146 lines
18 KiB
XML
146 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="A31E15C0D90AB107F5A27C20D199A75F" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFBB321F84D0F9A69A72FCE6" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.4:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Neonatrix Holman 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1715215045661" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="020E2FB26659A21CC322701AC1174028">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C3537290289C66B6C5E0E69D67951062">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1E98203253F1DC4987A11E31C267E810" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CA77350875E00E2F8709EA13C9128960">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BEACBBAA458701652DC85F919A72DB0F">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8C070AD65EA9C777FF737286B7E2B5BB">
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<mods:date id="A0A79068A2CA2D3313E60C8E81C255DA">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="B0E793D5098D311D8C22428C916D8643">a 2</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="8344E8215F1C8C227D9AECCD5C81DD39">27</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0383BE312E8E5B767CBF95CFE6159603">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7F5364828F728A86B8835C5AA221F7C1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C5490662E4C755B2DB0652111EC03E28" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387E8FFBB321F84D0F9A69A72FCE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFBB321F84D0F9A69A72FCE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFBB321F84D0F9A69A72FCE6" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFBB321884D0F9A69C2CF954" box="[928,1352,1657,1686]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFBB321884D0F9A69C2CF954" blockId="19.[928,1352,1657,1686]" box="[928,1352,1657,1686]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBB32188486F9A69C58F94C" authority="Holman, 1973" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1973" box="[1014,1340,1660,1685]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Neonatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB32188486F9A69DF4F94C" box="[1014,1168,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NEONATRIX</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBB321883E7F9A69C58F94C" author="Holman, J. A." box="[1175,1340,1660,1685]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref19674" refString="Holman, J. A. 1973. Reptiles of the Egelhoff local fauna (upper Miocene) of Nebraska. Contributions of the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 24: 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1973">Holman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<superScript id="7C6F9BB6FFBB3218824CF9A39C2CF954" attach="none" box="[1340,1352,1657,1677]" fontSize="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">†</superScript>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFBB321F8438F97D98D0FE46" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFBB321F8438F97D98D0FE46" blockId="19.[840,1441,1703,1888]" lastBlockId="20.[192,793,166,831]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB32188438F97D9AABF919" bold="true" box="[840,975,1703,1728]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBB321884AFF97D9D35F919" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1973" box="[991,1105,1703,1728]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Neonatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB321884AFF97D9D35F919" box="[991,1105,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neonatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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trunk vertebrae are most easily characterized by very short hypapophyses that strongly project posteriorly, are ventrally beveled in most North American species (except
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBB32188216F8DD9D6FF899" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1973" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Neonatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB32188216F8DD9D6FF899" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neonatrix elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) but are weakly developed, terminally rounded, and do not extend beyond the end of the condyle. Furthermore, they are relatively small and distinctly longer than wide. The neural spines of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F864FFF3C98D5FF26" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1973" box="[319,433,230,255]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Neonatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F864FFF3C98D5FF26" box="[319,433,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neonatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are much longer (up to 4x) than wide (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F8626FEDC9B69FEC6" author="Holman, J. A." box="[342,525,262,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref19674" refString="Holman, J. A. 1973. Reptiles of the Egelhoff local fauna (upper Miocene) of Nebraska. Contributions of the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 24: 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1973">Holman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F8552FEDC9B05FEC6" author="Holman, J. A." box="[546,609,262,287]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F8507FEDC9804FEE6" author="Parmley, D. & Hunter, K. B." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="526 - 543" refId="ref22088" refString="Parmley, D. and Hunter, K. B. 2010. Fossil Snakes of the Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 44: 526 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 09 - 248.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Parmley and Hunter, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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), with reduced or absent hooked projections at each terminal end. The zygosphene is convex, but less so in caudal vertebrae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F85C6FEBC98CEFE46" author="Jasinski, S. E. & Moscato, D. A." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="245 - 257" refId="ref20745" refString="Jasinski, S. E. and Moscato, D. A. 2017. Late Hemphillian Colubrid Snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from the Gray Fossil Site of Northeastern Tennessee. Journal of Herpetology, 51: 245 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 16 - 020" type="journal article" year="2017">Jasinski and Moscato, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFBC321F87B0FE7C9A72FCE6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFBC321F87B0FE7C9A72FCE6" blockId="20.