626 lines
116 KiB
XML
626 lines
116 KiB
XML
<document id="BB261DEB559FAA10C70A95C09B7D43A2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95162697-db5d-4e65-ae89-ccf6aa1ac03d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5109825" checkinTime="1623430773561" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Sofian-Azirun, Mohd, Ya’Cob, Zubaidah, Chen, Chee Dhang, Lau, Koon Weng & Pham, Hong Thai" docDate="2014" docId="03D047680270FFFAFF5CF8E3FCAAFDBB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03838p366.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3838 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium (Simulium) taythienense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="361" masterDocId="FFE93F100276FFF4FFCBFF88FFE7FF86" masterDocTitle="New species and records of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="353" updateTime="1698303708898" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2C3CB507934F0A3912CCD14687EF386D">
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<mods:title id="D17DDB9FF64E4C0EEC71B3BBBB4A7D28">New species and records of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="CFDA9843A57DC1A4656891C40563A5F4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A36CC9D0824638BFC83FD8A55D1F9D5F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D81C32BBAEE5CFB93F68E12CFAB0E7B">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6D1AD7AEF1494105FD3DF9B18FBEE619">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9DDA886181AB6E966D1C1645C60A6508">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BAE2A01125E01F8E084A4C37D6F5C865" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7ACE81A1FBA9F80A1BF3EABD9E43B09B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6A9C9863F737F51B3C5816FDCCCC3608">Ya’Cob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B99EB05F5E805009956A5CE89A300EB6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F4EC891079B958F2B425E01DDE2A5C91">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ADCD415BF93FA1284412A546161362B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2639F38220D3FF3111AA55D3EAED0B1D">Chen, Chee Dhang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="855A277EC880DCF351883810ABDD01AA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="89753390295AEFB188C8656BC31263D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="411971CDBA7309CA8BD24F05D6D43252">Lau, Koon Weng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1A9575481AA5819AB3B94A596C255F9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D232B8A3F1EE6D064090B223FA12D71F">Pham, Hong Thai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="A4A86146FF23E218C9DA1FC72236C46B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3EED8EC710FBC06AB2B919E0A691F070">
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<mods:date id="B33875354976C22037827C4AC608D4EF">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1A5ED06C1927A221F818A83F5E8F4F8D">2014-07-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8C24C7562D9510074A9B63390CDF4879">3838</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="639A3ED3486C9E19A95E8B4A8AFBEC4E">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8B9772CF95EE4FADC5A3B8BE07B0E9EC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BDF2D27B98BD5037145D05A083AD9EE7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3FEA55D68742AA978EE54E8EC98C6186" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DA23AAE01757A323DFFF92431E05D91B" type="Zenodo-Dep">5109825</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D047680270FFFAFF5CF8E3FCAAFDBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927389" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183549058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D047680270FFFAFF5CF8E3FCAAFDBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D047680270FFFAFF5CF8E3FCAAFDBB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
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<subSubSection id="C363A5F50270FFF2FF5CF8E3FB96F803" box="[151,1137,1898,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC6F67E0270FFF2FF5CF8E3FB96F803" blockId="6.[151,1137,1898,1925]" box="[151,1137,1898,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
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<heading id="D08E41120270FFF2FF5CF8E3FB96F803" bold="true" box="[151,1137,1898,1925]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0270FFF2FF5CF8E3FB96F803" bold="true" box="[151,1137,1898,1925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
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3.
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<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0270FFF2FF7FF8E2FC69F803" ID-CoL="9HV4X" authority="Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun" authorityName="Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun" box="[180,910,1898,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taythienense" subGenus="Simulium">
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0270FFF2FF7FF8E2FECCF802" bold="true" box="[180,299,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Simulium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0270FFF2FEF7F8E2FE54F802" bold="true" box="[316,435,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Simulium</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0270FFF2FE0FF8E2FDBCF802" bold="true" box="[452,603,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">taythienense</emphasis>
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Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun
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</taxonomicName>
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& Ya’cob sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C363A5F50270FFF9FF5CF839FC12FF71" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="360" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC6F67E0270FFFDFF5CF839FE19FE56" blockId="6.[151,1436,1969,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0270FFF2FF5CF839FF12F84F" box="[151,245,1969,1994]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0270FFF2FF5CF839FF09F84C" bold="true" box="[151,238,1969,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Female</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4C815B9B0270FFF2FE5BF839FDFCF84F" box="[400,539,1969,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.5 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0270FFF2FDECF839FD82F84C" bold="true" box="[551,613,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="353">Head</emphasis>
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. Slightly narrower than thorax. Frons black, shiny with bluish reflection when illuminated at certain angles, with several dark stout hairs along lateral margins; frontal ratio 1.3–1.4:1.0:1.4; frons:head ratio 1.0:4.4. Fronto-ocular area well developed, short, directed laterally, and pointed apically. Clypeus brownish-black, shiny with bluish reflection when illuminated at certain angles, moderately covered with darkbrown medium-long hairs (though mediolongitudinal portion of upper 2/3 widely bare) interspersed with several dark-brown longer curved hairs on each side of lower portion. Labrum 0.6 times length of clypeus. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and 9 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.5 times length of second one; antenna yellow to dark yellow, except 5 or 6 apical flagellomeres dark brown (though in
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<specimenCount id="9D7F3DF70271FFF3FC09FEDAFBC5FEED" box="[962,1058,338,363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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antenna almost entirely yellow to dark yellow except flagellomere 5 and apical half or little less of flagellomere 8 dark brown). Maxillary palp with 5 segments, medium brown except first and second segments ochreous or light brown, and third segment dark brown; proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth segments 1.0:1.1:2.6–2. 7; third segment (
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<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FB03FE4AFAC7FE5D" box="[1224,1312,450,475]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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) of normal size, with medium-sized ellipsoidal sensory vesicle (0.3–0.4 times length of third segment) having large opening. Maxillary lacinia with 14 or 15 inner and 12–14 outer teeth. Mandible with 24 or 25 inner and 13–15 outer teeth. Cibarium (
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<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FEDBFDBAFE82FDCD" box="[272,357,562,587]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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) with 30–32 minute processes near posterodorsal margin.
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0271FFF3FC38FDBAFBAFFDCD" bold="true" box="[1011,1096,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Scutum black, shiny, densely covered with whitish-yellow recumbent short hairs interspersed with dark-brown short hairs on anterior portion near anterior margin and lateral portions near lateral margins, and several dark-brown long upright hairs on prescutellar area; scutum gray pruinose with 5 non-pruinose longitudinal vittae (1 medial, 2 submedial, and 2 sublateral), medial and submedial vittae well defined from anterior margin to posterior portion but sublateral vittae not well defined and their anterior halves indistinct), all vittae united with transverse non-pruinose band on prescutellar area, when illuminated in front and viewed dorsally; scutum gray pruinose except 4 non-pruinose longitudinal vittae, when illuminated posteriorly and viewed dorsally. Scutellum medium brown, covered with dark-brown upright long hairs and whitish-yellow short hairs. Postnotum brownish-black, shiny, white pruinose when illuminated at certain angles, and bare. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum brownish-black, longer than deep, shiny, white pruinose when illuminated at certain angles, and bare.
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0271FFF3FC15FC20FBF3FC39" bold="true" box="[990,1044,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Legs</emphasis>
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. Foreleg: coxa whitish; trochanter whitish, with outer surface somewhat darkened; femur whitish-yellow basally, then yellow except apical tip brownish-black on inner surface, dark yellow, gradually darkened toward apex, with apical tip brownish-black on outer surface; tibia brownish-black to black except basal tip light to medium black; tarsus black, with moderate dorsal hair crest; basitarsus greatly dilated, 5.4–5.6 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: coxa brownishblack; trochanter brownish-black except anterior surface of base whitish; femur brownish-black except basal tip light to medium brown; tibia dark brown to brownish-black except base yellow, and with whitish sheen widely on posterior surface when illuminated at certain angles; tarsus light to medium brown except basal 4/5 to 2/3 of basitarsus and basal1/6 to 1/2 of second tarsomere yellowish-white. Hind leg: coxa brownish-black; trochanter yellowish-white; femur brownish-black except base whitish-yellow; tibia (
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<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FC39FB7FFBACFA96" box="[1010,1099,1271,1296]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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) brownish-black except base whitish-yellow and with whitish sheen on basal 1/2 or more of posterior surface when illuminated at certain angles; tarsus dark brown except basal 2/3 of basitarsus yellowish-white and basal 1/2 of second tarsomere yellowish; basitarsus (
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<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FED3FAEFFE95FA06" box="[280,370,1383,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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) nearly parallel-sided, 6.2–6.3 times as long as wide, and 0.6–0.7 and 0.6 times as wide as greatest widths of hind tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (
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<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FCA1FA05FC24FA20" box="[874,963,1421,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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) moderately developed, nearly as long as wide, and 0.4 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus; pedisulcus (
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<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FC1EFA3AFBC8FA4D" box="[981,1071,1458,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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) well developed at basal 1/3 of second tarsomere. Tarsal claw simple, without tooth.
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<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0271FFF3FD30FA5FFCDFFA76" bold="true" box="[763,824,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Wing</emphasis>
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. Length
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<quantity id="4C815B9B0271FFF3FC6BFA5FFC1CFA69" box="[928,1019,1495,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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. Costa with dark spinules and hairs; subcosta haired except near apex bare; basal section of radial vein haired except basal 1/6 to 2/5 bare; R
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<subScript id="17FDF43B0271FFF3FAE8F984FACCF99C" attach="left" box="[1315,1323,1548,1562]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">1</subScript>
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with dark brown spinules and hairs; R
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<subScript id="17FDF43B0271FFF3FE18F9BCFE3CF9C4" attach="left" box="[467,475,1588,1602]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">2</subScript>
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with dark-brown hairs; hair tuft on base of radial vein dark brown; basal cell absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0271FFF3FF5CF9C5FF00F9E3" box="[151,231,1613,1638]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0271FFF3FF5CF9C5FF07F9E0" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,224,1613,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Halter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0271FFF3FF5CF9C5FF07F9E0" bold="true" box="[151,224,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Halter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
White except base darkened.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0271FFF3FD86F9C5FD5CF9E0" bold="true" box="[589,699,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal scale brownish-black, with fringe of dark hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium-brown to brownish-black, with light to dark-brown short hairs; tergite 2 shiny and silvery iridescent when illuminated at certain angles and tergites 6–9 shiny. Ventral surface of seventh segment with pair of weakly sclerotized submedian sternal plates.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0271FFF3FCF3F935FC44F950" bold="true" box="[824,931,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Sternite 8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FBFCF935FB68F950" box="[1079,1167,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with posterior margin concave medially in form of reversed-U shape, bare medially, with 28–39 dark brown medium-long to long stout hairs and 16–21 yellow short hairs on each lateral surface. Ovipositor valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FBDDF880FB8BF8A7" box="[1046,1132,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) rounded posteromedially, with ventrally produced lobe near inner margin, membranous except narrow area along inner margin slightly sclerotized, covered with 28–37 short yellow hairs and numerous microsetae; inner margins slightly sinuous, somewhat separated from each other. Genital fork (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB0271FFF3FD1EF8F0FCCFF817" box="[725,808,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
) of inverted-Y form, with narrow well sclerotized stem; arms of moderate width, each with moderately sclerotized lateral portion. Paraproct in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFAF3FF1FFA74FF36" box="[1336,1427,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
) rounded, subequal in length to greatest width, strongly pigmented on anterior surface, with 30–39 dark short to medium-long hairs (except several hairs yellow) on lateral and ventral surfaces, and with 7–10 short sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFD66FE8CFCE4FE9B" box="[685,771,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
) nearly half as long as wide, and much protruding ventrally beyond ventral margin of cercus. Cercus in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFCD2FEAFFC96FEC6" box="[793,881,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
) short, 0.6 times as long as wide, with numerous medium-long hairs, and rounded posteriorly. Spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFCFEFEC4FC66FEE3" box="[821,897,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
) nearly ovoid, 1.2–1.3 times as long as greatest width, well sclerotized except portion of junction with duct somewhat widely unsclerotized, without definite reticulate patterns on its surface; internal setae present; accessory ducts subequal in thickness to each other, and slightly thicker than major duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06A6F6027EFFFCFF5CF8B2FDB9F851" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" startId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" targetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027EFFFCFF5CF8B2FDB9F851" blockId="8.[151,1436,1850,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027EFFFCFF5CF8B2FEF4F8C9" bold="true" box="[151,275,1850,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027EFFFCFE4CF8B2FDADF8D6" authority="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham, 2014" authorityName="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham" authorityYear="2014" box="[391,586,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taythienense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027EFFFCFE4CF8B2FE7CF8D6" box="[391,411,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027EFFFCFE61F8B2FE5AF8D6" box="[426,445,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027EFFFCFE07F8B2FDADF8D6" box="[460,586,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">taythienense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E9717027EFFFCFD99F8B3FD46F8D6" box="[594,673,1851,1872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027FFFFDFF0CFE54FA7AFD4B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFF0CFE54FEE3FE73" bold="true" box="[199,260,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027FFFFDFE19FE54FDCDFE75" box="[466,554,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFDFFFE54FD95FE73" bold="true" box="[564,626,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Slightly wider than thorax. Upper eye consisting of large facets in 17 or 18 vertical columns and in 17 or 18 horizontal rows. Clypeus black, thickly white pruinose and brilliantly iridescent when illuminated at certain angles, sparsely covered with dark brown hairs along and near lateral margins (most of central portion bare). Antenna similar in number of articles and color to that of female; first flagellomere elongate, 1.5 times length of second one. Maxillary palp similar in number of segments and color to that of female; proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth segments 1.0:1.3:2.8; third segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFADCFD07FA95FD2E" box="[1303,1394,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) of normal size; sensory vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFE39FD3CFDA9FD4B" box="[498,590,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) ellipsoidal, 0.2 times length of third segment, and with small opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027FFFFDFF5CFD5FFAE5F813" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFF5CFD5FFF14FD69" box="[151,243,727,752]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFF5CFD5FFF0BFD76" bold="true" box="[151,236,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scutum black, with whitish-gray pruinose pattern, i.e., anterior pair of large spots on shoulders extending posteriorly along lateral margins and connected to large transverse spot entirely covering prescutellar area, anterior pair of large spots divided into anterior half and posterior half, either of which disappears depending on direction of lights; all these spots brilliantly iridescent when illuminated at certain angles; scutum uniformly and moderately covered with brassy recumbent short hairs interspersed with dark-brown short hairs near anterior margin and darkbrown long upright hairs on prescutellar area. Scutellum medium brown, with dark-brown long upright hairs and dark short hairs. Postnotum brownish-black, shiny and whitish-gray pruinose when illuminated at certain angles and bare. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum longer than deep, brownish-black, and bare.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFB0AFC5CFB10FC6D" bold="true" box="[1217,1271,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Color similar to that of female except hind basitarsus yellowish-white on basal3/5 or little less and dark brown on rest; fore basitarsus moderately dilated, 5.6–7.3 times as long as its greatest width; hind basitarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFB0DFB94FAC6FBB3" box="[1222,1313,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) enlarged, gradually widened toward apical 1/3, then nearly parallel-sided or slightly narrowed, 4.4–4.6 times as long as wide, and 0.8 and 0.8–0.9 times as wide as greatest width of hind tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFAF1FBECFA73FBFB" box="[1338,1428,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) developed, small, little shorter than its basal width, and 0.3 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus; pedisulcus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFF54FB24FF10FB43" box="[159,247,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) well developed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFE09FB24FE18FB43" bold="true" box="[450,511,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027FFFFDFDADFB24FD16FB45" box="[614,753,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Other characters as in female except basal portion of radial vein and subcosta bare.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFE73FB47FDC1FB6E" bold="true" box="[440,550,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal scale brownish-black, with fringe of dark-brown long hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium-brown to brownish-black except basal half or less of segment 2 whitish-yellow, moderately covered with dark-brown short to medium-long hairs; segments 2, 5, 6 and 7 each with pair of whitish pruinose spots (brilliantly iridescent when illuminated at certain angles) dorsolaterally, those on segment 2 connected broadly to each other in middle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027FFFFDFD4DFAD7FD16FAFE" bold="true" box="[646,753,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Coxite in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFBDBFAD7FB80FAFE" box="[1040,1127,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) nearly quadrate, nearly as long as wide; coxite in ventrolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFD48FA0CFD3AFA1B" box="[643,733,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) rectangular, 0.8 times as long as wide. Style in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFF54FA2FFF1CFA46" box="[159,251,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate, slightly narrowed toward middle, then nearly parallel-sided to apex, inner margin gently concave, with subapical spine (2 subapical spines in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7F3DF7027FFFFDFD23FA44FCDFFA63" box="[744,824,1484,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
); style in ventrolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFB4BFA44FB3EFA63" box="[1152,1241,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) 1.7 times length of coxite, 2.9 times as long as greatest width near apex; style in medial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFB85FA67FB4FF98E" box="[1102,1192,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
) somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with short basal protuberance directed dorsomedially, with several cone-like spines along its anterior margin; style in dorsomedial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFD42F9BFFD3BF9D6" box="[649,732,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with short basal protuberance with well sclerotized, saw-like ragged anterior margin. Ventral plate in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFD3BF9D4FCA1F9F3" box="[752,838,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with body broad, bearing prominent median process sharply narrowed to round tip; body covered with minute setae medially; arms short, stout, divergent from base; ventral plate in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFE2DF92CFDA7F93B" box="[486,576,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
) with median process abruptly bent ventrally at nearly right angle; ventral plate in caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFE44F94FFE0EF966" box="[399,489,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
) in form of equilateral triangle, and bare. Median sclerite in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFA8EF94FFA73F966" box="[1349,1428,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig.4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) weakly sclerotized, wide, nearly parallel-sided on posterior 2/3, with its base arising in front of anteroventral margin of ventral plate. Paramere in caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFD22F887FCDCF8AE" box="[745,827,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
) wide, moderately sclerotized, with several short to medium-long hooks near apex. Aedeagal membrane in caudal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFC6CF8BCFC11F8CB" box="[935,1014,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
) sparsely covered with minute setae; dorsal plate indistinct. Abdominal segment 10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFD73F8DFFCC9F8F6" box="[696,814,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 5–10 distinct hairs on ventral and posterolateral surface near each posterolateral corner. Cercus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027FFFFDFD7AF8F4FCC6F813" box="[689,801,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 4J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
) small, rounded, with 14–17 distinct hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06A6F6027CFFFEFF5CF8C8FF0FF876" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="357" startId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" targetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027CFFFEFF5CF8C8FF0FF876" blockId="10.[151,1436,1856,2032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027CFFFEFF5CF8C8FEF4F8D3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1856,1878]" pageId="10" pageNumber="357">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027CFFFEFEA4F8C8FDD6F8D0" authority="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham, 2014" authorityName="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham" authorityYear="2014" box="[367,561,1856,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="357" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taythienense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027CFFFEFEA4F8C8FE64F8D0" box="[367,387,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="357">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027CFFFEFE5AF8C8FE42F8D0" box="[401,421,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="357">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027CFFFEFE78F8C8FDD6F8D0" box="[435,561,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="357">taythienense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E9717027CFFFEFDF3F8C9FD60F8D0" box="[568,647,1857,1878]" pageId="10" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF06A6F6027DFFFFFF5CF8FAFE30F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" startId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" targetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027DFFFFFF5CF8FAFE30F862" blockId="11.[151,1436,1906,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027DFFFFFF5CF8FAFEF4F80E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1906,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027DFFFFFEA4F8FAFDD6F80E" authority="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham, 2014" authorityName="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham" authorityYear="2014" box="[367,561,1906,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taythienense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027DFFFFFEA4F8FAFE65F80E" box="[367,386,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027DFFFFFE5AF8FAFE43F80E" box="[401,420,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027DFFFFFE78F8FAFDD6F80E" box="[435,561,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="358">taythienense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E9717027DFFFFFDF3F8FBFD6FF80E" box="[568,648,1907,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="358" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027AFFF8FF0CFF1FFB5EFB26" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027AFFF8FF0CFF1FFEE2FF36" bold="true" box="[199,261,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027AFFF8FE6EFF1FFDD7FF29" box="[421,560,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027AFFF8FDF0FF1FFD9EFF36" bold="true" box="[571,633,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Integument yellow to dark yellow, moderately covered with relatively large tubercles interspersed with small ones near lateral margins; large tubercles round and lacking secondary projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FEEFFF57FE67FF7E" box="[292,384,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); frons with 2 pairs of short trichomes with uncoiled apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FBFDFF57FB68FF7E" box="[1078,1167,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); face with pair of long trichomes with uncoiled apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FDC8FE8CFDBDFE9B" box="[515,602,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), 1.3–1.9 times length of frontal trichomes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027AFFF8FB83FE8CFB7AFE9B" bold="true" box="[1096,1181,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Integument yellow to dark yellow, moderately covered with relatively large tubercles except lateral surfaces and dorsal surface of posterior 1/2 of thorax moderately covered with small tubercles; thorax on each side with 3 bifid or trifid long trichomes with uncoiled apices) anterodorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FD7CFEE7FCF6FE0E" box="[695,785,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
), 2 trichomes (1 bifid or trifid long with uncoiled apex, 1 unbranched medium-long with uncoiled apex) anterolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FCB0FE1CFC3FFE2B" box="[891,984,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
), 1 unbranched or bifid medium-long trichome with uncoiled apex mediolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FD44FE3FFD03FE56" box="[655,740,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 3 trichomes with uncoiled apices (2 unbranched or bifid long, 1 unbranched or bifid short) ventrolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FD0DFE54FCC7FE73" box="[710,800,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FCA5FE54FC23FE73" box="[878,964,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 10 thread-like filaments arranged as 2+(1+2)+(2+1)+2 or 2+(1+2)+(1+1+1)+2 filaments from dorsal to ventral (exceptionally 2+2+1+(1+1+1)+2 filaments in left gill of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7F3DF7027AFFF8FE56FDACFDE2FDBB" box="[413,517,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" type="pupa">one pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
––
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FDE9FDACFD8AFDBB" box="[546,621,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal and ventral pairs with short stalk, two middle triplets with short stalk and short to medium-long secondary stalk when arranged as 1 individual and 2 paired filaments; dorsalmost filament shortest (1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027AFFF8FE5DFDE4FE0BFD05" box="[406,492,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), 1 or 2 filaments of lower middle triplet longest (
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027AFFF8FB94FDE4FB0FFD05" box="[1119,1256,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) and other filaments intermediate in length; proportional thickness of 10 filaments from dorsal to ventral 1.4–1.6:1.4–1.6:1.2–1.3:1.2:1.0–1.1:1.4–1.8:1.3–1.7:1.2–1.5:1.1–1.2:1.0 when compared basally; all filaments medium brown, covered with annular ridges and furrows and densely covered with minute tubercles, relatively larger ones on ridges and smaller one on interridges.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027AFFF8FCC1FD74FC9FFC93" bold="true" box="[778,888,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsally, nearly transparent except segment 1 grayish; segment 1 without tubercles, with 1 short seta on each side; segment 2 without tubercle, with 1 short seta and 5 short spinous setae, of which 1 is much smaller than others, on each side; segments 3 and 4 each with 4 distinct hooks and 1 short spinous seta on each side; all setae and hooks unbranched; segments 5, 6, 7 and 9 lacking spine-combs; segment 8 with distinct spine-combs in transverse row; segments 6–9 each with comb-like groups of minute spines on each side; segment 9 with pair of cone-like terminal hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FBEBFC27FB94FC4E" box="[1056,1139,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventrally, segments 4–9 transparent, each with comb-like groups of minute spines; segment 5 with pair of bifid stout hooklets submedially and few unbranched short setae on each side; segments 6 and 7 each with pair of bifid inner and unbranched outer stout hooklets somewhat separated from each other and few unbranched short setae on each side. Grapnel-shaped hooklets absent on each side of segment 9.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027AFFF8FD4AFBB7FD3DFBDE" bold="true" box="[641,730,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FD21FBB7FCA2FBDE" box="[746,837,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Medium-brown, shoe-shaped, with several small to large open spaces anterolaterally on each side (shape and size of open spaces are variable by cocoons), moderately woven; posterior half with floor; individual threads visible;
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027AFFF8FCFEFB0FFC5BFB19" box="[821,956,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027AFFF8FBD4FB0FFB92FB19" box="[1055,1141,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027AFFF9FF0CFB24FC12FF71" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="360" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027AFFF8FF0CFB24FE8BFB45" box="[199,364,1196,1221]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027AFFF8FF0CFB24FE82FB43" bold="true" box="[199,357,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027AFFF8FDC8FB24FD6BFB45" box="[515,652,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="5.7" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="5.2">5.2–6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body grayish light-brown, or dark gray, or light to medium brown, or grayish green. Abdomen in lateral view gradually widened from segment 1 to segment 7, then narrowed to segment 9. Thorax and abdomen with pair of cone-like dorsolateral protuberance on each segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FB50FB7CFB11FA8B" box="[1179,1270,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[197,1400,331,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-458@13.[151,1436,303,1181]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Mature larva of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, protuberance and minute colorless setae on abdominal segment 4; B, mandible; C, hypostoma; D, ventral surface of head capsule showing postgenal cleft and pigmented subesophageal ganglion. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for D, 0.05 mm for C, and 0.02 mm for A & B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), though those on thoracic segments 1 and 2 and abdominal segment 8 tiny, often overlooked. Cephalic apotome whitish-yellow on anterior 1/2, yellow on posterior 1/2, darkened widely along each lateral margin and narrowly along posterior margin; mediolongitudinal spots faintly positive but other spots usually indistinct though posterior1/2 of mediolateral spots distinct in some larvae; lateral surface of head capsule yellow or yellowish-brown to medium brown, except eyespot region whitish and wide areas above and anterior to and posterior to eyespot region medium brown; spots near posterior margin indistinct or somewhat negative; ventral surface of head capsule yellow or yellowish-brown or light brown; elongate spots on each side of postgenal cleft indistinct or negative. Antenna composed of 3 articles and apical sensillum, slightly longer than stem of labral fan; length ratio of 3 articles (from base to tip) 1.0:1.3–1.5:0.7–0.8. Labral fan with 36–44 main rays. Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FC31F9BFFBB7F9D6" box="[1018,1104,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[197,1400,331,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-458@13.[151,1436,303,1181]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Mature larva of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, protuberance and minute colorless setae on abdominal segment 4; B, mandible; C, hypostoma; D, ventral surface of head capsule showing postgenal cleft and pigmented subesophageal ganglion. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for D, 0.05 mm for C, and 0.02 mm for A & B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with serrations composed of 2 teeth (1 large, 1 small); main tooth at right angle against mandible on apical side; comb-teeth composed of 4 or 5 teeth, gradually decreased in length from first to third; supernumerary serrations absent. Hypostoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FACEF9F7FABCF91E" box="[1285,1371,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[197,1400,331,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-458@13.[151,1436,303,1181]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Mature larva of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, protuberance and minute colorless setae on abdominal segment 4; B, mandible; C, hypostoma; D, ventral surface of head capsule showing postgenal cleft and pigmented subesophageal ganglion. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for D, 0.05 mm for C, and 0.02 mm for A & B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 9 anterior teeth, of which each corner tooth longest, followed by median tooth and outer tooth of 3 intermediate teeth on each side; lateral margins serrate apically; 4–6 hypostomal bristles divergent posteriorly from lateral border on each side. Postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FDA1F964FD2DF883" box="[618,714,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[197,1400,331,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-458@13.[151,1436,303,1181]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Mature larva of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, protuberance and minute colorless setae on abdominal segment 4; B, mandible; C, hypostoma; D, ventral surface of head capsule showing postgenal cleft and pigmented subesophageal ganglion. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for D, 0.05 mm for C, and 0.02 mm for A & B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) large, rounded, 4.7–5.6 times length of postgenal bridge; subesophageal ganglion pigmented or unpigmented. Cervical sclerites composed of pair of light brown pieces, not fused to occiput. Histoblast of pharate pupal gill with 10 thread-like slender filaments. Thoracic cutilce almost bare except dorsolateral and lateral area on segment 3 sparsely covered with minute colorless setae. Abdominal cuticle sparsely covered with minute colorless setae which appear to be widened apically and divided into two or three apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027AFFF8FF25F828FEAEF83F" box="[238,329,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[197,1400,331,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-458@13.[151,1436,303,1181]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Mature larva of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, protuberance and minute colorless setae on abdominal segment 4; B, mandible; C, hypostoma; D, ventral surface of head capsule showing postgenal cleft and pigmented subesophageal ganglion. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for D, 0.05 mm for C, and 0.02 mm for A & B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109837/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="359">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) when viewed anterodorsally, and moderately covered with short colorless setae on each side of anal sclerite. Rectal scales absent. Rectal organ of 3 lobes, each with 12–15 finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite X-shaped, with short broad anterior arms 0.7–0.8 times length of posterior ones and with forked apices; 4–6 sensilla posterior to posterior arms. Last abdominal segment not bulged laterally and lacking ventral papillae. Posterior circlet with 92–98 rows of hooklets with up to 18 hooklets per row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF06A6F6027BFFF9FF5CFB3DFCADFA8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5109837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109837/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" startId="13.[151,250,1205,1227]" targetBox="[197,1400,331,1147]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027BFFF9FF5CFB3DFCADFA8F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1205,1289]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF5CFB3DFEF4FB4C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1205,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FE74FB3DFD64FB4D" authority="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham, 2014" authorityName="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham" authorityYear="2014" box="[447,643,1205,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taythienense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FE74FB3DFE34FB4D" box="[447,467,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FE2AFB3DFE12FB4D" box="[481,501,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FDCFFB3DFD64FB4D" box="[516,643,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">taythienense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E9717027BFFF9FD42FB3EFD3FFB4D" box="[649,728,1206,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, protuberance and minute colorless setae on abdominal segment 4; B, mandible; C, hypostoma; D, ventral surface of head capsule showing postgenal cleft and pigmented subesophageal ganglion. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for D, 0.05 mm for C, and 0.02 mm for A & B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363A5F5027BFFF9FF0CFAB9FE5DF9A7" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027BFFF9FF0CFAB9FE5DF9A7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1328,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CFAB9FE63FACE" box="[199,388,1328,1353]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CFAB9FE9AFACF" bold="true" box="[199,381,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Type specimens</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B11FC23027BFFF9FE46FAB8FA7EFA33" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323288305" collectingDate="2013-11-12" collectorName="M. Sofian-Azirun & Z. Ya'cob & H. Takaoka" country="Vietnam" elevation="283" location="Male" municipality="Tay Thien" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vinh Phuc" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C248DC027BFFF9FE46FAB8FE1EFACF" box="[397,505,1328,1353]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EA6A0A5027BFFF9FDCDFAB8FDA7FACF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D047680270FFFAFF5CF8E3FCAAFDBB:8EA6A0A5027BFFF9FDCDFAB8FDA7FACF" box="[518,576,1328,1353]" country="Vietnam" municipality="Tay Thien" name="Male" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" stateProvince="Vinh Phuc">Male</location>
|
||
(with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon, preserved in 80% ethanol), collected from an irrigation channel (width 0.5–1.0 m, bed muddy, water temperature 21 ˚C, exposed to sun, altitude
|
||
<quantity id="4C815B9B027BFFF9FF38FAF0FEDAFA16" box="[243,317,1400,1425]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" unit="m" value="283.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0054114D027BFFF9FF38FAF0FEDAFA16" box="[243,317,1400,1425]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" unit="m" value="283.0">283 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, N21˚26’014’’/E105˚36’808’’), flowing slowly to moderately in a grassland near the bank of a big river,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA26C04027BFFF9FF17FA15FEB3FA33" box="[220,340,1436,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Tay Thien</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BD389C027BFFF9FEA9FA14FDABFA33" box="[354,588,1436,1461]" country="Vietnam" name="Vinh Phuc" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Vinh Phuc Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36EB6EE027BFFF9FD91FA14FD5BFA33" box="[602,700,1436,1461]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC7D0BE027BFFF9FD01FA14FCB6FA33" box="[714,849,1436,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" value="2013-11-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF832956027BFFF9FD01FA14FCB6FA33" box="[714,849,1436,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" value="2013-11-12">12-XI-2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="268C93A8027BFFF9FC4DFA15FBB3FA33" box="[902,1108,1436,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">M. Sofian-Azirun</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268C93A8027BFFF9FBA9FA15FB33FA33" box="[1122,1236,1436,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Z. Ya’cob</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="268C93A8027BFFF9FADAFA15FA7EFA33" box="[1297,1433,1436,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">H. Takaoka</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B11FC23027BFFF9FF5CFA49FE51F9A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323288306" collectingDate="2013-11-12" collectorName="M. Sofian-Azirun & Z. Ya'cob & H. Takaoka" country="Vietnam" elevation="283" location="Male" municipality="Tay Thien" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="Vinh Phuc" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C248DC027BFFF9FF5CFA49FEEFFA5F" box="[151,264,1473,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Two females,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7F3DF7027BFFF9FE7AFA48FDD6FA5F" box="[433,561,1472,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
(all reared from pupae and preserved with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons in vials with 80% ethanol),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7F3DF7027BFFF9FDE6FA6CFD7FFA7A" box="[557,664,1508,1533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" type="pupa">six pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
and 10 mature larvae (all preserved in vials with 80% ethanol), same data and date as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C248DC027BFFF9FE9BF980FE51F9A7" box="[336,438,1544,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363A5F5027BFFF9FF0CF9A4FC7DF9EE" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027BFFF9FF0CF9A4FC7DF9EE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1328,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CF9A4FECEF9C2" box="[199,297,1580,1605]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CF9A4FEC5F9C3" bold="true" box="[199,290,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The pupae and larvae of this new species were collected from grass leaves trailing in water. Associated species were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FE77F9D9FD46F9EF" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1911" box="[444,673,1616,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureohirtum" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FE77F9D9FE35F9EE" box="[444,466,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FE2FF9D9FE19F9EE" box="[484,510,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">N.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FDDBF9D9FD46F9EF" box="[528,673,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">aureohirtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FD10F9D9FC75F9EF" authorityName="Puri" authorityYear="1933" box="[731,914,1616,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodosum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FD10F9D9FD17F9EE" box="[731,752,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FCC9F9D9FCFFF9EE" box="[770,792,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FCE1F9D9FC75F9EF" box="[810,914,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">nodosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363A5F5027BFFF9FF0CF9FCFEE3F937" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027BFFF9FF0CF9FCFEE3F937" blockId="13.[151,1437,1328,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CF9FCFEA0F90A" box="[199,327,1652,1677]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CF9FCFEA7F90B" bold="true" box="[199,320,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FDD6F9FDFD4EF90B" authorityName="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham" authorityYear="2014" box="[541,681,1653,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taythienense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FDD6F9FDFD4EF90B" box="[541,681,1653,1677]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">taythienense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the locality name, Tay Thien, where this new species was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363A5F5027BFFFAFF0CF934FCAAFDBB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027BFFF9FF0CF934FE55F82B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1328,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CF934FED3F952" box="[199,308,1724,1749]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0CF934FEC9F953" bold="true" box="[199,302,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FEF0F935FDF6F953" authority="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham, 2014" authorityName="Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun & Ya’Cob & Chen & Lau & Pham" authorityYear="2014" box="[315,529,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taythienense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FEF0F935FEB7F952" box="[315,336,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FEABF935FE91F952" box="[352,374,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FE4EF935FDF6F953" box="[389,529,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">taythienense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E9717027BFFF9FDD3F935FD89F952" box="[536,622,1725,1748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is assigned to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FCF0F935FBEEF952" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1912" box="[827,1033,1725,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FCF0F935FBEEF952" box="[827,1033,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Simulium striatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group by the unique shapes of the female ovipositor valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027BFFF9FDC9F968FDB1F97F" box="[514,598,1760,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[189,1405,223,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-126@8.[151,1436,195,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, upper portion of cibarium (front view); C, tibia of left hind leg (outer view); D, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); E, sternite 8 and ovipositor valve (only right half shown; ventral view); F, genital fork (ventral view); G & H, right paraprocts and cerci (G, ventral view; H, lateral view); I, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for C & D, 0.02 mm for A, B & E–I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109831/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the male ventral plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027BFFF9FC5CF968FC17F97F" box="[919,1008,1760,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[230,1338,224,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-139@10.[228,1362,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, third segment of right maxillary palp with sensory vesicle (front view); B, basitarsus with calcipala and second tarsomere with pedisulcus of left hind leg (outer view); C, coxites, styles, ventral plate and median sclerite (ventral view); D, right coxite and style (ventrolateral view); E & F, right styles (E, medial view; F, dorsolateral view); G & H, ventral plates (G, lateral view; H, caudal view); I, left paramere and aedeagal membrane (caudal view); J & K, tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side; J, lateral view; K, caudal view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm for B, and 0.02 mm for A & C–K." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109833/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). This new species is characterized by having the haired basal portion of the female radial vein and the pupal gill with 10 slender filaments of almost the same thickness (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1342EAFB027BFFF9FE84F8A0FE4DF8C7" box="[335,426,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[219,1353,221,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-98@11.[214,1382,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pupa of S. (S.) taythienense sp. nov. A, tubercles on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D–G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral, F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H & I, gill filaments (H, right gill; I, left gill of one pupa showing different arrangement); J, terminal hooks; K, cocoon (lateral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm for K, 0.2 mm for H & I, and 0.02 mm for A–G & J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5109835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5109835/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In having these characters, this new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FBF0F8A1FAB9F8C7" authority="Brunetti" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1911" box="[1083,1374,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisescens" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FBF0F8A1FBB7F8C6" box="[1083,1104,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FBAAF8A1FB91F8C6" box="[1121,1142,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FB4DF8A1FB1DF8C6" box="[1158,1274,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">grisescens</emphasis>
|
||
Brunetti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36EB6EE027BFFF9FF5CF8C4FF36F8E3" box="[151,209,1868,1893]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE88B8F027BFFF9FF2BF8C4FE67F8E3" author="Brunetti, E." box="[224,384,1868,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" pagination="283 - 288" refId="ref13121" refString="Brunetti, E. (1911) New Oriental Nematocera. Record of Indian Museum, 4, 283 - 288." type="journal article" year="1911">Brunetti 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE88B8F027BFFF9FE46F8C4FDE7F8E3" author="Puri, I. M." box="[397,512,1868,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" pagination="515 - 532" refId="ref13587" refString="Puri, I. M. (1932) Studies on Indian Simuliidae. Part V. Species and varieties of the striatum series. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 20, 515 - 532." type="journal article" year="1932">Puri 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FDDFF8C5FC62F8E3" authority="(Shiraki)" baseAuthorityName="Shiraki" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[532,901,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FDDFF8C5FDCEF8E2" box="[532,553,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FDF0F8C5FDB7F8E2" box="[571,592,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FDAAF8C5FCFFF8E2" box="[609,792,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">quinquestriatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Shiraki)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36EB6EE027BFFF9FC00F8C4FBFAF8E3" box="[971,1053,1868,1893]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE88B8F027BFFF9FBE6F8C4FB24F8E3" author="Shiraki, T." box="[1069,1219,1868,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref13694" refString="Shiraki, T. (1935) Simuliidae of the Japanese Empire. Memories of Faculty of Science and Agriculture of Taihoku Imperial University, 16, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1935">Shiraki 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Takaoka 1979),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FA4CF8C5FDD4F80F" authority="Huang & Takaoka" authorityName="Huang & Takaoka" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pingtungense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FA4CF8C5FA72F8E2" box="[1415,1429,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF6BF8F9FF52F80E" box="[160,181,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FF0DF8F9FEBCF80E" box="[198,347,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">pingtungense</emphasis>
|
||
Huang & Takaoka
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36EB6EE027BFFF9FD64F8F8FCE6F80F" box="[687,769,1904,1929]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE88B8F027BFFF9FCDAF8F8FBC3F80F" author="Huang, Y. T. & Takaoka, H." box="[785,1060,1904,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" pagination="309 - 317" refId="ref13338" refString="Huang, Y. T. & Takaoka, H. (2008) Simulium (Simulium) pingtungense, a new black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Taiwan. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 59, 309 - 317." type="journal article" year="2008">Huang & Takaoka 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FBAFF8F9FA7BF80F" authority="Chen" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2003" box="[1124,1436,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishanense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FBAFF8F9FB9EF80E" box="[1124,1145,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FB41F8F9FB78F80E" box="[1162,1183,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FB7AF8F9FABEF80F" box="[1201,1369,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">wuzhishanense</emphasis>
|
||
Chen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36EB6EE027BFFF9FF1FF81CFEF0F82B" box="[212,279,1940,1965]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Chen 2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E027BFFFAFF0CF830FC99FE2A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1328,2037]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">
|
||
This new species is distinguished in the male from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD027BFFF9FCC0F831FC2CF856" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1911" box="[779,971,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisescens" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FCC0F831FCC7F856" box="[779,800,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FCFAF831FCA1F856" box="[817,838,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C027BFFF9FC9DF831FC2CF856" box="[854,971,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="360">grisescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the color and relative size of the hind basitarsus, which is yellowish on the basal 3/5 or little less and 0.2 times as wide as its length in this new species, but is yellowish on the basal 1/2 and 0.3 times as wide as its length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFC72FF10FB9DFF29" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1911" box="[953,1146,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisescens" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFC72FF10FC29FF29" box="[953,974,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFC14FF10FC13FF29" box="[991,1012,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFBCDFF10FB9DFF29" box="[1030,1146,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">grisescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and from the other three species by the number of upper-eye enlarged facets, which are in 17 or 18 vertical columns and 17 or 18 horizontal rows in this new species but in 16 horizontal rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFCD7FF68FBC0FF71" baseAuthorityName="Shiraki" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[796,1063,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFCD7FF68FCD6FF71" box="[796,817,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFC8DFF68FCBCFF71" box="[838,859,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFCBBFF68FBC0FF71" box="[880,1063,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">quinquestriatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in 19 vertical columns and 20 horizontal rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFE42FE8CFD99FE9A" authorityName="Huang & Takaoka" authorityYear="2008" box="[393,638,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pingtungense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFE42FE8CFE79FE9D" box="[393,414,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFE72FE8CFE29FE9D" box="[441,462,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFE22FE8DFD99FE9A" box="[489,638,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">pingtungense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in 12 vertical columns and 14 horizontal rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFA85FE8CFED8FEC6" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishanense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFA85FE8CFA84FE9D" box="[1358,1379,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFAB6FE8CFA74FE9D" box="[1405,1427,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFF5CFEA0FED8FEC6" box="[151,319,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">wuzhishanense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFD70FEA0FC24FEB9" baseAuthorityName="Shiraki" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[699,963,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD70FEA0FD37FEB9" box="[699,720,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD2FFEA0FD1FFEB9" box="[740,760,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFCC7FEA0FC24FEB9" box="[780,963,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">quinquestriatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFBCBFEA0FB1FFEC6" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2003" box="[1024,1272,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishanense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFBCBFEA0FBF2FEB9" box="[1024,1045,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFBE3FEA0FBDAFEB9" box="[1064,1085,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFB9BFEA0FB1FFEC6" box="[1104,1272,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">wuzhishanense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the brassy short hairs on the male scutum (cf., yellow short hairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFCE1FEC4FBD7FEE2" baseAuthorityName="Shiraki" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[810,1072,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquestriatum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFCE1FEC4FCD8FEE5" box="[810,831,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFC99FEC4FC80FEE5" box="[850,871,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFCB2FEC5FBD7FEE2" box="[889,1072,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">quinquestriatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFBA0FEC4FA86FEE2" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2003" box="[1131,1377,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishanense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFBA0FEC4FB67FEE5" box="[1131,1152,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFB59FEC4FB40FEE5" box="[1170,1191,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFB72FEC4FA86FEE2" box="[1209,1377,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">wuzhishanense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFF1DFEF8FE5EFE01" authorityName="Huang & Takaoka" authorityYear="2008" box="[214,441,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pingtungense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFF1DFEF8FF0CFE01" box="[214,235,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFF36FEF8FEF5FE01" box="[253,274,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFEEFFEF8FE5EFE01" box="[292,441,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">pingtungense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFE38FEF8FD0EFE0E" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2003" box="[499,745,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishanense" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFE38FEF8FDEFFE01" box="[499,520,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFDD1FEF8FDC8FE01" box="[538,559,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD8AFEF8FD0EFE0E" box="[577,745,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">wuzhishanense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of paired dorsal protuberances on the larval abdomen (cf., such protuberances absent in the latter two species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC6F67E0278FFFAFF0CFE3FFCAAFDBB" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
|
||
This new species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFD47FE30FC4CFE56" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[652,939,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccatum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD47FE30FD46FE49" box="[652,673,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD7FFE30FD2FFE49" box="[692,712,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD10FE31FCA2FE56" box="[731,837,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">saccatum</emphasis>
|
||
Rubtsov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Siberia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE88B8F0278FFFAFB98FE3FFB12FE56" author="Rubtsov, I. A." box="[1107,1269,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" refId="ref13624" refString="Rubtsov, I. A. (1956) Blackflies (Simuliidae). Fauna of the USSR. 2 nd Edition. New Series No. 61. Diptera 6 (6). Academy of Science, USSR, Moscow and Leningrad, xxviii + 1042 pp. [translated from Russian in 1989 by Amerind Publication Co. Pot. Ltd., Delhi, India]" type="book" year="1956">Rubtsov 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by the nearly parallel-sided style and ventral plate not produced posteriorly (cf., style narrowed from basal 1/3 toward apex and ventral plate produced posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFDF6FD88FD13FD9E" box="[573,756,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccatum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFDF6FD88FDB5FD91" box="[573,594,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFDAFFD88FD9EFD91" box="[612,633,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD41FD89FD13FD9E" box="[650,756,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">saccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The color of short hairs on the scutum and the number of upper-eye facets of the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C798DFD0278FFFAFE32FDACFD4AFDBA" box="[505,685,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccatum" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFE32FDACFDE9FDBD" box="[505,526,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFDD5FDACFDD4FDBD" box="[542,563,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D2A6C0278FFFAFD88FDADFD4AFDBA" box="[579,685,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">saccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |