August 2017</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFAA3FD3FFF6EFD1C" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D. Masson 974.4996</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); Saint-Benoît, forêt de Bébour, trail to Takamaka, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFC6DFD5AFBC6FD1D" box="[1023,1113,734,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1230.0">1230 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFBFAFD5AFB70FD1D" box="[1128,1263,734,761]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-21.097778">21°05’52”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFB6CFD5AFA19FD1D" box="[1278,1414,734,761]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="46" value="55.579445">55°34’46”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, on bark of a trunk of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFD5CFC87FC1EFCF9" box="[718,897,771,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD5CFC87FCC6FCF8" box="[718,857,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Weinmannia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFA92F5BFC1CFC86FBBEFCF9" box="[910,1057,770,797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2005-07-29">29 July 2005</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFBBEFC87FA89FCF8" box="[1068,1302,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D. Masson 974.1854</emphasis>
(Hb. DM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>