[192,793,166,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F87B0FE7C985CFE66" bold="true" box="[192,312,422,447]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The hypapophyses of North American species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F8634FE1C98D2FE06" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1973" box="[324,438,454,479]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Neonatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F8634FE1C98D2FE06" box="[324,438,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neonatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are less well-developed than the reported species from Europe (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F8516FE3C9A71FE26" author="Holman, J. A." box="[614,789,486,511]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref19674" refString="Holman, J. A. 1973. Reptiles of the Egelhoff local fauna (upper Miocene) of Nebraska. Contributions of the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 24: 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1973">Holman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F87B0FDDC999BFDC6" author="Holman, J. A." box="[192,255,518,543]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref19836" refString="Holman, J. A. 1982. New herpetological species and records from the Norden Bridge fauna (Miocene: Late Barstovian) of Nebraska. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Science, 10: 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F867CFDDC982FFDC6" author="Holman, J. A." box="[268,331,518,543]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref19920" refString="Holman, J. A. 1996. Herpetofauna of the Trinity River local fauna (Miocene: Early Barstovian, San Jacinto County, Texas, USA. Tertiary Research, 17: 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F8627FDDC9BE4FDC6" author="Rage, J. - C. & Holman, J. A." box="[343,640,518,543]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref22574" refString="Rage, J. - C. and Holman, J. A. 1984. Des serpents (Reptilia, Squamata) de type nord-americain dans le Miocene Francais. Evolution parallele ou dispersion? Geobios, 17: 89 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (84) 80007 - 8" type="journal article" year="1984">Rage and Holman, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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) and shorter than in any other natricid genus (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F8513FDFC9A71FDE6" author="Holman, J. A." box="[611,789,550,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref19674" refString="Holman, J. A. 1973. Reptiles of the Egelhoff local fauna (upper Miocene) of Nebraska. Contributions of the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 24: 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1973">Holman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F87B0FD9C9866FD86" author="Holman, J. A." box="[192,258,582,607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F8663FD9C98E1FD86" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1973" box="[275,389,582,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Neonatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F8663FD9C98E1FD86" box="[275,389,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neonatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F8521FD9C9B87FD86" baseAuthorityName="Jasinski and Moscato" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[593,739,582,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Thamnophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F8521FD9C9B87FD86" box="[593,739,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Thamnophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F87B0FDBC9879FDA6" authorityName="Baird and Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[192,285,614,639]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Nerodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F87B0FDBC9879FDA6" box="[192,285,614,639]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nerodia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in possessing an anteriorly taller neural spine that lacks hooked projections and a less prominant subcentral ridge (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F857DFD7C9866FD06" author="Jasinski, S. E. & Moscato, D. A." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="245 - 257" refId="ref20745" refString="Jasinski, S. E. and Moscato, D. A. 2017. Late Hemphillian Colubrid Snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from the Gray Fossil Site of Northeastern Tennessee. Journal of Herpetology, 51: 245 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 16 - 020" type="journal article" year="2017">Jasinski and Moscato, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). The neural spine of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F857BFD1C9B19FD06" authorityName="Holman" authorityYear="1973" box="[523,637,710,735]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Neonatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F857BFD1C9B19FD06" box="[523,637,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neonatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also taller than in
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F8643FD3C9BB2FD26" box="[307,726,742,767]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F8643FD3C98F6FD26" authorityName="Baird & Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[307,402,742,767]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Storeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Storeria</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F86DDFD3C9B39FD26" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1860" box="[429,605,742,767]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Tropidoclonion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tropidoclonion</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F8506FD3C9BB5FD26" box="[630,721,742,767]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Virginia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Virginia</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F87B0FCDC9826FCC6" authorityName="Parmley & Hunter" authorityYear="2010" box="[192,322,774,799]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Micronatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F87B0FCDC9826FCC6" box="[192,322,774,799]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Micronatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but shorter than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBC321F854EFCDC9BD8FCC6" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1895" box="[574,700,774,799]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Seminatrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBC321F854EFCDC9BD8FCC6" box="[574,700,774,799]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Seminatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F85BDFCDC98DEFCE6" author="Parmley, D. & Hunter, K. B." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="526 - 543" refId="ref22088" refString="Parmley, D. and Hunter, K. B. 2010. Fossil Snakes of the Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 44: 526 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 09 - 248.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Parmley and Hunter, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBC321F86B5FCFC9A74FCE6" author="Jasinski, S. E. & Moscato, D. A." box="[453,784,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="245 - 257" refId="ref20745" refString="Jasinski, S. E. and Moscato, D. A. 2017. Late Hemphillian Colubrid Snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from the Gray Fossil Site of Northeastern Tennessee. Journal of Herpetology, 51: 245 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 16 - 020" type="journal article" year="2017">Jasinski and Moscato, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |