129 lines
11 KiB
XML
129 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5165313" ID-GBIF-Dataset="058b438a-ffe3-452b-a286-9267419b3014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5165313" checkinTime="1628021183604" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Swezey, O. H." docDate="1946" docId="03B387B8E948FFA5FE6B81C394E30045" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectsOfGuamII.189.163-185.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insects of Guam II, Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 189" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A6818C686426A7D59822A3BD2E5D42E5.1:InsectsOfGuam.1942.book_chapter" docStyleId="A6818C686426A7D59822A3BD2E5D42E5" docStyleName="InsectsOfGuam.1942.book_chapter" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Prodenia litura" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="167" masterDocId="FF8AFFC0E94BFFA1FFCF823D9276034F" masterDocTitle="Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae, and Pyralidae of Guam" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="166" updateTime="1632489365374" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae, and Pyralidae of Guam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Swezey, O. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Experiment Station Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Honolulu</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1946</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1942-12-20</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 189</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Insects of Guam II</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>163</mods:start>
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<mods:end>185</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5165313</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">058b438a-ffe3-452b-a286-9267419b3014</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5165313</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5171154" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183926958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5171154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E948FFA5FE6B81C394E30045" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387B8E948FFA5FE6B81C394E30045" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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<subSubSection box="[420,1002,1022,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[420,1819,1022,2558]" box="[420,1002,1022,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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<heading box="[420,1002,1022,1065]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[420,451,1022,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[483,996,1022,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Prodenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litura">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[483,762,1022,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Prodenia litura</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="166" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[420,1819,1022,2558]" box="[483,1315,1074,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[483,1315,1074,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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<bibCitation author="Fabricius" box="[483,1315,1074,1116]" journalOrPublisher="Syst. Ent." pageId="3" pageNumber="166" pagination="601" refId="ref1595" type="book" year="1775">
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<treatmentCitation author="Fabricius" box="[483,1310,1074,1116]" page="601" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" year="1775">
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<emphasis box="[483,723,1074,1116]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Noctua litura</emphasis>
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<author box="[739,907,1074,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Fabricius</author>
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,
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<journalOrPublisher box="[931,1113,1074,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Syst. Ent.</journalOrPublisher>
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,
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<pagination box="[1135,1200,1074,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">601</pagination>
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,
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<year box="[1227,1310,1074,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">1775</year>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[420,1819,1022,2558]" box="[482,1580,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[482,1580,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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<bibCitation author="Hampson" box="[482,1580,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" pagination="245" part="8" refId="ref1608" title="Cat. Lep. Phalaenae" type="journal article" year="1909">
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<treatmentCitation author="Hampson" box="[482,1575,1126,1166]" page="245" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" year="1909">
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<emphasis box="[482,763,1126,1166]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Prodenia litura,</emphasis>
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<author box="[781,954,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Hampson</author>
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,
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<title box="[979,1338,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Cat. Lep. Phalaenae</title>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1354,1390,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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<part box="[1354,1373,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" type="volume">8</part>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<pagination box="[1404,1468,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" type="pagination">245</pagination>
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,
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<year box="[1495,1575,1126,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">1909</year>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[420,1819,1022,2558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">,Although caterpillars or their work were found in every garden we visited in the different districts of the island, the moths of our collection were obtained mostly at Agana and Piti as follows: Agana swamp, May 4, reared from caterpillars on taro, Swezey; Machanao, June 2, reared from caterpillars on tobacco, Swezey; Piti, Aug. 13, Sept. 3, at light, Swezey; Piti, Oct. 25, Nov. 24, reared from caterpillars on banana, Swezey.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[420,1819,1022,2558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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This is called the cotton moth in
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<collectingCountry box="[1089,1200,1495,1537]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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. It is a pest in the tropics around the world. It does not yet occur in Hawaii, but is known in most islands of the Pacific. It was collected by Fullaway in 1911 but not recorded at the time. It was first recorded there in 1927 as a pest on taro. In 1936, caterpillars were found on a large variety of host plants, taro, banana, tobacco, tomato, onion, bean, cabbage, corn, and amaranth. More were found on banana and taro than on other plants, but they were not numerous enough to cause extensive injury. In cages, caterpillars fed and thrived on morning-glory, pumpkin, and papaya leaves, but none were found on these plants in the open. The eggs are laid in large clusters of one layer on the under side of the leaves. One cluster contained "1,224 eggs, but the usual number was 200 to 400. On hatching, the larvae feed gregariously for a time, but eventually scatter. While small, they eat only the surface of the leaf, but when larger consume the whole substance of the leaf blade.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[420,1819,1022,2558]" lastBlockId="4.[289,1687,323,778]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="3" pageNumber="166">
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The full-grown caterpillar is about
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<quantity box="[1152,1406,2211,2253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35 to 40 mm</quantity>
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., of a general mottled fuscous coloration with two dorsal lines of segmental black marks, wide apart, and the marks usually have yellow on their ventral edge. The spiracles are black and situated in the ventral edge of fuscous spots, a whitish dot is situated above and a little behind each. Apparently very few of the caterpillars reached maturity, as large-sized caterpillars were never found in proportionate abundance to the number of young hatching from the egg clusters. It is likely that the abundant
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[544,683,323,364]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[544,683,323,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Polistes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[785,889,323,364]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Icaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[785,889,323,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Icaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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wasps were preying on them while still of small size, though we did not observe them doing this. These· wasps were in such abundance as to require quantities of caterpillars as food for their young, and young
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[630,790,475,516]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Prodenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[630,790,475,516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Prodenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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caterpillars would furnish the most ready supply for them.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[289,1687,323,778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">
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While we were in
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<collectingCountry box="[709,812,584,626]" name="Guam" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Guam</collectingCountry>
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a supply of the egg-parasite
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[1371,1687,584,626]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nawai">
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<emphasis box="[1371,1687,584,626]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Telenomus nawai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was sent from the Experiment Station, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Honolulu. These parasites readily bred on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1099,1261,685,727]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Prodenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1099,1261,685,727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="167">Prodenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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eggs, and were reared for distribution at the Agricultural School until they became well established.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |