treatments-xml/data/03/FA/86/03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38.xml

<document id="5ED4C8F666301FF105E62F2D4FC19DFF" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema mirum D. M. Masson &amp; Serus., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="783DE2AF07640590F81E5849BF7A5EF5">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="30EC9CC4D98562B0CF353DB12437DF84">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EAFE5EF74358B8F645CBBB673758684E">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="68BDB1CDEC232E8FD2EC6A26B37451B8">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B876605346674A3DCD5C2D09575329A">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AF9F78BD1B913C450E40A1A94437FBC9">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F5D1303F75CF909CE8361AA0C087E0F">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="A7631A35AC6E8174EAFF58AAF1FE0540">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA62F54FF1AFA0FFC7EFA41" blockId="62.[136,1452,1418,1732]" box="[136,993,1418,1445]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA62F54FF1AFA0FFDE5FA40" authority="D.M. Masson &amp; Serus." authorityName="D. M. Masson &amp; Serus." box="[136,634,1418,1445]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FF1AFA0FFEF1FA40" bold="true" box="[136,366,1418,1445]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Parmotrema mirum</emphasis>
D.M. Masson &amp; Sérus.
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, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFA62F54FD17FA0FFD45FA40" box="[645,730,1419,1444]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
MycoBank no. 853872
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FF1AFA36FF6EFA2C" bold="true" box="[136,241,1458,1480]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Ascospores, conidia and chemistry similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA62F54FD52FA37FBD1FA2C" authority="(Kremp.) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Kremp." box="[704,1102,1458,1480]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subrugatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FD52FA37FC2BFA23" box="[704,948,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Parmotrema subrugatum</emphasis>
(Kremp.) Hale
</taxonomicName>
, but differs mainly by the constant presence of abundant and well-developed isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple, by the constricted stipe of the apothecium, and by the lower cortex without a white or cream marginal zone.
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFA62F54FF1AF99AFE7DF99F" collectingDate="2012-08-27" collectorName="Le Tampon &amp; D. Masson" country="France" elevation="1865" latitude="-21.178888" location="Piton Textor" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="55.63639" municipality="Le Tampon" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Reunion" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FF1AF99AFF7AF9D7" bold="true" box="[136,229,1566,1587]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFA62F54FF1AF99AFF7AF9D7" box="[136,229,1566,1587]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFA62F54FE90F99AFEF9F9D7" box="[258,358,1566,1587]" name="France" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFA62F54FEFCF99AFE5CF9D0" box="[366,451,1566,1588]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: 
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFA62F54FE5EF99AFDA4F9D7" box="[460,571,1566,1587]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Le Tampon</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
, 
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trail, elev. 
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<elevation id="007ED06BFFA62F54FCB6F99AFCF0F9D7" box="[804,879,1566,1588]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1865.0">1865 m</elevation>
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, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA62F54FC64F99AFBF6F9D0" box="[1014,1129,1566,1588]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" precision="15" seconds="11" value="55.63639">55°38’11”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, in an overall north orientation, on the bark of small branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA62F54FCBDF9C6FC50F9B3" box="[815,975,1602,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Tambourissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FCBDF9C6FC35F9B3" box="[815,938,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Tambourissa</emphasis>
sp.
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, 
<date id="FFED1198FFA62F54FC48F9C6FBE9F9B3" box="[986,1142,1602,1623]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="2012-08-27">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFA62F54FC48F9C6FBE9F9B3" box="[986,1142,1602,1623]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="2012-08-27">27 August 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FB13F9C7FAD4F9B3" box="[1153,1355,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFA62F54FB13F9C7FB75F9BC" box="[1153,1258,1603,1624]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">D. Masson</collectorName>
974.4089
</emphasis>
(MNHN-PC-PC0088075; 
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: LG).
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</paragraph>
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GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
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840541), mtSSU (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFA62F54FD37F90EFD5DF944" box="[677,706,1674,1696]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">PP</collectionCode>
842527).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA62F54FF1AF92EFF75F920" blockId="62.[136,1452,1418,1732]" box="[136,234,1706,1732]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA62F54FF02F92EFF7DF920" box="[144,226,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA62F55FF1AF976FE39FC48" blockId="62.[136,1451,1778,2093]" lastBlockId="63.[136,1452,158,2056]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FF1AF976FF43F8E8" box="[136,220,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, moderately adnate, membranaceous to coriaceous, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA62F54FC72F976FBB6F8E9" box="[992,1065,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA62F54FBEBF976FB2BF8E9" box="[1145,1204,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FA9BF976FAD3F8E8" box="[1289,1356,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Lobes</emphasis>
often ± elongated along the axis of the support (branch), irregularly or ± dichotomously branched, contiguous to imbricate, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA62F54FF1AF8BEFF6CF8B1" box="[136,243,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.0">3–12 mm</quantity>
wide, irregularly wrinkled, apices rounded; with margins sinuate, denticulate to laciniate, rarely lobulate, ± ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA62F54FF4FF8DAFEDCF89C" box="[221,323,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FEC5F8DAFE10F89C" box="[343,399,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cilia</emphasis>
rare to numerous, black, mostly irregularly distributed at the lobe margins, also occasionally present at the margin of laciniae, on isidioid protuberances of the amphithecium (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA62F54FBB9F806FB0CF878" box="[1067,1171,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
), and at the tip of isidia, simple, rarely forked, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA62F54FE34F822FDD6F825" box="[422,585,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.06" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.09 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA62F54FC05F822FC73F825" box="[919,1004,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FBA0F823FB4DF824" box="[1074,1234,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale greenish grey, ± shiny, without maculae (except at the base of some apothecia), smooth to rugose, not cracked, isidiate or not, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, soralia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA62F54FD88F86AFDC5F7EC" box="[538,602,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Isidia</emphasis>
present in 16 of the 26 thalli examined (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA62F54FBB3F86AFB15F7EC" box="[1057,1162,2030,2056]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
), laminal, sometimes also marginal, irregularly distributed, quite often in clusters, cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple, rarely 1–2 times branched, occasionally apically ciliate, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FCD1FF1AFC06FF5D" box="[835,921,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
high, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FBB3FF1AFB19FF5D" box="[1057,1158,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
thick, sometimes develop into 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF2EFF46FEBFFF38" box="[188,288,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">phyllidia</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FEBDFF47FE0EFF38" box="[303,401,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Laciniae</emphasis>
marginal, usually numerous, elongated, fairly short (&lt;
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FB97FF46FBD8FF39" box="[1029,1095,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long) and narrow (
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FAB0FF46FA33FF39" box="[1314,1452,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
wide), not or hardly branched, at times ± canaliculate with subterete apex, sometimes ciliate, occasionally much more developed (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FE00FE8EFE4AFEC1" box="[402,469,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FDDBFE8EFD14FEC1" box="[585,651,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide) and repeatedly branched. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FB92FE8EFBC6FEC0" box="[1024,1113,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lobules</emphasis>
occasional, marginal, up to 5 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FF33FEAAFF77FEAD" box="[161,232,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF67FEAAFECDFEAC" box="[245,338,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Medulla</emphasis>
white throughout. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FDBCFEABFD4EFEAC" box="[558,721,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lower surface</emphasis>
rugulose, fairly shiny, especially on the periphery; black to the margin, or with a chestnut brown or grey-brown marginal zone (ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FC13FED6FC41FE89" box="[897,990,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
wide), especially at main lobe tips; often becoming ivory or cream under apothecia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FDF1FEF2FD5DFE74" box="[611,706,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Rhizines</emphasis>
rather numerous, unevenly distributed, sometimes extending to the margin of the lobes, concolor to the lower surface, simple, rarely 1–(2) times branched, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FB0CFE1EFB6BFE51" box="[1182,1268,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FAA8FE1EFA33FE50" box="[1338,1452,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Apothecia</emphasis>
common, laminal and submarginal, up to 
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in diameter, shortly stipitate on constricted stipes (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FAA5FE3AFA11FE3D" box="[1335,1422,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
in diameter); disc perforate or imperforate, irrespective of the stage of development of the apothecium (diameter of the smallest apothecium with perforate disc = 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FDE0FD82FD51FDC4" box="[626,718,518,544]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
), orange brown to reddish brown, ± shiny, first concave, then ± flattening with age; thalline margin, amphithecium, and later on sometimes also stipe, early developing numerous, coarse, irregular, ± flattened, and ± branched isidioid protuberances (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FC45FDCAFB87FD8D" box="[983,1048,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long) which occasionally bear cilia and pycnidia (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA72F55FEB7FDF6FE15FD68" box="[293,394,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
); hymenium s. lat. (150)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FD37FDF6FD7BFD68" box="[677,740,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">158.2</emphasis>
–(175) µm high, proper exciple with hyaline layer (6)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FAD2FDF6FAF0FD68" box="[1344,1391,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">11.1</emphasis>
–(15) µm high, intermediate layer (7)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE66FD12FDBCFD54" box="[500,547,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">11.4</emphasis>
–(13) µm high, cortex-like basal layer (10)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FB9FFD12FBA1FD54" box="[1037,1086,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">14.6</emphasis>
–(20) µm high. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FB7CFD13FAF2FD55" box="[1262,1389,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ascospores</emphasis>
8 per ascus, simple, colourless, ellipsoidal, (26)29– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FD02FD3EFD5EFD30" box="[656,705,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">33.8</emphasis>
–38.5(43) × (13)14.5– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FC2DFD3EFC6FFD30" box="[959,1008,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">17.6</emphasis>
–20.5(21.5) µm, Q = (1.44)1.59– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FAFEFD3EFA02FD30" box="[1388,1437,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">1.94</emphasis>
– 2.29(2.50), epispore (2)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE33FD5AFE5BFD1C" box="[417,452,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">3.6</emphasis>
–(4.5) µm thick, n = 330, from 11 thalli, mean values for each thallus: 31.6 × 16.8, 32.4 × 16.4, 32.4 × 18.3, 32.5 × 17.6, 33.2 × 16.8, 33.3 × 16.7, 34.7 × 19.2, 35.1 × 18.5, 35.4 × 17.9, 35.5 × 17.6, 35.8 × 17.4 µm. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF65FCA2FEC4FCA4" box="[247,347,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pycnidia</emphasis>
frequent, mostly submarginal, sometimes also on laciniae or lobules, black. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FB56FCA2FA81FCA4" box="[1220,1310,806,832]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FB56FCA2FA81FCA4" box="[1220,1310,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Conidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
unciform to bacilliform 4.5–5.5 × ca. 1 µm. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE7DFCCFFD1BFC80" box="[495,644,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Upper cortex</emphasis>
palisade plectenchymatous, not fragile, (17)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FB14FCCEFB28FC80" box="[1158,1207,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">19.1</emphasis>
–(23) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FAFDFCCEFF5DFC6C" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Algal layer</emphasis>
continuous, (12)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE1BFCEAFE25FC6C" box="[393,442,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">17.2</emphasis>
–(20) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FDF8FCEAFD58FC6C" box="[618,711,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Medulla</emphasis>
(95)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FC9BFCEAFCD7FC6C" box="[777,840,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">100.5</emphasis>
–(107) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FB97FCEBFB08FC6C" box="[1029,1175,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lower cortex</emphasis>
prosoplectenchymatous, (12)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF57FC16FE9BFC48" box="[197,260,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">14.0–</emphasis>
(15) µm thick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA72F55FF2FFC32FB7BFBD8" blockId="63.[136,1452,158,2056]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF2FFC32FEA4FC34" bold="true" box="[189,315,950,976]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FECDFC33FD0FFC34" box="[351,656,950,977]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K−, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFA72F55FB05FC32FB23FC34" box="[1175,1212,950,976]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C−</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFA72F55FB5AFC32FB6FFC34" box="[1224,1264,950,976]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">KC</collectionCode>
+ fleeting purple pink, then orange, P−, UV+ blue-white. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FDD3FC5EFCA1FC10" box="[577,830,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFA72F55FCD9FC5EFC19FC10" box="[843,902,986,1012]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">TLC</collectionCode>
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with alectoronic acid (major, constant), ± α-collatolic acid (major, present in 46% of the investigated thalli), ± 1–2 undetermined substances, most probably of the alectoronic acid chemosyndrome (minor/trace).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFA72F55FF2FFBC2FAE0FAF1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA72F55FF2FFBC2FE70FB60" blockId="63.[136,1452,158,2056]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF2FFBC2FEA1FB84" bold="true" box="[189,318,1094,1120]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Etymology</emphasis>
: From the Latin 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FD9FFBC3FDD2FB84" box="[525,589,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">mirus</emphasis>
: surprising, remarkable. The specific epithet relates to the unusual outgrowths on thalline exciple of apothecia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA72F55FF2FFB0AFAE0FAF1" blockId="63.[136,1452,158,2056]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF2FFB0AFE68FB4C" bold="true" box="[189,503,1166,1192]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:—So far known from only three locations on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFA72F55FB82FB0AFBF0FB4C" box="[1040,1135,1166,1192]" name="Réunion" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Réunion</collectingCountry>
(in two UTM 1× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FAAEFB0AFAEAFB4C" box="[1340,1397,1166,1192]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
grid cells, or two UTM 2× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FEE8FB36FE2CFB28" box="[378,435,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
grid cells, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA72F55FDBCFB36FD0AFB28" box="[558,661,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
), on the north-western and southern slopes of the Piton de la Fournaise massif. The three locations are curiously situated near the upper (
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FCF5FB52FC20FB14" box="[871,959,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="1865.0">1865 m</quantity>
) and lower (1085 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA72F55FB2CFB52FA8CFB14" box="[1214,1299,1238,1264]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
) limits of the montane belt. Although apparently not widespread on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFA72F55FD7AFB7EFCD5FAF0" box="[744,842,1274,1300]" name="Réunion" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, this lichen can be quite abundant where it occurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFA72F2EFF2FFA9AFD74FF38" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA72F55FF2FFA9AFD87FA08" blockId="63.[136,1452,158,2056]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF2FFA9AFE83FADC" bold="true" box="[189,284,1310,1336]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ecology</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FED2FA9BFD82FADC" box="[320,541,1311,1336]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FED2FA9BFD82FADC" box="[320,541,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Parmotrema mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a corticolous species, found on the bark of small branches of trees and shrubs (
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FF03FAC6FE98FAB8" box="[145,263,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Antidesma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF03FAC6FE98FAB8" box="[145,263,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Antidesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FE84FAC6FE04FAB8" box="[278,411,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE84FAC6FE04FAB8" box="[278,411,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Sideroxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FE3BFAC6FDA6FAB8" box="[425,569,1346,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Tambourissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE3BFAC6FDA6FAB8" box="[425,569,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Tambourissa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and on a liana stem (
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FCA6FAC7FC1AFAB8" box="[820,901,1347,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Danais" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FCA6FAC7FC1AFAB8" box="[820,901,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Danais</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It was found in 
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFA72F55FBDCFAC7FB25FAB9" box="[1102,1210,1347,1373]" count="2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of habitat: windward montane rainforest and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FE04FAE2FD99FA64" box="[406,518,1382,1408]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE04FAE2FD99FA64" box="[406,518,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane wet thicket. According to the pluvial tropical bioclimate and bioclimatic indices of the localities, the species seems to be very ombrophilous [ombrotype belts = upper hyperhumid (Io = 20.6) and ultrahyperhumid (Io = 25.9)], but rather eurythermal [thermotype belts = upper thermotropical (It = 502) and upper mesotropical (It = 345)] (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA72F55FE36FA56FD94FA08" box="[420,523,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" captionTargetId="figure-19@64.[150,1435,193,1463]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parmotrema mirum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (Masson 974.4275); D: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (Masson 974.4274); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA72F55FF2FFA72FA03F7EC" blockId="63.[136,1452,158,2056]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FF2FFA72FE9FF9F4" bold="true" box="[189,256,1526,1552]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Notes</emphasis>
:—With its thallus bearing numerous apothecia, its short unciform to bacilliform conidia, its large and thick-walled ascospores, and its medulla with alectoronic acid as a major and constant extrolite, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FB24F99FFA0DF9D0" box="[1206,1426,1563,1588]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FB24F99FFA0DF9D0" box="[1206,1426,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Parmotrema mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to members of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FE20F9BBFDCBF9BC" box="[434,596,1598,1624]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subrugatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE20F9BBFDCBF9BC" box="[434,596,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. subrugatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and especially to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FCE3F9BBFB8CF9BC" box="[881,1043,1598,1624]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subrugatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FCE3F9BBFB8CF9BC" box="[881,1043,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. subrugatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FBD9F9BBFF49F998" authority="Marcelli, Benatti &amp; Elix" authorityName="Marcelli, Benatti &amp; Elix" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="restingense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FBD9F9BBFB79F9BC" box="[1099,1254,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. restingense</emphasis>
Marcelli, Benatti &amp; Elix
</taxonomicName>
(Benatti 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FED3F9E7FEEBF998" box="[321,372,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2010, Marcelli 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FDA6F9E7FDF8F998" box="[564,615,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2011). The main distinction of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FC48F9E7FBDEF998" box="[986,1089,1635,1660]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FC48F9E7FBDEF998" box="[986,1089,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lies in the constant presence of numerous and conspicuous isidioid outgrowths on the amphithecium and thalline margin, even in young apothecia. The shape, size and branching of these protuberances are rather variable, as is the presence of cilia. These outgrowths have an unconstricted, ± massive base and are most likely not vegetative propagules. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FBA2F94BFB4DF90C" box="[1072,1234,1742,1768]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subrugatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FBA2F94BFB4DF90C" box="[1072,1234,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. subrugatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FA98F94BFA3AF90C" box="[1290,1445,1743,1768]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="restingense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FA98F94BFA3AF90C" box="[1290,1445,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. restingense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, amphithecia are smooth when young and rugose and veined with age; only a few short papilloid-isidioid structures are sometimes present on the thalline margin in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FD11F893FCB8F8D4" box="[643,807,1814,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subrugatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FD11F893FCB8F8D4" box="[643,807,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. subrugatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benatti 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FC00F893FC5BF8D4" box="[914,964,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2010; first author’s observation). Another discriminating feature is that the apothecial cups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FD7DF8BFFCC7F8B0" box="[751,856,1851,1876]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FD7DF8BFFCC7F8B0" box="[751,856,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
develop on constricted stipes, whereas those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FA05F8BFFE91F89C" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subrugatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FA05F8BFFE91F89C" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. subrugatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FED8F8DBFE77F89C" box="[330,488,1887,1912]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="restingense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FED8F8DBFE77F89C" box="[330,488,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. restingense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
develop on inflated stipes. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FCB9F8DBFAC5F89C" authority="(Mull. Arg.) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Mull. Arg." box="[811,1370,1886,1912]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hanningtonianum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FCB9F8DBFB18F89C" box="[811,1159,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Parmotrema hanningtonianum</emphasis>
(Müll. Arg.) Hale
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FA05F8DBFE11F878" authority="(Hue) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Hue" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="uberrimum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FA05F8DBFE9BF878" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. uberrimum</emphasis>
(Hue) Hale
</taxonomicName>
are two species with amphithecia covered with conspicuous and coarse outgrowths, like 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FA05F807FF4EF824" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FA05F807FF4EF824" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, these taxa produce much smaller ascospores (ca. 15–20 × 8–10 µm), and longer and differently shaped (sublageniform, filiform) conidia, their apothecial stipes are inflated, their lower surfaces are coloured differently, and the medullary chemistry of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA72F55FE2CF86BFD00F7EC" box="[446,671,2030,2056]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hanningtonianum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA72F55FE2CF86BFD00F7EC" box="[446,671,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. hanningtonianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different (gyrophoric acid, fatty acids) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFA72F55FBE8F86AFA10F7EC" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1146,1423,2030,2056]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFD82F2AFF1AFA4BFE7DF990" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217526/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[136,229,1487,1509]" targetBox="[151,1433,194,1461]" targetPageId="64" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD82F2AFF1AFA4BFE7DF990" blockId="64.[136,1452,1487,1653]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFF1AFA4BFE95FA00" bold="true" box="[136,266,1487,1509]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD82F2AFE80FA4BFE4FFA00" box="[274,464,1487,1508]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFE80FA4BFE4FFA00" box="[274,464,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parmotrema mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFE4FFA4BFE71FA00" bold="true" box="[477,494,1487,1508]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">A</emphasis>
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFB9EFA4BFB83FA00" bold="true" box="[1036,1052,1487,1508]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">B</emphasis>
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD82F2AFC51FA77FA93F9EC" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. &amp; Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A." box="[963,1292,1523,1545]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Rivas-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFBCCFA77FB18F9EC" box="[1118,1159,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 17–18
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFA8FFA77FAB1F9ED" bold="true" box="[1309,1326,1523,1545]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C</emphasis>
: Two mature apothecia with well-developed and ciliate isidioid protuberances on the surface of the thalline exciple (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFB1DF993FAA2F9C8" box="[1167,1341,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Masson 974.4275</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFAC7F993FAF9F9C8" bold="true" box="[1365,1382,1559,1580]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D</emphasis>
: Isidia cylindrical to navicular, terete to ± flattened, mostly simple (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFD5EF9BFFCE9F9B4" box="[716,886,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Masson 974.4274</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFC18F9BFFC05F9B4" bold="true" box="[906,922,1595,1616]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">E</emphasis>
: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C, D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD82F2AFF2FF927FBAEF85D" blockId="64.[136,1451,1699,2086]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Unlike the protuberances always present on amphithecia, the development of isidia on the upper surface of the lobes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD82F2AFF7AF94CFED3F905" box="[232,332,1736,1761]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFF7AF94CFED3F905" box="[232,332,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much more variable. A substantial proportion of the thalli examined (38%, n = 26) are completely devoid of them. For the isidiate specimens, the abundance of isidia varies from rare to numerous, according to the thalli. In our phylogenetic study based on ITS sequences of 
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFD82F2AFCB5F88BFC4BF8CD" box="[807,980,1807,1833]" count="4" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
, the three isidiate and the one non-isidiate thalli are grouped in the same monophyletic clade (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD82F2AFD2CF8B7FC9EF8A9" box="[702,769,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), supporting the view that only one taxon is involved and that the presence of isidia is a variable character in this species. There is no clear-cut morphological difference between what we have called isidia and the isidioid structures on the amphithecia. The isidia are, however, generally thinner and shorter, and less branched. Both 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD82F2AFDB7F824FDFFF85E" box="[549,608,1952,1978]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">types</typeStatus>
of structures may occasionally be ciliate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD82F2BFF2FF840FE93FEAC" blockId="64.[136,1451,1699,2086]" lastBlockId="65.[136,1451,158,328]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Two populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD82F2AFE36F840FD94F839" box="[420,523,1988,2013]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD82F2AFE36F840FD94F839" box="[420,523,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known so far, one located at 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD82F2AFC1FF847FC7BF83A" box="[909,996,1987,2014]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1865.0">1865 m</quantity>
elevation on the northwest slope of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, the other at 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD82F2AFDCCF863FD66F7E6" box="[606,761,2023,2050]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0925" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.085" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1092.5" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="1085.0">1085–1100 m</quantity>
, on its southern slope.A comparative study of the morphology and anatomy of thalli from these two populations shows that they differ significantly for two characters: the presence/ absence of isidia, and the length of the ascospores (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFD92F2BFD45FF1AFCAFFF5C" box="[727,816,158,184]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="65.[137,229,376,400]" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparison of two morphological and anatomical characters of two different populations of Parmotrema mirum from Réunion." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Table 7</tableCitation>
). The population located towards the lower limit of the montane rainforest has a higher proportion of isidiate thalli than the one located towards the upper limit (Fisher’s exact test, one-tailed, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFEECFF63FE10FEE4" box="[382,399,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">P</emphasis>
= 0.011), and the ascospores produced are on average shorter (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, one-tailed, U = 5, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFECAFE8FFEF6FEC0" box="[344,361,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">P</emphasis>
= 0.041). It remains to be determined if environmental parameters can explain these phenotypic differences.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFD92F2BFF1BFEFCFEBBFE50" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[137,229,376,400]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF1BFEFCFEBBFE50" blockId="65.[136,1452,376,436]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF1BFEFCFF67FE74" bold="true" box="[137,248,376,400]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">TABLE 7</emphasis>
. Comparison of two morphological and anatomical characters of two different populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFB48FEFDFA33FE74" box="[1242,1452,377,400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFB48FEFDFA33FE74" box="[1242,1452,377,400]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parmotrema mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Réunion.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF01FE41FA8FFD0A" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<table id="F953C5F8FFD9D095FF01FE41FAE8FD0A" box="[147,1399,453,750]" gridcols="3" gridrows="5" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<tr id="3563351AFFD9D095FF01FE41FAE8FE39" box="[147,1399,453,477]" gridrow="0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76B25C66FFD9D095FF01FE41FD0BFE39" box="[147,660,453,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF01FE41FF67FE39" bold="true" box="[147,248,453,477]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Location</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFD9D095FD72FE41FC67FE39" box="[736,1016,453,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Piton Ravine Basse Vallée</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFD9D095FBF2FE41FAE8FE39" box="[1120,1399,453,477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Piton Textor</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFD9D095FF01FE6AFAE8FDE2" box="[147,1399,494,518]" gridrow="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76B25C66FFD9D095FF01FE6AFD0BFDE2" box="[147,660,494,518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF01FE6AFF60FDE2" bold="true" box="[147,255,494,518]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Elevation</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FD72FE6AFC67FDE2" box="[736,1016,494,518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">1100 m</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FBF2FE6AFAE8FDE2" box="[1120,1399,494,518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">1865 m</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFD9D095FF01FD93FAE8FDB7" box="[147,1399,535,595]" gridrow="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76B25C66FFD9D095FF01FD93FD0BFDB7" box="[147,660,535,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF01FDADFF75FDA5" bold="true" box="[147,234,553,577]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Habitat</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FD72FD93FC67FDB7" box="[736,1016,535,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">lower limit of a windward montane rainforest</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FBF2FD93FAE8FDB7" box="[1120,1399,535,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">upper limit of a windward montane rainforest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFD9D095FF01FDE0FAE8FD45" box="[147,1399,612,673]" gridrow="3" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76B25C66FFD9D095FF01FDE0FD0BFD45" box="[147,660,612,673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF01FDE0FE4DFD44" bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Proportion of isidiate thalli (number of examined thalli)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FD72FDE0FC67FD45" box="[736,1016,612,673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">91 % (n = 11)</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FBF2FDE0FAE8FD45" box="[1120,1399,612,673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">23 % (n = 15)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFD9D095FF01FD35FAE8FD0A" box="[147,1399,689,750]" gridrow="4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76B25C66FFD9D095FF01FD35FD0BFD0A" box="[147,660,689,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF01FD36FE4DFD09" bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Mean of the individual mean length of spores (number of examined thalli)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FD72FD35FC67FD0A" box="[736,1016,689,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">32.7 µm (n = 5)</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFD9D095FBF2FD35FAE8FD0A" box="[1120,1399,689,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">34.7 µm (n = 6)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FFC9AFC4AFCBF" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
In our 3-locus phylogenetic tree, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFDAAFC9AFD01FCD3" box="[568,670,798,823]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mirum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFDAAFC9AFD01FCD3" box="[568,670,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">P. mirum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFD45FC9AFCCEFCD3" box="[727,849,797,823]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mellissii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFD45FC9AFCCEFCD3" box="[727,849,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">P. mellissii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were resolved as a supported group (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD92F2BFB6FFC99FADCFCD3" box="[1277,1347,797,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). In both species, alectoronic acid is the major secondary metabolites of the medulla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FFCE1FE0FFB7B" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF2FFCE1FD55FC9B" bold="true" box="[189,714,869,895]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFDDBFCE1FD5CFC9B" box="[585,707,869,895]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFD79FCE1FCFFFC9B" box="[747,864,869,895]" name="France" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD92F2BFCF9FCE1FC51FC9B" box="[875,974,869,895]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: Le Tampon, Piton Textor trail, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFAE1FCE1FF3FFC40" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1865.0">1865 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFF3CFC0DFEA9FC47" box="[174,310,905,931]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-21.178888">21°10’44”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFED6FC0DFE54FC40" box="[324,459,905,932]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="11" value="55.63639">55°38’11”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, in an overall north orientation, on the bark of small branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFE85FC29FE4EFC2C" box="[279,465,941,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Tambourissa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFE85FC29FE38FC23" box="[279,423,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Tambourissa</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFD9CFC29FCBBFC23" box="[526,804,941,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonicum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFD9CFC29FCBBFC23" box="[526,804,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sideroxylon borbonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFCA4FC29FC6EFC23" box="[822,1009,941,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2012-08-27">27 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFC6DFC2AFB70FC23" box="[1023,1263,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D. Masson 974.4092</emphasis>
(LG), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFAD0FC29FA34FC23" box="[1346,1451,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">974.4090</emphasis>
(REU), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF70FC55FEDBFC0F" box="[226,324,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">9744091</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFEC1FC55FE23FC0F" box="[339,444,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">974.4093</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFE59FC55FDABFC0F" box="[459,564,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">974.4094</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); Saint-Philippe, forêt de Saint-Philippe, Piton Ravine Basse Vallée, GR R2 trail, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFEC3FC71FE37FBF4" box="[337,424,1013,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1085.0">1085 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFE21FC71FDA5FBEB" box="[435,570,1013,1039]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-21.324446">21°19’28”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFDD7FC71FD51FBF4" box="[581,718,1013,1040]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="16" value="55.704445">55°42’16”E</geoCoordinate>
, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFD67FC71FCFAFBEB" box="[757,869,1013,1039]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFD67FC71FCFAFBEB" box="[757,869,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane wet thicket, in an overall SSW orientation, on the bark of a dead stem of the liana 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFDADFB9EFD68FBD7" box="[575,759,1049,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Danais" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrans">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFDADFB9EFD68FBD7" box="[575,759,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Danais fragrans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFC94FB9DFC24FBD7" box="[774,955,1049,1076]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2013-08-16">16 August 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFC54FB9EFB2FFBD7" box="[966,1200,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D. Masson 974.4268</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFAA5FB9DFAFCFBD7" box="[1335,1379,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ibid</emphasis>
., elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFF1AFBB9FF7EFBBC" box="[136,225,1085,1112]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFF62FBB9FEE8FBB3" box="[240,375,1085,1111]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-21.32389">21°19’26”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFE17FBB9FD91FBBC" box="[389,526,1085,1112]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="17" value="55.704723">55°42’17”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, in an overall SSW orientation, on the bark of branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFE86FBE5FDC8FB9F" box="[276,599,1121,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Antidesma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFE86FBE5FDC8FB9F" box="[276,599,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Antidesma madagascariense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFDF4FBE5FC82FB9F" box="[614,797,1121,1148]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2013-08-16">16 August 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFCB8FBE6FBDFFB9F" box="[810,1088,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">D. Masson 974.4272–74</emphasis>
(Hb. DM), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFB58FBE5FAACFB9F" box="[1226,1331,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">974.4275</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFAD0FBE5FA34FB9F" box="[1346,1451,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">974.4276</emphasis>
(LG), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF5CFB01FEA8FB7B" box="[206,311,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">974.4277</emphasis>
(REU).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FFB2DFDC0FB20" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" box="[189,607,1193,1220]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF2FFB2DFDC8FB27" bold="true" box="[189,599,1193,1219]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Specimens studied for comparison</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FFB4AFF64FAEF" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFF2FFB4AFDB1FB0C" box="[189,558,1229,1256]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hanningtonianum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF2FFB4AFDB1FB0C" bold="true" box="[189,558,1229,1256]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parmotrema hanningtonianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—Trop. Afric. (or.), 2–7° lat. austr., s.d., 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFBBDFB4AFA95FB03" box="[1071,1290,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">J. Hannington s.n.</emphasis>
(G [image!], 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFF1AFB75FF70FAEF" box="[136,239,1265,1291]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FFA91FB9BFAB7" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFF2FFA91FCC7FAB7" collectingDate="1957-11-21" collectionCode="C" collectorName="J. B. Damann &amp; N. Tavares Lichenes Lusitaniae" country="Angola" elevation="1400" location="Koiembe" municipality="Quingenge-Benguela" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFF2FFA91FEA8FACB" box="[189,311,1301,1327]" name="Angola" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8E8C6183FFD92F2BFED6FA91FE34FACB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFD92F2BFED6FA91FE34FACB" box="[324,427,1301,1327]" country="Angola" municipality="Quingenge-Benguela" name="Koiembe" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Koiembe</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFD92F2BFE2EFA91FD2FFACB" box="[444,688,1301,1327]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Quingenge-Benguela</collectingMunicipality>
), ad cortices arborum, circ. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFC61FA91FBD5FAD4" box="[1011,1098,1301,1328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1400.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFD92F2BFC61FA91FBD5FAD4" box="[1011,1098,1301,1328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
s.m., 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFB00FA91FAEDFAD4" box="[1170,1394,1301,1328]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1957-11-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFD92F2BFB00FA91FAEDFAD4" box="[1170,1394,1301,1328]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1957-11-21">21 November 1957</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFA12FA92FCB8FAB7" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFA12FA92FF74FAB7" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">J.B. Damann</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD92F2BFF64FABEFE95FAB0" box="[246,266,1338,1364]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFE9CFABEFDF0FAB7" box="[270,623,1337,1364]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">N. Tavares Lichenes Lusitaniae</collectorName>
selecti exsiccati
</emphasis>
168
</materialsCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFCF5FABDFC13FAB7" box="[871,908,1337,1363]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">US</collectingCountry>
[image!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FFADAFC75FA7F" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFF2FFADAFE48FA93" box="[189,471,1373,1400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="restingense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF2FFADAFE48FA93" bold="true" box="[189,471,1373,1400]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parmotrema restingense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFE6AFADAFC78FA7F" collectingDate="1981-10-20" collectorName="da Vila Maruja &amp; M. P. Marcelli" country="Brazil" location="Ilha do Cardoso" municipality="Cananeia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFE6AFADAFDFDFA9C" box="[504,610,1374,1400]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD92F2BFDFEFAD9FD7FFA93" box="[620,736,1373,1399]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFD92F2BFD78FAD9FCCAFA93" box="[746,853,1373,1399]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Cananéia</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFD92F2BFCCDFAD9FB8CFA93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFD92F2BFCCDFAD9FB8CFA93" box="[863,1043,1373,1399]" country="Brazil" municipality="Cananeia" name="Ilha do Cardoso" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Ilha do Cardoso</location>
, restinga 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFBEEFAD9FABAFA93" box="[1148,1317,1373,1399]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">da Vila Marujá</collectorName>
, sobre ramo fino de arbusto, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFEACFA05FE63FA7F" box="[318,508,1409,1435]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1981-10-20">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFD92F2BFEACFA05FE63FA7F" box="[318,508,1409,1435]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1981-10-20">20 October 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFD9AFA06FD7FFA7F" box="[520,736,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFD9AFA06FD3EFA7F" box="[520,673,1409,1435]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">M.P. Marcelli</collectorName>
1759
</emphasis>
(B [image!], 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFCEBFA05FC40FA7F" box="[889,991,1409,1435]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FFA22FF66F9CF" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFF2FFA22FE7EFA24" box="[189,481,1445,1472]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subrugatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF2FFA22FE7EFA24" bold="true" box="[189,481,1445,1472]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parmotrema subrugatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFD90FA22FF76FA07" collectionCode="REN" collectorName="de Caldas" country="Brazil" location="Wilberto" municipality="Pocos de Caldas" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="REN 000063" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFD90FA22FDF3FA24" box="[514,620,1446,1472]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD92F2BFDE5FA21FC8EFA5B" box="[631,785,1445,1471]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFD92F2BFC8EFA22FC49FA5B" box="[796,982,1445,1472]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Poços 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFCF4FA21FC49FA5B" box="[870,982,1445,1471]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">de Caldas</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
, on tree branch, 1937, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFB47FA21FAFCFA5B" box="[1237,1379,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<location id="8E8C6183FFD92F2BFB47FA21FAAAFA5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFD92F2BFB47FA21FAAAFA5B" box="[1237,1333,1445,1471]" country="Brazil" municipality="Pocos de Caldas" name="Wilberto" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Wilberto</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBF59F23FFD92F2BFAE0FA21FF7EFA07" collectionCode="REN" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35038" name="Culture Scientifique et Technique (CST) Université de Rennes 1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">REN 000063</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFF65FA4DFB22FA07" box="[247,1213,1481,1510]" collectorName="Serra dos Orgaos &amp; Helmreichen" country="Brazil" location="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD92F2BFF65FA4DFE3DFA07" box="[247,418,1481,1507]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFE3DFA4DFDE8FA02" box="[431,631,1481,1510]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Serra dos Órgãos</collectorName>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFD14FA4DFCDAFA07" box="[646,837,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFD14FA4DFC89FA07" box="[646,790,1481,1507]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Helmreichen</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(M [image!], 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFC7EFA4DFBCEFA07" box="[1004,1105,1481,1507]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFBCDFA4DFB2AFA07" box="[1119,1205,1481,1507]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFB58FA4DFF6AF9CF" collectingDate="2003-07-17" collectionCode="SP" collectorName="A. A. Spielmann" country="Brazil" elevation="375" latitude="-29.405611" location="Sobradinho" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-53.02386" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD92F2BFB58FA4DFA38FA07" box="[1226,1447,1481,1507]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8E8C6183FFD92F2BFF1AFA69FE93F9E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFD92F2BFF1AFA69FE93F9E3" box="[136,268,1517,1543]" country="Brazil" latitude="-29.405611" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-53.02386" name="Sobradinho" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Sobradinho</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFE8BFA69FEFBF9EC" box="[281,356,1517,1544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="375.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFD92F2BFE8BFA69FEFBF9EC" box="[281,356,1517,1544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="375.0">375 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFEE3FA69FD91F9E3" box="[369,526,1517,1543]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="1" seconds="20.2" value="-29.405611">29°24’20.2”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFD89FA69FD20F9EC" box="[539,703,1517,1544]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="1" seconds="25.9" value="-53.02386">53°01’25.9”W</geoCoordinate>
, open place near the road, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFC67FA69FB13F9E3" box="[1013,1164,1517,1543]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2003-07-17">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFD92F2BFC67FA69FB13F9E3" box="[1013,1164,1517,1543]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2003-07-17">17 July 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFB0BFA6AFAE4F9E3" box="[1177,1403,1517,1544]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFB0BFA6AFAD7F9E3" box="[1177,1352,1517,1544]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">A.A. Spielmann</collectorName>
360
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD92F2BFA1EFA69FA33F9E3" box="[1420,1452,1517,1543]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
[image!])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FF9B2FAF5F997" blockId="65.[136,1452,797,1652]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFF2FF9B2FE45F9B4" box="[189,474,1589,1616]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="uberrimum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF2FF9B2FE45F9B4" bold="true" box="[189,474,1589,1616]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parmotrema uberrimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFE69F9B2FAF9F997" collectingDate="1974-02" collectorName="de Poncins &amp; H. Krog" country="Kenya" county="Machakos District" elevation="1000" location="Vicomte de Poncins" municipality="Eastern Province" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFE69F9B2FDFFF9B4" box="[507,608,1590,1616]" name="Kenya" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">KENYA</collectingCountry>
. s.l., 1912, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFD74F9B2FC58F9AB" box="[742,967,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<location id="8E8C6183FFD92F2BFD74F9B2FC58F9AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFD92F2BFD74F9B2FC58F9AB" box="[742,967,1589,1615]" country="Kenya" county="Machakos District" municipality="Eastern Province" name="Vicomte de Poncins" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Vicomte 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFCDBF9B1FC58F9AB" box="[841,967,1589,1615]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">de Poncins</collectorName>
</location>
</emphasis>
(US [image!], 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFBEAF9B1FB51F9AB" box="[1144,1230,1589,1615]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
); 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFD92F2BFB71F9B2FA38F9AB" box="[1251,1447,1589,1616]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Eastern Province</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFD92F2BFF1AF9DDFEC6F997" box="[136,345,1625,1651]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Machakos District</collectingCounty>
, lava flow 
<locationDeviation id="9A5E2E7AFFD92F2BFE46F9DDFD56F997" box="[468,713,1625,1652]" location="Kibwezi" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFE46F9DDFD92F997" box="[468,525,1625,1652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
NW of Kibwezi
</locationDeviation>
, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFD46F9DDFCB4F990" box="[724,811,1625,1652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFD92F2BFD46F9DDFCB4F990" box="[724,811,1625,1652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFCA5F9DDFC41F997" box="[823,990,1625,1651]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1974-02">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFD92F2BFCA5F9DDFC41F997" box="[823,990,1625,1651]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1974-02">February 1974</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFC7BF9DEFB21F997" box="[1001,1214,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFC7BF9DEFBDBF997" box="[1001,1092,1626,1651]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">H. Krog</collectorName>
3K 23/118
</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFB5FF9DDFB6DF997" box="[1229,1266,1625,1651]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">US</collectingCountry>
[image!])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF1AF926FA34F93B" blockId="65.[136,1452,1697,1867]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFF1AF926FD2AF95F" authority="Elix &amp; Schumm" authorityName="Elix &amp; Schumm" box="[136,693,1697,1724]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF1AF926FE68F958" bold="true" box="[136,503,1697,1724]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF1AF926FE86F958" bold="true" box="[136,281,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Parmotrema</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFED1F925FE68F958" bold="true" box="[323,503,1697,1724]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">negrosorientale</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFE6DF925FD2AF95F" box="[511,693,1697,1723]" collectorName="de Negros" country="Philippines" location="Cuernos de Negros" municipality="Mt Talinis" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Negros Oriental">Elix &amp; Schumm</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD92F2BFD76F925FC2CF95F" box="[740,947,1697,1723]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientalum">
‘ 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFD7FF925FC2CF95F" box="[749,947,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">negrosorientalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’] (2001: 253) MycoBank no. 546186 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF1AF94DFF25F93A" bold="true" box="[136,186,1737,1758]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFF1AF94DFF25F93A" box="[136,186,1737,1758]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD92F2BFF44F94DFEF6F93A" box="[214,361,1737,1758]" name="Philippines" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
. Negros, 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD92F2BFE56F94DFD23F93B" box="[452,700,1737,1759]" country="Philippines" name="Negros Oriental" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Negros Oriental Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFD92F2BFD57F94DFCB7F93B" box="[709,808,1737,1759]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Mt Talinis</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="8E8C6183FFD92F2BFCA7F94DFC6DF93A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFD92F2BFCA7F94DFC6DF93A" box="[821,1010,1737,1759]" country="Philippines" municipality="Mt Talinis" name="Cuernos de Negros" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Negros Oriental">
Cuernos 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFC1EF94DFC6DF93A" box="[908,1010,1737,1759]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">de Negros</collectorName>
</location>
), Lunga Nature Trail between Camp Vendiola
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FF969FA33F8E7" blockId="65.[136,1452,1697,1867]" box="[189,1452,1773,1795]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFF57F969FE91F8E7" box="[197,270,1773,1795]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="925" value="9.266666">9°16’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFE88F969FEE9F8E6" box="[282,374,1773,1794]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="925" value="123.183334">123°11’E</geoCoordinate>
) 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD92F2BFE14F969FA33F8E7" box="[390,1452,1773,1795]" collectingDate="2000-08-10" collectorName="F. Schumm &amp; U. Schwarz" elevation="1170" latitude="9.25" location="Lake Nailig" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="123.166664" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1">
and 
<location id="8E8C6183FFD92F2BFE23F969FDBAF8E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFD92F2BFE23F969FDBAF8E7" box="[433,549,1773,1795]" latitude="9.25" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="123.166664" name="Lake Nailig" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lake Nailig</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFDA7F969FDE2F8E7" box="[565,637,1773,1795]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="925" value="9.25">9°15’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD92F2BFD18F969FD77F8E6" box="[650,744,1773,1794]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="925" value="123.166664">123°10’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFD6FF969FCD6F8E6" box="[765,841,1773,1794]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1170.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFD92F2BFD6FF969FCD6F8E6" box="[765,841,1773,1794]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1170.0">1170 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on bark, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD92F2BFC3CF969FBA9F8E6" box="[942,1078,1773,1794]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2000-08-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFD92F2BFC3CF969FBA9F8E6" box="[942,1078,1773,1794]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2000-08-10">10 Aug. 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFBD0F96AFAF5F8E6" box="[1090,1386,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFBD0F96AFB32F8E6" box="[1090,1197,1773,1795]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">F. Schumm</collectorName>
s.n. &amp; 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD92F2BFB68F96AFAF5F8E6" box="[1274,1386,1773,1795]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">U. Schwarz</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(herb.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F2BFF2FF895FF75F8AF" blockId="65.[136,1452,1697,1867]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Schumm 7521 [image!], 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD92F2BFE3FF895FD9AF8C3" box="[429,517,1809,1831]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD92F2BFF02F8B5FF7DF8AF" box="[144,226,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-257@66.[150,1435,680,1504]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parmotrema cf. negrosorientale. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5061); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (Masson 974.5059). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD92F28FF1AF8FDFD17FD68" blockId="65.[136,1452,1913,2084]" lastBlockId="66.[136,1452,158,653]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFF1AF8FDFF43F877" box="[136,220,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, up to 10 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFB02F8FDFB45F870" box="[1168,1242,1913,1940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFB76F8FDFAB8F877" box="[1252,1319,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Lobes</emphasis>
irregular to sublinear, mostly imbricate, more rarely contiguous, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFD4EF819FCD8F85C" box="[732,839,1949,1976]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="3.0">3–11 mm</quantity>
wide, rarely plane, main lobes often broadly concave, sorediate lateral lobes erect, sometimes ± involute, more rarely ± revolute, with margins sinuate in young parts, then crenate to laciniate, mostly ascendant, ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD92F2BFD18F861FD6FF81B" box="[650,752,2021,2047]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-257@66.[150,1435,680,1504]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parmotrema cf. negrosorientale. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5061); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (Masson 974.5059). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD92F2BFC91F861FCA4F81B" box="[771,827,2021,2047]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Cilia</emphasis>
black, some with coppery glints (pigment), ± numerous and ± evenly distributed, mostly simple, rarely 1–(2) times branched, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD92F2BFC2CF78DFBFEF7C0" box="[958,1121,2057,2084]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.06 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FF1AFF1AFF56FF5D" box="[136,201,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FE82FF1BFE2FFF5C" box="[272,432,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale greenish grey, quite dull; faintly to clearly white-maculate, maculae irregular; smooth to rugulose, occasionally slightly wrinkled, not cracked; sorediate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, phyllidia and isidia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF40FF62FEBBFEE4" box="[210,292,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Soralia</emphasis>
generally terminal at the apex of laciniae (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDA2F28FD6DFF62FCF9FEE4" box="[767,870,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-257@66.[150,1435,680,1504]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parmotrema cf. negrosorientale. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5061); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (Masson 974.5059). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
), then subcapitate or ± labriform, rarely marginal on lobes and linear ± labriform, very rarely extending slightly submarginally, never laminal. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FBE2FE8EFB59FEC0" box="[1136,1222,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Soredia</emphasis>
subgranulose, (30)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF1AFEAAFF26FEAC" box="[136,185,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">43.2</emphasis>
–(60) µm in diameter (n = 150, from 5 thalli, SD = 7.0 µm), sometimes tinged with orange. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FB5EFEABFAB1FEAC" box="[1228,1326,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Laciniae</emphasis>
numerous, particularly in older parts, marginal, often lingulate, sometimes palmate to ± dichotomously branched, almost always apically sorediate, ciliate or not, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FDABFEF2FDE5FE75" box="[569,634,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FD54FEF2FC98FE75" box="[710,775,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FCDCFEF2FC38FE74" box="[846,935,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lobules</emphasis>
rare, marginal, ciliate or not, up to 5 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FAF1FEF2FA37FE75" box="[1379,1448,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF1AFE1EFF7AFE50" box="[136,229,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Medulla</emphasis>
white, at times orange-tinged in soralia and in older, or damaged, parts. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FB88FE1FFB23FE50" box="[1050,1212,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lower surface</emphasis>
smooth, rugulose, or granulate, moderately shiny, duller centrally, black to the margin, or with a buff or chestnut brown erhizinate marginal zone (ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FF64FE66FECAFE19" box="[246,341,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">1–7 mm</quantity>
wide) at main lobe tips, sorediate laciniae or lateral lobes often with an erhizinate, ivory white or ivory-mottled apical or marginal zone (
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FDADFD82FD2CFDC5" box="[575,691,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 mm</quantity>
wide) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDA2F28FC9BFD82FCEEFDC4" box="[777,881,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-257@66.[150,1435,680,1504]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parmotrema cf. negrosorientale. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5061); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (Masson 974.5059). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FC17FD82FC7BFDC4" box="[901,996,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Rhizines</emphasis>
scattered to moderately dense, unevenly distributed, concolor to the lower surface, sometimes with lighter tip when young, some submarginal rhizines with coppery glints (pigment) near apex, simple, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FD54FDCAFC96FD8D" box="[710,777,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FCC6FDCAFC59FD8C" box="[852,966,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Apothecia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FBB4FDCAFB15FD8C" box="[1062,1162,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pycnidia</emphasis>
rare, submarginal, black. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDA2F28FF1AFDF6FF7DFD68" box="[136,226,626,652]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF1AFDF6FF7DFD68" box="[136,226,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Conidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not found (15 pycnidia investigated).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFDA2F28FF1AFA7CFB29F99E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" targetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" targetPageId="66" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDA2F28FF1AFA7CFB29F99E" blockId="66.[136,1451,1528,1658]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF1AFA7CFE94F9E9" bold="true" box="[136,267,1528,1550]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDA2F28FE81FA7DFDD5F9E9" box="[275,586,1528,1550]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FE81FA7DFE14F9EA" box="[275,395,1529,1550]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Parmotrema</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FE21FA7CFDD5F9E9" box="[435,586,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FDCAFA7CFDF6F9E9" bold="true" box="[600,617,1528,1549]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FB1EFA7CFB03F9E9" bold="true" box="[1164,1180,1528,1549]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDA2F28FBC0F998FA3FF9D5" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. &amp; Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A." box="[1106,1440,1564,1586]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Rivas-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FB7FF999FA87F9D5" box="[1261,1304,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 17–18
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF1AF9C4FF06F9B2" bold="true" box="[136,153,1600,1622]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
: Gross morphology of thallus (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FE43F9C5FDE1F9B1" box="[465,638,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Masson 974.5061</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FD06F9C4FD3AF9B1" bold="true" box="[660,677,1600,1621]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FDD3F9E1FD74F99D" box="[577,747,1636,1658]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Masson 974.5059</emphasis>
). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDA2F28FF2FF92CFB4DF8CB" blockId="66.[136,1452,1704,2091]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF2FF92CFEA4F926" bold="true" box="[189,315,1704,1730]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FECDF92DFD0FF926" box="[351,656,1704,1731]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K−, C−, KC+ fleeting purple pink, then orange, P−, UV+ blue-white; pigmented medulla and soredia K+ purple. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FBC0F948FACDF902" box="[1106,1362,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(TLC): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with alectoronic acid (major), α-collatolic acid (major), ± 1–3 unidentified substances (minor/trace), ± skyrin, ± parietin; ± an undetermined ciliary pigment: P1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDA2F28FF2FF8BCFDE7F7CE" blockId="66.[136,1452,1704,2091]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FF2FF8BCFE66F8B6" bold="true" box="[189,505,1848,1874]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDA2F28FD8EF8BDFCFBF8B6" box="[540,868,1848,1874]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FD8EF8BDFCFBF8B6" box="[540,868,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Parmotrema negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a recently described species previously known only from Mount Talinis in Negros Island, 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDA2F28FDF7F8D8FD7CF892" box="[613,739,1884,1910]" name="Philippines" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDA2F28FD63F8D8FC76F893" author="Elix, J. A. &amp; Schumm, F." box="[753,1001,1884,1911]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="253 - 260" refId="ref120623" refString="Elix, J. A. &amp; Schumm, F. (2001) A new species and new records in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from the Philippines. Mycotaxon 79: 253 - 260." type="journal article" year="2001">Elix &amp; Schumm 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDA2F28FC66F8D8FB79F893" author="Bawingan, P. A. &amp; Lardizaval, M. P. &amp; Rosuman, P. F. &amp; Fajardo, W. T. &amp; Azuelo, A. &amp; Elix, J. A. &amp; Hur, J. S." box="[1012,1254,1884,1911]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="145 - 158" refId="ref115833" refString="Bawingan, P. A., Lardizaval, M. P., Rosuman, P. F., Fajardo, W. T., Azuelo, A., Elix, J. A. &amp; Hur, J. S. (2017) Philippine species of Parmotrema (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae). Philippine Journal of Science 146 (2): 145 - 158." type="journal article" year="2017">
Bawingan 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDA2F28FBFEF8D9FB03F892" box="[1132,1180,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). A specimen was collected on Réunion in 1840, but the exact location is unknown. More recently, it was found again at two localities, in two UTM 1× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FE8FF821FECCF85A" box="[285,339,1956,1983]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
grid cells (or two UTM 2× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FD12F821FD26F85A" box="[640,697,1956,1983]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
grid cells, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDA2F28FCA1F820FC06F85B" box="[819,921,1956,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-257@66.[150,1435,680,1504]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parmotrema cf. negrosorientale. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5061); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (Masson 974.5059). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
), on the windward side of the island, at 825 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FF1AF84DFF50F807" box="[136,207,1993,2019]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
a.s.l. This lichen does not seem to be widespread on Réunion, but it can be locally abundant where it occurs. It also occurs on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDA2F28FEBCF868FE01F7E2" box="[302,414,2028,2054]" name="Mauritius" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
, as is attested to by a recent collection by P. Diederich and D. Ertz in the 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDA2F28FB5CF868FACBF7E2" box="[1230,1364,2028,2054]" country="Mauritius" name="Black River" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Black River</collectingRegion>
Gorges National Park, between 620 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDA2F28FE64F794FDA2F7CF" box="[502,573,2064,2091]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="660.0">660 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDB2F29FF2FFF1AFD5FFE50" blockId="67.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF2FFF1AFE83FF5C" bold="true" box="[189,284,158,184]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Ecology</emphasis>
:—On 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FEFBFF1AFE54FF5C" box="[361,459,158,184]" name="Réunion" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, the most recent collections come from 
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFDB2F29FC1AFF1BFC6BFF5D" box="[904,1012,159,185]" count="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of habitats, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FBECFF1AFB71FF5C" box="[1150,1262,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FBECFF1AFB71FF5C" box="[1150,1262,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
submontane wet thicket and windward submontane rainforest, where this lichen grows on the bark of branches of the endemic screw pine 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FF53FF62FE39FEE4" box="[193,422,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF53FF62FE39FEE4" box="[193,422,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Bioclimatic indices (bioclimate pluvial tropical, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDB2F29FC4FFF62FBDEFEE4" box="[989,1089,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="66.[136,229,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,682,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-257@66.[150,1435,680,1504]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parmotrema cf. negrosorientale. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.5061); D: Sorediate lobes with soralia terminal at the apex of laciniae, lower surface of sorediate laciniae ivory-white and erhizinate (Masson 974.5059). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217528/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
) of the two collection localities suggest that the species is ombrophilous and moderately thermophilous: thermotype belts = upper thermotropical (It = 495 and 510), ombrotype belts = lower hyperhumid (Io = 17.5) and ultrahyperhumid (Io = 24.9). Its ecology seems to be close to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FEC4FED7FD13FE88" box="[342,652,338,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcorallinum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FEC4FED7FD13FE88" box="[342,652,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parmotrema subcorallinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FD23FED7FCD3FE88" box="[689,844,338,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="udisilvestre">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD23FED7FCD3FE88" box="[689,844,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. udisilvestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two taxa with similar distributions in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FB6CFED6FAFEFE88" box="[1278,1377,338,364]" name="Réunion" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Réunion</collectingCountry>
. In the 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FF1AFEF2FE96FE74" box="[136,265,374,400]" name="Philippines" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FE87FEF3FE7EFE74" box="[277,481,374,400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FE87FEF3FE7EFE74" box="[277,481,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected on bark, at elevations of 1170 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDB2F29FB80FEF2FBF7FE75" box="[1042,1128,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="1360.0">1360 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FBEAFEF2FAEAFE74" author="Elix, J. A. &amp; Schumm, F." box="[1144,1397,374,400]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="253 - 260" refId="ref120623" refString="Elix, J. A. &amp; Schumm, F. (2001) A new species and new records in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from the Philippines. Mycotaxon 79: 253 - 260." type="journal article" year="2001">Elix &amp; Schumm 2001</bibRefCitation>
). No other ecological data are available in the literature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDB2F29FF2FFE3AFA09FAF0" blockId="67.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF2FFE3AFE9FFE3C" bold="true" box="[189,256,446,472]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Notes</emphasis>
:—Three species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FE7CFE3BFDE4FE3C" box="[494,635,447,472]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FE7CFE3BFDE4FE3C" box="[494,635,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share with the Reunionese and Mauritian taxon a medulla containing both alectoronic and α-collatolic acids with, occasionally, skyrin, the presence of true non-pustular soralia, ciliate lobe margins, and a black underside. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FDBCFD83FC45FDC4" authority="(Du Rietz) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Du Rietz" box="[558,986,518,544]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="arnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FDBCFD83FC82FDC4" box="[558,797,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parmotrema arnoldii</emphasis>
(Du Rietz) Hale
</taxonomicName>
mainly differs by its submarginal soralia on revolute lobes or lacinia tips, and its cilia without pink-purple pigment (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FC7BFDAEFBEFFDA1" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1001,1136,554,581]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FC7BFDAEFBBFFDA0" box="[1001,1056,554,580]" genus="Hale" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965a
</bibRefCitation>
; first author’s observation). 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FF1AFDCBFDA2FD8C" authority="(Nyl.) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Nyl." box="[136,573,590,616]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="rampoddense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF1AFDCBFE2CFD8C" box="[136,435,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parmotrema rampoddense</emphasis>
(Nyl.) Hale
</taxonomicName>
, considered a pantropical species extending into temperate areas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FAB0FDCAFA38FD8D" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1314,1447,590,617]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FAB0FDCAFAC6FD8C" box="[1314,1369,590,616]" genus="Hale" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FA08FDCAFA38FD8D" author="Chen, J. B. &amp; Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[1434,1447,590,617]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="93 - 113" refId="ref117211" refString="Chen, J. B., Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A. (2005) Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) lichens in China's mainland. III. The genus Parmotrema. Mycotaxon 91: 93 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Chen 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF59FDF7FF61FD68" box="[203,254,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
. 2005), has been reported in MIOI from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FD43FDF6FCC7FD68" box="[721,856,626,652]" name="Madagascar" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FCFAFDF6FC71FD69" author="Hale, M. E." box="[872,1006,626,653]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FCFAFDF6FC00FD68" box="[872,927,626,652]" genus="Hale" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FC73FDF6FC71FD69" author="Aptroot, A." box="[993,1006,626,653]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="401 - 408" refId="ref115319" refString="Aptroot, A. (1990) Lichens of Madagascar: new and interesting records and species. Cryptogamie, Bryologie Lichenologie 11 (4): 401 - 408." type="journal article" year="1990">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Aptroot 1990). Some marginal cilia of the type specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FE0CFD12FD95FD54" box="[414,522,662,688]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FD8AFD12FCB8FD54" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[536,807,662,688]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
) and those of Brazilian specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FB23FD12FF5DFD30" author="Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="551 - 595" refId="ref130627" refString="Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P. (2009) Parmotrema s. l. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Serra Geral slopes in central Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Hoehnea 36: 551 - 595." type="journal article" year="2009">Spielmann &amp; Marcelli 2009</bibRefCitation>
) contain purple-red pigment(s) reacting K+. These ciliary pigments present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FBD7FD3FFB66FD30" box="[1093,1273,698,724]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="rampoddense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FBD7FD3FFB66FD30" box="[1093,1273,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. rampoddense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were identified as fusarubin and anhydrofusarubin lactol in Chinese and Guatemalan collections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FBA0FD5AFB69FD1D" author="Chen, J. B. &amp; Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[1074,1270,734,761]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="93 - 113" refId="ref117211" refString="Chen, J. B., Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A. (2005) Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) lichens in China's mainland. III. The genus Parmotrema. Mycotaxon 91: 93 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">
Chen 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FBEAFD5BFB34FD1C" box="[1144,1195,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FA96FD5BFE9AFCF8" author="van den Boom, P. P. G. &amp; Elix, J. A. &amp; Sipman, H. J. M." pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="363 - 375" refId="ref131667" refString="van den Boom, P. P. G., Elix, J. A. &amp; Sipman, H. J. M. (2007) New and interesting lichen records from Guatemala I. Willdenowia 37: 363 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.3372 / wi. 37.37126" type="journal article" year="2007">
van den Boom 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF1AFC87FF25FCF8" box="[136,186,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
). The R 
<subScript id="17D7351DFFDB2F29FECFFC91FEF9FCC7" attach="left" box="[349,358,789,803]" fontSize="6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">F</subScript>
values of the ciliary pigment P1 found in specimens from the Mascarenes do not match either of these two naphthoquinones, according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FDC5FCA2FCC8FCA4" author="Elix, J. A. &amp; Wardlaw, J. H." box="[599,855,806,832]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="10 - 11" refId="ref120714" refString="Elix, J. A. &amp; Wardlaw, J. H. (2001) Anhydrofusarubin lactol from lichen sources. Australasian Lichenology 49: 10 - 11." type="journal article" year="2001">Elix &amp; Wardlaw (2001</bibRefCitation>
, 2002). Besides, the upper surface of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FB6BFCA3FA34FCA4" box="[1273,1451,806,832]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="rampoddense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FB6BFCA3FA34FCA4" box="[1273,1451,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. rampoddense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is emaculate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FEB6FCCEFE08FC80" author="Elix, J. A." box="[292,407,842,868]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="140 - 162" refId="ref120420" refString="Elix, J. A. (1994) Parmotrema. Flora of Australia 55: 140 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Elix 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FE31FCCEFD35FC80" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[419,682,842,868]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix 1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FD24FCCEFC28FC80" author="Kurokawa, S. &amp; Lai, M. J." box="[694,951,842,868]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="225 - 284" refId="ref124649" refString="Kurokawa, S. &amp; Lai, M. J. (2001) Parmelioid lichen genera and species in Taiwan. Mycotaxon 57: 225 - 284." type="journal article" year="2001">Kurokawa &amp; Lai 2001</bibRefCitation>
) and soralia are not only marginal, as in the Reunionese and Mauritian taxon, but also laminal [
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FD42FCEBFC75FC6C" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[720,1002,878,905]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
, image (!) of the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDB2F29FB24FCEAFA98FC6C" box="[1206,1287,878,904]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
in S]. Finally, according to its ITS sequence, a Thai specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FD53FC17FCEBFC48" box="[705,884,914,940]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="rampoddense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD53FC17FCEBFC48" box="[705,884,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. rampoddense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GenBank accession MK722222) does not appear phylogenetically close to specimens collected on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FD57FC32FCBBFC34" box="[709,804,950,976]" name="Réunion" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Réunion</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDB2F29FCA5FC32FCE0FC34" box="[823,895,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). While it is unlikely that the material from the Mascarenes belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FE19FC5FFDA3FC10" box="[395,572,986,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="rampoddense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FE19FC5FFDA3FC10" box="[395,572,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. rampoddense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it does correspond better to the phenotypically close 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FB1DFC5FFAC6FC10" box="[1167,1369,986,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FB1DFC5FFAC6FC10" box="[1167,1369,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sadly, it was not possible to obtain the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDB2F29FE63FC7AFDC9FBFC" box="[497,598,1022,1048]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, or even a 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDB2F29FD5CFC7BFCAEFBFD" box="[718,817,1023,1049]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, on loan for comparison. The 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFDB2F29FB13FC7AFB4DFBFC" box="[1153,1234,1022,1048]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
could not be found at CANB (C. Gueidan &amp; J.A. Elix, pers. com.). According to the protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FC74FBA6FB43FBD8" author="Elix, J. A. &amp; Schumm, F." box="[998,1244,1058,1084]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="253 - 260" refId="ref120623" refString="Elix, J. A. &amp; Schumm, F. (2001) A new species and new records in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from the Philippines. Mycotaxon 79: 253 - 260." type="journal article" year="2001">Elix &amp; Schumm 2001</bibRefCitation>
) and some images of the type specimens available online (www.fschumm.de, accessed 
<date id="FFED1198FFDB2F29FC0FFBC2FBC7FB84" box="[925,1112,1094,1120]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2020-08-23">23 August 2020</date>
), the Mascarene taxon and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FA05FBC3FEA7FB60" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FA05FBC3FEA7FB60" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the maculate upper surface, the soralia terminal on laciniae or marginal on involute lobes, and the soredia and medulla sometimes tinged with orange. However, the dehydrocollatolic acid reported as a minor medullary substance in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FE01FB37FDC0FB28" box="[403,607,1202,1228]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FE01FB37FDC0FB28" box="[403,607,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not detected in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FCD5FB36FC39FB28" box="[839,934,1202,1228]" name="Réunion" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Réunion</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FC4FFB36FBD5FB28" box="[989,1098,1202,1228]" name="Mauritius" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
samples analysed by TLC, and the presence in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FEA9FB53FD97FB14" box="[315,520,1238,1264]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FEA9FB53FD97FB14" box="[315,520,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of K+ reacting ciliary pigment(s) remains to be established. Molecular data on 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FA05FB53FEA7FAF0" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FA05FB53FEA7FAF0" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are therefore needed to study whether the Mascarene and the Philippine taxa are really conspecific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDB2F29FF2FFA9AFBD8F9F4" blockId="67.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
A thallus collected on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FE29FA9AFD85FADC" box="[443,538,1310,1336]" name="Réunion" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Réunion</collectingCountry>
has some old soralia whose soredia are partially stained orange by parietin. This anthraquinone appears to be very rare in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FD5DFAC7FCC3FAB8" box="[719,860,1347,1372]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD5DFAC7FCC3FAB8" box="[719,860,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being reported only once, to our knowledge, in the soralia and an exposed area of the medulla of a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FCAFFAE3FC55FA64" box="[829,970,1382,1408]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FCAFFAE3FC55FA64" box="[829,970,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FB83FAE2FBE9FA64" box="[1041,1142,1382,1408]" name="Tanzania" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FB14FAE2FA00FA64" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1158,1439,1382,1408]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref124173" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1982) A first report of parietin in the genus Parmelia s. lat. The Lichenologist 14: 98." type="journal volume" year="1982">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1982</bibRefCitation>
). We also found parietin in old soralia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FDD0FA0FFD6AFA40" box="[578,757,1418,1444]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subdeflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FDD0FA0FFD6AFA40" box="[578,757,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. subdeflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These observations can be considered alongside the fact that, according to our phylogenetic data (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFDB2F29FDB7FA2AFDF5FA2C" box="[549,618,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FD10FA2BFCE7FA2C" box="[642,888,1454,1481]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="negrosorientale">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD10FA2BFD0CFA2C" box="[642,659,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD5AFA2AFCE7FA2C" box="[712,888,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">negrosorientale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FC52FA2AFB80FA2C" box="[960,1055,1454,1480]" name="Réunion" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Réunion</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FBCBFA2BFA92FA2C" box="[1113,1293,1454,1480]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subdeflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FBCBFA2BFA92FA2C" box="[1113,1293,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. subdeflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FF1AFA56FE90FA08" baseAuthorityName="des Abbayes" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[136,271,1490,1516]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">‘subarnoldii</taxonomicName>
group’ clade and are therefore related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FD44FA57FCFEFA08" box="[726,865,1490,1516]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD44FA57FCFEFA08" box="[726,865,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a taxon considered by some authors as a chemotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FF34FA73FEDCF9F4" baseAuthorityName="des Abbayes" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[166,323,1526,1552]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF34FA73FEDCF9F4" box="[166,323,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. subarnoldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FE11FA73FD0BF9F4" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[387,660,1526,1553]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FD32FA72FC2CF9F4" author="Swinscow, T. D. V. &amp; Krog, H." box="[672,947,1526,1553]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref131175" refString="Swinscow, T. D. V. &amp; Krog, H. (1988) Macrolichens of East Africa. British Museum (Natural History), London, 390 pp." type="book" year="1988">Swinscow &amp; Krog 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFDB2F29FC2CFA73FBA4F9F4" author="Krog, H." box="[958,1083,1526,1553]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref124064" refString="Krog, H. (2000) Corticolous macrolichens of low montane rainforests and moist woodlands of eastern Tanzania. Sommerfeltia 28: 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="2000">Krog 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDB2F29FF2FF99EFE31F8E8" blockId="67.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF2FF99EFE25F9D0" bold="true" box="[189,442,1562,1588]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FE49F99EFDCFF9D0" box="[475,592,1562,1588]" name="France" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDB2F29FDCDF99EFD5DF9D0" box="[607,706,1562,1588]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: without locality, 1840, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FC71F99FFAEBF9D0" box="[995,1396,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">M.E. Mézières de Lépervanche 38</emphasis>
(PC 0009288 a); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FE8BF9BAFEDAF9BC" box="[281,325,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">ibid</emphasis>
., La Plaine des Palmistes, Ligne Deux Mille en Dessous, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDB2F29FB8CF9BAFBF6F9BD" box="[1054,1129,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
, 21°07’00–04”S, 55°39’04– 06”E, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FF7EF9E6FEC3F998" box="[236,348,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF7EF9E6FEC3F998" box="[236,348,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
submontane wet thicket, in an overall NE orientation, on bark of branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FB53F9E6FA3BF998" box="[1217,1444,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FB53F9E6FA3BF998" box="[1217,1444,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDB2F29FF1AF902FEA5F945" box="[136,314,1670,1697]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-08-23">23 August 2015</date>
&amp; 
<date id="FFED1198FFDB2F29FECDF902FD8BF944" box="[351,532,1670,1696]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2017-08-18">18 August 2017</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FDB2F903FC95F944" box="[544,778,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D. Masson 974.4858</emphasis>
(REU), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FCF8F902FC62F944" box="[874,1021,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">974.5004–06</emphasis>
(Hb. DM), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FB16F902FB72F944" box="[1156,1261,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">974.4987</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FB69F902FAFBF944" box="[1275,1380,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">974.4998</emphasis>
(LG); Saint-André, forêt de Dioré, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDB2F29FD99F92EFDCAF921" box="[523,597,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="825.0">825 m</quantity>
, 20°59’35–36”S, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDB2F29FCB2F92EFC36F921" box="[800,937,1706,1733]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="15" seconds="55" value="55.581944">55°34’55”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward submontane rainforest, on bark of branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FEA4F94AFD82F90C" box="[310,541,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FEA4F94AFD82F90C" box="[310,541,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDB2F29FDBFF94AFD79F90C" box="[557,742,1742,1768]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2017-08-21">21 August 2017</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD66F94BFC7DF90C" box="[756,994,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D. Masson 974.5056</emphasis>
(REU), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FBD4F94AFAB6F90C" box="[1094,1321,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">974.5060, 954.5227</emphasis>
(Hb. DM), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF1AF976FF6EF8E8" box="[136,241,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">974.5059</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF6DF976FEF7F8E8" box="[255,360,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">974.5061</emphasis>
(LG).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDB2F29FF2FF892FC46F89C" blockId="67.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFDB2F29FF2FF892FC4AF89C" collectingDate="2019-08-31" collectorName="Le Petrin &amp; P. Diederich &amp; D. Ertz &amp; Hb. P. Diederich" country="Mauritius" county="Gorges National Park" elevation="600" latitude="-20.40038" location="Petrin Information Centre" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="57.45669" municipality="Le Petrin" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Plaines Wilhems">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FF2FF892FEC3F8D4" box="[189,348,1814,1840]" name="Mauritius" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">MAURITIUS</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDB2F29FEF8F892FD17F8D4" box="[362,648,1814,1840]" country="Mauritius" name="Plaines Wilhems" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Plaines Wilhems District</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFDB2F29FD04F892FC80F8D4" box="[662,799,1814,1840]" country="Mauritius" name="Black River" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Black River</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFDB2F29FCBBF892FBBCF8D4" box="[809,1059,1814,1840]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Gorges National Park</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDB2F29FBA3F893FB00F8D4" box="[1073,1183,1814,1841]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFDB2F29FBA3F893FB00F8D4" box="[1073,1183,1814,1841]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Le Pétrin</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
, along the trail west of 
<location id="8E8C6183FFDB2F29FF1AF8BEFE31F8B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA62F2EFF1AFA0FFD74FF38:8E8C6183FFDB2F29FF1AF8BEFE31F8B0" box="[136,430,1850,1876]" country="Mauritius" county="Gorges National Park" latitude="-20.40038" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="57.45669" municipality="Le Petrin" name="Petrin Information Centre" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" stateProvince="Plaines Wilhems">Pétrin Information Centre</location>
, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDB2F29FE68F8BEFDDDF8B1" box="[506,578,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="600.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDB2F29FE68F8BEFDDDF8B1" box="[506,578,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
W of first viewpoint, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDB2F29FCEAF8BEFC65F8B1" box="[888,1018,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="640.0" valueMax="660.0" valueMin="620.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFDB2F29FCEAF8BEFC65F8B1" box="[888,1018,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="640.0" valueMax="660.0" valueMin="620.0">620–660 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDB2F29FB94F8BEFB12F8B0" box="[1030,1165,1850,1876]" degrees="20.40038" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="1" value="-20.40038">20.40038°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDB2F29FB0AF8BEFABFF8B1" box="[1176,1312,1850,1877]" degrees="57.45669" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="1" value="57.45669">57.45669°E</geoCoordinate>
, on the bark of a tree, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDB2F29FF60F8DAFE39F89C" box="[242,422,1886,1912]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2019-08-31">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFDB2F29FF60F8DAFE39F89C" box="[242,422,1886,1912]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2019-08-31">31 August 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FE23F8DBFD60F89C" box="[433,767,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDB2F29FE23F8DBFDA2F89C" box="[433,573,1886,1912]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. Diederich</collectorName>
18780 &amp; 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDB2F29FD3FF8DBFD60F89C" box="[685,767,1887,1912]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D. Ertz</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFDB2F29FC9CF8DAFC52F89C" box="[782,973,1886,1913]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Hb. P. Diederich</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDB2F29FF2FF806FD5CF879" blockId="67.[136,1452,158,2093]" box="[189,707,1922,1949]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF2FF806FD24F878" bold="true" box="[189,699,1922,1948]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Selected specimens studied for comparison</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFDB2F2EFF2FF823FD74FF38" blockId="67.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="68.[136,1451,158,221]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FF2FF823FE2FF825" box="[189,432,1958,1985]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="arnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FF2FF823FE2FF825" bold="true" box="[189,432,1958,1985]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parmotrema arnoldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFDB2F29FE41F822FDD9F824" box="[467,582,1958,1984]" name="France" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. Finistère: Huelgoat, forêt de Huelgoat, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDB2F29FBACF822FB1AF825" box="[1086,1157,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDB2F29FB02F822FA84F824" box="[1168,1307,1958,1984]" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="15" seconds="41" value="48.36139">48°21’41”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDB2F29FAB7F822FA38F825" box="[1317,1447,1958,1985]" degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-3.7291667">3°43’45”W</geoCoordinate>
, in Atlantic oak-beech wood, on bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FD58F84FFC1AF800" box="[714,901,1995,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FD58F84FFC1AF800" box="[714,901,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Quercus petraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDB2F29FC00F84EFBD8F800" box="[914,1095,1994,2020]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2007-08-24">24 August 2007</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FBC0F84FFAB2F800" box="[1106,1325,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D. Masson 64.2530</emphasis>
(Hb. DM). Landes: Moustey, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FEC4F86AFE6BF7ED" authority="Leyre" authorityName="Leyre" box="[342,500,2030,2057]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grande">Grande Leyre</taxonomicName>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDB2F29FDA8F86AFDEAF7ED" box="[570,629,2030,2057]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDB2F29FD13F86AFD7BF7EC" box="[641,740,2030,2056]" degrees="44" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="44.35">44°21’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDB2F29FD62F86AFCD6F7EC" box="[752,841,2030,2056]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="925" value="-0.76666665">0°46’W</geoCoordinate>
, in Atlantic oak wood, on bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDB2F29FADCF86BFF58F7C8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FADCF86BFF58F7C8" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Quercus robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDB2F29FF47F796FE30F7C8" box="[213,431,2066,2092]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1997-11-21">21 November 1997</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDB2F29FE28F797FD0AF7C8" box="[442,661,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D. Masson 40.2668</emphasis>
(Hb. DM). Pyrénées-Atlantiques: Aussurucq, massif des Arbailles, col Sorzauqui, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFDC2F2EFED0FF1AFE14FF5D" box="[322,395,158,185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="845.0">845 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDC2F2EFE05FF1AFDBCFF5D" box="[407,547,158,185]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" precision="15" seconds="56" value="43.115555">43°06’56”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFDC2F2EFDBCFF1AFD30FF5D" box="[558,687,158,185]" degrees="0" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-0.98138887">0°58’53”W</geoCoordinate>
, in sub Atlantic-montane beech wood, on bark of branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFDC2F2EFAF7FF1BFF73FF38" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvatica">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFAF7FF1BFF73FF38" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fagus sylvatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFDC2F2EFF68FF46FE12FF38" box="[250,397,194,220]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2002-07-03">03 July 2002</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFDC2F2EFE0AFF47FDEBFF38" box="[408,628,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">D. Masson 64.2655</emphasis>
(Hb. DM)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>